适用于老高考旧教材2024版高考英语二轮复习挑战外刊题组练阅读理解2（附解析）

阅读理解(限时:25分钟)Passage1Seeingthedisappointmentonhisdaughter’sfacebecause,at400pounds,herdadcouldn’tplaywithher,wasthefuelonefatherneededtoturnhislifearoundafter25years.In1994,Murphywasviolentlyattackedbythreemen.Ittookhimsevenmonthstorecoverfromhisinjuries,includingrelearninghowtowalk.“Iusedthatasanexcusetobelazy,”hesaid.“Overtheyears,Iatealotanddrankalotandputonalotofweight.”Overthenexttwodecades,Murphygained200pounds,dranknearlyeverydayandstruggledwithPTSDfromtheattack.“Ihiditforalmost25years.Ilookedlikethehappyguyatthepub.ButIwasdrinkingtoescape,”hesaid.“Andthenshecamealong.”Thebirthofhisdaughter,Chloe,in2014sparkedadesiretoturnhislifearound.Murphywenttoanearbygym.Butjust20minutesaftergettingonatreadmill,heheardtwomenmockinghim,sayingthebackofhisnecklookedlike“apackofsausages”.SeriousanxietyfromhisPTSDmadehimgiveupandgohome.Fouryearslater,in2018,MurphywasleavingaplaygroundwithChloewhensheaskedhimtoraceherhome.“Isaid,‘Sorrysweetie,youknowDadcan’trun,’andthelookofherwasnotjustsadness,butdisappointment.I’llneverforgetit,”Murphysaid.“Thatlitafireinme.”Hestartedboxing,eatinghealthilyandstoppeddrinking.Murphyeventuallylost170poundsandgothisPTSDundercontrol. “Now,weraceallthetime,andshe’ssmilingallthetime,”hesaidofhisdaughter.Almostfiveyearsintohistransformation,MurphysaidChloeremainshismotivationeveryday.“IusedtosometimessitaroundandwonderwhatmypurposewasandwhyIwaskeptaround,”hesaid.“AndthenIlookatherandthat’sprettyclear.”1.Whydidthefathermakeuphismindtoloseweight?A.Thefuelhisdaughtergavehim.B.Failingtoplaywithhisdaughter.C.Adisappointedlookfromhisdaughter.D.Theinconvenienceofbeingoverweight.2.Whatwashedrinkingtoescape?A.Thefactofgaining200pounds.B.Theseeminglyhappyguyatthepub.C.Theattackbythreemen25yearsago.D.PTSD,thediseasehegotaftertheattack.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mocking”meaninparagraph5?A.Makingfunof.　　　B.Layingblameon.C.Findingfaultwith.D.Thinkinghighlyof.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.AmanstruggledwithobesityandPTSDfromanattack.B.AmanwhostruggledwithobesityandPTSDwascured.C.Alookofdisappointmentmotivatedhimtogethealthy.D.Amandriventoloseweightafterdisappointinghisdaughter.Passage2 HomebuyersinterestedinrelocatingtoGeorgetown,Texas,mayhavetheopportunitytoliveinalarge,3D-printedneighborhood.ICON,aconstructiontechcompany,alongwithLennar,ahomeconstructioncompanyandBjarkeIngelsGroup(BIG),anarchitecturecompany,areteaminguptodevelopWolfRanch—a100-home,3D-printedcommunity.“WolfRanchmarksthelargestcommunityofitskindindevelopmentintheworldandinpartnershipwithoneofthelargesthomebuildersinthecountry,Lennar,”DmitriJulius,chiefofspecialprojectsatICON,toldFoxNewsDigital.ThepartnershipbetweenAustin-basedICONandLennar“offersapromisingpathtowardsanalternatemethodofdeliveringtechnology-drivenhomesthatmeettherisingdemandindesirablecommunities,”Juliusadded.PrintingforWolfRanchstartedinthefallof2022—andreservationsforhomesaresettobeginonJune10,2023.TheoverallgoalforWolfRanchisto“getpeopleexcitedthatthefutureofhomebuildingishere,”Juliusalsosaid.ICONanditsteamarebuildingacommunitywithnewinnovativetechnology.“Bycombininginnovativerobotics,softwareandadvancedmaterials,wearecreatingbeautiful,resilienthomesco-designedbyaworld-renownedarchitecturefirm,BIG,thataretechnologicallyadvanced,environmentallysustainableandarchitecturallystriking,”JuliustoldFoxNewsDigital.ThoseatICON,LennarandBIGbelievenowisagoodtimetogetstartedonthisprojectbecauseofAmerica’shousingshortage.“Thisproblemisaproblemofscale(规模)andthesolutionalsohastobeatscale,”Juliussaid.“Inthefuture,webelieverobotsanddroneswillbuildentireneighborhoods,townsandcities,”headded.“WehopetolookbackatLennar’sWolfRanchcommunityastheplacewhereroboticconstructionatalargescalebegan.” GeorgetownisoneofthefastestgrowingsuburbsnorthofAustin,accordingtoJulius,makingitanideallocationtobreakground.WhileICONiscreatingthefirstneighborhoodentirelymadeof3D-printedhomes,thisisn’tthefirsttime3DhomesinAmerica.In2021,HabitatforHumanitypartneredwithAlquisttobuildthefirst-ever3D-printed,habitedhome.1.WhyisWolfRanchtobedeveloped?A.Totryoutnewinnovativehomebuildingtechnology.B.Tomeettherisingdemandinsatisfyinghouses.C.Togetpeopleexcitedaboutthefutureoflife.D.Tosatisfyincreasingneedofgoodneighborhoods.2.WhatcanweknowaboutWolfRanch?A.Twocompaniesareteaminguptodevelopit.B.Itwillbethefirst3D-printedneighborhoodintheworld.C.Itwillbeenvironmentallyfriendlywithcommonstructure.D.Itwasdesignedbyaremarkablearchitecturefirm,ICON.3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph7?A.ThereisaseverehousingshortageintheU.S.B.ItisagoodtimetostartdevelopingWolfRanchnow.C.WolfRanchwillbethelargestcommunityinAmerica.D.Inadequatehousingisacommonproblemoftheworld.4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WolfRanch,YourMostDesirableCommunityB.HoustonWelcomestheCountry’sFirst3D-PrintedHomeC.RobotsandDronesWillBuildEntireNeighborhoodsD.3D-printedTexasNeighborhoodIsGoingUpasHomesPassage3 Growingup,PittsburghnativeJudyBaumgartnersawbigplasticpipesfromindustrialplantsgoingintotheOhioRiver.Thiswasduringthe1960sand1970s,whenindustrialplantsstilldominatedthecity’swaterfront.Pittsburgh’ssteel,coalandotherindustrieshadlongsustainedthelocaleconomy,buttheyalsoreleasedpollutionintothewater.Manyofthoseindustrieshavelargelydisappearednow.BaumgartnerassumedtheOhioRiverwasingoodhealth.Theriverismuchhealthierthanitwas50yearsago.Congresspassedgroundbreakinglegislation,theCleanWaterAct,in1972,whichhelpedtocleanuppollutedwaterwaysliketheOhioRiver.Buttheriver—whichsuppliesdrinkingwaterto5millionpeopleandishometomorethan150speciesoffish—isstillunderthreat,accordingtoareportreleasedthisweekfromtheconservationadvocacyorganizationAmericanRivers.Fornearlyfourdecades,AmericanRivershasbeenidentifyingthemostendangeredriversintheU.S.andcreatesitsannuallist.Thisyear,thereportlists10riversasendangered.AsectionoftheColoradoRiver,whichflowsthroughGrandCanyonNationalPark,isthemostendangeredriverinthecountry.TheColoradoRiversuppliesmillionsofpeoplethroughouttheWestwithwaterfordrinkingandagriculture.Prolongeddroughtworsenedbyclimatechange,however,haslefttheriver’sreservoirsinsecurelylow.Thatmeansthere’slesswatertosendpastGlenCanyonDamandintotheColoradoRiver,whichflowsthroughtheGrandCanyon.JustliketheColoradoRiver,climatechangealsothreatenstheOhioRiver,alongwithlegacypollutionandnewindustrialpollution.Protectingthispreciousresourceisessential.TheorganizationiscallingonCongresstodesignate(指定)theOhioRiverasafederallyprotectedwatersystem,whichwouldhelpfunditsrestoration.ProtectingtheOhioRivershouldbea prioritybecauseitwillbecomeanevenmorecrucialfreshwatersourceasotherpartsofthecountry,liketheWestandSouthwest,strugglewithwaterscarcityanddrought.1.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthestoryofJudyBaumgartner?A.JudythoughttheOhioRiverwasingoodhealthinthepast.B.Industrialfactoriesweremajorcontributorstopollution.C.TheOhioRiverwasseriouslypollutedbutnowit’sbetter.D.Industrialdevelopmenthasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.2.WhatistherootcauseoftheColoradoRiver’sbeingendangered?A.Legacypollution.B.Itsreservoirs’lowlevels.C.Newindustrialpollution.D.Acuteshortageofrainfall.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.TheOhioRiverisimportanttothewholecountry.B.Thewholecountryissufferingfromlackofwater.C.TheOhioRiverisafederallyprotectedwatersystem.D.TherewillbeaspecialfundtorestoretheOhioRiver.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theannuallistofthemostendangeredrivers.B.ProtectingtheOhioRivershouldbeapriority.C.ThereisnodelayinprotectingtheColoradoandOhiorivers.D.TheColoradoandOhioriversareamongthemostendangered.答案：Passage1 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。一名男子在令他4岁的女儿失望后,减掉了170多磅的体重。25年来,他一直与肥胖症和创伤后应激障碍作斗争,直到看到女儿脸上失望的表情,他才下定决心减肥。1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段可知,因为400磅的体重,他不能和女儿一起玩,他看到了女儿脸上的失望,这成了一个父亲要改变的动力。因此C项正确。2.D　细节理解题。根据第四段可知,在接下来的20年里,他体重增加了200磅,几乎每天都喝酒,并因受袭击而患有PTSD。他把它藏了将近25年。虽然看起来就像酒吧里那个快乐的家伙,但喝酒是为了逃避。因此这里逃避的是PTSD这种疾病,因此D项正确。3.A　词义猜测题。根据后面的“sayingthebackofhisnecklookedlike‘apackofsausages’”可知,说他脖子后面看起来像“一包香肠”,显然是在取笑他,因此选A项。4.D　主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了一名男子在遭受暴力袭击之后体重剧增,他不能与女儿一起玩耍让女儿失望。女儿失望的表情让他下决心减肥,并且在他瘦身近五年之后,女儿依然是他的动力。因此D项正确。Passage2[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。在美国,人们对理想社区的需求不断增长,住房短缺成了一个问题。三个各有专长的建筑公司正在合作开发WolfRanch,一个拥有100个家庭的3D打印社区。1.D　细节理解题。从第四段中的“meettherisingdemandindesirablecommunities”可知,开发这种3D社区的目的是满足人们对美好社区的需求,而不是对房子的需求,因此D项正确,B项错误。2.B　细节理解题。从第二段的“ICON,aconstructiontechcompany,alongwithLennar...areteaminguptodevelopWolfRanch”可知,是三家公司联合开发的WolfRanch,因此A项错误;从第二段的“WolfRanch—a100-home,3D-printedcommunity”和最后一段的“thefirstneighborhoodentirelymadeof3D-printedhomes”可知,B项正确。从第六段的“environmentallysustainableandarchitecturallystriking”可知,这种社区环保而且架构上引人注目,因此C项错误;从第六段的“co-designedbyaworld-renownedarchitecturefirm,BIG”可知,D项错误。因此选B项。 3.A　推理判断题。由第七段可知,由于美国的住房短缺,现在是开始这个项目的好时机。由于这是一个规模问题,因此解决方案也必须是从规模上解决,由此可知,美国的住房短缺问题非常严重,因此A项正确。4.D　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了三家公司正在合作开发WolfRanch,一个拥有100个家庭的3D打印社区。因为美国的住房短缺,现在开始这个项目,以此来开辟一个新途径,满足人们对理想社区日益增长的需求。Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科罗拉多河和俄亥俄河成为全美最濒危的河流的主要原因,以及政府可能要采取的措施。1.C　推理判断题。根据第一段可知,在20世纪60年代和70年代,JudyBaumgartner从小就看到工厂的大塑料管向水中排放污染物,那时候,钢铁、煤炭和其他工业长期以来支撑着当地经济。第二段说,现在许多这样的行业基本上消失了,因此他认为俄亥俄河很健康了。由此可知C项正确。2.D　细节理解题。从第六段可知,气候变化导致的长期干旱加剧了科罗拉多河的水库处于不安全的低位,这意味着通过格伦峡谷大坝进入,流经大峡谷的科罗拉多河的水量减少了。因此,河流濒危是由长期干旱造成的,故选D项。3.A　推理判断题。最后一段的第一句承接上段,这里的thispreciousresource指的是俄亥俄河。这句话也是整段的主旨句,意思是保护好这条河至关重要。最后一句说,保护俄亥俄河应该是一个优先事项,因为它将成为更重要的淡水来源,而美国其他地区正与缺水和干旱作斗争。因此A项正确。4.D　主旨大意题。全文介绍了由于气候变化、工业污染等原因,科罗拉多河和俄亥俄河成了全美最濒危的河流。这两条河流是提供饮用水和农业用水的重要淡水来源,因此,政府将会采取措施保护它们。