湖北省武汉外国语学校2023-2024学年高一英语上学期阶段性诊断试题（Word版附解析）

武汉外国语学校2023-2024学年度第一学期高一阶段性诊断测试高一英语试卷考试时间：2023年10月9日考武时长：120分钟试卷满分：150分第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中远出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Aspeechontelevision.B.Alectureonradio.C.Anarticleinanewspaper.2.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.ThedigitalTVsystemwillofferdifferentprograms.B.Hethinksitunrealistictohave500channels.C.ThenewTVsystemmaynotprovideanythingbetter.3.Whatdoesthewomansuggest?A.Hidingthedamage.B.Usingtapeforthepicture.C.Peelingoffthewallpaper.4.Whatdoesn’tthewomanlikeaboutProf.Zhang’sclass?A.Shedoesn’tlikehischoiceoftestquestions.B.Shethinkshislecturesareboring.C.Shedoesn’tthinkheprepareshislectureswellenough.5.Howmuchwillafive-minutetelephonecallcost?A.7pounds.B.9pounds.C.11pounds.第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话或独白前，你将有时问阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的做答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。6.Whathappenedtothetwospeakers? A.Theylostsomething.B.Theywentawrongway.C.Theymissedaplay.7.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inashop.C.Attheentranceofatheatre.8.Whenshouldtheygotothetheatre?A.Thedaybefore.B.Thedaybeforeyesterday.C.Thenextday.听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。9.Whydidthesoncomebacklate?A.Hehurthishandsandknees.B.HewenttoapubwithLinda.C.Hewaitedalongtimeforthebus.10.Whatwastheoldladydoinginthemiddleoftheroad?A.Lookingforsomething.B.Strugglingtosandup.C.Tryingtoseekhelp.11.WhathappenedtoLinda?A.Shewasfired.B.Shegotinjured.C.Shehadanaccident.听第8段材料，回答第12至14题，12.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Americanart.B.Americanhistory.C.Afamousfilmstar.13.Whathappenedin1915inAmerica?A.Thefirstmajorfeaturefilmwasmade.B.Thefirstsilenttragedywasmade.C.Thefirstfilmstudiowassetup.14.WhatcanwelearnaboutHollywood?A.ItbecametheU.Sfilmcentersince1915.B.Itisn’tasprosperousasitusedtobe.C.ItisthecenterofAmericanart.听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15.Inwhatwayisthewoman’scarnotcostinghermoney?A.Intowtruckfees.B.Intaxifares.C.Inmonthlypayments.16.Whydoesn’tthewomanwanttobuyausedcar?A.Shedoesn’ttrustused-carsalespeople.B.Shealreadyhasaused-car.C.Shelikesheroldcar.17.Whatdoesthemansayaboutcompanycars?A.Theyarenotwellmaintained.B.Theyaresoldwhentheyarerelativelynew. C.Theyareprivatelyownedbycarcompanies.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Forwhatreasonsislanguagethegreatestinventionofmankind?A.Languagewasthefirstinventionofmankind.B.Mostofman’sinventionsdependedonlanguage.C.Thereweresomanylanguagesintheworld.19.Whatmakeslanguagethegreatestmeansofcommunication?A.Onlymanuseslanguage.B.Therearenoothermeansofcommunication.C.Communicationthroughlanguageisunlimited.20.Howdoestheknowledgegainedbyonegenerationbecomeabasisfortheinventionofthenext?A.It’spassedontothenextgenerationingenes.B.It’spassedontothenextgenerationsthroughlanguage.C.Theyoungpeoplestarttheirresearchbeforetheoldpeopledie第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。APublicMarketFree-AdmissionSpecialEventsFLOWERCITYDAYSTheFlowerCityearnsshowcasingrightswhentheRochesterPublicMarketcomesaliveinMayandJunewithitsfamousbotanicalsales—rowuponrowofannuals,evergreens,bushesandgardendecorations.Allavailablejustintimeforspringplanting!Comewithyourgardenquestionsandgetanswersfromlocalmastergardeners.Bringplantcontainers,andtakesomehomethroughourgive-takeplantcontainerexchangeprogram!ARTISTROWArtistRowisnotjustanaverageartshow.Withover180localartists,thiseventaddstothecreativityofourcommunity.Foodandlivemusictoo,freeadmission!Formoreinformation,gotowww.artistrowrochester.com, contact(585)428-7292ore-mailMarketfriends@marketfriends.org.HOLIDAYSATTHEMARKETAlong-heldRochesterholidaytradition,HolidaysattheMarket,hasahistoryofover25years.Itfeaturesdozensofholiday-focusedstandswhereyoucanhuntforallkindsoftrees,holidayfoodsandgifts.Childreninourneighborhoodcanalsoenjoyhay(干草)ridesandcookiedecorating.COMMUNITYYARDSALESImaginedozensofyardsales,alllineduptogethersoyoudon’thavetodrivefromplacetoplace.YouneednotimagineitbecauseyoucanseeitforyourselfattheMarket.Animpressiverangeofcollectables,likeoldfurniture,woodenVictorianclocksandallthosevaluables!CafesandshopsopenontheMarketandinthesurroundingMarketDistricttoo.Freeadmission.1.WhatcanpeopledoatFLOWERCITYDAYS?A.Enjoysomecoffeefreeofcharge.B.Acquireknowledgeaboutgardening.C.Attendanartshowwithlocalartists.D.Purchaseholidaydecorationsandgifts.2.Whicheventbestsuitsantiquelovers?A.FLOWERCITYDAYS.B.ARTISTROW.C.HOLIDAYSATTHEMARKET.D.COMMUNITYYARDSALES.3.What’sthepurposeoftheseevents?A.Topromotehand-madegoods.B.Toadvocategreenmarket.C.Toencouragelocals’creativity.D.Toenrichcommunitylife.【答案】1.B2.D3.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了罗切斯特公共市场不同活动的介绍和特点。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据FLOWERCITYDAYS中的“comewithyourgardenquestionsandgetanswersfromlocalmastergardeners.(带着你的花园问题来，并从当地的园艺大师那里得到答案)”可知，人们在FLOWERCITYDAYS中掌握园艺知识。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据COMMUNITYYARDSALES中“Animpressiverangeofcollectables,likeoldfurniture,woodenVictorianclocksandallthosevaluables!(令人印象深刻的收藏品，如旧家具，维多利亚时代的木制钟表和所有这些贵重物品)”可知，COMMUNITYYARDSALE适合古董爱好者前去。故选D项。【3题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章中的每个活动都是让人们聚集在一起，分享彼此的爱好和兴趣，并展示在当地的创造力和多元文化。由此推知，这些活动的目的是丰富社区生活。故选D项。BRecentlyIattendedseveralmeetingswherewetalkedaboutwaystoretainstudentsandkeepyoungerfacultymembersfromgoingelsewhere.Itseemshighereducationhasbecomeanindustryofmeeting-holderswhosetaskisto“solve”problems-realorimagined.Andinmypositionasaprofessoratthreedifferentcolleges,theactualproblemsineducatingouryoungpeopleandolderstudentshavedeepened,whilethenumberofpeoplehired-nottoteachbuttoholdmeetings-hasincreasedsignificantly.Everynewproblemcreatesanewjobforanadministrativefixer.TakeourCenterforTeachingExcellence.Contrarytoitstitle,thecenterisaclearinghouse(信息交流中心)forusingtechnologyinclassroomsandinonlinecourses.It’sanadministrativesham(ofthekindthathasmultipliedoverthelast30years.Iofferasimplepropositioninresponse:Manyofourproblems-classattendance,educationalsuccess,studenthappinessandwell-being-mightbeimprovedbycuttingdownthebureaucraticmechanismsandmeetingsandinsteadhiringanarmyofgoodteachers.Ifwereplacedhalfofouradministrativestaffwithclassroomteachers,wemightactuallygetamajorityofourclassesbackto20orfewerstudentsperteacher.Thiswouldbeanenvironmentinwhichteachersandstudentsactuallykneweachother.Theteachersmustbefreetoteachintheirownway-thecurriculumshouldbeflexibleenoughsothattheycanusetheirindividualtalentstoachievethegoalsofthecourse.Additionally,theyshouldbeallowedtoteach,andberewardedfordoingitwell.Teachersarenotpeoplewhoaregreatatandconsumedbyresearchandhappentoappearinaclassroom.Goodteachingandresearcharenotexclusive,buttheyarealsonotautomaticcompanions.Teachingisanartandacraft,talentandpractice;itisnotsomethingthatjustanyonecanbegoodat.Itisutterlyconfusingtomethatpeopledonotrecognizethis,despitethefactthatprettymuchanyonewhohasbeenastudentcantellthedifferencebetweentheirbestandworstteachers.4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpresent-dayuniversities?A.Theyareeffectivelytacklingrealorimaginedproblems.B.Theyoftenfailtocombineteachingwithresearch.C.Theyareover-burdenedwithadministrativestaff.D.Theylacktalenttofixtheirdeepeningproblems.5.Accordingtotheauthor,whatkindofpeopledouniversitieslackmost?A.Goodclassroomteachers.B.Efficientadministrators. C.Talentedresearchers.D.Motivatedstudents.6.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheclassesatpresent?A.Theyfacilitatestudents’independentlearning.B.Theyhelpstudentsformcloserrelationships.C.Theyhavemoreolderstudentsthanbefore.D.Theyaremuchbiggerthanisdesirable.7.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofteachingability?A.Itrequirestalentandpractice.B.Itiscloselyrelatedtoresearch.C.Itisachieffactoraffectingstudents’learning.D.Itcanbeacquiredthroughpersistentpractice.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。主要讲述了作者结合自己参加的教学会议以及在三所不同学院担任教授的经历指出了如今大学教育存在的问题。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Andinmypositionasaprofessoratthreedifferentcolleges,theactualproblemsineducatingouryoungpeopleandolderstudentshavedeepened,whilethenumberofpeoplehired-nottoteachbuttoholdmeetings-hasincreasedsignificantly.Everynewproblemcreatesanewjobforanadministrativefixer.”（我在三所不同的学院担任教授，在教育我们的年轻人和高年级学生方面的实际问题已经加深，而雇用的人——不是教书，而是开会——的数量却显著增加。每个新问题都会给行政解决人员带来新的工作。）可知，关于当今的大学，作者认为他们的行政人员负担过重。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Iofferasimplepropositioninresponse:Manyofourproblems-classattendance,educationalsuccess,studenthappinessandwell-being-mightbeimprovedbycuttingdownthebureaucraticmechanismsandmeetingsandinsteadhiringanarmyofgoodteachers.Ifwereplacedhalfofouradministrativestaffwithclassroomteachers,wemightactuallygetamajorityofourclassesbackto20orfewerstudentsperteacher.”（作为回应，我提出了一个简单的建议:我们的许多问题——上课出勤率、教育成绩、学生的快乐和幸福——可能会通过减少官僚机制和会议而得到改善，而要雇佣一批好老师。如果我们用任课教师取代一半的行政人员，我们可能会让大多数班级的学生人数回到20人或更少。）可知，根据作者的观点，大学最缺乏优秀的课堂老师。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Ifwereplacedhalfofouradministrativestaffwithclassroomteachers,wemight actuallygetamajorityofourclassesbackto20orfewerstudentsperteacher.Thiswouldbeanenvironmentinwhichteachersandstudentsactuallykneweachother.”（如果我们用任课教师取代一半行政人员，我们可能会让大多数班级的学生人数回到20人或更少。这将是一个教师和学生真正相互了解的环境。）可推知，作者认为，现在的课堂规模比理想的要大得多。故选D项。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Goodteachingandresearcharenotexclusive,buttheyarealsonotautomaticcompanions.Teachingisanartandacraft,talentandpractice;itisnotsomethingthatjustanyonecanbegoodat.”（好的教学和研究不是相互排斥的，但它们也不是自然而然的伴侣。教学是一门艺术，是一门手艺，是天赋，是实践；这不是任何人都能擅长的事情。）可知，作者认为教学能力需要天赋和实践。故选A项。CCarspoweredbybatteriesmadefromseawaterandplanesfueledbyammonia(氨)willbecomecommonoverthenext10years,BillDavid,aprofessorofmaterialschemistryhaspredicted.Mostbatteriesforelectriccarsandsmartphonesarepoweredbylithium(锂),whichhastobemined,butDavidthinksthattheywillbeovertakenbybatteriesmadefromsodium(钠),whichcanbeobtainedfromseawaterandsalt.Thefutureofairtravelcouldalsobegreenerthankstobiofuels.Davidsaid:“Wearedevelopinganammonia-basedplane.Inprinciple,wecanimproveonanAirbusA320oraBoeing787andessentiallyreplacejetfuelwithammonia.”Davidsaidthatbatteriescould,atfirst,combinesodiumandlithium,assodiumwasnotquiteaspowerfulaslithiumbutismuchmoresufficient.“It’snotquiteperfectintermsofperformance,soweneedboth,”Davidsaid.“Sodiumisonthewayupandmostelectriccarshavehadacombinationoflithiumandsodiumbatteriesinthem.Myestimateisthatby2040Iwouldnotbesurprisedifthereweretentimesmoresodiumbatteriesthanlithiumones,maybeeven100times.”Thefirstgenerationofmass-producedsodiumbatterieshasbeenusedforanelectriccarforthefirsttime.Sodiumwillnotbethefinalanswertoeco-friendlyairtravel,however,whichiswhyDavid’steamislookingintotheuseofammonia.Somecompaniesarelookingintowhetherjetfuelcanbereplacedwithhydrogen,butDavidseesammoniaasmoresustainable.Hesaid:“Ifyoudothesums,thenat500mphyougetthesameamountofpowerasjetfuel,butjust40percentoftherange.However,evenwiththerangehit,a787couldstillgofromLondontoNewYork.”However,areportfromtheRoyalSocietyonnet-zeroaviation,whichDavidco-wrote,saysthatreplacingjetfuelwithbiofuelwouldrequirehalfoftheagriculturallandintheUK.8.Whatisanadvantageofsodiumbatteries? A.Theirperformanceiseasytoimprove.B.Theirrawmaterialiseasilyaccessible.C.Theyarewidelyappliedtovariousvehicles.D.Theyaremorepowerfulthanotherbatteries.9.AccordingtoDavid,whichisidealforfutureelectriccars?A.Lithiumbattery.B.Sodiumbattery.C.Hydrogenfuel.D.Ammoniafuel.10.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Hydrogencastsalightonjetfuelmarket.B.Electriccarmakersfavorsodiumbatteries.C.Ammoniafeaturessustainabilityandpracticability.D.Companieshavemass-producedrecycledbatteries.11.What’sDavid’sattitudetoreplacingjetfuelwithbiofuel?A.Tolerant.B.Unclear.C.Cautious.D.Doubtful.【答案】8.B9.B10.C11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了英国材料化学教授比尔·戴维德对未来的预测，他认为未来10年内，使用从海水和盐中提取的钠制造的电池以及使用氨作为燃料的飞机将会普及。虽然钠电池在性能方面不及锂电池，但是它们的原材料易于获取。而氨的可持续性使得它成为代替喷气燃料的一种有前途的燃料。但要想完全替代喷气燃料，需要更多的技术支持和改进。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Mostbatteriesforelectriccarsandsmartphonesarepoweredbylithium(锂),whichhastobemined,butDavidthinksthattheywillbeovertakenbybatteriesmadefromsodium(钠),whichcanbeobtainedfromseawaterandsalt.(大多数电动汽车和智能手机的电池都是由锂供电的，锂必须开采，但大卫认为它们将被钠制成的电池所取代，钠可以从海水和盐中获得。)”可知，钠电池的优点在于原材料比锂更容易获得，故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中““Sodiumisonthewayupandmostelectriccarshavehadacombinationoflithiumandsodiumbatteriesinthem.Myestimateisthatby2040Iwouldnotbesurprisedifthereweretentimesmoresodiumbatteriesthanlithiumones,maybeeven100times.”(“钠正在上升，大多数电动汽车都装有锂和钠电池的组合。我的估计是，到2040年，如果钠电池比锂电池多十倍，甚至可能是100倍，我不会感到惊讶。)”可知，未来电动汽车中钠电池会应用的更广泛，故选B项。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段中“Sodiumwillnotbethefinalanswertoeco-friendlyairtravel,however,whichiswhy David’steamislookingintotheuseofammonia.(然而，钠不会是环保航空旅行的最终答案，这就是为什么大卫的团队正在研究氨的使用。)”及““Ifyoudothesums,thenat500mphyougetthesameamountofpowerasjetfuel,butjust40percentoftherange.However,evenwiththerangehit,a787couldstillgofromLondontoNewYork.”(“如果你做总和，那么在500英里/小时时，你会得到与喷气燃料相同的功率，但只有40%的续航里程。然而，即使射程达到，787仍然可以从伦敦飞往纽约。”)”可知，氨具有可持续性和实用性。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“However,areportfromtheRoyalSocietyonnet-zeroaviation,whichDavidco-wrote,saysthatreplacingjetfuelwithbiofuelwouldrequirehalfoftheagriculturallandintheUK.(然而，大卫与人合著的英国皇家学会关于净零航空的一份报告称，用生物燃料代替喷气燃料将需要英国一半的农业用地。)”可知，他对用生物燃料代替喷气燃料将需要英国一半的农业用地的态度是谨慎的，故选C项。DThesecrettoeatinglessandbeinghappyaboutitmayhavebeencrackedyearsago-byMcDonald’s.AccordingtoanewstudyfromComnellUniversity’sFoodandBrandLab,smallnon-foodrewards-likethetoysinMcDonald’sHappyMeals-stimulatethesamerewardcentersinthebrainasfooddoes.Theresearchers,ledbyMartinReimann,carriedoutaseriesofexperimentstoseeifpeoplewouldchooseasmallermealifitwaspairedwithanon-fooditem.Theyfoundthatthemajorityofbothkidsandadultsoptedforahalf-sizedportionwhencombinedwithaprize.Bothoptionswerepricedthesame.Evenmoreinterestingisthatthepromiseofafuturerewardwasenoughtomakeadultschoosethesmallerportion.Oneoftheprizesusedwasalotteryticket,withaS10,$50or$100payout,andthiswasaseffectiveasatangiblegiftinpersuadingpeopletoeatless.“Thefactthatparticipantswerewillingtosubstitutepartofafooditemforthemereprospectofarelativelysmallmonetaryawardisinteresting,”saysReimann.Hetheorizesthatitistheemotionalcomponentoftheseintangibleprizesthatmakethemeffective.Infact,vaguely-statedpossibilitiesofwinningaprizeweremoreeffectivethanoptionswithhardoddsincluded.“Oneexplanationforthisfindingisthatpossibleawardsmaybemoreemotionallyprovokingthancertaintyawards,”saysReimann.“Theuncertaintyofwinningprovidesaddedattractionanddesirabilitythroughemotional‘thrills.’Thepossibilityofreceivinganawardalsoproducesastateofhope-astatethatisinitselfpsychologicallyrewarding.“Inotherwords,there’sareasonwhypeopleliketogamble.Howmightthisknowledgebeusedtohelppeopleeatmorehealthily? Onepossibilityisahealthyoptionthatoffersthechancetowinaspaweekend.Ormaybetherewardofahalf-sizedportioncouldbeahalf-sizeddesserttobeclaimedonlyonafuturedate.Thatwouldgetyoubackintherestaurantandmakeyoueatalittleless.12.WhatdowelearnaboutMcDonald’sinclusionoftoysinitsHappyMeals?A.Itmayshedlightonpeople’sdesiretocrackasecret.B.IthasprovedtobekeytoMcDonald’sbusinesssuccess.C.Itappealstokid’scuriositytofindoutwhatishiddeninside.D.Itmaybeapleasantwayforkidstoreducetheirfoodintake.13.WhatisthefindingoftheresearchersledbyMartinReimann?A.ReducingfoodintakeisnotthatdifficultifpeoplegotoMcDonald’smore.B.Mostkidsandadultsdon’tactuallyfeelhungrywhentheycathalfoftheirmeal.C.Eatingasmallerportionoffooddoesgoodtothehealthofkidsandadultsalike.D.Mostkidsandadultswouldchooseasmallermealthatcamewithanon-fooditem.14WhatismostinterestinginMartinReimann’sfinding?A.Kidspreferredanawardintheformofmoneytooneintheformofatoy.B.Adultschosethesmallerportiononthemerepromiseofafutureaward.C.Bothkidsandadultsfeltsatisfiedwithonlyhalfoftheirmealportions.D.Neitherchildrennoradultscouldresistthetemptationofafreetoy.15.WhatcanweinferfromMartinReimann’sfinding?A.Peopleshouldeatmuchlessiftheywishtostayhealthyandhappy.B.MorefastfoodrestaurantsarelikelytofollowMcDonald’sexample.C.Wecanleadpeopletoeatlesswhilehelpingtherestaurantbusiness.D.Morestudiesareneededtofindouttheimpactofemotiononbehavior.【答案】12.D13.D14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，与非食物物品搭配在一起或者通过对对未来奖励的承诺，人们会选择更少的食物。这一发现可以在帮助餐饮业有回头客的同时引导人们少吃。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据首段“Thesecrettoeatinglessandbeinghappyaboutitmayhavebeencrackedyearsago-byMcDonald’s.AccordingtoanewstudyfromComnellUniversity’sFoodandBrandLab,smallnon-food rewards-likethetoysinMcDonald’sHappyMeals-stimulatethesamerewardcentersinthebrainasfooddoes.(少吃且快乐的秘诀可能在几年前就被麦当劳破解了。根据康奈尔大学食品与品牌实验室的一项新研究，小的非食物奖励——比如麦当劳开心乐园餐中的玩具——会像食物一样刺激大脑中的奖励中心。)”可知，麦当劳在开心乐园餐中加入玩具，这会像食物一样刺激大脑中的奖励中心，从而可能是孩子们少吃而且仍然快乐的的方式。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二三段“Theresearchers,ledbyMartinReimann,carriedoutaseriesofexperimentstoseeifpeoplewouldchooseasmallermealifitwaspairedwithanon-fooditem.Theyfoundthatthemajorityofbothkidsandadultsoptedforahalf-sizedportionwhencombinedwithaprize.Bothoptionswerepricedthesame.(由马丁·雷曼领导的研究人员进行了一系列实验，以观察如果与非食物物品搭配在一起，人们是否会选择更少的食物。他们发现，大多数孩子和成年人都选择了带有奖品的半份食物。两种选择的定价相同。)”可知，马丁·雷曼领导的研究人员的发现大多数孩子和成年人会选择一顿与非食物物品搭配在一起的小餐。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段首句“Evenmoreinterestingisthatthepromiseofafuturerewardwasenoughtomakeadultschoosethesmallerportion.(更有趣的是，对未来奖励的承诺足以让成年人选择较小的那部分。)”可知，马丁·雷曼的发现中最有趣的是：成年人仅仅因为承诺将来会有奖励而选择了较小的那份。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后两段“Howmightthisknowledgebeusedtohelppeopleeatmorehealthily?Onepossibilityisahealthyoptionthatoffersthechancetowinaspaweekend.Ormaybetherewardofahalf-sizedportioncouldbeahalf-sizeddesserttobeclaimedonlyonafuturedate.Thatwouldgetyoubackintherestaurant-andmakeyoueatalittleless.(如何利用这些知识来帮助人们吃得更健康？一种可能是一个有机会赢得一个水疗周末的健康的选择。或者，吃半份的奖励可能是以后再索要的半份的甜点。这可以让你回到餐馆的同时让你吃得少一点。)”可知，马丁·雷曼的发现可以在帮助餐饮业有回头客的同时引导人们少吃。故选C。第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thebestfeelingaboutgoingbacktoschoolisseeingallyourfriends.Yougetthechancetotelleachotheryourholidayexperiences.____16____Youhavetostartfromscratch(从头开始).Herearetipsthatwillworkforyou.·Donotbeseared.Itisnotunhealthytobescaredonyourfirstdayofschool.Rememberthateachstudenthasgonethroughthe sameprocess.____17____Yournewschoolcanhavethebestteamandthecompetitivedramaprogram.Tryandfocusonthingsthatmakeyouwanttogotothatschool.Youwillnothaveanyreasontobescared.·Knowyoursurroundings.Itisgoodtobefamiliarwiththenewenvironment.____18____Itwillhelpyoutakelesstimetogotoyourlessonandsettledownbeforetheteacherarrives.Knowingthesurroundingswillgiveyouconfidencebecauseyouwillnothavetoaskaround.Itwillmakeyoufeelbetterandreadyforanythingthatcomesyourway.·____19____Donottrytochangethepersonyouarebecauseofthenewenvironment.Manypeoplehavegonethroughthatroad.Donotdothatjusttofitintoagroupofstudents.Intheend,itwillnotbeworthit.Itisforpeopletoloveyouthewayyouare.Youareperfectthewayyouare.Youhavenosinglereasonforchangingyourself.·Connectwithpeople.Theworstpartaboutmovingtoanewschoolismakingfriends.Thereisapossibilityyouknowsomestudentsfromyournewschool.Youcantryandconnectwiththepeopleyouknowfirst.Theywillintroduceyoutootherpeople,andthatishowyouwillmakefriends.____20____Gotothepeopleyouknowandhangout.A.Beyourself.B.Donotbealone.C.Pleasetheotherkids.D.Goingtoanewschoolcanbeprettychallenging.E.Trytolookatthepositivesideofjoininganewschool.F.Itisadvisabletoknowwherethedifferentroomsarelocated.G.Oftenthescariestpartofchangeisnotknowingwhatitlookslike.【答案】16.D17.E18.F19.A20.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。到了新学校需要面对从头开始的许多挑战，本文针对这一问题给了几个建议。【16题详解】根据上文“Thebestfeelingaboutgoingbacktoschoolisseeingallyourfriends(回到学校最好的感觉就是见到你所有的朋友)”以及下文“Youhavetostartfromscratch(你必须从头开始)”可知此处上下文说的是到了新的学校会面临着从头开始带来的挑战，与D项“Goingtoanewschoolcanbeprettychallenging.(去一所新学校可能很有挑战性)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。【17题详解】根据下文“Yournewschoolcanhavethebestteamandthecompetitivedramaprogram.( 你的新学校可以拥有最好的团队和有竞争力的戏剧项目)”可知此处上下文说的是要看到新学校的积极的一面，与E项“Trytolookatthepositivesideofjoininganewschool.(试着去看待加入一所新学校的积极一面)”表达的含义一致，故选E项。【18题详解】根据上文“Itisgoodtobefamiliarwiththenewenvironment(熟悉新环境是件好事)”以及下文“Itwillhelpyoutakelesstimetogotoyourlessonandsettledownbeforetheteacherarrives.(这将帮助你花更少的时间去上课，并在老师到来之前安顿下来)”可知此处上下文说的是要提前熟悉教室的位置，与F项“Itisadvisabletoknowwherethedifferentroomsarelocated.(最好知道不同教室的位置)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。【19题详解】根据下文“Itisforpeopletoloveyouthewayyouare.Youareperfectthewayyouare.Youhavenosinglereasonforchangingyourself.(这是为了让人们以你的方式爱你。你现在的样子很完美。你没有任何改变自己的理由)”可知此处上下文说的是要做你自己，不要试图去改变，与A项“Beyourself(做你自己)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。【20题详解】根据下文“Gotothepeopleyouknowandhangout.(去找你认识的人，然后一起闲逛)”可知，此处上下文说的是要去找认识的人，不要一个人呆着，与B项“Donotbealone.(不要独自一人)”表达的含义一致，故选B项。第三部分语言运用(每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中给出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ThesuburbIliveinbacksontoalargenaturereserve.OnemorningIsawakoala(考拉)sittinginapalmtreeinmyfrontyard.IphonedaroundtoaskwhatIcould____21____thiskoala,butnoonewantedtoknow.Iendedup____22____thekoalaoutofmytreeandwecrossedtheroad____23____forhimtoreturntothenaturereserve.I’vealwaysbeenbefriendinganimals.AsayoungkidIusedtopickuplizardeggsand____24____them.Itstimulatedmyinterestastowhytherewasn’tanyonewantingtocomeand____25____thiskoalainmytree.Afterthat,Isignedupforallthe____26____Icouldfind.OnceIhadaccreditation(合格证),IvolunteeredwiththeRSPCAin2014,rehabilitating(使康复)wildlife.Iwasanambulancedriver,____27____overnightrescues.Werescuedhundredsofanimalsand____28____more.Oneday,Ithoughtwhynot____29____myownrescuegroupfocusingonmybackyard?Ipurchasedatwo-acrepropertyandbuiltenclosuresonitto_____30_____injuredanimals.Lastyear,Iplanted300eucalyptustrees(桉树),withsevenvarietiesto_____31_____thekoalas.Icuttheleavesoftheeucalyptustreesforthekoalastoeatandlookafterthe_____32_____wildlifeatour centre.Iftheyrecover,theyare_____33_____backtowheretheycomefrom.AsakidIwouldneverhaveimagineddoingthis.IfeellikeI’mthe_____34_____girlontheplanetthatIgettodowhatIlove.Ibelieveit’smy_____35_____.21.A.learnfromB.doaboutC.requireofD.savefor22.A.kickingB.shootingC.coachingD.blowing23.A.togetherB.illegallyC.angrilyD.guiltily24.A.rollB.sellC.breakD.hatch25.A.rescueB.admireC.purchaseD.identify26.A.coursesB.racesC.fairsD.shows27.A.watchingB.attendingC.recordingD.assessing28.A.madeoutB.ranacrossC.gaveupD.caredfor29.A.leaveB.startC.dismissD.advertise30.A.houseB.huntC.trainD.amuse31.A.confuseB.directC.feedD.test32.A.aggressiveB.hungryC.desertedD.injured33.A.soldB.releasedC.thrownD.dragged34.A.quietestB.greediestC.noisiestD.luckiest35.A.guessB.callingC.treatD.fault【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.A26.A27.B28.D29.B30.A31.C32.D33.B34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者为保护野生动物而成立了一个救援小组，并把援救野生动物当做自己的使命。【21题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我给周围的人打了电话，问我能对这只考拉做些什么，但没有人想知道。A.learnfrom从……中学习；B.doabout处理；C.requireof需要；D.savefor保存为。根据下文中的“Iendedup____2____thekoalaoutofmytreeandwecrossedtheroad____3____forhimtoreturntothenaturereserve.”可知，此处指的是作者不知道如何“处理”在前院树上的考拉。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我把考拉从我的树上赶了出来，我们一起穿过马路，让它回到自然保护区。A.kicking踢；B.shooting射击；C.coaching指导；D.blowing吹，刮。根据空后“outofmytree”以及 “forhimtoreturntothenaturereserve”可知，此处指的是作者决定把考拉从树上“赶”下来。故选C项。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，我把考拉从我的树上赶了出来，我们一起穿过马路，让它回到自然保护区。A.together一起；B.illegally非法的；C.angrily生气地；D.guiltily内疚的。根据上文中的“wecrossedtheroad”可知，此处指的是我们“一起”。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常捡起蜥蜴蛋并孵化它们。A.roll滚动；B.sell售卖；C.break打破；D.hatch孵化。根据上文中的“I’vealwaysbeenbefriendinganimals.”以及“pickuplizardeggs”可知，此处指的是“孵化”符合语境。故选D项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这激发了我的兴趣，为什么没有人愿意来救我树上的这只考拉。A.rescue救援；B.admire羡慕；C.purchase购买；D.identify辨别。根据下文中的“Werescuedhundredsofanimalsand____8____more.”和语境可知，本文与野生动物保护相关，所以此处指的是“援救”考拉。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，我报了所有我能找到的课程。A.courses课程；B.races种族；C.fairs展览会；D.shows展览。根据下文中的“OnceIhadaccreditation(合格证)”可知，此处指的是作者报名学习一些“课程”。故选A项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是一名救护车司机，参加夜间救援。A.watching观察；B.attending参加；C.recording记录；D.assessing评估。根据上文中的“Iwasanambulancedriver”可知，作为救护车司机，作者经常“参加”夜间救援。故选B项。【28题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们拯救了数百只动物，并照顾了更多的动物。A.madeout弄清楚；B.ranacross偶遇；C.gaveup放弃；D.caredfor关心，照顾。根据上文中的“rescuedhundredsofanimals”和语境可知，此处指的是“照顾”野生动物。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我想，为什么不成立自己的救援小组，专注于我的后院呢?A.leave离开；B.start开始，成立；C.dismiss开除，解散；D.advertise做广告。根据下文中的“Ipurchasedatwo-acrepropertyandbuiltenclosuresonitto____10____injuredanimals.”可知，作者购买2英亩的土地是为了“成立”一个救援小组。故选B项。【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我买了一块两英亩的土地，并在上面建了围栏来安置受伤的动物。A.house收藏，安置；B.hunt打猎；C.train训练；D.amuse使愉快。根据上文中的“Ipurchasedatwo-acrepropertyandbuiltenclosuresonit”及常识可知，在地上建围栏是给动物“提供住宿”。故选A项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年，我种了300棵桉树，有7个品种供考拉食用。A.confuse使迷惑；B.direct指引；C.feed喂养；D.test测试。根据上文中的“Iplanted300eucalyptustrees(桉树)”以及下文中的“Icuttheleavesoftheeucalyptustreesforthekoalastoeat”可知，考拉是以桉树叶为食，所以此处指的是供考拉“食用”。故选C项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我砍下桉树的叶子给考拉吃，并照顾我们中心受伤的野生动物。A.aggressive好斗的；B.hungry饥饿的；C.deserted遗弃的；D.injured受伤的。结合语境以及上文中的“lookafter”可知，此处指的是“受伤的”野生动物。故选D项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果它们康复了，就会被放回到它们来的地方。A.sold售卖；B.released发布，释放；C.thrown扔，抛；D.dragged拖拉。根据上文中的“Iftheyrecover”以及语境可知，野生动物受伤后被治疗，痊愈后“释放”到它们来的地方。故选B项。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我觉得我是这个星球上最幸运的女孩，我可以做我喜欢的事情。A.quietest平静；B.greediest贪婪的；C.noisiest吵闹的；D.luckiest幸运的。根据下文中的“IgettodowhatIlove”可知，能够做自己喜欢做的事情，所以作者觉得自己是“最幸运”的人。故选D项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我相信这是我的使命。A.guess猜测；B.calling呼叫，使命；C.treat对待，请客；D.fault毛病。根据上文中的“AsakidIwouldneverhaveimagineddoingthis.IfeellikeI’mthe____14____girlontheplanetthatIgettodowhatIlove.”可知，作者觉得自己小的时候从未想过的事情，现在成了自己喜欢做的事情，所以，作者觉得这是她的“使命”。故选B项。第四部分填词(共三节，满分55分)第一节原文填空(共25小题;每小题1分，满分25分)36.Iwentonan________recently,butmytriptookmelongerthanIexpected.(根据句意填空)【答案】excursion【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：我最近去远足了，但是这次旅行花的时间比我预期的要长。根据句意和my trip可知，此处表示“远足”，应用名词excursion，作宾语，由an可知，应用单数，故填excursion。37.Firstofall,hewroteoutalonglistofallthefoodswhichwere________.(根据句意填空)【答案】forbidden【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：首先，他列出了一个长长的清单，上面列出了所有被禁止的食物。根据句意可知，此处表示“禁止”，应用动词forbid，由were和句意可知，which代指先行词allthefoods，和动词forbid是被动关系，应用过去分词形式与were构成一般过去时的被动语态，故填forbidden。38.Heledmeintohisroomandhurriedlyhidalargeparcelunderhisdesk.Itwasobviousthathewasvery________.(根据句意填空)【答案】embarrassed【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：他把我领进他的房间，急忙把一个大包裹藏在桌子底下。很明显，他很尴尬。根据句意可知，此处为形容词embarrassed“尴尬的”作表语，满足句意要求。故填embarrassed。39.WhenIaskedhimwhathewasdoing,hesmiled________andthenputtheparcelonthedesk.(根据句意填空)【答案】guiltily【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：当我问他在做什么时，他内疚地笑了笑，然后把包裹放在桌子上。根据句意可知，修饰动词“smiled”，应副词guiltily，作状语。故填guiltily。40.She________atitforsometimeandthenadded,“Youdon’tneedbookcasesatall.Youcansithereinyoursparetimeandreadthecarpet!”(根据句意填空)【答案】gazed【解析】【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：她盯着它看了一会儿，然后补充说：“你根本不需要书柜。你有空的时候可以坐在这里看地毯！”根据句意，应为词义为“盯着”的固定搭配，故应为gazeat。且照应并列谓语动词“added”的时态可知，应为一般过去时。故填gazed。41.Isatinfrontofthebustogetagoodviewofthe________.(根据句意填空)【答案】countryside【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：我坐在公共汽车前面，以便能看清楚乡村的景色。根据句意可知，此处表示“乡村”，应用名词countryside，作宾语，不可数，故填countryside。 42.Afterhehadputitonthefloor,he________wenttosleepagain.(根据句意填空)【答案】promptly【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：他把它放在地板上后，很快又睡着了。根据句意可知，应为词义为“立即，马上”的副词作状语修饰动词“went”。故填promptly。43.Heexplainedthathisdietwassostrictthathehadtorewardhimself________.(根据句意填空)【答案】occasionally【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：他解释说，他的饮食是如此严格，他不得不偶尔奖励自己。根据句意可知，此处表示“偶尔”，应用副词occasionally作状语，修饰动词reward，故填occasionally。44.Agustofwindsweptthebedofftheroofandsentit________intothecourtyardbelow.Theyoungmandidnotwakeupuntilthebedhadstrucktheground.Althoughthebedwassmashedtopieces,themanwas________unhurt.(根据句意填空)【答案】①.crashing②.miraculously【解析】【详解】考查动词和副词。句意：一阵风把床从屋顶吹下来，把它吹到了下面的院子里。那个年轻人直到床着地才醒来。尽管床被砸得粉碎，这个人却奇迹般地毫发无伤。第一空表示“坠落”为动词crash，作宾语补足语，应用非谓语动词形式，it和crash是主动关系，应用现在分词形式；第二空表示“奇迹般地”，为副词miraculously，作状语，修饰形容词unhurt，故填crashing；miraculously。45.Tomakemattersworsetheroomisrathersmall,soIhave______putmybooksonthefloor.【答案】temporarily【解析】【详解】本题考查副词。解题要点：根据所给出的句子，结合句意，可推出是temporarily“暂时地”。修饰动词put应用副词形式。结合句意：更糟糕的是，房间很小，所以我暂时把书放在地板上。故答案为temporarily。46.Often,ourwayofthinkingis________onstereotypes-ideasaboutwhatsomeoneorsomethingislike.(根据句意填空)【答案】based【解析】【详解】考查短语。句意：通常，我们的思维方式是基于刻板印象——关于某人或某事是什么样子的想 法。根据句意可知，此处表示“基于”，为短语bebasedon，故填based。47.ButinmanyWesterncultures,ageingisthoughtofasa________experienceand“old”peopleare________withbeingburdensome,weakand“overthehill”.(根据句意填空)【答案】①.negative②.associated【解析】【详解】考查形容词，固定搭配。句意：但在许多西方文化中，变老被认为是一种消极的经历，“老人”与负担、虚弱和“垂垂老矣”联系在一起。根据句意可知，空1应为词义为“消极的”形容词作定语修饰名词“experience”，故应为形容词negative；空2应为词义为“与……联系在一起”的固定搭配beassociatedwith。故填negative；associated。48.Theracestartedandsoon________andphotographersrealisedthatKVSwitzerwas...awoman.(根据句意填空)【答案】spectators【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：比赛开始了，观众和摄影师很快意识到KVSwitzer是……一个女人。根据句意可知，空处应为词义为“观众”的名词作主语，故应为spectator，且为可数名词，故应为复数。故填spectators。49.WhenKathrineSwitzer________forthemarathon,shewroteher________asshealwaysdid,sonoonefoundoutshewasawoman.(根据句意填空)【答案】①.registered②.initials【解析】【详解】考查动词和名词。句意：当凯瑟琳·斯威策登记参加马拉松比赛时，她像往常一样写上了自己名字的首字母，所以没有人发现她是个女人。第一空表示“登记”，为短语registerfor，由wrote可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，第一空应用registered；第二空表示“首字母缩写”，为名词initial，作宾语，不止一个首字母缩写，应用复数形式，故填registered；initials。50.Hedidn’thaveenoughmoneytogotomedicalschool,sohe________foracourseinnursing.(根据句意填空)【答案】applied【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：他没有足够的钱上医学院，所以他申请了护理课程。根据句意和foracourse可知，此处意为“申请”，为短语applyfor，由didn’t可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填applied。51.Later,shewentontoplayanimportantroleasa________,whichledtothefirsteverwomen’sOlympic marathoninthe1984Games.(根据句意填空)【答案】campaigner【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：后来，她继续作为一名活动家发挥重要作用，这使得1984年奥运会上首次举办了女子奥运会马拉松比赛。根据句意和下文“whichledtothefirsteverwomen’sOlympicmarathoninthe1984Games”可知，此处指她是一个活动家，“竞选者”为名词campaigner，作宾语，由a可知，应用单数，故填campaigner。52.JoeHogantookupnursingasayoungman.Hedidn’thavemany________,buthestartedworkingatacommunityhospitalinMississippi,US.(根据句意填空)【答案】qualifications【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：乔·霍根年轻时就开始从事护理工作。他没有多少资格证书，但他开始在美国密西西比州的一家社区医院工作。此处表示“资格证书”，为名词qualification作宾语，由many可知，应用复数形式，故填qualifications。53.—Howdidyoutravelround?—Bytrain,mostly.Trainsareverycrowded,butIsoongotusedtothatandtheexperiencewas________.Somereallyamazingscenery.(根据句意填空)【答案】incredible【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：——你是怎么旅行的？——主要是坐火车。火车非常拥挤，但我很快就习惯了，这样的经历令人难以置信。一些非常神奇的风景。根据空后一句“Somereallyamazingscenery.”可知，此处指“这样的经历令人难以置信”，incredible难以置信的，形容词，在句中作表语，故填incredible。54.Butalso,alotofpeoplespeakEnglishthereasit’san________language,butinsomeplaces,peoplearen’tusedtoseeing________.Allthesame,Ithoughteveryonewasreallywarmandkind,evenwhenwedidn’tunderstandeachother.(根据句意填空)【答案】①.official②.foreigners【解析】【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：但是，许多人说英语，因为它是一种官方语言，但在一些地方，人们不习惯看到外国人。尽管如此，我还是觉得每个人都很热情和善良，即使我们彼此不了解。第一空表示“官方的”，应用形容词official作定语，修饰名词language，officiallanguage意为“官方语言”；第二空 表示“外国人”，应用名词foreigner，作宾语，为可数名词，此处应用复数形式表示泛指，故填official；foreigners。55.“Therewasnocolour________betweenus,”saidBrand,wholaterworkedasaguideshowingtouristsaroundRobbenIsland.Likeme,Mendelacamefromafarm.Weunderstoodthatwesharedthesameskyandthesameair.“Twomengotonwellandbecamequiteclose,althoughthiswasn’tallowedbytheprison________.”(根据句意填空)【答案】①.barrier②.authorities【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：布兰德说：“我们之间没有肤色障碍。”布兰德后来在罗本岛担任导游，带领游客游览。和我一样，曼德拉也来自农场。我们明白我们共享同一片天空和同样的空气。“两个人相处得很好，变得很亲密，尽管这是监狱当局不允许的。”根据句意可知，空1应为词义为“障碍”的名词，且照应“was”，应为原形；空2应为词义为“当局”的名词，且此词义时，应用复数。故填barrier；authorities。第二节首字母填词(共10小题，年小题1.5分，满分15分)首字母填词IndoorskiinginthedeserthasbecomeasymbolofDubai’sstatusasaw____56____,modernmetropolis.Originallyasmallfishingvillage,Dubai’sfortuneschangedforeverwiththed____57____ofoilinthe1960s.Sincethen,ithasbecomethelargestcityintheUnitedArabEmirntes.Buttherapidg____58____hascomeataprice.Topoweritscarsandair-conditioning,thecityhasproducedlargeamountsofcarbondioxide(CO2)fromf____59____fuels.By2006,DubaihadoneoftheI____60____ecologicalfootprintsintheworld.Butnowitismakingsomebigc____61____.Toreduceitsdependenceoncarsandloweritsemissions,Dubaihasinvestedins____62____energy,greenbuildings,andacomprehensivepublictransportationsystem-BrightlyShiningdriverlesstrainsnowrunb____63____themainroads.Inaddition,allnewbuildingsmustmeetstrictenergyr____64____.Smartlightingandcoolingsystemsmustswitcho____65____whennopeoplearepresentinaroom.Newbuildingsmustalsousesolarpanelsforwaterheating.【答案】56.wealthy/worldwide57.discovery58.growth59.fossil60.largest61.changes62.solar/sustainable 63.beside64.regulations65.off【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了迪拜因石油而富有，但同时也产生了大量的二氧化碳。因此，迪拜采取了一些措施减少对环境的污染。【56题详解】考查形容词。句意：沙漠中的室内滑雪已经成为迪拜作为一个富裕、现代化大都市地位的象征。根据句意以及首字母可知，空处应为词义为“富裕的”的形容词作定语修饰名词“metropolis”。也可以是词义为“全世界的”的形容词作定语修饰名词“metropolis”。故填wealthy/worldwide。【57题详解】考查名词。句意：迪拜原本是一个小渔村，随着20世纪60年代石油的发现，它的命运永远改变了。根据句意以及首字母可知，空处应为词义为“发现”的名词作介词“with”的宾语。故填discovery。【58题详解】考查名词。句意：但这种快速增长是有代价的。根据句意以及首字母可知，空处应为词义为“增长”的不可数名词作主语。故填growth。【59题详解】考查名词。句意：为了给汽车和空调提供动力，这座城市从化石燃料中产生了大量的二氧化碳。根据句意以及首字母可知，空处应为词义为“化石”的名词作定语。故填fossil。【60题详解】考查形容词。句意：到2006年，迪拜拥有世界上最大的生态足迹之一。根据句意以及首字母可知，空处应为词义为“大的”形容词作定语修饰名词“footprints”。且照应固定句型oneof+adj-最高级+[C]-复数，故用最高级。故填largest。【61题详解】考查名词。句意：但现在它正在做出一些重大改变。根据句意以及首字母可知，空处应为词义为“改变”的名词作宾语。且照应空前“some”，应为复数形式。故填changes。【62题详解】考查形容词。句意：为了减少对汽车的依赖和降低排放，迪拜投资于太阳能、绿色建筑和综合公共交通系统——明亮的无人驾驶火车现在在主干道旁边运行。根据句意以及首字母可知，空处应为词义为“太阳能（有关）的”形容词作定语修饰名词“energy”。也可以是词义为“可持续的”形容词作定语修饰名词“energy”。故填solar/sustainable。【63题详解】 考查介词。句意：为了减少对汽车的依赖和降低排放，迪拜投资于太阳能、绿色建筑和综合公共交通系统——明亮的无人驾驶火车现在在主干道旁边运行。根据句意以及首字母可知，空处应为词义为“在……旁边”介词。故填beside。【64题详解】考查名词。句意：此外，所有新建筑都必须符合严格的能源法规。根据句意以及首字母可知，空处应为词义为“规定”的名词作宾语。且此词义时，常为复数。故填regulations。【65题详解】考查介词。句意：当房间里没有人时，智能照明和冷却系统必须关闭。根据句意以及首字母可知，应为固定搭配switchoff“关闭”。故填off。第三节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式VincentvanGoghwas____66____(bear)onMarch30,1853,inZundert,asmallvillageinsouthernHolland.Asachild,helovedtodraw,andhisworkshowedtalent,butnooneencouragedhimtobecomeanartist.Asayoungadult,hewanderedfromjobtojobwithlittlesuccess,becomingmoredepressedwitheach____67____.However,inMarch1880,justbeforehis27thbirthday,herealizedthathewasmeanttobeapainter,andhebegantostudyartinBrussels,receiving____68____(finance)helpfromhisbrother.In1886,vanGoghmovedtoParis,____69____(hope)tolearnmoreaboutthecolortechniquesbeingusedbyImpressionistartiststhere.____70____ofgraysandbrowns,hisworkbegantoemphasizeblueandred,andthenyellowandorange.Soonhebegantoseelife____71____(different):Goslow.Stopthinking.Lookaround.You’llseesomethingbeautifulifyouopen____72____(you).Theseweretheprinciplesthatguidedhisart.Withhis____73____(innovation)colorcombinations,vanGoghwantedtoshowothers____74____tobetterappreciateaflower,thenightsky,oraperson’sface.Unfortunately,fewwholivedinvanGogh’stimeappreciatedhiswork.Manylaughedwhentheysawhispaintings,whichhurtthe____75____(sense)artistterribly.【答案】66.born67.failure68.financial69hoping70.Instead71.differently72.yourself73.innovative 74.how75.sensitive【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了梵高成为画家的经历，以及他的创作。【66题详解】考查语态。句意：梵高于1853年3月30日出生于荷兰南部的小村庄津德尔特。由was和句意可知，主语VincentvanGogh和动词bear是被动关系，应用过去分词形式与was构成一般过去时的被动语态，故填born。【67题详解】考查名词。句意：作为一个年轻的成年人，他从一个工作换到另一个工作，都没有成功，每次失败都使他更加沮丧。此处应用名词failure作宾语，由each可知，应用单数，故填failure。【68题详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，在1880年3月，就在他27岁生日之前，他意识到自己注定要成为一名画家，于是他开始在布鲁塞尔学习艺术，并得到了他哥哥的资助。此处应用形容词financial作定语，修饰名词help，故填financial。【69题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1886年，梵高移居巴黎，希望更多地了解当地印象派艺术家所使用的色彩技巧。句中有谓语moved，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，主语vanGogh和动词hope是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，故填hoping。【70题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：他的作品开始强调蓝色和红色，然后是黄色和橙色，而不是灰色和棕色。insteadof固定搭配，意为“代替；而不是……”，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Instead。【71题详解】考查副词。句意：不久，他开始用不同的眼光看待生活：慢慢来。别想了。看看周围。此处应用副词作状语，修饰动词see，故填differently。【72题详解】考查代词。句意：如果你敞开自己，你会看到一些美丽的东西。主语和宾语是同一个，应用反身代词作宾语，表示“你自己”，为反身代词yourself，故填yourself。【73题详解】考查形容词。句意：梵高希望通过他创新的色彩组合向其他人展示如何更好地欣赏一朵花、夜空或一个人的脸。此处应用形容词innovative作定语，修饰名词短语colorcombinations，故填innovative。【74题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：梵高希望通过他创新的色彩组合向其他人展示如何更好地欣赏一朵花、夜空或一个人的脸。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，应用how引导宾语从句，故填how。【75题详解】考查形容词。句意：许多人看到他的画时都笑了，这使这位敏感的艺术家非常伤心。此处应用形容词sensitive作定语，修饰名词artist，表示“敏感的”，故填sensitive。听力答案：1-5CCBAB6-10CCABA11-15CAABC16-20ABBCB