初中英语2025届中考语法复习动词和动词时态知识讲解
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中考英语语法复习动词和动词时态一、动词用法(一)动词的意义:动词是表示动作的词。(二)动词的用法:1.动词用来做谓语,放在主语后,各种时态的变化主要用动词的各种形式来表达。如:Studyisteachingyouanimportantlesson.这个句子中,teach做谓语,放在主语study后,用bedoing形式来表达现在进行时态。二、动词时态讲解考点一一般现在时态一)表示经常发生的习惯性的动作,或表示客观真理。如:Eatingvegetablesisagoodwaytostayhealthy.吃蔬菜是一个保持身体健康的好方法。二)在条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时态表示将来。如:Ifyouhaveanyquestion,pleaseaskme.如果你有任何问题,请问我。三)标志:often,usually,always,sometimes,inthemorning,everyday,atnight,onSundays等四)结构讲解:主语+动词原形或第三人称单数形式+其它。如:(1)谓语是be陈述形式:1.It's5kilometersfrommyschool.2.Theruleris10centimeterslong.3.HerbirthdayisonJuly8.一般疑问形式及回答:1.Isit5kilometersfrommyschool?Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.2.Istheruler10centimeterslong?Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.3.IsherbirthdayonJuly8?Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.就划线部分提问:1.Howfarisitfromyourschool?2.Howmanycentimeterslongistheruler?3.Whenisherbirthday?(2)谓语是实意动词(就主语提问,特殊疑问词后直接抄下来.who,what做主语,谓语用第三人称单数)陈述句:1.Shegetsupat7.(whattime,when)2.Thechildrenalwayssingthissong.一般疑问句:1.Doesshegetupat7?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.2.Dothechildrenalwayssingthissong?Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.就划线部分提问:1.Whattimedoesshegetup?4,2.Whatdotheyalwaysdo?(3)句子中有情态动词(can,must,may,should,need...)(情态动词+动词原形)(就动词提问用What...do?)陈述句:1.Shecanswim.2.Youmusteatthiscake.一般疑问句:1.Cansheswim?Yes,shecan./No,shecan’t.2.MustIeatthiscake?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.考点二一般过去时态一)意义:表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。二)标志:yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastmonth,threeweeksago,in1989,theotherday,justnow,threedayslater等。三)结构:主语+动词的过去式+其它陈述句:1.MymotherlearnedEnglishwellwhenshewasatcollege.2.Ifinishedmyhomeworkjustnow.一般疑问句:1.DidyourmotherlearnEnglishwellwhenshewasatcollege?Yes,shedid./No,shedidn’t.2.Didyoufinishyourhomeworkjustnow?Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.特殊疑问句:1.Whatdidyourmotherlearnwellwhenshewasatcollege?2.Whendidyoufinishyourhomework?考点三一般将来时态一)意义:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。二)标志:tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,soon,inaweek(用howsoon提问),nextweek,atonce,rightnow,inaminute,soon,rightaway三)go,come,leave,arrive,fly,start经常用现在进行时态表示将来。如:IamflyingtoBeijingtomorrow.四)结构:主语+will/begoingto+动词原形+其它。或主语+bedoing+其它。如:陈述句:1.TheywillgotoBeijingtomorrow.2.Myparentsaregoingtogetbackinoneweek.一般疑问句:1.WilltheygotoBeijingtomorrow?Yes,theywill./No,theywon’t.2.Areyourparentsgoingtogetbackinoneweek?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.特殊疑问句:1.Wherewilltheygotomorrow?2.Howsoonareyourparentsgoingtogetback?考点四现在进行时态一)意义:表示此时此刻或现阶段正在发生的动作。二)标志:now,atthemoment,thesedays,Look!Listen!三)结构:主语+bedoing+其它。如:陈述句:1.IamlearningEnglishthisyear.2.Theyarehavinglunchatschoolnow.一般疑问句:4,1.AreyoulearningEnglishthisyear?Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.2.Aretheyhavinglunchatschoolnow?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.特殊疑问句:1.WhenareyoulearningEnglish?2.Wherearetheyhavinglunchnow?考点五过去进行时态一)意义:表示过去正在进行的动作。二)标志:atthattime,atthistimeyesterday,atninelastnight,以及when,while引导的时间状语从句中。如:Whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterday?ShewascookingwhenIcameback.三)结构:陈述句:1.ShewaswatchingTVatthistimeyesterday.2.Weweredancingwhilemymotherwascooking.一般疑问句:特殊疑问句:考点六现在完成时态一)意义:1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。2.表示过去已经开始,延续到现在的动作和状态。二)标志:already,yet,never,just,before,sofar,uptonow,tillnow,bynow,in/duringthepast/lasttwoyears,in/duringthelast/pastthreedays,lately,recently,hardly,hardlyever,thesethreedays,twice(次数),fortwoyears,since1989,sinceshewasborn,sincetwoyearsago,sincethen,eversincethen,howlong三)注意:1.句子中有for+一段时间,或since+一点时间或howlong时,要求其动词用延续性动词。如:join---bein,buy---have,lend---keep,borrow---keep,die---bedead,begin/start---beon,leave---beaway,getacold---haveacold,getlost---belost,finish/end---beover,hearfrom---havealetterfrom说明:go,come,get,turn,become不能延续,由它们构成的词组不能延续。2.havegoneto去了3.havebeento去过句中有次数,用这个词组。4.havebeenin在某处句中有一段时间,用这个词组。5.when,where一般不用现在完成时态,但可以说Wherehasshegone?Wherehasshebeen?6.It’s+一段时间+since+句子(一般过去时态)=Ithasbeen一段时间+since+句子(一般过去时态)=一段时间+haspassedsince+句子(一般过去时态)如:It’stwoyearssincewemetlast.=Ithasbeentwoyearssincewemetlast.=Twoyearshaspassedsincewemetlast.四)结构:主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其它。如:陈述句:1.Ihaveseenittwicealready.2.Ihavebeenhereforonlyafewminutes.一般疑问句:1.Haveyouseenittwicealready?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.4,2.Haveyoubeenhereforonlyafewminutes?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.特殊疑问句:1.Howmanytimeshaveyouseenitalready?2.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?考点七过去完成时态一、意义:表示过去以前发生的动作或存在的状态。二、标志:bethetime+句子(一般过去时态);bytheendof+过去时间点三、句型:主语+had+动词过去分词+其它,或用when,before连接。如:陈述句:1.Therainstormhadpassedbytheendoflastnight.2.WhenIgottotheairport,theplanehadalreadytakenoff.一般疑问句:1.Hadtherainstormpassedbytheendoflastnight?Yes,ithad./No,ithadn’t.2.Hadtheplanealreadytakenoffwhenyougottotheairport?Yes,ithad./No,ithadn’t.特殊疑问句:1.Whenhadtherainstormpassed?2.Whenhadtheplanetakenoffyet?考点八动词的各种构成形式一)动词的第三人称单数1.一般加s;2.以辅音字母加y结尾的,把y变成i加es;study,studies3.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的,加es;reach,wish,watch,push,rush,finish,guess,search,miss,kiss,fix二)动词的过去式过去分词1.一般直接加ed;2.以辅音字母加y结尾的,把y变成i加ed;cry,study,fly,try,copy,reply,worry,marry,fry,carry,empty3.以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后一个字母,加ed;stop,trip,drop,plan,prefer,stopped,tripped,dropped,planned,preferred4.不规则动词:见人教版课本九年级不规则动作表。三)动词的ing形式的构成规则:1.一般加ing。如:eating,sleeping2.以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后一个字母,加ing。如:stopping,preferring,tripping,dropping,fitting,planning,beginning,running,swimming,getting,letting,putting,sitting,stopping,tripping,cutting,hitting,setting,winning,digging,shutting,regretting3.以不发音的e结尾的,去掉e加ing。如:close---closing,take---taking4.特殊单词:tietyingdiedyinglielying4
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