山东省济宁市2023届高三英语三模试题（Word版附解析）

济宁市2023年高考模拟考试英语试题2023.05注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AADayOutattheCityFarmComeandjoinusforadayoffun!Getintouchwithnatureandlearnabouttheimportanceofgrowingourownfood.Bringbackyourownminigardentostartyoururbanfarmingjourney!Date:28May2023(Sunday)Time:8a.m.to5p.m.Venue:CityFarmGUIDEDTOUR9a.m.or3p.m.Freeregistration(registrationends5minutesbeforetourstarts)Ourfriendlyguidewillshareinterestingfactsaboutsomecommonlocalplantsandtheiruses.Youwillhaveanopportunitytotouch,smellandtastesomeofthevegetablesandfruits.Ourguidewillalsohighlightsomefarmingmethodsthatareenvironmentallyfriendly.WORKSHOPS 1.Whatcanavisitorenjoyduringtheguidedtour?A.Tryingoutnewfarmingmethods.B.Tastingsomevegetablesandfruits.C.Visitingthefarmwithoutregistration.D.Sharingknowledgeofplantswiththelocals.2.HowmuchneedacouplewithonechildpayforMyMiniatureGarden?A.$40.B.$55.C.$65.D.$80.3.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheevent?A.Toinstructvisitorstopreparegifts.B.Toadvocatetheprotectionofthefarmplants.C.Topublicizethesaleoforganicproduce.D.Toencouragepeopletogrowtheirownfood.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在城市农场游玩的一天。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据GUIDEDTOUR9a.m.or3p.m.部分下的第二段中“Youwillhaveanopportunitytotouch,smellandtastesomeofthevegetablesandfruits.(你将有机会触摸、闻和品尝一些蔬菜和水果。)”可知，在导游带领下，游客可以品尝一些蔬菜和水果。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据MyMiniatureGarden部分下的“Tickets(paymentatsite):Children$15perpersonAdult$25perperson(门票（即场缴费）：儿童每位15元；成人每位25元)”可知，一对夫妻带着一个孩子去MyMiniatureGarden需要花费：25*2+15=65，故选C。 【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Comeandjoinusforadayoffun!Getintouchwithnatureandlearnabouttheimportanceofgrowingourownfood.Bringbackyourownminigardentostartyoururbanfarmingjourney!(来和我们一起玩一天吧！接触大自然，了解自己种植食物的重要性。带回你自己的小花园，开始你的城市农业之旅！)”和最后两段提到建造小型花园和种子球可推知，文章主要介绍了在城市农场游玩的一天，其目的是为了鼓励人们自己种植食物。故选D。BKeepingalanguagealivecanstrengthenpeople’ssenseofidentityandmostimportantlyleadtothepreservationofawholeculture.ThisisprobablywhyagroupofCherokeemusicartistsdecidedtocreateamusicalbum(唱片)exclusivelyintheCherokeelanguage,ahighlyendangeredNativeAmericanlanguage.Currently,therearefewerthan2,000fluentspeakersofthelanguageremainingintheworld,andthenumberisdecliningeveryyear.Thealbum,tiltedDOAPoaVandpronounced‘Ah’‘Nuh’‘Duh’‘Nah’‘Lees’‘Gi’,means“Performers”inEnglish.Itiscomprisedofarangeofcontemporarystyles,includingPop,Reggae,Country,HeavyMetal,HipHop,andFolk.WithaplannedreleasedateofLaborDayweekend,therecordcompanyisusingtheplatformoftheNationalCherokeeHolidaytogivethisalbumasmuchexposureaspossible.JeremyCharles,akeyfigureingettingthisalbumofftheground,hassaidthatthe“musicwillshineaspotlightonCherokeeartistsandspeakers,andincreaseexposuretoourcultureandlanguageworldwide”.HeaimsforthealbumtobeaninspirationtothenextgenerationofCherokeelanguagelearners.Featuring12Cherokeeartistsrangingfromages14to50,youcanseehowthisalbumisgoingtodoalotforthepromotionofCherokeemusicandcaninspirepeopleofanyagetomakemusicthatconnectswiththeirheritage(遗产).Theyoungestcontributoronthealbum,LillianCharles,isonlyin8thgradebuthadamajorcontributiontotheGoth-popsong“Circus”—asongshewroteattheageof12.ItoriginallywritteninEnglish,sheworkedwithtranslatorsBobbieSmithandKathySierratobeabletofullyexpressherselfinCherokee.ProjectsliketheDOOAPoaValbumbringamodernapproachtorevitalizinglanguageandcultureandencourageayoungeraudience,togetinvolvedandstartlearningtheCherokeelanguage.Onaverage,anativelanguageislostforevereverytwoweeks,andthesepeoplewanttomakesurethattheCherokeelanguageisn’toneofthem.4.Whatcanwelearnaboutthealbumfromparagraph2?A.Ithasvariousmusicalstyles.B.ItistitledPerformersinEnglish. C.ItsingshighpraiseofLaborDay.D.Itwasexposedtothepublicbychance.5.What’sJeremyCharles’sexpectationofthealbum?A.Itwillmakeahugeprofitfortherecordcompany.B.Itcanhelpthe12artistsrisetofameovernight.C.Itwillsatisfythefans’demandforpopmusic.D.Itcanfueltheyouth’sinterestinCherokeelanguage.6.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“revitalizing”inthelastparagraph?A.Translating.B.Reviewing.C.Restoring.D.Creating.7.What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A.Alarming!TheCherokeeLanguageisDyingB.Amazing!An8thGraderisReleasinganAlbumC.BringingMusictoLifewithModernTechnologyD.PreservingaLanguageThroughthePowerofMusic【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一群Cherokee族音乐艺术家专门用高度濒危的印第安语言Cherokee语制作一张音乐专辑，以此来保护这种语言。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Itiscomprisedofarangeofcontemporarystyles,includingPop,Reggae,Country,HeavyMetal,HipHop,andFolk.(它是由一系列的当代音乐风格组成，包括流行音乐，雷鬼音乐，乡村音乐，重金属音乐，嘻哈和民间音乐)”可在，这张专辑有各种各样的音乐风格。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“JeremyCharles,akeyfigureingettingthisalbumofftheground,hassaidthatthe“musicwillshineaspotlightonCherokeeartistsandspeakers,andincreaseexposuretoourcultureandlanguageworldwide”.HeaimsforthealbumtobeaninspirationtothenextgenerationofCherokeelanguagelearners.(JeremyCharles是这张专辑的关键人物，他说，“这张专辑将让切罗基族艺术家和演讲者成为焦点，并增加我们在全世界的文化和语言的曝光度。”他希望这张专辑能够激励下一代人学习Cherokee语)”可知，JeremyCharles希望这张专辑可以激发年轻人对Cherokee语的兴趣。故选D。【6题详解】词句猜测题。由画线单词下文“encourageayoungeraudience,togetinvolvedandstartlearningtheCherokee language(鼓励年轻观众参与进来，开始学习Cherokee语)”可知，这些项目鼓励年轻观众开始学习Cherokee语，这说明这些项目能振兴语言和文化，即恢复语言和文化，由此可推知，划线单词revitalizing与C项“Restoring(恢复)”意思相近，故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Keepingalanguagealivecanstrengthenpeople’ssenseofidentityandmostimportantlyleadtothepreservationofawholeculture.ThisisprobablywhyagroupofCherokeemusicartistsdecidedtocreateamusicalbum(唱片)exclusivelyintheCherokeelanguage,ahighlyendangeredNativeAmericanlanguage.(保持一种语言的活力可以增强人们的认同感，最重要的是可以保存整个文化。这可能就是为什么一群Cherokee族音乐艺术家决定专门用这种高度濒危的印第安语言Cherokee语制作一张音乐专辑)”可知，文章主要讲述了一群Cherokee族音乐艺术家专门用高度濒危的印第安语言Cherokee语制作一张音乐专辑，以此来保护这种语言，D项“通过音乐的力量来保护语言”适合做文章标题，故选D。CWhatisthe15-minutecity?It’stheurbanplanningconceptthateverythingcityresidentsneedshouldbeashortwalkorbikerideaway—about15minutesfromhometowork,shopping,entertainment,restaurants,schools,parksandhealthcare.Supportersarguethat15-minutecitiesarehealthierforresidentsandtheenvironment,creatingunitedmini-communities,boostinglocalbusinesses,andencouragingpeopletogetoutside,walk,andcycle.ManycitiesacrossEuropeoffersimilarideas,butParishasbecomeitsposterchild.MayorAnneHidalgohassoughttofightclimatechangebydecreasingchokingtrafficinthestreetsandfuelemissions.In2015,Pariswas17thonthelistofbike-friendlycities;by2019,itwas8th.Carownership,meanwhile,droppedfrom60percentofhouseholdsin2001to35percentin2019.The15-minutecityfiguredlargelyinHidalgo’ssuccessful2020re-electioncampaign.TheideahasalsogainedsupportintheU.S.Itclearlywon’tworkeverywhere:NoteverycityisascentralizedandwalkableasParis.Somecar-dominatedcitieslikeLosAngelesandPhoenixwouldbehard-pressedtoprovideeverythingpeopleneedwithinwalkingdistance.Inaddition,someurbanplannersarguethatthe15-minutecitycouldincreasetheseparationofneighborhoodsbyincome.Neighborhoodsequippedwithalltheconveniencesrequiredbythe15-minutecityalsotendtohavehighhousingcostsandwealthierresidents.Despitesomeresistance,thebasicprinciplesbehindthe15-minutecityareinfluencingplanningincitiesaroundtheworld,includingMelbourne,Barcelona,BuenosAires,Singapore,andShanghai.UrbandesignerandthinkerJayPittersayscitieswherebasicneedsarewithinwalkingdistancecreatemoreindividualfreedomthanneedingtodriveeverywhere.“Inacitywhereservicesarealwayscloseby,”hesays,“mobilityisachoice:Yougo whereyouwantbecauseyouwantto,notbecauseyouhaveto.Myfightisnotagainstthecar.Myfightishowwecouldimprovethequalityoflife.”8.Whichbestdescribesthe15-minutecity?A.Modern.B.Convenient.C.Entertaining.D.Smart.9.What’stheoriginalintentionforParistoadvocatethe15-minutecity?A.Toaddressclimateissues.B.Tobeautifythecity.C.Topromotethebikeindustry.D.TohelpHidalgogetre-elected.10.What’ssomeurbanplanners’worryaboutthe15-minutecity?A.Itslowsthecity’sexpansion.B.Itrepresentsasetbackforsociety.C.Itmaywidenthegapbetweenneighborhoods.D.Itcancausethespecializationofneighborhoods.11.What’sJayPitter’sattitudetotheconceptof15-minutecity?A.Doubtful.B.Favorable.C.Critical.D.Uninterested.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。15分钟城市的理念是城市居民需要的一切都应该是短距离步行或骑自行车出行——从家到上班、购物、娱乐、餐馆、学校、公园和医疗中心大约需要15分钟，这对于居民来说很方便。文章主要介绍了15分钟城市的理念的起源以及人们对该理念的不同观点。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Whatisthe15-minutecity?It’stheurbanplanningconceptthateverythingcityresidentsneedshouldbeashortwalkorbikerideaway—about15minutesfromhometowork,shopping,entertainment,restaurants,schools,parksandhealthcare.(什么是15分钟城市？城市规划的理念是，城市居民需要的一切都应该是短距离步行或骑自行车出行——从家到上班、购物、娱乐、餐馆、学校、公园和医疗中心大约需要15分钟)”可知，15分钟城市的理念是城市居民需要的一切都应该是短距离步行或骑自行车出行——从家到上班、购物、娱乐、餐馆、学校、公园和医疗中心大约需要15分钟，这对于居民来说很方便，由此可推知，B项“Convenient(便利的)”这个词最能描述出15分钟城市的特点，故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“ManycitiesacrossEuropeoffersimilarideas,butParishasbecomeitsposter child.MayorAnneHidalgohassoughttofightclimatechangebydecreasingchokingtrafficinthestreetsandfuelemissions.(欧洲许多城市都提供了类似的理念，但巴黎已成为其典型代表。市长AnneHidalgo试图通过减少令人窒息的街道交通和燃料排放来应对气候变化)”可知，巴黎倡导15分钟城市的初衷是解决气候问题，故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Inaddition,someurbanplannersarguethatthe15-minutecitycouldincreasetheseparationofneighborhoodsbyincome.Neighborhoodsequippedwithalltheconveniencesrequiredbythe15-minutecityalsotendtohavehighhousingcostsandwealthierresidents.(此外，一些城市规划者认为，15分钟的城市可以加大社区的收入差距。拥有这个15分钟城市所需要的所有便利设施的社区往往住房成本较高，居民也较为富裕)”可知，一些城市规划者对这个15分钟城市的担心是，它可能会加大邻里之间的差距，故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“UrbandesignerandthinkerJayPittersayscitieswherebasicneedsarewithinwalkingdistancecreatemoreindividualfreedomthanneedingtodriveeverywhere.(城市设计师和思想家JayPitter说，那些基本需求在步行距离之内的城市创造了比到处开车更多的个人自由)”可推知，JayPitter对15分钟城市理念的态度是赞成的，故选B。DThousandsofyearshavepassedsincehumansdiscoveredsilk,butscientistsarestillfindingnewusesforthisremarkablematerial.Nowresearcherssayitcouldhelptackleagrowingenvironmentalandhealthconcern:Micro-plastics.Micro-plasticsthatarenowfoundworldwideareincreasinglyrecognizedasaseriouspollutionthreat,andhavebeenfoundinthebloodstreamofanimalsandpeople.Someofthesemicroplasticsareintentionallyaddedtoavarietyofproductstogenerallyprotectsomespecificactivecomponentsfrombeingdegradedbyexposuretoair.Forexample,vitaminsareoftendeliveredintheformofmicrocapsulespackedintoapillorcapsule,andherbicides(除草剂)aresimilarlyenveloped.Butthematerialsusedtodayforsuchmicro-encapsulationareplasticsthatstayintheenvironmentforalongtime.Todate,therehasbeennopractical,economicalalternativeavailablethatwouldbiodegradenaturally.ResearchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandchemicalcompanyBASFdevelopedasilk-basedbiodegradablealternativetothesecapsules.Silkisrecognizedassafeforfoodormedicaluse,asitdegradesnaturallyinthebody.Thesilkproteinusedinthenewalternativematerialiswidelyavailableandinexpensiveandthesilkfiberscansimplybedissolved(溶解), leadresearcherBenedettoMarellisays.Besides,theprocessingissosimpleandtun-ablethattheresultingmaterialcanbeadaptedtoworkonexistingmanufacturingequipment.Replacingnon-biodegradablemicro-capsuleswithsilkmightnotworkineverycase,butgiventhecurrentandfuturechallengesrelatedtofoodinsecurity,agriculturalproduction,andachangingclimate,thesilk-basedmaterialisofgreatimportance.Productsusingsilk-basedmicro-capsulesareexpectedtobecommerciallyavailableinafewyears.Andtheresearcherswillnexttryencapsulatingactivecomponentsthatcouldrequireadifferentmanufacturingapproach,suchasthosethatmustremaininliquidorgasforms.12.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?A.Removingplasticpollutionisapieceofcake.B.Micro-plasticscandegradequicklyandnaturally.C.Micro-plasticshavebecomeaseverepollutionthreat.D.Developinganalternativeformicro-plasticsisurgent.13.What’sthemajorconcernofresearcherschoosingsilkasanalternative?A.Itiseconomical.B.Itisbiodegradable.C.Itiswidelyavailable.D.Itisskin-friendly.14.What’sthelastparagraphmainlyaboutconcerningthesilk-basedmaterial?A.Itspromisingfuture.B.Itsmarketingmethod.C.Itsexistinglimitations.D.Itsmakingapproach.15.Inwhichpartofamagazinecanthepassageprobablybefound?A.Climate.B.Agriculture.C.TechnologyAdvances.D.HealthGuidelines.【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。人类发现丝绸已经过去了几千年了，但是科学家们仍然在寻找这种非凡材料的新用途。现在，研究人员说，它可以帮助解决日益增长的环境和健康问题：微塑料。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院和巴斯夫化学公司的研究人员开发了一种丝质生物降解胶囊替代品。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Micro-plasticsthatarenowfoundworldwideareincreasinglyrecognizedasaseriouspollutionthreat,andhavebeenfoundinthebloodstreamofanimalsandpeople.Someofthesemicroplasticsareintentionallyaddedtoavarietyofproductstogenerallyprotectsomespecificactivecomponentsfrombeingdegradedbyexposuretoair....Todate,therehasbeennopractical,economicalalternativeavailablethat wouldbiodegradenaturally.(现在在世界各地发现的微型塑料越来越被认为是一种严重的污染威胁，并且已经在动物和人的血液中发现。其中一些微型塑料被有意添加到各种产品中，以通常保护一些特定的活性成分不因暴露于空气中而降解……到目前为止，还没有实际的、经济的、可以自然降解的替代品。)”可推知，开发微塑料的替代品迫在眉睫。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Thesilkproteinusedinthenewalternativematerialiswidelyavailableandinexpensiveandthesilkfiberscansimplybedissolved(溶解),leadresearcherBenedettoMarellisays.(首席研究员BenedettoMarelli说，在这种新替代材料中使用的丝蛋白质可以广泛获得，而且价格低廉，丝纤维可以简单地溶解。)”可知，研究人员选择丝绸作为可替代品的主要关注点是，它是可生物降解的。故选B。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Replacingnon-biodegradablemicro-capsuleswithsilkmightnotworkineverycase,butgiventhecurrentandfuturechallengesrelatedtofoodinsecurity,agriculturalproduction,andachangingclimate,thesilk-basedmaterialisofgreatimportance.(用丝绸代替不可生物降解的微胶囊可能不是在每种情况下都有效，但是考虑到当前和未来与粮食不安全、农业生产和气候变化有关的挑战，丝质材料是非常重要的。)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了丝绸材料的光明前途，故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“ResearchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandchemicalcompanyBASFdevelopedasilk-basedbiodegradablealternativetothesecapsules.(麻省理工学院和巴斯夫化学公司的研究人员开发了一种丝质生物降解胶囊替代品。)”可推知，文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院和巴斯夫化学公司的研究人员开发了一种丝质生物降解胶囊替代品。这是一种新的技术，由此可推知，这篇文章可能在杂志的技术前沿部分找到，故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Growingplantsisoftenseenasavery“green”thingtodo,butlikemanyproducts,theytakeahugeamountofenergytoproduce.____16____Forexample,theyusegeothermal(地热的)energytoheatgreenhousesandsolarpowertosupplyelectricityandlighting.Whiledomesticgrowingdoesn’tinvolvethesamecarbonfootprintascommercialgrowing,it’simportanttoconsiderwhatwecanalldotominimizeourownimpactwhilestillenjoyinggrowingplants. Over-consumptionofplantsisabigissue.It’ssoeasytogetoverexcitedwhenyouseealltheseincredibleplants,andyoucanendupcarryinghomehugenumbersofthem.____17____Themoreplantsyouhave,themorelimitedyourtimeandresourcesbecome,andplantscansuffer.Thisleadstoanotherissue-manypeoplemayendupthrowingawaytheirplantswhichdon’tlookperfectorstopflowering,inasimilarwaytotheworldoffastfashion.____18____.Ifyouarereadyandabletoincreaseyourcollection,propagate(繁殖)fromyourownplantsratherthanbuyingmore,andshareplantswithothers.____19____Meanwhile,wecanbuildacommunityoflike-minded,passionateplantpeople.Recyclingtakesahugeamountofinput,whichcanendupmoredamagingtotheenvironment,soinsteadofbuyingsomethingoflowerqualitythatneedsreplacingeveryyear,buyfewerthingsofahigherquality.____20____Andtheycanbepasseddownthegenerations.A.Butlargecollectionscallforanenormousamountofwork.BManycommercialgrowerscontinuetomarkettheirproduce.C.Thisremovestheneedtobuyplantsandencouragesasharingculture.D.Thesewilllastmanyyearsandbemorecost-effectiveinthelongterm.ESoit’simportanttoassessyourcollectionandbuyplantsyouhavetimetolookafter.F.Throwingthemawaywillgreatlyreduceyourgardeningfootprintontheenvironment.G.Manylarge-scalegrowershaveusedtechnologytominimizetheirimpactontheenvironment.【答案】16.G17.A18.E19.C20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了植物过度消耗所带来的危害，以及我们该如何做。【16题详解】上文“Growingplantsisoftenseenasavery“green”thingtodo,butlikemanyproducts,theytakeahugeamountofenergytoproduce.(种植植物通常被认为是一件非常“绿色”的事情，但是像许多产品一样，它们需要大量的能量来生产。)”提到种植植物需要大量的能量，下文“Forexample,theyusegeothermal(地热的)energytoheatgreenhousesandsolarpowertosupplyelectricityandlighting.(例如，他们利用地热能加热温室，利用太阳能供应电力和照明。)”举例说明种植者是如何减少种植对环境的影响，G项“许多大规模种植者已经使用技术来尽量减少对环境的影响。”符合，下文的“They”代指选项中的“Manylarge-scalegrowers”，故选G。【17题详解】 上文“It’ssoeasytogetoverexcitedwhenyouseealltheseincredibleplants,andyoucanendupcarryinghomehugenumbersofthem.(当你看到这些令人难以置信的植物时，你很容易过度兴奋，最后你可能会带回家大量的植物。)”提到将大量植物带回家，下文“Themoreplantsyouhave,themorelimitedyourtimeandresourcesbecome,andplantscansuffer.(你拥有的植物越多，你的时间和资源就会变得越有限，植物就会受到伤害)”指出将大量植物带回家所产生的不好结果，即为什么不要将大量植物带回家，由此可知，空处引起下文，和上文是转折关系，也是指出为什么不要将大量植物带回家，A项“但是大量的植物收藏需要大量的工作。”符合，下文对此进行进一步解释，故选A。【18题详解】上文“Thisleadstoanotherissue-manypeoplemayendupthrowingawaytheirplantswhichdon’tlookperfectorstopflowering,inasimilarwaytotheworldoffastfashion.(这就引出了另一个问题——许多人可能最终会抛弃那些看起来不完美的植物，或者停止开花，就像快时尚界一样。)”可知，将大量植物带回家的结果是最终会抛弃那些看起来不完美的植物，空处对本段进行总结，告诉我们正确的做法是什么，E项“因此，重要的是评估你的收集且购买你有时间照顾的植物。”故选E。【19题详解】上文“Ifyouarereadyandabletoincreaseyourcollection,propagate(繁殖)fromyourownplantsratherthanbuyingmore,andshareplantswithothers.(如果你已经准备好并且能够增加你的收藏，那么你要用你自己的植物繁殖更多的植物而不是购买更多，并且与他人分享植物。)”提到要用自己的植物繁殖，并且与他人分享，空处承接上文，指出这么做的好处，C项“这消除了购买植物的需要，鼓励了一种分享文化。”符合，上文中的“shareplantswithothers”呼应选项中的“asharingculture”，故选C。【20题详解】上文“Recyclingtakesahugeamountofinput,whichcanendupmoredamagingtotheenvironment,soinsteadofbuyingsomethingoflowerqualitythatneedsreplacingeveryyear,buyfewerthingsofahigherquality.(回收需要大量的投入，这最终可能对环境造成更大的破坏，所以与其买一些质量较差的东西，每年都需要更换，不如少买一些质量较高的东西。)”指出与其买一些质量较差的东西，每年都需要更换，不如少买一些质量较高的东西，空处承接上文，解释了这么做的原因，D项“这些东西将持续多年，而且从长远来看更具成本效益。”符合，“These”代指上文“buyfewerthingsofahigherquality”，故选D。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IrecentlyattendedaweddinginCanada,inthecountryside.WhentheTaxidriversentusbackatmidnight,Iwas____21____worriedallthewayhomeabouttippinghimsinceIwasnotrich.I____22____nervouslyinmy purseandrealizedthatallIhadwasa$100note,whichIwaskeepingfora(n)____23____,nothingelsebuttwochocolatesfromthewedding.Icouldn’tnottiphim,soIwas____24____betweenarockandahardplace.Ihandedinthenoteatlast,controllingtheurgetoaskfor____25____.Tippinghaslongbeenasourceof____26____interactionsthroughouttheworld.Tippingcustoms____27____wildlyfromcountrytocountry,whichgeneratesnosmallamountof____28____.Norwegians,whocomefromaculturewherewagesarehighandtipsarelow,could____29____peopleinLasVegaswiththeirtinyofferings.____30____,high-tippingAmericansmightangerpeopleinTokyobecausegoodserviceinJapanisa____31____ofhonour.Suchanembarrassedmessoftenoccursbecausethere’sno____32____logictoanyofthis.None!Similarly,a2016studyfromCornellUniversity,____33____,thatpeoplearetwiceaslikelytotipasupermarketdeliverypersonthanasupermarketstoreworker.Whyisthat?Andnobodycanworkoutthereasonsforthis____34____.Perhaps,tippingoneandnottheotheronly____35____intermsofwhathasbecomecustomary.21.A.helplesslyB.curiouslyC.secretlyD.strangely22.A.selectedB.fishedC.weighedD.calculated23.A.emergencyB.tipC.awardD.deal24.A.buriedB.lostC.stuckD.locked25.A.gratitudeB.permissionC.helpD.change26.A.commonB.awkwardC.necessaryD.active27.A.varyB.spreadC.growD.work28.A.panicB.harmC.bondD.confusion29.A.amuseB.astonishC.annoyD.satisfy30.A.ThereforeB.LikewiseC.OtherwiseD.Furthermore31.A.matterB.choiceC.wayD.trick32.A.officialB.convenientC.practicalD.consistent33.A.foundB.ensuredC.confirmedD.witnessed34.A.assumptionB.conceptC.differenceD.accident35.A.paysoffB.takesplaceC.takeseffectD.makessense【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.C25.D26.B27.A28.D29.C30.B31.A32.D33.A34.C35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以自己在法国坐车给司机小费事为例子，引出了文章主题：不同国 家的小费习俗差异很大，造成了不小的混乱。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当出租车司机半夜把我们送回来的时候，我一路上都在暗自担心给他小费的事，因为我并不富有。A.helplessly无助地；B.curiously好奇地；C.secretly暗自地；D.strangely奇怪地。由上文“WhentheTaxidriversentusbackatmidnight,”和下文“worriedallthewayhomeabouttippinghimsinceIwasnotrich”可知，作者并不富有，所以在回来的路上，一直暗自担心给司机小费的事。故选C。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我紧张地在钱包里摸找，意识到我只有一张100美元的钞票，这100美元是我为了应付紧急情况而准备的，除了两块婚礼上的巧克力，包里什么都没有。A.selected挑选；B.fished摸找；C.weighed称重；D.calculated计算。由下文“nervouslyinmypurseandrealizedthatallIhadwasa$100note,”可知，作者在钱包里摸，要找钱。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我紧张地在钱包里摸找，意识到我只有一张100美元的钞票，这100美元是我为了应付紧急情况而准备的，除了两块婚礼上的巧克力，包里什么都没有。A.emergency紧急情况；B.tip建议；C.award奖品；D.deal交易。由上文“realizedthatallIhadwasa$100note,whichIwaskeepingfora(n)”可知，作者钱包里只有100美元，这是为了应付紧急情况而准备的。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不能不给他小费，所以我陷入了进退两难的境地。A.buried埋葬的；B.lost丢失的；C.stuck陷入困境的；D.locked锁上的。由上文“Icouldn’tnottiphim”可知，作者钱包里只有100美元，这是为紧急情况而准备的，不能给司机作为小费，所以作者陷入进退两难的境地，bestuckbetweenarockandahardplace意为“陷入进退两难的境地”。故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后我递给了他这张钞票，控制住了要求他找钱的冲动。A.gratitude感谢；B.permission允许；C.help帮助；D.change找回的钱。由上文“Ihandedinthenoteatlast,controllingtheurgetoaskfor”和上文提到的作者只有100美元的一张钞票，以及作者并不富有可知，作者本打算要司机找钱，所以此处指作者控制住了要求找钱的冲动。故选D。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，小费一直是世界各地尴尬互动的一个来源。A.common共同的；B.awkward尴尬的；C.necessary有必要的；D.active积极的。由下文“Suchanembarrassedmessoften”可知，不同国家的小费习俗差异很大，造成了不小的混乱，所以说小费一直是世界各地尴尬互动的一个来源。故选B。 【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不同国家的小费习俗差异很大，造成了不小的混乱。A.vary变化；B.spread传播；C.grow长大；D.work工作。由下文“wildlyfromcountrytocountry”可知，不同国家的小费习俗差异很大，varyfrom...to...固定搭配，意为“从……到……不同”。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不同国家的小费习俗差异很大，造成了不小的混乱。A.panic惊慌；B.harm损害；C.bond联系；D.confusion混乱。由下文“Suchanembarrassedmess”可知，此处指不同国家的小费习俗差异很大，造成了不小的混乱。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：挪威人来自一个工资高、小费低的文化，他们提供的微不足道的服务可能会惹恼拉斯维加斯的人们。A.amuse使娱乐；B.astonish使惊讶；C.annoy使恼怒；D.satisfy使满意。由上文“Norwegians,whocomefromaculturewherewagesarehighandtipsarelow”和下文“peopleinLasVegaswiththeirtinyofferings.”可知，挪威人来自一个工资高、小费低的文化，所以他们提供的微不足道的服务可能会惹恼拉斯维加斯的人们。故选C。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，给高额小费的美国人可能会激怒东京人，因为在日本，良好的服务是一个荣誉问题。A.Therefore因此；B.Likewise同样地；C.Otherwise否则；D.Furthermore此外。上文“Norwegians,whocomefromaculturewherewagesarehighandtipsarelow,could___9___peopleinLasVegaswiththeirtinyofferings.”和下文“high-tippingAmericansmightangerpeopleinTokyobecausegoodserviceinJapanisa____11__ofhonour.”都在举例子说明不同国家的小费习俗差异很大，造成了不小的混乱，所以此处表示“同样地”。故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，给高额小费的美国人可能会激怒东京人，因为在日本，良好的服务是一个荣誉问题。A.matter问题；B.choice选择；C.way方法；D.trick诡计。由上文“goodserviceinJapanisa”和下文“ofhonour”可知，在日本，良好的服务是一个荣誉问题，amatterof固定搭配，意为“……的问题”。故选A。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种尴尬的混乱经常发生，因为没有一致的逻辑。A.official官方的；B.convenient方便的；C.practical实用的；D.consistent一致的。由上文“Suchanembarrassedmessoftenoccurs”可知，这种尴尬的混乱经常发生，因为没有统一一致的逻辑。故选D。【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同样，2016年一项来自康奈尔大学的研究发现，人们给超市送货员小费的可能性是超市店员的两倍。A.found发现；B.ensured确保；C.confirmed确认；D.witnessed见证。由下文“thatpeoplearetwiceaslikelytotipasupermarketdeliverypersonthanasupermarketstoreworker.”可知，人们给超市送货员小费的可能性是超市店员的两倍，这是研究发现的。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有人能够找出造成这种差异的原因。A.assumption假设；B.concept概念；C.difference差异；D.accident事故。由上文“thatpeoplearetwiceaslikelytotipasupermarketdeliverypersonthanasupermarketstoreworker.”可知，研究发现，人们给超市送货员小费的可能性是超市店员的两倍，这说明给超市员和送货员的小费很不同，即差异很大。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：也许，给一个人小费而不是另一个人只有在已经成为习惯的情况下才讲得通。A.paysoff得以回报；B.takesplace发生；C.takeseffect生效；D.makessense讲得通。由上文“Andnobodycanworkoutthereasonsforthis__14___”，“Perhaps,tippingoneandnottheotheronly”和下文“intermsofwhathasbecomecustomary.”可知，人们给超市送货员小费的可能性是超市店员的两倍，为什么会有那么大的差异，无人知道，或许一个讲得通的解释是：这已经成为了习惯。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。BringingNationalTreasurestoLifeAcross-bordercooperationminiconcertheldbysixnationaltreasureshasgoneviralovernight,____36____(touch)theheartsofaudiencesaroundtheworld.Inthecatchymusic“DalaBongba”,thesix“bigbrothers”fromthefieldofculturalrelicssingproudlyandskillfully,creatingan____37____(except)scene.Amongthem,themostshiningChangxinPalacelanternsings,holdingthetorchandsending____38____(blessing)totheaerospacerocket;theSanxingduibronzemaskuses____39____(extreme)richfacialexpressionstopraisethebeautifullifeafterpoverty-reliefefforts....Thenationaltreasuresarenolongercoldanddistantobjects____40____(house)inmuseumsbutlivelyandhumorousentertainerswhocansingandtalk.Chinahasmanymuseumsin____41____thecollectionsofculturalrelicsarebeyondcount.Itwouldbeapityifsomanyculturalrelicsandculturalheritageswereonlydisplayedinmuseumcabinets,lifelessandcold.Aimed____42____“bringinglifetothenationaltreasures”,scientificandtechnologicalinnovations____43____(integrate)withculturalconservationinthepastfewyears.Thetechnologythatmakestheseculturalrelics“talk”isnotcomplicated;thedifficultyliesintheinspiration ofcreativity.Thecreativityofthisminiconcertis____44____greatsuccess:tosomeextent,itoffersaChineseway____45____(preserve)theworld-wideculturalrelics.【答案】36.touching37.exceptional38.blessings39.extremely40.housed41.which42.at43.havebeenintegrated44.a45.topreserve【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由六大国宝举办的跨境合作小型音乐会一夜之间走红，触动了全世界观众的心。这场迷你音乐会的创意非常成功：在某种程度上，它提供了一种保护世界文化遗产的中国方式。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由六大国宝举办跨境合作小型音乐会一夜之间走红，触动了全世界观众的心。句中有谓语动词hasgoneviral，且前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，主语Across-bordercooperationminiconcert和动词touch是逻辑主动关系，应用现在分词形式，故填touching。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：在朗朗上口的音乐《达拉邦巴》中，来自文物界的六位“大哥哥”自豪而娴熟地演唱，创造了一个非凡的场景。此处应用形容词exceptional作定语，修饰名词scene，表示“非凡的”，故填exceptional。【38题详解】考查名词的数。句意：其中，最闪亮的长殿灯笼发出歌声，它们手持火炬，为航天火箭送上祝福；三星堆青铜面具用极其丰富的面部表情来赞美扶贫努力后的美好生活……此处应用名词blessing作宾语，表示“祝福”，为可数名词，用复数形式表示泛指，故填blessings。【39题详解】考查副词。句意：其中，最闪亮的长殿灯笼发出歌声，它们手持火炬，为航天火箭送上祝福；三星堆青铜面具用极其丰富的面部表情来赞美扶贫努力后的美好生活……此处应用副词extremely作状语，修饰形容词rich，故填extremely。【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：国宝不再是博物馆里冰冷而遥远的物品，而是生动而幽默的艺人，它们会唱歌、会说话。句中有谓语are，且前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰objects，且动词house(收藏，存放)和名词objects之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填housed。【41题详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国有许多博物馆，其中收藏的文物数不胜数。此处是介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为museums，指物，作介词in的宾语，应用关系代词which，故填which。【42题详解】考查介词。句意：过去几年，科技创新与文化保护相结合，旨在“为国宝注入生机”。beaimedat固定搭配，意为“旨在”，Aimedat在句中作状语，故填at。【43题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：过去几年，科技创新与文化保护相结合，旨在“为国宝注入生机”。此处在句中作谓语，由inthepastfewyears可知，句子用现在完成时，且主语scientificandtechnologicalinnovations和动词integrate是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动，主语是复数，助动词为have，故填havebeenintegrated。44题详解】考查冠词。句意：这场迷你音乐会的创意非常成功：在某种程度上，它提供了一种保护世界文化遗产的中国方式。success“成功的事”此处是可数名词，表示泛指，意为“一件成功的事”，应用不定冠词来修饰，且great发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a，故填a。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这场迷你音乐会的创意非常成功：在某种程度上，它提供了一种保护世界文化遗产的中国方式。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词way，a/thewaytodosth.固定搭配，意为“做某事的方法”，故填topreserve。第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第二节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华。你校英文报CampusLife将为“NeverFadingMemories”主题征文大赛举行颁奖活动。请你给外教Caroline写封邮件，邀请她做颁奖嘉宾，内容包括：1.发出邀请；2.时间地点；3.嘉宾活动安排。注意：1.写作词数应为80左； 2.参考词汇：颁奖嘉宾awardpresenter;3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearCaroline,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua【答案】DearCaroline,Ihopethisemailfindsyouwell.OurEnglishnewspaper,CampusLife,willholdanawardingceremonyfortheessaycompetitionthemed“NeverFadingMemories”.Iamwritingtoinviteyoutobeourawardpresenterandguestspeaker.Theceremonywilltakeplaceat9a.m.thisSaturdayintheLectureHall.Thewinnersofthecompetitionwouldbehonoredifyoupresentmedalstothem.Besides,youareexpectedtodeliverashortspeechandshareyourinsightsintothetopic.Yourconsiderableexpertiseandconstructiveadvicewouldbehighlyanticipated.Thanksinadvance.Bestregards.Yourssincerely,LiHua【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。假定你是李华。你校英文报CampusLife将为“NeverFadingMemories”主题征文大赛举行颁奖活动。请你给外教Caroline写封邮件，邀请她做颁奖嘉宾，内容包括：发出邀请；时间地点；嘉宾活动安排。【详解】1.词汇积累授予：present→award此外：Besides→Inaddition发表简短的演讲：deliverashortspeech→makeabriefspeech建议：advice→suggestion 2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：OurEnglishnewspaper,CampusLife,willholdanawardingceremonyfortheessaycompetitionthemed“NeverFadingMemories”.拓展句：OurEnglishnewspaper,CampusLife,willholdanawardingceremonyfortheessaycompetitionwhosethemeis“NeverFadingMemories”.【点睛】[高分句型1]OurEnglishnewspaper,CampusLife,willholdanawardingceremonyfortheessaycompetitionthemed“NeverFadingMemories”.(运用了非谓语动词作后置定语)[高分句型2]Thewinnersofthecompetitionwouldbehonoredifyoupresentmedalstothem.(运用了if引导的状语从句)第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。“Anursinghomewouldbesafer,Dad,”Arlyntoldherfather,Jim.“Noway,”Jiminterrupted.Hiswifepassedawayjustayearbefore.At91,hestillwantedtoremaininthecottageheandhiswifehadbuilt.JimstartedexperiencinganearlysignofAlzheimer’sdisease.Arlynfoundhisdeclinewasindeedall-consuming.However,sheherselfwasinherlatesixties;herhousewasa40-minutedrivefromthecottage.Oneday,whenshereadaboutaneweldercareservicecalledCare.coach,itfueledherinterest.Forabout$200amonth,acomputerizedavatar(头像)(controlledremotelybyahumancaregiver)wouldwatchoverahome-boundperson24hoursaday.Shesignedupimmediately.Aweeklater,atabletarrived.Followingtheinstructions,Arlynuploadeddozensoffamilypictures.Thenananimateddogappearedonthescreen.ShepresentedthetablettoJim,pointingtothescreenpet,andsaidexcitedly,“HereDad.Youhaveanewcompanion.”Jim,doubtfulaboutthedog’sservice,knewhehadtolearnhowtogetalongwiththedogbeforeAlzheimer’stookhold.Withinaweek,Jimandhisdog,whomhenamedPony,settledintoaroutine.Every15minutesorso,PonywouldlookforJimcallinghisnameifhewasoutofview.SometimesJimwould“pet”toawakethesleepingPonyonscreen.PonyremindedJimwhichcaretakerwouldbevisitingtodothetasks:preparingmeals,drivinghimtoaseniorcenter,etc.Ponywouldreadpoetryaloudordiscussthenews.WhenPonypraisedJim’ssweater,JimrepaidbypettingPony’sscreenwithhisfingersendingheartsfloatingupfromthedog’shead.OneeveningwhenArlyncametovisitherfatherasusual,shewasamazedtofindthatPonywasholdingupaphotoofherlatemumtoherdadbetweenitspaws. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Jimstaredatthephotofondly,withtearswellingupinhiseyes.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________SeeingtheclosebondbetweenPonyandherdad,Arlynfeltarelief.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Jimstaredatthephotofondly,withtearswellingupinhiseyes.MemoriesflashedthroughJim’smind.Ithadbeenmorethanayearsincehiswife’sdeathandhardlyhadhementionedheranymore.Thatday,though,hegazedatthephotoaffectionatelyanddeclaredemotionally,“Istillloveher”.SensingJim’ssadness,PonysentheartstoJimonthescreenandcomfortedhim.UpliftedbyPony’slovingremarks,JimpettedPony’screenwithhisfingersendingheartsfloatingupfromthedog’sheadagain.Ponyrespondedwithitstailwaggingcheerfully.Arlynsatinsilence,withanillusionofslippingbacktotheoldhappydays.SeeingtheclosebondbetweenPonyandherdad,Arlynfeltarelief.ShewasamazedatPony’sheart-warmingserviceandherdad’sfondnessforPony.Ponywasmorethanjustavirtualcompanion;rather,hehadbecomeamemberofthefamily,aloyalfriendwhohadhelpedthemthroughthetoughtimes.Withtimegoingby,Arlynnoticedtheimprovementinherfather’scognitiveabilityandmood,andhegotmoreengagedinconversations.ArlynwasgratefultoPony.KnowingthatPonywasnotasubstituteforhumaninteraction,sheresolvedtocherisheverymomentwithherdad,forthepresenceoflovedoneswascrucial.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Arlyn的母亲一年前去世，91岁的父亲Jim，患有老年痴呆症，他不愿去养老院，独自一人居住在和母亲建造的房子里。Arlyn已经六十多岁了，且她的房子离小屋有40分钟的车程。为了照顾父亲，她为父亲注册了一个新的老年护理服务——由人类远程控制可以一天24小 时监视一个宅在家里的人。之后她收到一个平板，屏幕上有一只动画狗，Jim给动画狗取名为Pony，Jim慢慢学会了如何与Pony相处。一天晚上，当Arlyn像往常一样来看望她的父亲时，她惊讶地发现Pony用爪子向她的父亲举起了一张她已故母亲的照片。【详解】1.段落续写①由第一段首句内容“Jim深情地盯着那张照片，眼里噙着泪水。”可知，第一段可描写Jim盯着照片想念已故的妻子，之后Pony安慰Jim。②由第二段首句内容“看到Pony和爸爸之间的亲密关系，Arlyn松了一口气。”可知，第二段可描写动画狗Pony对父亲的帮助，以及Arlyn对Pony很感谢。2.续写线索：Jim盯着照片——怀念已故妻子——Pony安慰Jim——Arlyn感到安慰——Pony对Jim的帮助——Arlyn感谢Pony3.词汇激活行为类①盯着看：gazeat/stareat②帮助某人：helpsb./dosb.afavor③注意到：notice/takenoticeof情绪类①惊讶的：amazed/surprised②感激的：grateful/thankful【点睛】[高分句型1]Ithadbeenmorethanayearsincehiswife’sdeathandhardlyhadhementionedheranymore.（由since引导的状语从句）[高分句型2]UpliftedbyPony’slovingremarks,JimpettedPony’screenwithhisfingersendingheartsfloatingupfromthedog’sheadagain.（非谓语动词作状语）