天津市南开区2022-2023学年高三英语下学期3月模拟试题（Word版附解析）

2022-2023学年度“三月高考”南开区模拟考试试卷高三英语笔试第Ⅰ卷第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。例：Standoverthere______you’llbeabletoseeitbetter.A.orB.andC.butD.while答案是B。1.---Let’sgototheNewYear’sEveparty,shallwe?----————Iguessitwillbefun.A.Forgetit!B.Noway!C.Whynot?D.Whatfor?【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查交际用语。句意：--让我们去新年夜晚会，好吗？---好啊!我想那一定很有趣。Forgetit！“得了，忘了吧！”；Noway！“没门”；Whynot！“好啊！”；Whatfor？“为什么？”，根据“Iguessitwillbefun.”可知，表示同意，故选C。【点睛】交际英语注重运用，首先平时要多积累常用的交际用语，解题时要在上下文中进行，特别要注意与语境语义的联系。还有要注意中英文之间的差异，千万不要用汉语的思维。对话时要考虑以礼貌用语为主。2.______prizeforthewinnerofthecompetitionis______two-weekholidayinEngland.A.The;aB.不填;aC.不填;theD.The;不填【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查冠词。句意：比赛获胜者的奖励是一个到英国度假两周的假期。分析句子可知，第一空格处缺少冠词，此处特指给获奖者的奖励，应使用定冠词the；第二空格处表示“一个两周的假期”，是泛指，应使用不定冠词a。故选A项。3.Inmanyways,theeducationsysteminChinaisdifferentfrom______intheUK. A.itB.thoseC.oneD.that【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：在许多方面，中国的教育体系与英国（的教育体系）不同。此处指英国的教育体系，为同类异物特指，且上文system是单数，应用that。故选D。4.______onlineshoppinghaschangedourlife,notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.A.AfterB.IfC.WhileD.Unless【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查从属连词。句意：虽然网上购物改变了我们的生活，但并非所有的影响都是积极的。A.after在……之后（引导时间状语从句）；B.If如果（引导条件状语从句）；C.While尽管，虽然（引导让步状语从句）；D.Unless除非，如果不（引导条件状语从句，相当于if…not）。根据句意，前后句之间为逻辑上的让步关系，应用从属连词while。故选C项。5.Thismeetingroomisanon-smokingarea.Iwouldliketowarnyou______thatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.A.indetailB.inadvanceC.invainD.ingeneral【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个会议室是非吸烟区。我想提前警告你，如果你在这里吸烟，你会被罚款的。A.indetail详细地；B.inadvance提前；C.invain徒劳；D.ingeneral普遍地。根据“ifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.”可知，此处是提前警告，inadvance符合句意。故选B。6.Silk________oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.A.hadbecomeB.wasbecomingC.hasbecomeD.isbecoming【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。时间状语是by+过去时间，谓语用过去完成时。故选A。【点睛】 动词的时态、语态是选择题必考内容之一。动词的各种时态形式都可能考到，不过最常考的是一般现在时态、一般过去时态、现在进行时态、一般将来时态以及现在完成时态，同时还常与非谓语动词一起考查。做语法填空题时，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，如本小题就是考查谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、语气(陈述语气还是虚拟语气)、主谓一致四个方面。本小题考查过去完成时，从三个方面来进行判断：1.看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句，本小题的时间状语是byabout100BC，故判断是过去完成时。2.在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时，要看上下文的谓语动词的形式。3.看是否是特殊句型等。如句型“Itwas+thefirsttime+that从句”中that从句用过去完成时。7.（2015·天津）Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime________heshouldbeabletobeindependent.A.whichB.whereC.whomD.when【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是thetime，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when，故选D。8.Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience,______ifyouaretravellingathighspeed.A.especiallyB.strangelyC.graduallyD.eventually【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然停车可能是一种非常可怕的经历，特别是如果你在高速行驶。A.especially尤其地；B.strangely奇怪地；C.gradually逐渐地；D.eventually最终地。分析句子，设空处使用副词作状语。表示“尤其地”。用especially。故选A。9.Thereisnodoubtthatthiscandidate’sadvantage_____hisabilitytocommunicatewithforeignersinEnglish.A.leavesoutB.goesagainstC.liesinD.makesup【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人优势在于他能够用英语和外国人交流。A.leavesout遗漏，省略；B.goesagainst违背，和……作对；C.liesin在于；D.makesup编造，组成，化妆，和好。根据句意可知，此处用liein“在于”符合语境，由is可知本句为现在时，主语advantage是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用三单现形式。故选C项。 【名师点睛】考生要注意这里的he和candidate指的是同一个人，弄清这一点，再分析他的优势与他用英语跟外国人交流的能力之间的关系，很容易判断出“优势在于……”这层关系。另外考生注意积累Thereisnodoubtthat“毫无疑问”这一常考结构。10.George______toofar.Histeaisstillwarm.A.shouldhavegoneB.can’thavegoneC.mighthavegoneD.needn’thavegone【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+havedone。句意：乔治不可能走得太远。他的茶还温着。A.shouldhavegone早就该走了；B.can’thavegone不可能走了；C.mighthavegone可能已经走了；D.needn’thavegone本来不必去的。根据后一句Histeaisstillwarm，可推测乔治不可能走远，此处应用can’thavedone结构，表示对过去事情的否定推测，意为“不可能做过某事”。故选B项。11.Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,______airconditioningunnecessary.A.tomakeB.makingC.madeD.havingmade【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语，但表示预料不到的结果。现在分词的完成式表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前完成。故选B。12.Atcollege,BarackObamadidn’tknowthathethefirstblackpresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.A.wastobecomeB.becomesC.istobecomeD.became【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：在大学的时候，奥巴马不知道他将成为美国第一个黑人总统。用过去将来时表示过去某个时间将要发生的事情，所以选A。【点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定，因此在学习英语时态时，要注意分析动词形式及具体语境，想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景，这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。这题的解题关键是didn’tknow。 13.Beijingroastduckisa________Beijingcuisine.Itscrispskinandtendermeatattractmanytourists.A.convenientB.typicalC.healthyD.homemade【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：北京烤鸭是典型的北京菜肴，酥皮嫩肉吸引了许多游客。A.convenient方便的；便利的；B.typical典型的；有代表性的；C.healthy健康的；D.homemade自制的；国产的。根据句意，此处指北京烤鸭是北京代表性的菜肴。故选B。14.AyoungmanfromawealthyfamilygraduatedfromBeijingUniversityandgotajobasaporkseller,which________apublicheateddebate.A.setoffB.setaboutC.setoutD.setaside【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一名毕业于北京大学的富家子弟，找了一份卖猪肉的工作，此事引发了公众的热议。A.setoff出发，引起；B.setabout着手，开始做；C.setout动身；D.setaside留出。根据后文“apublicheateddebate”指引起公众热议应用setoff。故选A。15.—I’mthinkingofgoingbacktoschooltogetanotherdegree.—Soundsgreat!______.A.HowcomeB.GoforitC.NevermindD.Nowonder【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我在考虑回到学校再拿一个学位。——听上去太棒了!大胆尝试吧。A.Howcome怎么会……（那样）；B.Goforit尝试，努力争取；C.Nevermind没有关系，不要记在心上；D.Nowonder难怪。根据前文“I’mthinkingofgoingbacktoschooltogetanotherdegree.(我在考虑回到学校再拿一个学位。)”可知，前者打算修读另一个学位，这是值得鼓励的事情。故选B项。第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C^D四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，将短文内容补充完整。ThedayImetHaniIrmawati,shewasashy,17-year-oldgirlstandingaloneintheparkinglotoftheinternationalschoolinIndonesia,whereIteachEnglish.SheaskedifIcouldhelpherimproveherEnglish.Icould____16____ittookimmensecouragefortheyoungIndonesiangirlto____17____meandaskforhelp.“IwanttogotoaUSuniversity,”shesaidwith____18____.Iwassurprised. Iagreedtoworkwithher____19____avolunteerbasis.Forseveralmonths,Haniwokeeachmorningatfiveandcaughtthecitybustoherpublichighschool.Duringtheone-hour____20____,shestudiedforherregularclassesandfinishedtheEnglish____21____Ihadgivenher.Atfouro’clockintheafternoon,shearrivedatmyclassroom,____22____butreadytowork.WhenImetHani’sfamilyattheir____23____littlehouse,Irealizedtheywouldneverbeableto____24____theexpensesofaUSuniversity.Hani’senthusiasmwas_____25_____withherlanguageability,_____26_____Iwasbecomingmoreandmorediscouraged.OnedayIreceivedtheannouncementofa(n)_____27_____opportunityforamajorUSuniversity.Afterreadingtherequirements,IknewHanicouldn’tmeetthe_____28_____.Itoldherthattherewasonlya_____29_____chanceofhergettingthescholarshipandencouragedhertobemore“realistic”aboutherdream.Butsheremained_____30_____.“Willyousendinmyname?”sheasked.Icouldn’t_____31_____herdown.Icompletedtheapplication,withthepainfultruthaboutheracademiclife,butalsowithmy_____32_____ofhercourageandperseverance.Threeweekslater,justbeforeHaniwenttoJakartatotaketheTestofEnglishFluency,shereceivedaletterfromthescholarshipassociation.Shehadbeen_____33_____.Ileapedaroundtheroom,overjoyedandshocked.Hanistoodby,_____34_____.IrealizedthatitwasIwhohadlearnedsomethingHanihadknownfromthebeginning:Itisnotintelligencealonethatbringssuccess,butalsothe_____35_____tosucceed,thecommitmenttoworkhardandthecouragetobelieveinyourself.16.A.believeB.expectC.spotD.tell17.A.turnB.approachC.excuseD.convince18.A.anxietyB.suspectC.confidenceD.hesitation19.A.onB.inC.outD.by20.A.classB.rideC.stayD.break21.A.assignmentB.accentC.journalD.guideline22.A.boredB.excitedC.confusedD.exhausted23.A.uglyB.untidyC.humbleD.comfortable24.A.saveB.affordC.chargeD.avoid25.A.fadingB.showingC.decreasingD.increasing26.A.soB.andC.butD.while27.A.investmentB.growthC.promotionD.scholarship 28.A.qualificationsB.challengesC.invitationsD.deadlines29.A.realB.slimC.fairD.solid30.A.practicalB.subjectiveC.determinedD.genuine31.A.takeB.breakC.putD.turn32.A.analysisB.criticismC.praiseD.concern33.A.acceptedB.rejectedC.confirmedD.impressed34.A.whisperingB.smilingC.assumingD.inquiring35.A.secretB.pressureC.wisdomD.drive【答案】16.D17.B18.C19.A20.B21.A22.D23.C24.B25.D26.C27.D28.A29.B30.C31.D32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍的是一个家境贫困的印尼女孩Hani的自信和努力学习的决心使她成功获得原本机会渺茫的奖学金的故事。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看得出来，这个年轻的印尼女孩向我寻求帮助需要极大的勇气。A.believe相信；B.expect期待；C.spot发现；D.tell辨别。根据上文“Shewasashy,17-year-oldgirlstandingaloneintheparkinglotoftheinternationalschoolinIndonesia”可知，作者能够看的出来印尼女孩以极大的勇气向作者寻求帮助。故选D。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.turn转向；B.approach接近；C.excuse推脱；D.convince使信服。根据后文“askforhelp”可知，印尼女孩接近作者寻求帮助。故选B。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我想上美国大学，”她自信地说。我很惊讶。A.anxiety焦虑；B.suspect嫌疑犯；C.confidence自信；D.hesitation犹豫。根据后文“Iwassurprised.”可知，女孩极其自信的表现，使得作者很惊讶。故选C。【19题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：我同意以志愿者的身份为基础和她一起工作。A.on在……上面；B.in在……里面；C.out在外面；D.by通过。句中“onavolunteerbasis”为固定搭配，意为“以志愿工作为基础”即表示作者同意无偿帮助印尼女孩学习英语。故选A。【20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个小时的车程中，她学习了常规课程，完成了我布置给她的英语作业。A. class班级；B.ride车程；C.stay停留；D.break休息。根据前文“caughtthecitybustoherpublichighschool.”可知，印尼女孩坐公车去她的公立高中，在这一小时的车程中她完成了作者布置的任务。故选B。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.assignment任务；B.accent口音；C.journal期刊；D.guideline方针。根据后文“Ihadgivenher.”可知，作者布置给女孩的任务。故选A。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：下午四点，她来到我的教室，筋疲力尽，但准备开始学习。A.bored无聊的；B.excited兴奋的；C.confused困惑的；D.exhausted疲劳的。根据前文“Duringtheone-hour____5___,shestudiedforherregularclassesandfinishedtheEnglish____6____Ihadgivenher.”可知，女孩经过了一小时的车程，又完成了作者布置的任务，当到达作者办公室的时候，她是疲劳的。故选D。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我在女孩家简陋的小房子里见到她的家人时，我意识到他们永远无法负担美国大学的费用。A.ugly丑陋的；B.untidy不整洁的；C.humble简陋的；D.comfortable舒服的。根据上文“littlehouse”和后文“Irealizedtheywouldneverbeableto____9____theexpensesofaUSuniversity.”可知，女孩和家人住在简陋的小房子中。故选C。24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.save节省；B.afford负担的起；C.charge索费；D.avoid避免。根据后文“theexpensesofaUSuniversity”和作者建议女孩申请奖学金可知，此处表示女孩和家人无法负担大学学费。故选B。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hani的热情随着她的语言能力而增强，但我却越来越气馁。A.fading褪色；B.showing展示；C.decreasing减少；D.increasing增加。根据后文的“withherlanguageability,”可知，女孩的热情随着她的语言能力而增强。故选D。【26题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意同上。A.so所以；B.and并且；C.but但是；D.while然而。根据后文“Iwasbecomingmoreandmorediscouraged.”可知，此处构成转折关系，故用but。故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我收到了美国一所重点大学的奖学金通知。A.investment投资；B.growth成长；C.promotion晋升，提拔；D.scholarship奖学金。根据后文“Itoldherthattherewasonlya____14____chanceofhergettingthescholarshipandencouragedhertobemore“realistic”aboutherdream.”可 知，作者收到了美国一所重点大学的奖学金通知。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：看了要求后，我知道Hani不符合条件。A.qualification资格；B.challenges挑战；C.invitations邀请；D.deadlines截止日期。据后文“Itoldherthattherewasonlya____14____chanceofhergettingthescholarshipandencouragedhertobemore“realistic”aboutherdream.”可知，作者知道对于Hani获得该奖学金机会是渺茫的，所以Hani是不符合奖学金的资格。故选A。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我告诉她，她获得奖学金的机会非常渺茫，并鼓励她对自己的梦想要“现实一点”。A.real真的；B.slim苗条的，渺小的；C.fair公平的；D.solid坚固的。根据后文的“encouragedhertobemore“realistic”aboutherdream.”可知，作者知道Hani获得奖学金的机会是渺茫的。故选B。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但她仍然很坚定。A.practical实际的；B.subjective主观的；C.determined坚决的；D.genuine真挚的。根据“but”可知，此处与前文构成转折关系，即虽然获得奖学金的机会非常渺茫，但是她依旧坚持。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我无法拒绝她。A.take拿走；B.break打破；C.put放；D.turn转向。根据后文“Icompletedtheapplication,withthepainfultruthaboutheracademiclife”可知，作者没有拒绝Hani的请求，把她的名字提交了上去。turndown为固定短语，意为“拒绝”。故选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我完成了申请，介绍了她学习生活的困难真相，但也对她的勇气和毅力表示了赞扬。A.analysis分析；B.criticism批评；C.praise赞扬；D.concern关心。根据前文“Icouldn’t____16____herdown.”可知，作者在填写表格时，对Hani在学习生活中遇到的困难真相进行了描述同时也对她的勇气和毅力进行了赞扬。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她被录取了。A.accepted接受；B.rejected拒绝；C.confirmed证实；D.impressed印象深刻。根据后文“Ileapedaroundtheroom,overjoyedandshocked.”可知，Hani被录取了。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hani站在旁边，笑着。A.whispering低声说；B.smiling微笑；C.assuming假设；D.inquiring询问。根据前文“Shehadbeen____18____.”可知，当Hani得知自己被录取的那一刻，她是微笑着的。故选B。 【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：带来成功的不仅仅是智力，还有对成功的渴望、努力工作的承诺和相信自己的勇气。A.secret秘密；B.pressure压力；C.wisdom智慧；D.drive渴望，动力。根据前文“notintelligencealonethatbringssuccess,”并结合Hani对成功的渴望可知，此处表示不仅仅是智力，还有对成功的渴望、努力工作的承诺和相信自己的勇气这才能带来成功。故选D。第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。AGymnasticsInstructorWantedAboutusPCYC(PoliceCitizensYouthClub)Queenslandisanot-for-profitorganizationestablishedin1948,aimingtobuildsaferandhealthiercommunities.Wefocusonyoungpeople’spersonalandleadershipdevelopmentbyofferingstate-wideprograms,servicesandfacilitiesthrough54branches,twoleadershipdevelopmentcentersandtwoactivitycenters.AboutthepositionPCYCBurdekincurrentlywantsgymnasticsinstructors,whowillassistinthedevelopmentanddeliveryofthegymnasticsprogramstoPCYCclients.•Casualwork(approximately2030hoursperweek)•$28.38-$31.80perhour(dependingonpreviousexperienceandqualification—juniorratemayapply)•Tobeemployed,youmustbequalifiedtogetaWorkingwithChildrenCheckorBlueCardandbewillingtoundertakeaNationalPoliceCheck.•Applicantswithintermediateaccreditation(认证)fromGymnasticsQueenslandwillbeconsideredwithpriority.Whatwecanoffer•FreeonsiteparkingandfreeaccesstoPC24/7gyms•Flexibleworkenvironmentandworkinghours•OpportunitytoworkinanestablishedbranchwithagreatteamKeyresponsibilitiesinclude•Deliverabroadrangeoffungroupgymnasticsprogramsforallages,inaccordancewithsafetyandindustry-approvedpracticerequirements.•Contributetowardscreativemarketingandpromotionofthegymnasticsprogramstomaintaincurrent participantsandattractnewparticipants.•Ensureourgymnasticsequipmentismaintainedandusedinasafemanner.•Instructandassisttheworkofjuniorcoachingstaff.DeadlineApplicationscloseon8September,2022.Interested?Clickheretoapply.36.WhatisPCYCQueensland’sgoal?A.Toprovidetheyouthwithadviceonpersonalemotions.B.Tomakeafortunethroughstate-wideprograms.C.TobuildmorebranchesoutsideQueensland.D.Toimprovecommunitysecurityandhealth.37.HowmuchcanagymnasticsinstructorinPCYCBurdekinearninaweek?A.$100-$300.B.$330-$530.C.$560-$960.D.$990-$1390.38.WhatshouldyoudotoincreaseyourchanceofbeingemployedbyPCYCBurdekin?A.ExpressthedesiretoworkforNationalPoliceAgency.B.Showtheintermediategymnasticsqualification.C.Presenttheexperiencesindealingwithchildren.D.Explaintheurgentneedforafull-timejob.39.Ifhired,agymnasticsinstructorwillberesponsiblefor_________.A.seekingjuniorcoachestobuildateamB.seleotingsuitableequipmentforteenagersC.helpingadvertisethegymnasticsprogramsD.designingnewgymnasticsprogramsindependently40.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.AQueensland’slocalpaper.B.Ajob-huntingmobileapp.C.Apopularsciencewebsite.D.Anotice-boardinagym.【答案】36.D37.C38.B39.C40.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是关于招聘体操教练的一些相关信息，包括招聘机构的简介、工作岗位的介绍、工作时间、薪资、应聘要求以及工作职责等。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据Aboutus部分的“PCYC(PoliceCitizensYouthClub)Queenslandisanot-for-profit organizationestablishedin1948,aimingtobuildsaferandhealthiercommunities.(昆士兰PCYC成立于1948年，是一个非营利性组织，旨在建立更安全、更健康的社区。)”可知，昆士兰PCYC的目标是改善社区安全和健康。故选D。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据Abouttheposition部分的“•Casualwork(approximately2030hoursperweek)•$28.38-$31.80perhour(•临时工作（每周大约20--30小时）•每小时28.38--31.80美元)”可知，PCYCBurdekin的体操教练一周能挣的钱是$28.38*20--$31.80*30，即$567.6——$954，最接近的答案是$560-$960，故选C。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据Abouttheposition部分的“•Applicantswithintermediateaccreditation(认证)fromGymnasticsQueenslandwillbeconsideredwithpriority.(•获得昆士兰体操协会中级认证的申请人将优先考虑。)”可知，展示中级体操资格来增加被PCYCBurdekin雇用的机会。故选B。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据Keyresponsibilitiesinclude部分的“•Contributetowardscreativemarketingandpromotionofthegymnasticsprogramstomaintaincurrentparticipantsandattractnewparticipants.(•负责体操项目的创意营销和推广，以保持现有学员并吸引新学员。)”可知，如果被聘用，将由一名体操教练负责帮助宣传体操项目，故选C。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据Deadline部分的“Applicationscloseon8September,2022.Interested?Clickheretoapply.(申请截止日期为2022年9月8日。感兴趣吗？点击这里申请。)”可知，这是一篇招聘广告，能点击申请，说明这是网上的，因此本文可能来自于一个求职手机应用程序。故选B。BI’ddoneitbefore,andsoIhadnoreasontobelievethatthistimewouldbeanydifferent.IwassurethatwhenIreturnedhomefrommymissiontrip,asalways,I’dbringbacknothingmorethansomemudonmyboots,aholeortwoinmyjeansand,ofcourse,alotofgreatmemories.Thesummerbeforemyhighschoolgraduation,IwenttoWestVirginiawithothersasvolunteerstorepairthehomesofthoseinneed.Arrivingatourdestination,mygroupwasassignedthetaskofrebuildingsectionsofahomethathadbeendamagedbyfire.Nosoonerhadweparkedonthehome’sdirtdrivewaythanwesawanexcitedlittlegirl,nomorethansixyearsold,standinginthedoorwayofthefamily’stemporaryhome.ShoelessandwearingdirtyclothesandthebiggestsmileI’deverseen,sheyelled,“Ma,Ma,theyreallycame!”Ididn’tknowitthen,buthernamewasDakota,andfourmoredayswouldpassbeforeshe’dsayanotherwordnearme.BehindDakotawasawomaninawheelchair—hergrandmother,we’dsoonlearn.Ialsodiscoveredthatmy jobthatweekwouldbetohelpchangeafire-damageddiningroomintoabedroomforthislittlegirl.Overthefollowingdays,InoticedDakotapeekingatuseverynowandthenasweworked.Afewtimes,Itriedtalkingwithher,butsheremainedshyanddistant,alwaysflyingarounduslikeatinybutterflybutkeepingtoherself.Byourfifthandfinalday,however,thiswasabouttochange.BeforeIwenttoworkonherhomeonthatlastmorning,Ispokeforamomentortwowiththegrandmother.IwasespeciallypleasedwhenshetoldmehowmuchDakotalovedhernewroom—somuch.Aswetalked,InoticedsomethingIhadn’tseenbefore—Dakotawashidingbehindhergrandmother.Cautiously,shesteppedintoview,andIcouldseethatjustlikeherclothes,herfacewasstilldirty.Butnoamountofsoilcouldhidethosebrightblueeyesandbigsmile.Shewassimplyadorable.Slowly,shebeganwalkingtowardme.Itwasn’tuntilshewasjustinchesawaythatInoticedthefoldedpieceofpaperinhertinyhand.Silently,shereachedupandhandedittome.Onceunfolded,Ilookedatthedrawingshe’dmadewithherbrokencrayonsonthebackofanoldcoloringbookcover.Itwasoftwogirls—onemuchtallerthantheother—andtheywereholdinghands.Shetoldmeitwassupposedtobemeandher,andonthebottomofthepaperwerethreelittlewordsthatinstantlybrokemyheart:“Pleasedon’tleave”.Nowalmostintears,Icouldn’tcontrolmyselfanymore—Ibentdownandhuggedher.Shehuggedme,too.Andforthelongesttime,neitherofuscouldletgo.Ileftforhomeearlythenextmorning.Iwasreturningwithmuddybootsandholesinmyjeans.ButbecauseofDakota,Ibroughtbacksomethingelse,too—agreaterappreciationforalloftheblessingsofmylife.I’llneverforgetthatbarefootlittlebutterflywiththebigsmileanddirtyface.Ipraythatshe’llneverforgetmeeither.41.Whatdidtheauthorexpectbeforetakingthismissiontrip?A.Anexcitingexperience.B.Aspecialmemory.C.Aroutineresult.D.Asurprisingchange.42.Fromtheappearancedescriptionofthelittlegirlweknow________.A.shewasaninnocentandlovelychildB.shehopedforabettereducationC.shewasstrongandcalmintheinnerworldD.sheformedabadlivinghabit43.Theunderlinedpartmeansthatthelittlegirl________.A.enjoyedmeetingmeB.fearedtotalkwithmeC.desiredtoapproachmeD.resistedacceptingme44.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterunfoldingthepieceofpaper?A.Sheworriedaboutthelittlegirl’sfuture.B.Shedecidedtokeephelpingthelittlegirl. C.Shefeltagreateraffectionforthelittlegirl.D.Shegotsurprisedatthelittlegirl’sworthlessgift.45.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Onemustlearntosharelifeexperiences.B.Oneshouldbemoregratefulforthegiftoflife.C.Oneoftenwantstoleadameaningfullife.D.Oneoccasionallybenefitsfromthepoverty.【答案】41.C42.A43.B44.C45.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者本次宣教之旅中和所遇小女孩的感情交流，告诉我们一个人应该对生活拥有更多的感激。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“I’ddoneitbefore,andsoIhadnoreasontobelievethatthistimewouldbeanydifferent.(我以前做过，所以我没有理由相信这次会有什么不同。)”可知，作者此行的预期是一个平常的结果。故选C项。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“ShoelessandwearingdirtyclothesandthebiggestsmileI’deverseen,sheyelled,‘Ma,Ma,theyreallycame!’(她光着脚，穿着脏衣服，脸上带着我见过的最灿烂的笑容，大声喊道：‘妈，妈，他们真的来了！’)”可知，从小女孩的外貌描述，我们知道她是一个天真可爱的孩子。故选A项。【43题详解】词句猜测题。划线词句前半部分“Afewtimes,Itriedtalkingwithher,butsheremainedshyanddistant(有几次，我试着和她说话，但她总是害羞和疏远)”说明小女孩很害羞，不敢和作者说话，从而推知划线词句“alwaysflyingarounduslikeatinybutterflybutkeepingtoherself(总是像一只小蝴蝶在我们周围飞来飞去，但不跟我们说话。)”其中划线部分意为“小女孩不敢和我说话”。故选B项。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Shetoldmeitwassupposedtobemeandher,andonthebottomofthepaperwerethreelittlewordsthatinstantlybrokemyheart:‘Pleasedon’tleave’.Nowalmostintears,Icouldn’tcontrolmyselfanymore—Ibentdownandhuggedher.Shehuggedme,too.Andforthelongesttime,neitherofuscouldletgo.(她告诉我这张纸上写的是我和她，纸的底部有三个词让我立刻心碎：‘请不要离开’。我几乎要哭了，我再也控制不住自己了——我弯下腰拥抱了她。她也拥抱了我。很长一段时间，我们都无法释怀。)”可以推知，打开这张纸后，作者对这个小女孩有了更深的感情。故选C项。 【45题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Ileftforhomeearlythenextmorning.Iwasreturningwithmuddybootsandholesinmyjeans.ButbecauseofDakota,Ibroughtbacksomethingelse,too—agreaterappreciationforalloftheblessingsofmylife.I’llneverforgetthatbarefootlittlebutterflywiththebigsmileanddirtyface.Ipraythatshe’llneverforgetmeeither.(第二天一早我就动身回家了。我回来的时候，靴子上都是泥，牛仔裤也破了洞。但是因为Dakota，我也带回了一些其他的东西——对我生命中所有幸福的更多的感激。我永远不会忘记那只光脚的小蝴蝶，脸上挂着灿烂的笑容和肮脏的脸。我也祈祷她永远不会忘记我。)”可知，本文通过作者本次宣教之旅中和所遇小女孩的感情交流，告诉我们一个人应该对生活拥有更多的感激。故选B项。CWhenyouhear“Ihaveadream...”,oneofthemostfamousspeechesinhumanhistory,you’llneverhavetheideahowtheaudienceonthescenewerefueledbyemotionalintelligence.WhenMartinLutherKing.Jr.presentedhisdream,hechoselanguagethatwouldstirtheheartsofhisaudience.Deliveringthiselectrifying(震撼性的)messagerequiredemotionalintelligence—theabilitytorecognize,understand,andmanageemotions.Emotionalintelligencehasbeenhighlyrecommendedbyleaders,policymakers,andeducatorsasthesolutiontoawiderangeofsocialproblems.Emotionalintelligenceisimportant,buttheuncontrolledenthusiasmhasobscured(掩盖)adarkside.Newevidenceshowsthatwhenpeoplesharpentheiremotionalskills,theybecomebetteratcontrollingothers.Whenyou’regoodatcontrollingyourownemotions,youcanhideyourtruefeelings.Whenyouknowwhatothersarefeeling,youcanmotivatethemtoactagainsttheirownbestinterests.Socialscientistshavebeguntodocumentthisdarksideofemotionalintelligence.InaresearchledbyUniversityofTorontoprofessorJochenMenges,whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion,theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinize(细察)themessageandrememberedthecontent.Ironically(讽刺是),audiencemembersweresomovedbythespeechthattheyclaimedtorecallmoreofit.Theauthorscallthistheawestruckeffect,butitmightjustaseasilybedescribedasthedumbstruckeffect.OneobserverreflectedthatHitler’spersuasiveimpactcamefromhisabilitytostrategicallyexpressemotions—hewould“tearopenhisheart”—andtheseemotionsaffectedhisfollowerstothepointthattheywould“stopthinkingcriticallyandjustemote?”Leaderswhomasteremotionscanrobusofourabilitiestoreason.Iftheirvaluesareoutofstepwithourown,theresultscanbedestructive.Newevidencesuggeststhatwhenpeoplehaveself-servingmotives,emotionalintelligencebecomesaweaponforcontrollingothers.ThrowinglightonthisdarksideofemotionalintelligenceisonemissionofaresearchteamledbyUniversityCollegeLondonprofessorMartinKilduff.Accordingtotheseexperts,emotionalintelligencehelpspeopledisguise (伪装)onesetofemotionswhileexpressinganotherforpersonalgain.ProfessorKilduff’steamwrites,“Thestrategicdisguiseofone’sownemotionsandthecontrollingofothers’emotionsforstrategicendsarebehaviorsevidentnotonlyonShakespeare’sstagebutalsointheofficesandcorridorswherepowerandinfluencearetraded.”Ofcourse,peoplearen’talwaysusingemotionalintelligenceforimmoralends.Moreoftenthannot,highEQishelpfulinmostaspectsofourlife.Emotionalintelligence—likeanyskill—canbeusedforgoodorevil.Sowhetheritisagiftoracurseliesinyourhand.46.WhydoestheauthormentionMartinLutherKing,Jr?A.Tohonorthegreatleaderforhiscourage.B.Torecommendhisspeechtootherleaders.C.Tointroducethemajortopictoreaders.D.Toadvocateasocietywithfewerproblems.47.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoadarksideofemotionalintelligence?A.Developingthecapabilitytocontrolone’sownemotion.B.Influencingpeopletodowhatbringsdisadvantagestothem.C.Appealingtotheaudiencetoconcentrateandremembermore.D.Encouragingthemovedaudiencetolearnmoreofthespeech.48.WhatisthedumbstruckeffectofHitler’semotionalintelligence?A.Hisfollowerswouldtearopentheirheartstohim.B.Hisfollowerswouldexpressemotionsstrategically.C.Hisfollowerswouldlosetheabilitytoreasonproperly.D.Hisfollowerswoulddeveloptheself-servingmotives.49.Howdopeopleusetheiremotionalintelligenceforpersonalgain?A.Theydisguisetheirtrueemotionsandshowanotherone.B.Theyhelptheircolleaguestobuildupconfidence.C.Theypresenttheirstrategicbehaviorsonthestage.D.Theylowertheirowndignitytogainpopularity.50.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Thebenefitsofemotionalintelligence.B.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofemotions.C.Thereasonsforusingemotionalskills. D.Thedarksideofemotionalintelligence.【答案】46.C47.B48.C49.A50.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了什么是情商以及举例论证情商的阴暗面及其影响。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“WhenMartinLutherKing.Jr.presentedhisdream,hechoselanguagethatwouldstirtheheartsofhisaudience.Deliveringthiselectrifying(震撼性的)messagerequiredemotionalintelligence—theabilitytorecognize,understand,andmanageemotions.(当马丁·路德·金。当他展示自己的梦想时，他选择了能够打动听众的语言。传达这一激动人心的信息需要情商——识别、理解和管理情绪的能力。)”可知，马丁·路德·金的演讲就是运用了情商。结合下文可知，情商是本文的主题，故文章是使用马丁·路德·金的故事来引出话题。故选C项。【47题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Emotionalintelligenceisimportant,buttheuncontrolledenthusiasmhasobscured(掩盖)adarkside.Newevidenceshowsthatwhenpeoplesharpentheiremotionalskills,theybecomebetteratcontrollingothers.Whenyou’regoodatcontrollingyourownemotions,youcanhideyourtruefeelings.Whenyouknowwhatothersarefeeling,youcanmotivatethemtoactagainsttheirownbestinterests.(情商很重要，但不受控制的热情掩盖了它的黑暗面。新的证据表明，当人们提高自己的情感技能时，他们就能更好地控制他人。当你善于控制自己的情绪时，你就能隐藏自己的真实感受。当你知道别人的感受时，你可以促使他们去做违背他们自己最佳利益的事情。)”可知，情商的阴暗面是可以影响人们去做对他们不利的事情。故选B项。【48题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“OneobserverreflectedthatHitler’spersuasiveimpactcamefromhisabilitytostrategicallyexpressemotions—hewould‘tearopenhisheart’—andtheseemotionsaffectedhisfollowerstothepointthattheywould‘stopthinkingcriticallyandjustemote?’(一位观察家认为，希特勒的说服力来自于他有策略地表达情感的能力——他会“撕开自己的心”——这些情感影响了他的追随者，以至于他们“不再批判性地思考，而只是表达?)”可知，希特勒的情商带来的让人目瞪口呆的效果是他的追随者失去理智，不会去理性思考。故选C项。【49题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Accordingtotheseexperts,emotionalintelligencehelpspeopledisguise(伪装)onesetofemotionswhileexpressinganotherforpersonalgain.(根据这些专家的说法，情商可以帮助人们掩饰一种情绪，同时为了个人利益表达另一种情绪。)” 可知，人们会利用自己的情商来掩饰自己的真实情绪，并表现出另一种情绪，从而达到谋取私利的目的。故选A项。【50题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段“Socialscientistshavebeguntodocumentthisdarksideofemotionalintelligence.(社会科学家已经开始记录情商的黑暗面。)”可知，文章前两段介绍什么是情商，从第三段开始主要介绍情商的阴暗面，并举例论证。所以本文主要讲的是情商的阴暗面，故“Thedarksideofemotionalintelligence(情商的黑暗面)”是文章最佳标题。故选D项。DSometimesjustwhenweneedthepowerofmiracles,theyariseintheplaceswewouldleastexpect.OnacoldJanuaryafternoonin1989,IwasclimbingEgypt’sMt.Horeb,hopingtogettothepeakbysunsettoseethevalleybelow.AsIwaswindingupthenarrowpath,I’dsometimesseeotherhikerswhowerecomingdown.Whiletheywouldgenerallypasswithsimplyanodoragreetinginanotherlanguage,therewasonemanwhodidneither.Isawhimcomingandashegotcloser,Icouldseethat,unlikeotherhikers,hewaswearingtraditionalEgyptiangalabia(长袍).Whatmadehisappearancesostrangewasthatthemandidn’tevenappeartobeEgyptian,butwasasmall-framedAsianmanwithlittlehairandroundglasses.Aswenearedoneanother,IsaidHello,butnotasoundcamefromhim.Ithoughtmaybehehadn’theardme.Suddenlyhestoppeddirectlyinfrontofme,lookedupfromtheground,andspokeasinglesentencetomeinEnglish,“Sometimesyoudon’tknowwhatyouhavelostuntilyou’velostit.”AsItookinwhatIhadjustheard,hesimplysteppedaroundmeandcontinuedhisgoingdown.Thatmomentinmylifewasasmallmiracle.Thereasonislessaboutwhatthemansaidbutmoreaboutthetimingandthecontext.Theyearwas1989,anditwasduringmyEgyptianpilgrimage(朝圣),andspecificallyduringmyhiketoMt.Horeb,thatI’dsetthetimeasidetomakedecisionsthatwouldaffectmycareer,myfriends,myfamily,andultimately,mylife.IhadtoaskmyselfwhatthechanceswereofanAsianmandressedinanEgyptiangalabiacomingdownfromthetopofthishistoricmountainjustwhenIwaswalkingup,stoppingbeforeme,andofferinghiswisdom,seeminglyfromoutofnowhere.Myanswertomyownquestionwaseasy:nearlynochance!Inameetthatlastedlessthantwominutes,atotalstrangerhadbroughtsomethingclearandsomethingofawarning,regardingthehugechangesthatIwouldmakewithinamatterofdays.Inmywayofthinking,that’samiracle.Miraclesareeverywhereandoccureverydayfordifferentreasons,inresponsetothedifferentneedsthatwemayhaveinthemoment.Ourjobmaybelessaboutquestioningtheextraordinarythingsthathappeninourdailylivesandmoreaboutacceptingthegiftstheybring. 51.BeforetheAsianmanspoke,howdidtheauthorthinkabouthim?A.Hewasveryrudeandstrange.B.Hewasdifferentfromothers.C.Hewasshyandnodtostrangers.D.Helookedordinaryandwastalkative.52.WhydidtheauthormakeapilgrimagetoMtHorebinEgypt?A.Hewasinsearchofamiracleinhislife.B.Itwasaplaceforareligiouspersontoheadfor.C.Heintendedtomakearrangementsforhisfuturelife.D.Hewaitedpatientlyinexpectationofmeetingawiseperson.53.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“myownquestion”refertoinparagraph6?A.Forwhatreasondidthemanstopbeforeme?B.WhydidtheAsianmangotothemountain?C.WhatchangewouldImakewithinamatterofdays?D.Whatwastheprobabilitythatotherstoldustherightwords?54.WhydidtheauthorviewthemeetwiththeAsianmanasamiracleinhislife?A.BecausetheAsianman’sappearancehadadecidingeffectonhisfuturelife.B.Becausehiswordswereinperfectresponsetotheneedhehadatthatmoment.C.BecausewhattheAsianmansaidwasmeaningfulinthephilosophyoflife.D.BecausetheAsianmanimpressedonhimtheworthofwhathehadpossessed.55.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Canyourecognizeamiracle?B.Isamiraclesignificanttous?C.Whenmightamiracleoccur?D.Whydoweneedamiracle?【答案】51.B52.C53.D54.B55.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以自己的亲身经历论述了“正当我们需要奇迹的力量时，奇迹却出现在我们最意想不到的地方”的故事。这个故事告诉我们奇迹无处不在，每天都在发生，因为不同的原因，为了回应我们此刻不同的需求。我们的工作可能不是质疑日常生活中发生的不寻常的事情，而是接受它们带来的礼物。【51题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Isawhimcomingandashegotcloser,Icouldseethat,unlikeotherhikers,hewas wearingtraditionalEgyptiangalabia(长袍).我看到他走过来，当他走近时，我可以看到，和其他徒步旅行者不同，他穿着传统埃及长袍。可知，在那个亚洲人说话之前，作者认为他和其他人不一样。故选B项。【52题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句中…thatI’dsetthetimeasidetomakedecisionsthatwouldaffectmycareer,myfriends,myfamily,andultimately,mylife.……我抽出时间来做一些决定，这些决定将影响我的职业生涯、我的朋友、我的家人，最终，还有我的生活。可知，作者朝圣的目的是为他未来的生活做安排。故选C项。【53题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词组上一句中的IhadtoaskmyselfwhatthechanceswereofanAsianmandressed...andofferinghiswisdom,seeminglyfromoutofnowhere.我不得不问自己，一个穿着埃及加拉比亚长袍的亚洲人从这座历史名山的山顶下来的几率有多大，就在我走上去的时候，他停在了我面前，似乎不知从什么地方冒出来，给了我智慧。及划线词组所在句中nearlynochance!几乎没有机会！可知，“我的问题”是指他人告诉我们真理的可能性是多少。故选D项。【54题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中Thatmomentinmylifewasasmallmiracle.Thereasonislessaboutwhatthemansaidbutmoreaboutthetimingandthecontext.…那一刻在我的生命中是一个小小的奇迹。原因不在于他说了什么，而在于时间和背景……可知，原因并非他说了什么，而是他说这话的时机以及当时我所处的背景。由此判断出为什么作者认为与亚洲人的相遇是他生命中的奇迹是因为他的话完全符合他当时的需要。故选B项。【55题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者以自己的亲身经历论述了“正当我们需要奇迹的力量时，奇迹却出现在我们最意想不到的地方”的故事。这个故事告诉我们奇迹无处不在，每天都在发生，因为不同的原因，为了回应我们此刻不同的需求。我们的工作可能不是质疑日常生活中发生的不寻常的事情，而是接受它们带来的礼物。所以短文的最佳标题为“你能认出奇迹吗?”。故选A项。第Ⅱ卷第三部分：写作第一节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，按照要求用英语回答问题。Inlife,onceonapath,wetendtofollowit,forbetterorworse.What’ssadisthatevenifit’sthelatter,weoftenfollowacertainpathanywaybecauseweareusedtothewaythingsarethatwedon’tevenrecognizethattheycouldbedifferent.Psychologistscallthisphenomenonfunctionalfixedness.Thisclassicexperimentwillgiveyouanideaofhowitworks—andasenseofwhetheryoumayhavefallen intothesametrap:Peoplearegivenaboxoftacks(大头钉)andsomematchesandaskedtofindawaytoattachacandletoawallsothatitbumsproperly.Typically,thesubjectstrytackingthecandletothewallorlightingittofixitwithmeltedwax(石蜡).Thetacksaretooshort,andthecandledoesn’tfastentothewall.Sohowcanyouaccomplishthetask?Thesuccessfultechniqueistousethetackboxasacandleholder.Youemptyit,tackittothewall,andstandthecandleinsideit.Tothinkofthat,youhavetolookbeyondthebox’susualroleasacontainerjustfortacksandreimagineitservinganentirelynewpurpose.Thatisdifficultbecauseweallsuffer—toonedegreeoranother—fromfunctionalfixedness.Theinabilitytothinkinnewwaysaffectspeopleineverycomerofsociety.ThepoliticaltheoristHannahArendtcoinedthephrase“frozenthoughts”todescribedeeplyheldideasthatwenolongerquestionbutshould.InArendt’seyes,thecomplacentrelianceonsuchaccepted“truths”alsomadepeopleblindtoideasthatdidn’tfittheirworldview,evenwhentherewasenoughevidenceforthem.Frozenthinkinghasnothingtodowithintelligence,shesaid,“Itcanbefoundinhighlyintelligentpeople?”Anothercontextinwhichfrozenthinkingcanturntrulydangerousismedicine.Ifyoulandinthehospital,it’snaturaltowanttobetreatedbythemostexperiencedphysiciansonstaff.Butaccordingtoa2014studyintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation(JAMA),you’dbebetteroffbeingtreatedbytherelativenovices(新手).56.What’sthereasonforthephenomenon“functionalfixedness”?(nomorethan20words)_____________________________________________________________________57.Howcanthecandlebeattachedtothewallproperly?(nomorethan15words)_____________________________________________________________________58.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“frozenthoughts”mean?(nomorethan10words)_____________________________________________________________________59.Whydoestheauthorsuggestwebetreatedbytherelativenovices?(nomorethan20words)_____________________________________________________________________60.Howcanyouavoidfrozenthoughtsinyourdailylife?(nomorethan20words)_____________________________________________________________________【答案】56.Weareusedtothewaythingsarethatwedon’tevenrecognizethattheycouldbedifferent.57.Byemptyingthetack,tackingittothewall,andstandingthecandleinsideit.58.Deeplyheldideasthatwenolongerquestionbutshould. 59.Toavoidthefrozenthinkingofthoseexperiencedphysicians.60.Ialwaysthinkoutsidethebox,whichcanbroadenmythinkingincountlessways.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象。【56题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段“What’ssadisthatevenifit’sthelatter,weoftenfollowacertainpathanywaybecauseweareusedtothewaythingsarethatwedon’tevenrecognizethattheycouldbedifferent.Psychologistscallthisphenomenonfunctionalfixedness.(可悲的是，即使是后者，我们也常常会走上一条特定的路，因为我们习惯了事情的方式，我们甚至没有意识到它们可能会有所不同。心理学家称这种现象为功能固着)”可知，“功能固着”现象的原因是我们习惯了事情的方式，我们甚至没有意识到它们可能会有所不同。故答案为Weareusedtothewaythingsarethatwedon’tevenrecognizethattheycouldbedifferent.【57题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段“Thesuccessfultechniqueistousethetackboxasacandleholder.Youemptyit,tackittothewall,andstandthecandleinsideit.(成功的方法是将图钉盒用作烛台。你把它倒空，钉在墙上，把蜡烛放在里面)”可知，将蜡烛正确粘在墙上的方法是将图钉盒用作烛台，把它倒空，钉在墙上，把蜡烛放在里面。故答案为Byemptyingthetack,tackingittothewall,andstandingthecandleinsideit.【58题详解】考查词句猜测。根据第四段“ThepoliticaltheoristHannahArendtcoinedthephrase“frozenthoughts”todescribedeeplyheldideasthatwenolongerquestionbutshould.(政治理论家汉娜·阿伦特创造了“frozenthoughts”这一短语，以描述我们不再质疑但是应该质疑的根深蒂固的思想)”可知，frozenthoughts指的是我们不再质疑但是应该质疑的根深蒂固的思想。故答案为Deeplyheldideasthatwenolongerquestionbutshould.【59题详解】考查推理判断。根据最后一段“Anothercontextinwhichfrozenthinkingcanturntrulydangerousismedicine.Ifyoulandinthehospital,it’snaturaltowanttobetreatedbythemostexperiencedphysiciansonstaff.Butaccordingtoa2014studyintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation(JAMA),you’dbebetteroffbeingtreatedbytherelativenovices.(另一个固化思维可能变得真正危险的环境是医学。如果你在医院住院，自然会希望由经验丰富的医生进行治疗。但根据《美国医学会杂志》（JAMA）2014年的一项研究，你最好由相对新手来治疗)”可知，经验丰富的医生可能存在有固化思维，这是危险的，可推知作者建议我们由相对新手来治疗是为了避免那些经验丰富的医生的固化思维。故答案为Toavoidthefrozenthinkingofthoseexperiencedphysicians. 【60题详解】开放性试题。注意字数限制，言之有理即可。Ialwaysthinkoutsidethebox,whichcanbroadenmythinkingincountlessways.第二节：书面表达（满分25分）61.现在，我们周围的环境变得越来越美，但仍然有一些不尽如人意的地方。为了加强学生们的环保意识，美化自己的家乡，你校打算开展以“为家乡环保出谋献策”为主题的环保征文活动，警示人们要保护环境。请你写一篇短文，参加征文活动。内容要点如下：1.分析一些典型环境问题及产生的原因；2.建设绿色家乡，建议采取什么措施（不少于2点）；3.倡议大家行动起来。参考信息：Clearwatersandlushmountainsareasvaluableasgoldandsilver.绿水青山就是金山银山。注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2.文中不可出现真实的个人信息；3.词数不少于100。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Clearwatersandlushmountainsareessentialtoourwell-being,yetmanyareasarestillsufferingfromenvironmentalissues.Topromoteenvironmentalawarenessandbeautifyourhometown,ourschoolisholdinganessaycontestunderthethemeof“ContributingIdeasforEnvironmentalProtectioninHometowns.”Weneedtotakeactiontobuildagreenhometown.Forexample,wecanencourageeco-friendlytransportationlikebikingandwalking,whichcanreducepollutionandpromotehealthyliving.Anotherideaistopromotetheconceptof“zerowaste”andencouragerecycling.Let’stakeresponsibilityforourenvironmentandmakeapositiveimpact.Remember,“Clearwatersandlushmountainsareasvaluableasgoldandsilver.”Let’sworktogethertocreateamorebeautifulandsustainablehometown.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“为家乡环保出谋献策”为主题写一篇短文，参加环保征文活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累重要的：essential→fundamental问题：issue→problem提高：promote→improve影响：impact→influence2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Anotherideaistopromotetheconceptof“zerowaste”andencouragerecycling.拓展句：Anotherideaisthatwewillpromotetheconceptof“zerowaste”andencouragerecycling.【点睛】【高分句型1】Topromoteenvironmentalawarenessandbeautifyourhometown,ourschoolisholdinganessaycontestunderthethemeof“ContributingIdeasforEnvironmentalProtectioninHometowns.”（运用了不定式作目的状语）【高分句型2】Forexample,wecanencourageeco-friendlytransportationlikebikingandwalking,whichcanreducepollutionandpromotehealthyliving.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）