北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高三英语上学期11月期中考试试卷（Word版附解析）

丰台区2023~2024学年度第一学期期中练习高三英语考生须知：1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、年级、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。4.本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节（其10小题；每小题1.5分，其15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。TheleadroleTravarisalwayslovedsingingandhelandedtheleadroleintheschoolmusical.Hecouldbarelywaittotellhisparentsthe___1___.Butwhenhemadehisannouncementoverdinnertheylookedateachotherandfrowned(皱眉头).“YousaidtheperformanceisintheweekofNovember13?”hisdadasked.Travaris’sheart___2___.Ofcourse,hisoldersisterwasgettingmarriedinHawaiithatweek.“I’msorry,butyou’lljusthavetotellthemthatyoucan’tdoit,”hismomsaid.Thenextdayatschool,Travaris___3___totellMs.Phelps,thetheaterdirector,thatsheshouldgivehisparttosomeoneelsebecausehewouldn’tbeintownduringthe___4___.Butalldayhewasfloodedwith___5___fromhisclassmatesforgettingtheleadrole.Hedidn’thavethehearttotellthemthatitwasallfor___6___intheplay.Travariswasstillstayingafterschooltopracticehispart,readinghislines,singingthesongs,andevenlearningthedancenumbers.Butastheweekswentby,Travarisstartedtofeel___7___.Heknewthatthelongerhe___8___droppingoutoftheplay,themorehewouldhurttherestofthecastandcrew.Finally,TravaristoldMs.Phelpshowhecouldn’tbeinthemusical.Ms.Phelpsthankedhimfortakingthewhole___9___intoaccount.“Butdon’tforgettoaudition(试镜)againnextyear,andthechanceisboundupwith____10____.”sheaddedwithasmile.1.A.lieB.storyC.newsD.truth 2.A.wanderedB.racedC.failedD.sank3.A.plannedB.pretendedC.managedD.forgot4.A.lessonB.performanceC.practiceD.holiday5.A.complaintsB.concernsC.contributionsD.congratulations6.A.nothingB.anythingC.somethingD.everything7.A.courageousB.disappointedC.guiltyD.curious8.A.putoffB.gaveupC.dependedonD.setabout9.A.experienceB.situationC.conversationD.argument10.A.beliefB.confidenceC.independenceD.responsibility第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。DrivingtoPalmSpringstwoyearsago,Imetasnowstorm.Acarsuddenlychangedthedirection___11___(avoid)hittingmineanddrifted(漂移)towardsthesideofthecliff.Meanwhile,somedrivers___12___(sit)indifferentcarsrushedout.They___13___(take)offthechainsthathadprotectedtheirowntyresandputthemonthatcar’styres___14___(rapid).Justasthecarwasabouttobelostoffthecliff,thosedriverssteppedup,lettingtheirkindheartsgobeyondthesnowstorm.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Malevoicesaremuchlowerthanfemalevoices.Thisismainly___15___theyhavethedifferentsizeofvocalfolds(声带).Maleshavelargervocalfoldsthatcreatealowersound,andfemaleshavesmallerones.Apartfromthedifference___16___size,however,theothermajorbiologicaldifferencethateffectsvoicesisthatmalesgenerallyhavealargervocaltract,___17___canfurtherlowerthetone.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST),which___18___(launch)in2021,istofindthefirstobjectsthatformedaftertheBigBangandtostudythefirstBlackHoles,thegrowthofgalaxiesandmore.About100times___19___(strong)thanthecelebratedHubbleSpaceTelescope,JWSTcouldobserveabumblebeeatthe Earth-moondistance,inreflectedsunlightandthermalemission(热排放),anditpromisestorevealmany___20___(wonder)ofouruniverse.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHowcanweusescientificdesigntochangetheworldandtakebettercareofourenvironment?Inthiscourse,youwilllearnaboutournaturalresourcesandexplorerenewableenergythroughproblemsolvinginamulti-scienceclass.____21____Solvinganyproblembeginswithrecognizingit!Butwheredoyoubegin?Inthismulti-scienceclass,youwillinvestigateglobalissuesfacingtheworldtodayandhowpeoplemakechangesintheircommunities.Youwillbothdiscussandputintopracticecreativeandpersuasivewaystoinfluencepolicymakersandcommunityorganizations.Furthermore,youwillcreateyourownpoliticalcommunityattheHarknesstablethatwillinspireyoutolearnbydoing.EnergyandInnovationInthismulti-scienceclass,youwillinvestigatebiological,physical,andchemicalaspectsofEarth’sworkingsystemsandhowtheyrelatetoclimatechange.Itsimpactsarefarreachingandthuswillrequireforwardthinkingandplanning.Yourideasandcreativitywillbeneededtocompareandcontrastthebenefitsandcostsofenergyalternativesaswediscussandproblemsolveourplanet’spathintothefuture.Art:TransformtheWorldInthisstudioclasswewilldevelopourcreativepowers.Drawingonnaturalsciences,wewillengagewithperspectivesoflifeonEarth.Ourmaterialswillbenewspapers,recycledcardboard,andotherthingsthatareoftenthrownaway.Workingwithourhandsandtools,wewilltransformwastesintoobjectsuseful.Inthisclassyouwilldiscoveryourartistictalent,learnaboutform,imageandtechnique,andcooperatetocreatepiecesforthefinalStudentArtExhibit.21.Whichofthefollowingmightbethenameoftheclass?A.PoliticalScienceB.GreenOrganizationsC.GlobalChangesD.PracticalPolicymaker22.InEnergyandInnovation,studentswill____________.A.solvepoliticalproblemsB.makeaplanfortheirfuture C.changetheworldthroughpicturesD.exploretheEarth’sworkingsystem23.Whatdothethreeclasseshaveincommon?A.Theyconductscientificexperiments.B.Theydeveloppersonalinterests.C.Theyneedcreativedesign.D.Theyuserenewableenergy.BBravingtheelementsOnDec.26,Gelinne,60,waslookingoutthebackwindowsofhishomeatthefrozenlake.Thenanairplanecameintohissight.Gelinnelookedupjustintimetoseethatsmallairplaneafewhundredyardsaway,losingcontrol.Astheplanedisappearedbehindthetrees,Gelinne,aformerNavyofficer,realizeditwasgoingtolandinthelake.Heflashedonamomentfrommorethan20yearsearlier:Gelinnewasatworkinabank.Whenafirealarmrang,heescapedfromthechaosbuthasalwayswonderedifhecouldhavestayedinsideandhelped.Onthisday,Gelinnedidn’thesitate.Herandowntothewaterfront.Theplanehadskidded(侧滑)toastoponthebroad,frozenlake,farfromshore.Itwasnowsinking.Thepilotwasstandingonthewing.GelinneknewfromhisNavytrainingthatevenafewminutesintheicywatercouldkillthepilot.Gelinnetestedtheicewithhisfootanddecidednottotakeanychanceswalkingonit.Sohepulledaboatoutfromunderhisbackdeck.Thenhesetoff,pushinghisboatacrosstheice.Itwastoughwork.WhenGelinnereachedtheplane,ithadbrokenthroughtheiceandsunk;onlyitstailwasvisible.Thepilotwasstandingonatailwing,submergeduptohischest,surroundedbyopenwater.Gelinnepushedhisboatofftheiceandintothewater,paddling(划)towardthepilot.Gelinnefocusedonkeepingthepilotcalm,joking,“Justhangontotheboatasifyouwerehuggingyourwife.”Thepilotgrabbedtheboat’sbow,butGelinneknewhehadtogetthepilotoutofthewaterandupontotheshelfofunbrokenicebehindhimbeforethemanlosttoomuchbodyheat.Bynowapoliceofficerhadarrivedandradioedforhelp.Alifeboatappeared,breakingthroughiceasitarrived.Itpickedupthepilotandrushedhimtosafety.LatertheboatreturnedtohelpGelinne,nowextremelytired,toshore.“I’m60yearsold,”Gelinnesays.“TherewasnowayIcouldgethimtoshore.”Still,hewassatisfiedhe’dgonetherightwaythatday. 24.WhydidGelinnerunoutsidewithouthesitation?A.Hehadrescucingexperience.B.Hewantedtoofferhelpintime.C.Heneededmoretimetoprepare.D.Hewasamazedatwhathadhappened.25.HowdidGelinnehelpthepilot?A.Hemadeacalltothepolice.B.Hegotthepilotoutofthewater.C.Heaskedthepilottograspthebow.D.Hepickedupthepilotontotheshore.26.WhatGelinnedidintherescueprovedhimtobe____________.A.generousB.braveC.curiousD.strict27.WhatcanGelinneprobablylearnfromtherescue?A.Thinktwicebeforeaction.B.Onegoodturndeservesanother.C.It’snevertoolatetomakethingsright.D.Oneshouldalwaysbereadytoseizechances.C“Flyinginsectsdon’tflydirectlytolightsfromfarawaybecausethey’reattractedtothembutappeartochangecoursetowardalightiftheyhappentobepassingbyduetoastrangeinbornbiologicalresponse,”writesSamuelFabian,abioengineer,inaresearchpaper.Untilnow,theleadingscientifichypothesishasbeenthatinsectsusethemoon’slighttodirectthewayatnightandmistakeartificiallightsforthemoon.Butthisideadoesn’texplainwhyinsectsthatonlyflyduringthedayalsogatheraroundlights.Tofindoutwhatreallyhappens,Samuel’steamtracktheprecisemovementsofinsectsinthewildaroundlightsusingahigh-speedcamera.Thisrevealedtwonotablebehaviours.First,wheninsectsflyabovelights,theyofteninvert(转向)themselvesandtrytoflyupsidedown,causingthemtofallveryfast.Justafterinsectspassunderalight,theystartdoingaringroad.Astheirclimbanglebecomestoosteep,theysuddenlystopandstarttofall.Second,wheninsectsapproachalightfromtheside,theymaycircleor“orbit”thelight.Thevideosshowthattheinversionssometimesresultininsectsfallingonlights.Itcanappeartothenakedeyeasthoughtheyareflyingatthelights.“Instead,insectsturntheirdorsumtowardthelight,generatingflightperpendicular(垂直)tothesource,”theteamwrite.Itiscommontothetwobehavioursthattheinsectsarekeepingtheirbackstothelight,knownasthedorsallightresponse(DLR).ThisDLRisashortcutforinsectstoworkoutwhichwayisupandkeeptheirbodiesupright,asthemoonorsunisusuallymoreorlessdirectlyabovethem,andthisdirectionallowsthemtomaintainproperflightattitudeandcontrol.Theyalsofindthattheinsectsflyatright anglestoalightsource,leadingtoorbitingandunstableflightsasthelight’slocationrelativetothemchangesastheymove.Samuel’steamsuggestthatapossibleoutcomeoftheresearchcouldhelptheconstructionindustrytoavoidthetypesoflightthatmostattractinsects.28.Whatdoestheresearchfocuson?A.Whyinsectsgatheraroundlights.B.Whereartificiallightsleadinsectsto.C.Whatbiologicalresponseinsectsarebornwith.D.Howtodesignenvironmentfriendlyartificiallights.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutinsectsfromthevideosoftheirmovements?A.Theyflydirectlytolights.B.Theycircleclosetolights.C.Theirflyingspeedissteady.D.Theirinversionscanbecontrolled.30.DLRmakesinsects____________.A.balancetheirflyingB.keeptheirroutestraightC.decidetheirbodypositonD.shortentheirflightdistanceDWehumansareintrouble.Wehaveletlooseanewevolutionaryprocessthatwedon’tunderstandandcan’tcontrol.Thelatestleapsforwardinartificialintelligence(AI)arerightlycausinganxiety.YetpeoplearerespondingasthoughAIisjustonemorescarynewtechnology,likeelectricityorcarsoncewere.Weinventedit,theargumentgoes,soweshouldbeabletomanageitforourownbenefit.Notso.Ibelievethatthissituationisnewandpotentiallydangerous.Mythinkingstartsfromthepremisethatalldesignanywhereintheuniverseiscreatedbytheevolutionaryalgorithm(算法).Thisistheprocessinwhichsomekindofinformationiscopiedmanytimes,thecopiesvaryslightlyandonlysomeareselectedtobecopiedagain.Theinformationiscalledthereplicator(复制者),andourmostfamiliarexampleisthegene.Butgenesaren’ttheonlyreplicator,asRichardDawkinsstressedinTheSelfishGene.Peoplecopyhabits,stories,words,technologiesandsongs;wechange,recombineandpassthemoninevergreatervariety.Thissecondreplicator,evolvingmuchfasterthangenesevercould,Dawkinscalledmemes(模仿传递行为)—andtheyareselfishtoo.AswefaceuptotherecentexplosioninAI,newquestionsarise.Couldathirdreplicatortakeadvantageofthe firsttwo?Andwhatwouldhappenifitdid?Forbillionsofyears,alloftheEarth’sorganismsweregenemachines,until,about2millionyearsago,justonespecies—ourancestors—startedimitatingsounds,gesturesandwaysofprocessingfood.Theyhadletlooseasecondreplicatorandturnedusintomememachines.Followingthesameprinciple,couldathirdreplicatorappearifsomeobjectwemadestartedcopying,varyingandselectinganewkindofinformation?Itcould,andIbelieveithas.Ourdigitaltechnologycancopy,storeandspreadvastamountsofinformationwithnear-perfectaccuracy.Whilewehadmostlybeentheonesselectingwhattocopyandshare,thatischangingnow.Mindlessalgorithmschoosewhichadsweseeandwhichnewsstoriesthey“think”wewouldlike.Onceadigitalreplicatortakesoff,itsproductswillevolveforitsownbenefit,notours.Allisnotlost,though.Wealreadycopewithfast-evolvingparasitessuchasvirusesbyusingourimmunesystems,machinesandvaccines.Now,weneedtobuildourcollectivementalimmunity,ourcriticalthinkingandourabilitytoprotectourattentionfromallthatselfishinformation.Takinglessonsfromevolution,wecanstopimaginingwearethecontrollersofouraccidentallydangerousoffspringandstartlearninghowtolivewiththem.31.Asforpeople’sattitudetowardAI,theauthoris____________.A.disapprovingB.unconcernedC.sympatheticD.tolerant32.Accordingtothepassage,RichardDawkinsmayagreethat____________.A.memesarecomposedofselfishgenesB.thespeedofevolutionisunderestimatedC.replicatorsvarywithhumaninterferenceD.memesandgenesshareacommonfeature33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Technologiescanbedouble-edged.B.Collectiveeffortsmakeabetterworld.C.Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature.D.Pastexperienceisrelevanttofutureaction.34.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thepaceoftechnologicalprogressisunstoppable.B.Theinitiativeofalgorithmshouldbestrengthened.C.Thenewevolutioncanbringaboutnegativeeffects.D.Theartificialintelligencecansatisfyourrealdesires.第二节（其5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。AllthefeelsYoucanmakeyourpicturebookmemorablebyconcentratingonemotionalconnection.Thisworksacrosseveryprincipleofwriting,regardlessofagerangeorgenre(文体),becauseitisuniversallyrecognized.___35___Thereasonwhyemotionalconnectionworksisthatemotionisafundamentalhumanexperience.___36___Italsobringsustogetherandremindsusthatalthoughwehavedifferences,peoplearefundamentallythesame.Bybringingemotionintoyourstory,youtapintothatconsciousness.Thestoryfeelsmorerealtous.Itisconsistentwithus,andasaresult,wehavearicherreadingexperience.___37___Thisisusefulforyourpicturebookwriting,suchaschoosingvocabularytouseoradoptingasuitablelinguisticstyle.Onceyouknowthegenreofabook,youcanthinkaboutthekindofemotionalstorytellingareaderwouldexpectfromthisgenre.Forexample,ifit’safunnypicturebook,yourreaderisclearlyexpectingtolaugh.Makesuretheylaugh.Ifit’sanadventurestory,yourreaderwillbeexpectingtofeelexcitement,anticipationandprobablyalittlemildfear.Ifit’saheartwarmingstory,yourreaderexpectstofeelwarm,comfortedandoverflowingwithlove.___38___Anotherreasonforincludingemotioninyourpicturebookistoreallygetyourreaderinsideyourcharacter’shead.Firstly,ithelpsbuildontheyoungreader’semotionaldevelopmentandunderstandingofselfandothers.___39___Aswellascaringaboutcharacter,anemotion-filledpicturebookthereforekeepsusonourtoes.Ifyouwantyourstorytostandoutamongstotherstories,giveyourreadersomethingtoremember—astrongemotionalconnection.A.Secondly,itcreatesinterestinthecharacter.B.Ithelpsusmakesenseoftheworldaroundus.C.Anemotionalendinginapicturebookworkswell.D.Whenwefeelsomething,wewillhavesharpminds.E.Thisisobviouslynotacompletelist,butitisastartingpoint.F.Hereiswhyitworksandhowyoucanuseitinyourpicturebookwriting.G.Picturebookshavemanydifferentgenresandyourjobistoknowwhichgenreyourstorysitsin.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节（其4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，其12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。阅读表达UpgradeyourproblemsIn2017,Ispentallmymoneybuyingmyfirstflat——whichmeantIhadnomoneytofixmyfirst homeowner’sproblem.IwassleepingonanairmattressbecauseIcouldn’taffordfurniture.ThenInoticedaleakypipeunderthebath,whichcreatedawetpuddle(水坑).Icouldn’taffordaplumber(水管工)butIdidn’twanttointroducemyselftotheneighbourbycrashingthroughtheirwetceiling.TheonlyoptionleftformewasthatIhadtosolvetheproblemonmyown.Itookthebustoanearbystoreandtalkedwiththeniceguybehindthecounter.Heexplainedhowtofixitandsoldmeapipecutterandabitofpipework.Iwentbackhome,pushedmyheadunderthebath,andgotthejobdone.Ittaughtmealessonthathassincebecomeabitofmottoforme:Upgradeyourproblems.Havingawetbathroomfloorisaproblem—andthedaybeforeIboughttheplace,Iwouldhavehadalandlordtocall.Butoncetheplacewasmine,thisbecamemyproblem.Isawthisasprogress:Youmustownyourownpropertytotakecareofthissortofsituation.Yearslater,whenIfoundedmyprofessionalservicescompanywithmybusinesspartner,Adam,thismottobecamecoretohowweapproachthebusiness.Therehavebeenmanyproblems,andtherewillcontinuetobenewones.However,werememberthereasonwehavetheseproblems—it’sbecausewerunourownbusiness!Alate-payingcustomerisaproblem,butit’soneweencounteronlyifwehavepayingcustomers.ThatiswhyIstillkeepthepipecutteronmydesktoday.Itremindsmethat,nomattermyleveloffrustration(挫败),IamfortunatetofacetheproblemsIdo.ThemoreIsolvethem,themoreIupgradetoevenbetterones.40.Whatdidtheauthornoticeinhisfirstflat?_______________________________________________________________________________________________41.Howdidtheauthorsolvehisproblemwiththebath?_______________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatementthenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Theauthorstillkeepsthepipecutteronhisdesktodaybecauseitremindshimofhissuccessinbusiness_______________________________________________________________________________________________43Whatelsewouldyoudowhenyouencounterproblemsinlife?(Inabout40words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________第二节 44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校将开展以“用英文讲中国故事”为主题的交流活动。请你给英国交换生Ryan写一封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：1.告知活动安排；2.发出邀请。注意:1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearRyan,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua 丰台区2023~2024学年度第一学期期中练习高三英语考生须知：1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、年级、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。4.本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节（其10小题；每小题1.5分，其15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。TheleadroleTravarisalwayslovedsingingandhelandedtheleadroleintheschoolmusical.Hecouldbarelywaittotellhisparentsthe___1___.Butwhenhemadehisannouncementoverdinner,theylookedateachotherandfrowned(皱眉头).“YousaidtheperformanceisintheweekofNovember13?”hisdadasked.Travaris’sheart___2___.Ofcourse,hisoldersisterwasgettingmarriedinHawaiithatweek.“I’msorry,butyou’lljusthavetotellthemthatyoucan’tdoit,”hismomsaid.Thenextdayatschool,Travaris___3___totellMs.Phelps,thetheaterdirector,thatsheshouldgivehisparttosomeoneelsebecausehewouldn’tbeintownduringthe___4___.Butalldayhewasfloodedwith___5___fromhisclassmatesforgettingtheleadrole.Hedidn’thavethehearttotellthemthatitwasallfor___6___intheplay.Travariswasstillstayingafterschooltopracticehispart,readinghislines,singingthesongs,andevenlearningthedancenumbers.Butastheweekswentby,Travarisstartedtofeel___7___.Heknewthatthelongerhe___8___droppingoutoftheplay,themorehewouldhurttherestofthecastandcrew.Finally,TravaristoldMs.Phelpshowhecouldn’tbeinthemusical.Ms.Phelpsthankedhimfortakingthewhole___9___intoaccount.“Butdon’tforgettoaudition(试镜)againnextyear,andthechanceisboundupwith____10____.”sheaddedwithasmile.1.A.lieB.storyC.newsD.truth 2.A.wanderedB.racedC.failedD.sank3.A.plannedB.pretendedC.managedD.forgot4.A.lessonB.performanceC.practiceD.holiday5.A.complaintsB.concernsC.contributionsD.congratulations6.A.nothingB.anythingC.somethingD.everything7.A.courageousB.disappointedC.guiltyD.curious8.A.putoffB.gaveupC.dependedonD.setabout9.A.experienceB.situationC.conversationD.argument10.A.beliefB.confidenceC.independenceD.responsibility【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B5.D6.A7.C8.A9.B10.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Travaris在学校音乐剧中被选中担任主角，非常高兴，但是演出时间正赶上姐姐那天结婚，他不得不辞去主角的任务，由于虚荣心，他不想把不能参加演出的事情说出去，后来经过几周的心理斗争，他感到愧疚，终于告诉戏剧导演他不能参加这次音乐剧的故事。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他迫不及待地想把这个消息告诉父母。A.lie谎话；B.story故事；C.news消息；D.truth事实。根据语境和前文“helandedtheleadroleintheschoolmusical”可知，Travaris在学校音乐剧中担任主角，他想把这个消息告诉父母。故选C项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Travaris的心一沉。A.wandered漫游；B.raced赛跑；C.failed失败；D.sank下沉。根据后文“Ofcourse,hisoldersisterwasgettingmarriedinHawaiithatweek.“I’msorry,butyou’lljusthavetotellthemthatyoucan’tdoit,”hismomsaid.”可知，因为正好在演出那周他姐姐要在夏威夷结婚，时间冲突了，所以Travaris的心一沉。故选D项。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天在学校，Travaris打算告诉戏剧导演老师Phelps女士，她应该把他的角色给别人，因为演出期间他不会在城里。A.planned计划，打算；B.pretended假装；C.managed管理；D.forgot忘记。根据后文“thatsheshouldgivehisparttosomeoneelsebecausehewouldn’tbeintownduringthe___4___”及“Hedidn’thavethehearttotellthemthatitwasallfor___6___intheplay.”可知，Travaris打算把这事告诉导演老师，但由于虚荣心，又不愿意说。故选A项。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.lesson课；B.performance表演，演出；C.practice练习；D.holiday假 期。根据前文分析并结合后文“sheshouldgivehisparttosomeoneelse”可知，演出和姐姐结婚时间冲突了，所以演出期间Travaris不在城里，要去参加姐姐婚礼。故选B项。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但一整天，他都被同学们铺天盖地的祝贺声淹没了，因为他得到了主角。A.complaints抱怨；B.concerns关心；C.contributions贡献；D.congratulations祝贺。根据后文“forgettingtheleadrole”可知，因为Travaris得到了主角，同学们都祝贺他。故选D项。【6题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：他不忍心告诉他们这出戏对他已是毫无意义了。A.nothing什么都没有；B.anything任何事；C.something某事；D.everything每件事。根据前文“becausehewouldn’tbeintownduringthe___4___”可知，因为演出期间Travaris不会在城里，所以这出戏对他已是毫无意义了。故选A项。【7题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但几周过去了，Travaris开始感到内疚。A.courageous有勇气的；B.disappointed失望的；C.guilt内疚的；D.curious好奇的。根据前文分析并结合前文“becausehewouldn’tbeintownduringthe___4___”可知，演出期间Travaris不在城里，他无法参加演出，但没有告诉导演，所以他感到内疚。故选C项。【8题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他知道，他拖得越久，就越会伤害其他演员和工作人员。A.putoff推迟，拖；B.gaveup放弃；C.dependedon依靠；D.setabout着手，开始。根据常识和后文“droppingoutoftheplay,themorehewouldhurttherestofthecastandcrew”可知，如果Travaris不把实情告诉导演，拖得越久，就会更加伤害其他演员和工作人员。故选A项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Phelps女士感谢他考虑到了全局。A.experience经历；B.situation情况；C.conversation对话；D.argument争论。根据前文“TravaristoldMs.Phelpshowhecouldn’tbeinthemusical.”可知，Travaris告诉导演，他不能出演这部音乐剧，导演感谢他考虑到了整个演出安排情况。故选B项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但别忘了明年再来试镜，机会与信念息息相关。A.belief信念；B.confidence自信；C.independence独立；D.responsibility责任。根据前文“Finally,TravaristoldMs.Phelpshowhecouldn’tbeinthemusical.”可知，Travaris诚实地告诉导演实情，以便导演更好的安排演出，而导演赞扬他顾全大局的诚实品质，答应明年再给他机会，并且说，“机会和他诚实的信念是相关的”。故选A项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。DrivingtoPalmSpringstwoyearsago,Imetasnowstorm.Acarsuddenlychangedthedirection___11___(avoid)hittingmineanddrifted(漂移)towardsthesideofthecliff.Meanwhile,somedrivers___12___(sit)indifferentcarsrushedout.They___13___(take)offthechainsthathadprotectedtheirowntyresandputthemonthatcar’styres___14___(rapid).Justasthecarwasabouttobelostoffthecliff,thosedriverssteppedup,lettingtheirkindheartsgobeyondthesnowstorm.【答案】11.toavoid12.sitting13.took14.rapidly【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者开车去棕榈泉的途中，有车陷入困境，大家齐心帮忙的故事。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一辆汽车突然改变方向以避免撞上我的车，并向悬崖边漂移。动词avoid意为“避免”，分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为changed，故本空作非谓语动词，结合语意，汽车突然改变方向是为了避免撞上作者的车，空处应填不定式形式toavoid，作目的状语。故答案为toavoid。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，一些坐在不同车里的司机冲了出来。动词sit意为“坐”，分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为rushedout，故本空作非谓语动词，sit与逻辑主语drivers之间是主动关系，应填现在分词sitting，作定语，修饰名词drivers。故答案为sitting。【13题详解】考查时态。句意：他们摘下保护自己轮胎的链条，迅速把它们放在那辆汽车轮胎上。结合句意和空后的hadprotected可知，事情发生在过去，故主句用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式took。故答案为took。【14题详解】考查副词。句意：他们摘下保护自己轮胎的链条，迅速把它们放在那辆汽车轮胎上。分析句子结构可知，本空填副词rapidly“迅速地”，作状语，修饰动词put。故答案为rapidly。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Malevoicesaremuchlowerthanfemalevoices.Thisismainly___15___theyhavethedifferentsizeofvocal folds(声带).Maleshavelargervocalfoldsthatcreatealowersound,andfemaleshavesmallerones.Apartfromthedifference___16___size,however,theothermajorbiologicaldifferencethateffectsvoicesisthatmalesgenerallyhavealargervocaltract,___17___canfurtherlowerthetone.【答案】15.because16.in17.which【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了男声比女声低沉的主要原因。【15题详解】考查表语从句。句意：这主要是因为它们的声带大小不同。“theyhavethedifferentsizeofvocalfolds(声带)”是表语从句，说明了男声比女声低沉的原因，用连接词because引导该表语从句；thisisbecause...“这是因为……”。故填because。【16题详解】考查介词。句意：然而，除了大小的差异，影响声音的另一个主要生物学差异是男性通常有更大的声道，这可以进一步降低音调。differencein...是固定搭配，意为“在……方面的差异”。故填in。【17题详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而，除了大小的差异，影响声音的另一个主要生物学差异是男性通常有更大的声道，这可以进一步降低音调。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词alargervocaltract，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST),which___18___(launch)in2021,istofindthefirstobjectsthatformedaftertheBigBangandtostudythefirstBlackHoles,thegrowthofgalaxiesandmore.About100times___19___(strong)thanthecelebratedHubbleSpaceTelescope,JWSTcouldobserveabumblebeeattheEarth-moondistance,inreflectedsunlightandthermalemission(热排放),anditpromisestorevealmany___20___(wonder)ofouruniverse.【答案】18.waslaunched19.stronger20.wonders【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜。【18题详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜(JWST)于2021年发射升空，旨在寻找大爆炸后形成的第一批物体，并研究第一批黑洞、星系的成长等。分析句子可知，launch(发射)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语which(即先行词TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope)之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语in2021，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语是专有名词，谓语动词应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was。故填waslaunched。【19题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：JWST的强度大约是著名的哈勃太空望远镜的100倍，它可以通过反射的阳光和热辐射在地月距离上观察一只大黄蜂，它有望揭示我们宇宙的许多奇迹。结合句意和空格后介词than可知，句中使用了比较级，用形容词比较级stronger。故填stronger。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：JWST的强度大约是著名的哈勃太空望远镜的100倍，它可以通过反射的阳光和热辐射在地月距离上观察一只大黄蜂，它有望揭示我们宇宙的许多奇迹。可数名词wonder作宾语，有限定词many修饰，用复数形式wonders。故填wonders。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHowcanweusescientificdesigntochangetheworldandtakebettercareofourenvironment?Inthiscourse,youwilllearnaboutournaturalresourcesandexplorerenewableenergythroughproblemsolvinginamulti-scienceclass.____21____Solvinganyproblembeginswithrecognizingit!Butwheredoyoubegin?Inthismulti-scienceclass,youwillinvestigateglobalissuesfacingtheworldtodayandhowpeoplemakechangesintheircommunities.Youwillbothdiscussandputintopracticecreativeandpersuasivewaystoinfluencepolicymakersandcommunityorganizations.Furthermore,youwillcreateyourownpoliticalcommunityattheHarknesstablethatwillinspireyoutolearnbydoing.EnergyandInnovationInthismulti-scienceclass,youwillinvestigatebiological,physical,andchemicalaspectsofEarth’sworkingsystemsandhowtheyrelatetoclimatechange.Itsimpactsarefarreachingandthuswillrequireforwardthinking andplanning.Yourideasandcreativitywillbeneededtocompareandcontrastthebenefitsandcostsofenergyalternativesaswediscussandproblemsolveourplanet’spathintothefuture.Art:TransformtheWorldInthisstudioclasswewilldevelopourcreativepowers.Drawingonnaturalsciences,wewillengagewithperspectivesoflifeonEarth.Ourmaterialswillbenewspapers,recycledcardboard,andotherthingsthatareoftenthrownaway.Workingwithourhandsandtools,wewilltransformwastesintoobjectsuseful.Inthisclassyouwilldiscoveryourartistictalent,learnaboutform,imageandtechnique,andcooperatetocreatepiecesforthefinalStudentArtExhibit.21.Whichofthefollowingmightbethenameoftheclass?A.PoliticalScienceB.GreenOrganizationsC.GlobalChangesD.PracticalPolicymaker22.InEnergyandInnovation,studentswill____________.A.solvepoliticalproblemsB.makeaplanfortheirfutureC.changetheworldthroughpicturesD.exploretheEarth’sworkingsystem23.Whatdothethreeclasseshaveincommon?A.Theyconductscientificexperiments.B.Theydeveloppersonalinterests.C.Theyneedcreativedesign.D.Theyuserenewableenergy.【答案】21.A22.D23.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种课程体系的具体情况。【21题详解】推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Youwillbothdiscussandputintopracticecreativeandpersuasivewaystoinfluencepolicymakersandcommunityorganizations.Furthermore,youwillcreateyourownpoliticalcommunityattheHarknesstablethatwillinspireyoutolearnbydoing.(你们将讨论并实践创造性和有说服力的方式来影响决策者和社区组织。此外，你将在哈克内斯会议桌上创建自己的政治社区，这将激励你在实践中学习。)”可知，在这项课程中，学生将研究与政治相关事宜，故这是政治学。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Inthismulti-scienceclass,youwillinvestigatebiological,physical,andchemicalaspectsofEarth’sworkingsystemsandhowtheyrelatetoclimatechange.(在这堂多学科课程中，你将 研究地球工作系统的生物、物理和化学方面，以及它们与气候变化的关系。)”可知，在能源与创新课程中，学生将探索地球的工作系统。故选D。【23题详解】推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Youwillbothdiscussandputintopracticecreativeandpersuasivewaystoinfluencepolicymakersandcommunityorganizations.(你们将讨论并实践影响决策者和社区组织的创造性和有说服力的方法。)”和文章第三段中“Yourideasandcreativitywillbeneededtocompareandcontrastthebenefitsandcostsofenergyalternativesaswediscussandproblemsolveourplanet’spathintothefuture.(在我们讨论和解决我们星球通往未来的道路时，需要你的想法和创造力来比较和对比能源替代品的好处和成本。)”,以及文章第四段中“Inthisstudioclasswewilldevelopourcreativepowers.(在这堂工作室课上，我们将发展我们的创造力。)”可知，这三个班都需要学生有创意的设计。故选C。BBravingtheelementsOnDec.26,Gelinne,60,waslookingoutthebackwindowsofhishomeatthefrozenlake.Thenanairplanecameintohissight.Gelinnelookedupjustintimetoseethatsmallairplaneafewhundredyardsaway,losingcontrol.Astheplanedisappearedbehindthetrees,Gelinne,aformerNavyofficer,realizeditwasgoingtolandinthelake.Heflashedonamomentfrommorethan20yearsearlier:Gelinnewasatworkinabank.Whenafirealarmrang,heescapedfromthechaosbuthasalwayswonderedifhecouldhavestayedinsideandhelped.Onthisday,Gelinnedidn’thesitate.Herandowntothewaterfront.Theplanehadskidded(侧滑)toastoponthebroad,frozenlake,farfromshore.Itwasnowsinking.Thepilotwasstandingonthewing.GelinneknewfromhisNavytrainingthatevenafewminutesintheicywatercouldkillthepilot.Gelinnetestedtheicewithhisfootanddecidednottotakeanychanceswalkingonit.Sohepulledaboatoutfromunderhisbackdeck.Thenhesetoff,pushinghisboatacrosstheice.Itwastoughwork.WhenGelinnereachedtheplane,ithadbrokenthroughtheiceandsunk;onlyitstailwasvisible.Thepilotwasstandingonatailwing,submergeduptohischest,surroundedbyopenwater.Gelinnepushedhisboatofftheiceandintothewater,paddling(划)towardthepilot.Gelinnefocusedonkeepingthepilotcalm,joking,“Justhangontotheboatasifyouwerehuggingyourwife.”Thepilotgrabbedtheboat’sbow,butGelinneknewhehadtogetthepilotoutofthewaterandupontotheshelfofunbrokenicebehindhimbeforethemanlosttoomuchbodyheat.Bynowapoliceofficerhadarrivedandradioedforhelp.Alifeboatappeared,breakingthroughiceasit arrived.Itpickedupthepilotandrushedhimtosafety.LatertheboatreturnedtohelpGelinne,nowextremelytired,toshore.“I’m60yearsold,”Gelinnesays.“TherewasnowayIcouldgethimtoshore.”Still,hewassatisfiedhe’dgonetherightwaythatday.24.WhydidGelinnerunoutsidewithouthesitation?A.Hehadrescucingexperience.B.Hewantedtoofferhelpintime.C.Heneededmoretimetoprepare.D.Hewasamazedatwhathadhappened.25.HowdidGelinnehelpthepilot?A.Hemadeacalltothepolice.B.Hegotthepilotoutofthewater.C.Heaskedthepilottograspthebow.D.Hepickedupthepilotontotheshore.26.WhatGelinnedidintherescueprovedhimtobe____________.A.generousB.braveC.curiousD.strict27.WhatcanGelinneprobablylearnfromtherescue?A.Thinktwicebeforeaction.B.Onegoodturndeservesanother.C.It’snevertoolatetomakethingsright.D.Oneshouldalwaysbereadytoseizechances.【答案】24.B25.B26.B27.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了60岁的男子Gelinne在看到一架小飞机失控即将坠入湖中时，毫不犹豫地前去救援的故事。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Onthisday,Gelinnedidn’thesitate.(这一天，杰琳没有犹豫。)”和第四段中“Gelinnetestedtheicewithhisfootanddecidednottotakeanychanceswalkingonit.Sohepulledaboatoutfromunderhisbackdeck.(Gelinne用脚试了试冰面，决定不冒险在上面走。于是他从后甲板下拉出一条船。)”可推知，Gelinne毫不犹豫地跑出去是为了及时提供救援。故选B项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段中“Gelinnefocusedonkeepingthepilotcalm,joking,“Justhangontotheboatasifyouwerehuggingyourwife.”Thepilotgrabbedtheboat’sbow,butGelinneknewhehadtogetthepilotoutofthewaterandupontotheshelfofunbrokenicebehindhimbeforethemanlosttoomuchbodyheat.(Gelinne专注于让领航员保持冷静，他开玩笑说：“只要抓住船，就像你在拥抱你的妻子一样。”飞行员抓住船头，但Gelinne知 道，他必须在飞行员失去太多体温之前，把他从水里救出来，爬到他身后未碎的冰架上。)”可知，Gelinne把飞行员从水里救了出来。故选B项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Onthisday,Gelinnedidn’thesitate.Herandowntothewaterfront.(这一天，Gelinne没有犹豫。他跑到水边。)”、第五段中“Thenhesetoff,pushinghisboatacrosstheice.Itwastoughwork.(然后他出发了，推着他的船穿过冰面。这是一项艰苦的工作。)”和倒数第二段中“LatertheboatreturnedtohelpGelinne,nowextremelytired,toshore.(过了一会儿，小船又回来了，帮助此时极度疲惫的Gelinne上岸。)”可知，60岁的Gelinne不顾安危，毫不犹豫地去拯救掉到湖里的飞行员，说明他非常勇敢。故选B项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Heflashedonamomentfrommorethan20yearsearlier:Gelinnewasatworkinabank.Whenafirealarmrang,heescapedfromthechaosbuthasalwayswonderedifhecouldhavestayedinsideandhelped.(他突然想起了20多年前的一幕：杰琳在一家银行工作。当火灾警报响起时，他从混乱中逃了出来，但他一直在想自己是否能留在屋里帮忙。)”可知，Gelinne一直为20多年前的行为感到懊悔，结合最后一段中“Still,hewassatisfiedhe’dgonetherightwaythatday.(尽管如此，他还是很满意自己那天做出了正确的选择。)”可推知，Gelinne这次做出了正确的选择，弥补了过去的遗憾。由此推知，从这次救援中，Gelinne明白了：亡羊补牢，为时未晚。故选C项。C“Flyinginsectsdon’tflydirectlytolightsfromfarawaybecausethey’reattractedtothem,butappeartochangecoursetowardalightiftheyhappentobepassingbyduetoastrangeinbornbiologicalresponse,”writesSamuelFabian,abioengineer,inaresearchpaper.Untilnow,theleadingscientifichypothesishasbeenthatinsectsusethemoon’slighttodirectthewayatnightandmistakeartificiallightsforthemoon.Butthisideadoesn’texplainwhyinsectsthatonlyflyduringthedayalsogatheraroundlights.Tofindoutwhatreallyhappens,Samuel’steamtracktheprecisemovementsofinsectsinthewildaroundlightsusingahigh-speedcamera.Thisrevealedtwonotablebehaviours.First,wheninsectsflyabovelights,theyofteninvert(转向)themselvesandtrytoflyupsidedown,causingthemtofallveryfast.Justafterinsectspassunderalight,theystartdoingaringroad.Astheirclimbanglebecomestoosteep,theysuddenlystopandstarttofall.Second,wheninsectsapproachalightfromtheside,theymaycircleor“orbit”thelight.Thevideosshowthattheinversionssometimesresultininsectsfallingonlights.Itcanappeartothenakedeyeasthoughtheyareflyingatthelights.“Instead,insectsturntheirdorsumtowardthelight,generatingflightperpendicular(垂直)tothesource,”theteamwrite.Itiscommontothetwobehavioursthattheinsectsarekeeping theirbackstothelight,knownasthedorsallightresponse(DLR).ThisDLRisashortcutforinsectstoworkoutwhichwayisupandkeeptheirbodiesupright,asthemoonorsunisusuallymoreorlessdirectlyabovethem,andthisdirectionallowsthemtomaintainproperflightattitudeandcontrol.Theyalsofindthattheinsectsflyatrightanglestoalightsource,leadingtoorbitingandunstableflightsasthelight’slocationrelativetothemchangesastheymove.Samuel’steamsuggestthatapossibleoutcomeoftheresearchcouldhelptheconstructionindustrytoavoidthetypesoflightthatmostattractinsects.28.Whatdoestheresearchfocuson?A.Whyinsectsgatheraroundlights.B.Whereartificiallightsleadinsectsto.C.Whatbiologicalresponseinsectsarebornwith.D.Howtodesignenvironmentfriendlyartificiallights.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutinsectsfromthevideosoftheirmovements?A.Theyflydirectlytolights.B.Theycircleclosetolights.C.Theirflyingspeedissteady.D.Theirinversionscanbecontrolled.30.DLRmakesinsects____________.A.balancetheirflyingB.keeptheirroutestraightC.decidetheirbodypositonD.shortentheirflightdistance【答案】28.D29.D30.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项对昆虫趋光的研究，旨在帮助建筑行业避免那些最容易吸引昆虫的光线。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Samuel’steamsuggestthatapossibleoutcomeoftheresearchcouldhelptheconstructionindustrytoavoidthetypesoflightthatmostattractinsects.(塞缪尔的研究小组认为，这项研究的一个可能结果是，它可以帮助建筑行业避免那些最容易吸引昆虫的光线。)”可知，研究专注于如何设计环保型人工光源。故选D项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“First,wheninsectsflyabovelights,theyofteninvert(转向)themselvesandtrytoflyupsidedown,causingthemtofallveryfast.(首先，当昆虫在灯光上方飞行时，它们通常会把自己倒过来，试图倒过来飞行，这导致它们坠落得非常快。)”可知，它们的倒置是可以控制的。故选D项。 【30题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ThisDLRisashortcutforinsectstoworkoutwhichwayisupandkeeptheirbodiesupright,asthemoonorsunisusuallymoreorlessdirectlyabovethem,andthisdirectionallowsthemtomaintainproperflightattitudeandcontrol.(这种DLR是昆虫找出向上方向并保持身体直立的捷径，因为月亮或太阳通常或多或少在它们的正上方，这个方向使它们能够保持适当的飞行姿态和控制。)”可知，DLR使昆虫决定它们的身体姿势。故选C项。DWehumansareintrouble.Wehaveletlooseanewevolutionaryprocessthatwedon’tunderstandandcan’tcontrol.Thelatestleapsforwardinartificialintelligence(AI)arerightlycausinganxiety.YetpeoplearerespondingasthoughAIisjustonemorescarynewtechnology,likeelectricityorcarsoncewere.Weinventedit,theargumentgoes,soweshouldbeabletomanageitforourownbenefit.Notso.Ibelievethatthissituationisnewandpotentiallydangerous.Mythinkingstartsfromthepremisethatalldesignanywhereintheuniverseiscreatedbytheevolutionaryalgorithm(算法).Thisistheprocessinwhichsomekindofinformationiscopiedmanytimes,thecopiesvaryslightlyandonlysomeareselectedtobecopiedagain.Theinformationiscalledthereplicator(复制者),andourmostfamiliarexampleisthegene.Butgenesaren’ttheonlyreplicator,asRichardDawkinsstressedinTheSelfishGene.Peoplecopyhabits,stories,words,technologiesandsongs;wechange,recombineandpassthemoninevergreatervariety.Thissecondreplicator,evolvingmuchfasterthangenesevercould,Dawkinscalledmemes(模仿传递行为)—andtheyareselfishtoo.AswefaceuptotherecentexplosioninAI,newquestionsarise.Couldathirdreplicatortakeadvantageofthefirsttwo?Andwhatwouldhappenifitdid?Forbillionsofyears,alloftheEarth’sorganismsweregenemachines,until,about2millionyearsago,justonespecies—ourancestors—startedimitatingsounds,gesturesandwaysofprocessingfood.Theyhadletlooseasecondreplicatorandturnedusintomememachines.Followingthesameprinciple,couldathirdreplicatorappearifsomeobjectwemadestartedcopying,varyingandselectinganewkindofinformation?Itcould,andIbelieveithas.Ourdigitaltechnologycancopy,storeandspreadvastamountsofinformationwithnear-perfectaccuracy.Whilewehadmostlybeentheonesselectingwhattocopyandshare,thatischangingnow.Mindlessalgorithmschoosewhichadsweseeandwhichnewsstoriesthey“think”wewouldlike.Onceadigitalreplicatortakesoff,itsproductswillevolveforitsownbenefit,notours. Allisnotlost,though.Wealreadycopewithfast-evolvingparasitessuchasvirusesbyusingourimmunesystems,machinesandvaccines.Now,weneedtobuildourcollectivementalimmunity,ourcriticalthinkingandourabilitytoprotectourattentionfromallthatselfishinformation.Takinglessonsfromevolution,wecanstopimaginingwearethecontrollersofouraccidentallydangerousoffspringandstartlearninghowtolivewiththem.31.Asforpeople’sattitudetowardAI,theauthoris____________.A.disapprovingB.unconcernedC.sympatheticD.tolerant32.Accordingtothepassage,RichardDawkinsmayagreethat____________.A.memesarecomposedofselfishgenesB.thespeedofevolutionisunderestimatedC.replicatorsvarywithhumaninterferenceD.memesandgenesshareacommonfeature33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Technologiescanbedouble-edged.B.Collectiveeffortsmakeabetterworld.C.Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature.D.Pastexperienceisrelevanttofutureaction.34.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thepaceoftechnologicalprogressisunstoppable.B.Theinitiativeofalgorithmshouldbestrengthened.C.Thenewevolutioncanbringaboutnegativeeffects.D.Theartificialintelligencecansatisfyourrealdesires.【答案】31.A32.D33.D34.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中探讨了人工智能的最新发展所带来的焦虑和人类的应对办法。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“YetpeoplearerespondingasthoughAIisjustonemorescarynewtechnology,likeelectricityorcarsoncewere.Weinventedit,theargumentgoes,soweshouldbeabletomanageitforourownbenefit.Notso.Ibelievethatthissituationisnewandpotentiallydangerous.(然而，人们的反应似乎是，人工智能只不过是又一项可怕的新技术，就像曾经的电力或汽车一样。这种观点认为，我们发明了它，所以我们应该能够为了自己的利益来管理它。不是这样的。我认为这种情况是新的，而且有潜在的危险。)”可知，人们认为人工智能与曾经的电力或汽车一样，不会给人类带来威胁，但作者并不赞成这一观点。故选A项。【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Butgenesaren’ttheonlyreplicator,asRichardDawkinsstressedinTheSelfishGene.Peoplecopyhabits,stories,words,technologiesandsongs;wechange,recombineandpassthemoninevergreatervariety.Thissecondreplicator,evolvingmuchfasterthangenesevercould,Dawkinscalledmemes(模仿传递行为)—andtheyareselfishtoo.(但正如理查德·道金斯在《自私的基因》中强调的那样，基因并不是唯一的复制因子。人们复制习惯、故事、文字、技术和歌曲；我们改变、重组并以更大的变化将它们传递下去。第二种复制因子，进化得比基因快得多，道金斯称之为模因——它们也很自私。)”可知，理查德·道金斯认为基因和模因都很很自私。所以他会赞同“基因和模因有一个共同的特征”这一说法。故选D项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Wealreadycopewithfast-evolvingparasitessuchasvirusesbyusingourimmunesystems,machinesandvaccines.Now,weneedtobuildourcollectivementalimmunity,ourcriticalthinkingandourabilitytoprotectourattentionfromallthatselfishinformation.Takinglessonsfromevolution,wecanstopimaginingwearethecontrollersofouraccidentallydangerousoffspringandstartlearninghowtolivewiththem.(我们已经通过免疫系统、机器和疫苗来应对病毒等快速进化的寄生物。现在，我们需要建立我们的集体精神免疫力，我们的批判性思维和我们保护我们的注意力不受所有自私信息影响的能力。从进化中吸取教训，我们可以停止想象我们是我们意外危险后代的控制者，并开始学习如何与他们相处。)”可推知，作者认为人类可以从过去战胜寄生物的经历中总结经验，从人类的进化过程中吸取教训，用来指导未来的行动，来应对人工智能这种新的威胁。所以，从最后一段中可以推出“过去的经验与未来的行动有关。”。故选D项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Wehumansareintrouble.Wehaveletlooseanewevolutionaryprocessthatwedon’tunderstandandcan’tcontrol.(我们人类有麻烦了。我们已经释放了一个我们不理解也无法控制的新的进化过程。)”、第二段中“Weinventedit,theargumentgoes,soweshouldbeabletomanageitforourownbenefit.Notso.Ibelievethatthissituationisnewandpotentiallydangerous.(这种观点认为，我们发明了它，所以我们应该能够为了自己的利益来管理它。不是这样的。我认为这种情况是新的，而且有潜在的危险。)”和倒数第二段中“Onceadigitalreplicatortakesoff,itsproductswillevolveforitsownbenefit,notours.(一旦数字复制器起飞，它的产品将为自己的利益而进化，而不是为我们的利益。)”可推知，作者在文中反复表达人工智能的新进化可能会给人类来带威胁，产生负面影响。故选C项。第二节（其5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。AllthefeelsYoucanmakeyourpicturebookmemorablebyconcentratingonemotionalconnection.Thisworksacross everyprincipleofwriting,regardlessofagerangeorgenre(文体),becauseitisuniversallyrecognized.___35___Thereasonwhyemotionalconnectionworksisthatemotionisafundamentalhumanexperience.___36___Italsobringsustogetherandremindsusthatalthoughwehavedifferences,peoplearefundamentallythesame.Bybringingemotionintoyourstory,youtapintothatconsciousness.Thestoryfeelsmorerealtous.Itisconsistentwithus,andasaresult,wehavearicherreadingexperience.___37___Thisisusefulforyourpicturebookwriting,suchaschoosingvocabularytouseoradoptingasuitablelinguisticstyle.Onceyouknowthegenreofabook,youcanthinkaboutthekindofemotionalstorytellingareaderwouldexpectfromthisgenre.Forexampleifit’safunnypicturebook,yourreaderisclearlyexpectingtolaugh.Makesuretheylaugh.Ifit’sanadventurestory,yourreaderwillbeexpectingtofeelexcitement,anticipationandprobablyalittlemildfear.Ifit’saheartwarmingstory,yourreaderexpectstofeelwarm,comfortedandoverflowingwithlove.___38___Anotherreasonforincludingemotioninyourpicturebookistoreallygetyourreaderinsideyourcharacter’shead.Firstly,ithelpsbuildontheyoungreader’semotionaldevelopmentandunderstandingofselfandothers.___39___Aswellascaringaboutcharacter,anemotion-filledpicturebookthereforekeepsusonourtoes.Ifyouwantyourstorytostandoutamongstotherstories,giveyourreadersomethingtoremember—astrongemotionalconnection.A.Secondly,itcreatesinterestinthecharacter.B.Ithelpsusmakesenseoftheworldaroundus.C.Anemotionalendinginapicturebookworkswell.D.Whenwefeelsomething,wewillhavesharpminds.E.Thisisobviouslynotacompletelist,butitisastartingpoint.F.Hereiswhyitworksandhowyoucanuseitinyourpicturebookwriting.G.Picturebookshavemanydifferentgenresandyourjobistoknowwhichgenreyourstorysitsin.【答案】35.F36.B37.G38.E39.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了情感联系让绘本令人难忘的原因以及如何在你的绘本写作中使用它。【35题详解】根据下文“Thereasonwhyemotionalconnectionworksisthatemotionisafundamentalhumanexperience.(情感联系之所以有效，是因为情感是一种基本的人类体验。)”可知，空处总起全文，提出要解释情感联系在绘本中起作用的原因，F项的“Hereiswhy”和下文的“Thereasonwhy”对应。F项：Hereiswhyitworks andhowyoucanuseitinyourpicturebookwriting.(下面是为什么它会起作用，以及如何在你的绘本写作中使用它。)符合语境。故选F。【36题详解】根据下文“Italsobringsustogetherandremindsusthatalthoughwehavedifferences,peoplearefundamentallythesame.(它也让我们走到一起，提醒我们，虽然我们有差异，但人们从根本上是相同的。)”中的“also”可知，空处和下文一起说明在绘本中运用情感联系的好处。B项：Ithelpsusmakesenseoftheworldaroundus.(它帮助我们理解周围的世界。)符合语境。故选B。37题详解】根据下文“Thisisusefulforyourpicturebookwriting,suchaschoosingvocabularytouseoradoptingasuitablelinguisticstyle.Onceyouknowthegenreofabook,youcanthinkaboutthekindofemotionalstorytellingareaderwouldexpectfromthisgenre.(这对你的绘本写作很有用，比如选择要使用的词汇或采用合适的语言风格。一旦你知道了一本书的文体，你就可以考虑读者希望从这种文体中看到什么样的情感故事。)”可知，本段主要讲述要首先确定绘本的文体，G项中的“genre”是本段的关键词。G项：Picturebookshavemanydifferentgenresandyourjobistoknowwhichgenreyourstorysitsin.(绘本有许多不同的类型，你的工作就是知道你的故事属于哪一种类型。)符合语境。故选G。【38题详解】根据上文“Forexample,ifit’safunnypicturebook,yourreaderisclearlyexpectingtolaugh.Makesuretheylaugh.Ifit’sanadventurestory,yourreaderwillbeexpectingtofeelexcitement,anticipationandprobablyalittlemildfear.Ifit’saheartwarmingstory,yourreaderexpectstofeelwarm,comfortedandoverflowingwithlove.(例如，如果这是一本有趣的图画书，你的读者显然期待着笑。确保他们笑。如果这是一个冒险故事，你的读者会感到兴奋，期待，可能还有一点轻微的恐惧。如果这是一个暖心的故事，你的读者希望感受到温暖，安慰和充满爱。)”可知，上文列举了一些常见的情感类型，显然，这不是完整的清单。E项：Thisisobviouslynotacompletelist,butitisastartingpoint.(这显然不是一个完整的清单，但它是一个起点。)符合语境。故选E。【39题详解】根据上文“Firstly,ithelpsbuildontheyoungreader’semotionaldevelopmentandunderstandingofselfandothers.(首先，它有助于建立年轻读者的情感发展和对自我和他人的理解。)”可知，A项中的“Secondly”与上文的“Firstly”对应，一起说明了在绘本中加入情感对于读者理解角色的好处。A项：Secondly,itcreatesinterestinthecharacter.(其次，它创造了角色的兴趣。)符合语境。故选A。第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节（其4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，其12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。阅读表达UpgradeyourproblemsIn2017,Ispentallmymoneybuyingmyfirstflat——whichmeantIhadnomoneytofixmyfirsthomeowner’sproblem.IwassleepingonanairmattressbecauseIcouldn’taffordfurniture.ThenInoticedaleakypipeunderthebath,whichcreatedawetpuddle(水坑).Icouldn’taffordaplumber(水管工)butIdidn’twanttointroducemyselftotheneighbourbycrashingthroughtheirwetceiling.TheonlyoptionleftformewasthatIhadtosolvetheproblemonmyown.Itookthebustoanearbystoreandtalkedwiththeniceguybehindthecounter.Heexplainedhowtofixitandsoldmeapipecutterandabitofpipework.Iwentbackhome,pushedmyheadunderthebath,andgotthejobdone.Ittaughtmealessonthathassincebecomeabitofmottoforme:Upgradeyourproblems.Havingawetbathroomfloorisaproblem—andthedaybeforeIboughttheplace,Iwouldhavehadalandlordtocall.Butoncetheplacewasmine,thisbecamemyproblem.Isawthisasprogress:Youmustownyourownpropertytotakecareofthissortofsituation.Yearslater,whenIfoundedmyprofessionalservicescompanywithmybusinesspartner,Adam,thismottobecamecoretohowweapproachthebusiness.Therehavebeenmanyproblems,andtherewillcontinuetobenewones.However,werememberthereasonwehavetheseproblems—it’sbecausewerunourownbusiness!Alate-payingcustomerisaproblem,butit’soneweencounteronlyifwehavepayingcustomers.ThatiswhyIstillkeepthepipecutteronmydesktoday.Itremindsmethat,nomattermyleveloffrustration(挫败),IamfortunatetofacetheproblemsIdo.ThemoreIsolvethem,themoreIupgradetoevenbetterones.40.Whatdidtheauthornoticeinhisfirstflat?_______________________________________________________________________________________________41.Howdidtheauthorsolvehisproblemwiththebath?_______________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatementthenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Theauthorstillkeepsthepipecutteronhisdesktodaybecauseitremindshimofhissuccessinbusiness._______________________________________________________________________________________________43.Whatelsewouldyoudowhenyouencounterproblemsinlife?(Inabout40words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】40.Aleakypipeunderthebath.41.Theauthorwenttoastore,andtheguybehindthecounterexplainedhowtofixit.Afterbuyingapipecutterandabitofpipework,hewenthomeandgotthejobdone.42.Theauthorstillkeepsthepipecutteronhisdesktodaybecauseitremindshimofhissuccessinbusiness.Theauthorstillkeepsthepipecutteronhisdesktodaybecauseitremindshimnomatterhisleveloffrustration,heisfortunatetofacetheproblemshedoes.43.Breakingdownproblemsisausefulwaytosolveproblems.Breakdownbigproblemsintosmaller,morespecifictaskstomakethemeasiertomanageandsolve.Tackleeachtaskstepbystepandgetclosertothefinalgoal.【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解决问题的方法和心态。【40题详解】考查细节理解。由文章第一段中“ThenInoticedaleakypipeunderthebath,whichcreatedawetpuddle(水坑).(然后我注意到浴缸下面有一根漏水的管子，造成了一个潮湿的水坑。)”可知，作者在他的第一套公寓里注意到了浴缸下面漏水的管子。故答案为Aleakypipeunderthebath.。【41题详解】考查细节理解。由文章第二段中“TheonlyoptionleftformewasthatIhadtosolvetheproblemonmyown.Itookthebustoanearbystoreandtalkedwiththeniceguybehindthecounter.Heexplainedhowtofixitandsoldmeapipecutterandabitofpipework.Iwentbackhome,pushedmyheadunderthebath,andgotthejobdone.(留给我的唯一选择就是我必须自己解决这个问题。我乘公共汽车去了附近的一家商店，和柜台后面的那个好人聊了聊。他向我解释如何修理它，并卖给我一个管钳和一些管道工具。我回到家，把头伸到浴缸下面，把活儿干完了。)”可知，作者咨询店员后，从商店买了修理工具，然后自己修好了水管。故答案为Theauthorwenttoastore,andtheguybehindthecounterexplainedhowtofixit.Afterbuyingapipecutterandabitofpipework,hewenthomeandgotthejobdone.。【42题详解】考查细节理解。由文章最后一段中“ThatiswhyIstillkeepthepipecutteronmydesktoday.Itremindsmethat,nomattermyleveloffrustration(挫败),IamfortunatetofacetheproblemsIdo.ThemoreIsolvethem,themoreIupgradetoevenbetterones.(这就是为什么我今天还把管钳放在我的桌子上。它提醒我，无论我有多沮丧，我都很幸运能够面对我所遇到的问题。我解决的问题越多，我就会升级到更好的问题。)”可知，直 到今天，作者仍然把那把切管器放在他的桌子上，因为它提醒他，不管他有多沮丧，他都很幸运能够面对他所遇到的问题。故答案为Theauthorstillkeepsthepipecutteronhisdesktodaybecauseitremindshimnomatterhisleveloffrustration,heisfortunatetofacetheproblemshedoes。【43题详解】开放试题。题目中问“当你在生活中遇到问题时，你还会做什么？”，也就是说不要和文章中的方法重复。我认为分解问题是解决问题的一种有用方法。将大问题分解为更小、更具体的任务，使其更易于管理和解决。一步一步地完成每项任务，离最终目标越来越近。故答案为Breakingdownproblemsisausefulwaytosolveproblems.Breakdownbigproblemsintosmaller,morespecifictaskstomakethemeasiertomanageandsolve.Tackleeachtaskstepbystepandgetclosertothefinalgoal.第二节44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校将开展以“用英文讲中国故事”为主题的交流活动。请你给英国交换生Ryan写一封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：1.告知活动安排；2.发出邀请。注意:1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearRyan,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearRyan,Ihopethismessagefindsyouwell.Iamwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateinanexcitingeventorganizedbyourschool.Theevent,titled“TellingChineseStoriesinEnglish”,aimstopromotecross-culturalcommunicationandunderstanding.Itwillbeginat9a.m.onNovember15th.Duringtheevent,studentswillsharetheiruniqueChinesestoriesinEnglish.Webelieveyourparticipationwouldaddauniqueperspectivetotheevent.Pleaseconfirmyour availabilityandwewillreserveaspotforyou.Lookingforwardtoyourpositiveresponse.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于邀请信。要求考生Ryan给英国交换生写一封邮件，邀请他参加“用英文讲中国故事”为主题的交流活动。【详解】1.词汇积累希望：hope→wish/expect参与：participatein→takepartin开始：begin→start提高：promote→improve2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Iamwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateinanexcitingeventorganizedbyourschool.拓展句：Iamwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateinanexcitingeventwhichisorganizedbyourschool.【点睛】[高分句型1]Ihopethismessagefindsyouwell.(运用了省略连词that宾语从句)[高分句型2]Webelieveyourparticipationwouldaddauniqueperspectivetotheevent.(运用了省略连词that的宾语从句)