河北省沧州市2023届高三英语一模试题（Word版附解析）

沧州市2023届高三年级调研性模拟考试英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级和考号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题15分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WhichcountryisJoegoingtothistime?A.Italy.B.Germany.C.Denmark.2.WhencanLilymeetMr.Smith?A.At10:30.B.At11:10.C.At11:40.3.Howmuchwillthemanpayforthetwotickets?A.$35.B.$50.C.$60.4.WhatisthemainreasonforJulietochoosetheUniversityofTennessee?A.Theschoolfees.B.Thelocation.C.Themajor.5.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inanoffice.C.Atabusstop.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项 中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Repairhershoes.B.Buyabook.C.Postaletter.7.Whereisthestore?A.Oppositethebookshop.B.OnThirdStreet.C.Nearthepostoffice.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatsubjectisthewomangoodat?A.Science.B.English.C.Math.9.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodoafterclass?A.Helphimwithhishomework.B.Returnhimthepencil.CLendhimherpencil.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whydoesthewomancometotheman?A.Shewantstojoinagym.B.Shecan’tfindthewaytoagym.C.Shewantstofindasportspartner.11.Whatdoesthemanlikebest?A.Weight-lifting.B.Dancing.C.Swimming.12.Whatistheman’ssuggestiontothewoman?A.Payingeverytimeshecomes.B.Payingonceamonth.C.Payingonceayear.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Howdidthemandealwiththefreepizza?A.Shareitwithhisfamily.B.Enjoyitonthewayhome.C.Giveitawaytothehomeless. 14.Whatdocustomersneedtodoforafreepizza?A.Talktothewaiters.B.Handintheirsmartphones.C.Lockupalltheirbelongings.15.Whathasthebossdecidedtodo?A.Usehismobilephonelessathome.B.Buyeachofhischildrenasmartphone.C.Helphischildrenwiththeirschoolwork.16.Whatwillthemanprobablytalkaboutnext?A.Thestepsofmakingapizza.B.Thelocationoftherestaurant.C.Morestoriesabouttherestaurant’sboss.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhoisBuddy?A.Adog.B.Apoliceman.C.Areporter.18.WhatdidDorothytraindogsforatfirst?A.Givingperformances.B.Guidingblindpeople.C.Savingpeoplefromdanger.19.WheredidMorrislearnaboutthetrainingprograminGermany?A.Onthenewspaper.B.OnTV.C.Onatextbook.20.Whatmadethereporterssurprised?A.Morriscouldgoacrosstheheavytraffichimself.B.BuddycouldbedeliveredtoNewYork.C.BuddycouldguideMorrisinthebusystreet.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ARoyalTyrrellMuseumofPaleontology:Alberta,CanadaThefirstmuseumfordinosaursinCanada,RoyalTyrrellisopensevendaysaweekinorderforvisitorstoexperiencetheiramazingcollectionofspecimens(标本).Standoutsoftheircollectionincludetheskeleton(骨架)ofanewarmoreddinosaur,Borealopeltamarkmitchelli,whichwasdiscoveredin2011andwastheoldestdinosaur foundinAlbertatodate.RoyalBelgianInstituteofNaturalScience:Brussels,BelgiumFoundedin1846,theRoyalBelgianInstituteofNaturalSciencehasthelargestDinosaurGalleryinEurope,devotedtodisplayingdinosaurfossils(化石)andinformationaboutthem.In1878,therewere38nearlycompleteIguanodonskeletonsfoundinacoalmineinBelgium,ofwhichthemuseumacquired30.NaturalHistoryMuseum:Paris,FranceTheNaturalHistoryMuseumhas14sitesaroundFrance,with4situatedinParis.Themuseumisthethird-largestcollectionofspecimensintheworld,withabout62millioninreserve.Therearemanydinosaursandprehistoricanimalstobefoundhere.ZigongDinosaurMuseum:Zigong,ChinaOpenedin1987,ZigongDinosaurMuseumisuniquefrommanyoftheotherdestinationsonthislist,asitissituateduponasitewheredinosaurfossilswerefound.ThemildclimateinZigonghasmadeitagoldminefordinosaur-relateddiscoveries!Spreadoutoverthreefloors,themuseumcoversaround710,000squarefeetandcontainsanumberofexhibitsdevotedtotheJurassicperiod,whichoccurredaround205millionto135millionyearsago.Therewere100-plusspecimensdiscoveredattheZigongsitealone,andthirtyofthemwerecomplete(ornearlycomplete)skeletons!1.WhichmuseumwillyouvisittoseeBorealopeltamarkmitchelli?A.NaturalHistoryMuseum.B.ZigongDinosaurMuseum.C.RoyalTyrrellMuseumofPaleontology.D.RoyalBelgianInstituteofNaturalScience.2.WhenwasthemuseumwiththelargestDinosaurGalleryinEuropefounded?A.In1846.B.In1878.C.In1987.D.In2011.3.WhatisspecialaboutZigongDinosaurMuseum?A.Itisopensevendaysaweek.B.Ithousesabout135millionspecimens.C.Ithasmanyprehistoricanimalsfossilsthere.D.Itislocatedatasitewheredinosaurfossilswerediscovered.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了世界各地的四个恐龙博物馆。【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据RoyalTyrrellMuseumofPaleontology:Alberta,Canada部分中“Standoutsoftheircollectionincludetheskeleton(骨架)ofanewarmoreddinosaur,Borealopeltamarkmitchelli,whichwasdiscoveredin2011andwastheoldestdinosaurfoundinAlbertatodate.(他们的藏品中最引人注目的是一具新的甲龙Borealopeltamarkmitchelli骨架，这是2011年发现的，是迄今为止在阿尔伯塔发现的最古老的恐龙)”可知，你可以去RoyalTyrrellMuseumofPaleontology参观Borealopeltamarkmitchelli。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据RoyalBelgianInstituteofNaturalScience:Brussels,Belgium部分中“Foundedin1846,theRoyalBelgianInstituteofNaturalSciencehasthelargestDinosaurGalleryinEurope,devotedtodisplayingdinosaurfossils(化石)andinformationaboutthem.(比利时皇家自然科学研究所成立于1846年，拥有欧洲最大的恐龙画廊，致力于展示恐龙化石和有关恐龙的信息)”可知，欧洲最大的恐龙画廊成立于1846年。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据ZigongDinosaurMuseum:Zigong,China部分中第一段“Openedin1987,ZigongDinosaurMuseumisuniquefrommanyoftheotherdestinationsonthislist,asitissituateduponasitewheredinosaurfossilswerefound.(自贡恐龙博物馆于1987年开放，与榜单上的许多其他景点相比，自贡恐龙博物馆是独一无二的，因为它坐落在发现恐龙化石的地方)”可知，自贡恐龙博物馆的特殊之处在于它建在恐龙化石发现的地方，故选D。BTammyRugglesalwayswantedtobeaphotographer.InherFirstPersonVoxnarrative,shewrites,“I’dalwayslovedtakingpictures.EversinceIwasalittlegirl,takingphotosofmyfamilyandpetswiththeKodakcamerahasbeenmyfavoritehobby.”Butlikeherdriver’slicenseandsocialworkcareer,RugglesacceptedthatphotographywassomethingshewouldhavetogiveupduetoRetinitisPigmentosa(RP),aprogressiveblindingdiseasethatworsenstheretinas(视网膜)overtime.Rugglesislegallyblind,onlycapableofmakingoutunclearshapes.Howcouldshepracticeanartformthatisonlydependentonvision,ifshehadnone?That’swhenRugglesheardofpoint-and-shootdigitalcameraswhichdidn’tnecessitateadarkroom,exactprecision,orchangingmanual(手动)settings.Ruggleswenttoherbackyard,pressingtheshutteratshapesasanexperiment.Aftertransferringtheimagestoblackandwhiteonher47-inchmonitor(sheseesbestincontrast),shenoticedlittlethingsshehadneverseenevenpriortolosinghervision—blueberriesinsomebrush,wildpumpkinsattheedgeofthewoods,individualleavesonatree.Andwiththathercamerabecamehereyes,capturingthingssheherselfcouldn’tseeandhadneverseen. Rugglesnowconsidershervisionproblemaplustoherphotography.Unlikemostphotographerswhovisualizewhattheywanttheirphototolooklike,Rugglesapproachesherartwithzeropreconceived(预想的)ideasaboutwhatshehopestocapture.Withherlossofvision,Rugglesgainedanotherpairofeyes—onesthatcanseethehiddenbeautyoftheworldaroundher.4.WhatdoweknowaboutRuggles?A.Shewasbornblind.B.Sheisfondofphotography.C.Shehasgotherdriver’slicense.D.She’sstilltakingpictureswiththeKodakcamera.5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeRuggles?A.Braveandambitious.B.Confidentandoptimistic.C.Generousandgifted.D.Helpfulandsincere.6.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Ruggleswillgiveupshootingduetoherlossofvision.B.Rugglesimaginesthephotosinhermindbeforeshooting.C.Rugglesviewshervisionissueasastrengthtoherphotography.D.Ruggleshasachievedgreatsuccessbecauseshecanseethehiddenbeauty.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthetext?A.Tocallonpeopletoprotecteyes.B.Tohelppeoplebeagoodphotographer.C.Topromotepoint-and-shootdigitalcamerasD.Topraisethephotographer’sbraveryandperseverance.【答案】4.B5.B6.C7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要向我们介绍了TammyRuggles一直想成为摄影师，但是她却患有视网膜色素变性，导致眼睛看不见，但她没有放弃自己的梦想，而是借助相机来看世界的励志故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“TammyRugglesalwayswantedtobeaphotographer.InherFirstPersonVoxnarrative,shewrites,“I’dalwayslovedtakingpictures.EversinceIwasalittlegirl,takingphotosofmyfamilyandpetswiththeKodakcamerahasbeenmyfavoritehobby.”(TammyRuggles一直想成为一名摄影师。在她的FirstPersonVox叙述中，她写道：“我一直喜欢拍照。当我还是个小女孩的时候，用柯达相机给我的家人 和宠物拍照一直是我最大的爱好。”)”可知，Ruggles喜欢摄影。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Andwiththathercamerabecamehereyes,capturingthingssheherselfcouldn’tseeandhadneverseen.(于是，她的相机成了她的眼睛，捕捉她自己看不到，也从未看到的东西。)”和第四段中“Rugglesnowconsidershervisionproblemaplustoherphotography.(Ruggles现在认为她的视力问题对她的摄影来说是一个加分项。)”可知，即使她失明了，她也没有很悲观，而是学习用相机来帮她捕捉看不到的东西，她将自己的视力问题当成自己的一个优势，这说明她很乐观，根据第一段中“TammyRugglesalwayswantedtobeaphotographer.(TammyRuggles一直想成为一名摄影师。)”可知，她一直想成为摄影师，即使眼睛看不见她也没有放弃，相信自己能实现自己的梦想，由此可推知，她乐观且自信，故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Rugglesnowconsidershervisionproblemaplustoherphotography.(Ruggles现在认为她的视力问题对她的摄影来说是一个加分项。)”可推知，Ruggles认为她的视觉问题是她摄影的一个优势。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。文章主要向我们介绍了TammyRuggles一直想成为摄影师，但是她却患有视网膜色素变性，导致眼睛看不见，但她没有放弃自己的梦想，而是借助相机来看世界的励志故事。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是赞美这位摄影师的勇气和毅力。故选D。CAttheSouthAfricannaturepreservewhereMiyaWarringtonandcolleaguesstudyCapegroundsquirrels,themaximumdailytemperaturehasincreasedbyabout2.5℃injust18years.Theanimalshavefoundsomewaystotoleratetheregion’sextremeheat,saysWarrington,aconservationecologistattheUniversityofManitoba.Sprawling(趴)flatonthegroundinaposecalledsplooting,forexample,helpstheanimalsremoveheatfromtheirlessfurryundersides.Thesquirrelsalsotakeshadeundertheirbushytails,whichtheycurlabovetheirheadsliketinyumbrella.Whenit’sreallyhot,theyreturntotheirburrows(窝)tocooloff.ButWarringtonwansthat,evenwithalltheseoptionsforkeepingcool,“stilltheycouldbeatthelimitsoftheirtolerance”duetosucharapidclimacticshift.Thatintensepressurecouldbewhytheirbodieshavebeguntochangeshape,Warringtonsays.Shefoundthat,overthecourseofjustundertwodecades,thesquirrels’alreadyincrediblylargehind(后边的)feet,whichmayhelpdissipateheat,havegrownrelativetotheirbodysizesbyabout11percent.Meanwhile,theirspinelengthshavebecomeabout6percentshorter.AndtheCapegroundsquirrelisn’ttheonlyanimalthatappearstobeshape-shiftinginresponsetoclimate change.Asscientistsaccumulatemoreevidencethatmanyspeciesbodiesareundergoingdifferentchangesoverarelativelyshortperiodoftime,itremainsunclearwhethertheiradaptationscankeepaheadofrisingtemperatures—andhowclosetheymaybetoabreakingpoint.Youngflesh,anotherecologistwhoisnotinvolvedinthestudy,soughttodeterminewhetherbirdbodysizesshranktemporallyasclimatechangehasdrivenhotterweatherinareasthroughoutNorthAmerica,“Thescaleoftheirprojectislarge,”hesays,addingthattorecordthischangeinsomanyspeciesoversuchashortperiod“reallysuggeststhatthereissomethingglobalaffectingallthesebirds—andclimatechangeiswhatmakessense”.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dissipate”inParagraph3probablymean?AAbsorb.B.Reduce.C.Boost.D.Produce.9.Whatarescientistscertainabout?A.Thespecificfunctionsofthesquirrel’shindfeet.B.Thesquirrel’sadaptationstotherisingtemperatures.C.HowthebirdinNorthAmericarespondstoextremeheat.D.Manyspecieschangetheirbodyshapeinabriefperiodoftime.10.WhatisYoungflesh’sattitudetoWarrington’sstudy?A.Positive.B.Doubtful.C.Negative.D.Worried.11.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.LivingHabitsofCapeGroundSquirrelsB.NegativeEffectsofClimateChangeonAnimalsC.AnimalsAreShape-ShiftinginResponsetoaWarmingWorldD.HighTemperaturesAreApproachingtheLimitsofAnimals’Tolerance【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家通过对非洲地松鼠的研究发现在南非随着气温的上升，动物身体开始改变形状来适应炎热的气候。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Sprawlingflatonthegroundinaposecalledsplooting,forexample,helpstheanimalsremoveheatfromtheirlessfurryundersides.（例如，以一种称为“拍打”的姿势平躺在地上，有助于动物从不那么毛茸茸的下侧散热。）”可知，该句子中的removeheat（消除热量）可以解释“dissipateheat”，选项中的reduce与heat搭配表示“减少热量”，因此reduce可以解释划线词。故选B项。 【9题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Asscientistsaccumulatemoreevidencethatmanyspeciesbodiesareundergoingdifferentchangesoverarelativelyshortperiodoftime,itremainsunclearwhethertheiradaptationscankeepaheadofrisingtemperatures—andhowclosetheymaybetoabreakingpoint.（随着科学家们积累了更多的证据，证明许多物种的身体在相对较短的时间内正在经历不同的变化，目前尚不清楚它们的适应能力是否能在气温上升之前保持领先，以及它们离临界点有多近。）”可知，科学家们可以确定的是许多物种在很短的时间内改变了它们的体型。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Youngflesh,anotherecologistwhoisnotinvolvedinthestudy,soughttodeterminewhetherbirdbodysizesshranktemporallyasclimatechangehasdrivenhotterweatherinareasthroughoutNorthAmerica,“Thescaleoftheirprojectislarge,”hesays,addingthattorecordthischangeinsomanyspeciesoversuchashortperiod“reallysuggeststhatthereissomethingglobalaffectingallthesebirds—andclimatechangeiswhatmakessense”.（另一位没有参与这项研究的生态学家Youngflesh试图确定，由于气候变化导致整个北美地区的天气变暖，鸟类的体型是否会暂时缩小。他说，“他们的项目规模很大”，他又补充说，在这么短的时间内记录这么多物种的这种变化“确实表明，有一些全球性的东西影响着所有这些鸟类，而气候变化可能是起到了作用”。）”可知，Youngflesh对Warrington的研究持肯定的态度。故选A项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了在南非随着气温的上升，动物身体开始改变形状来适应炎热的气候，并以对非洲地松鼠的研究和收集的证据来说明这一观点。C选项（动物正在改变形状以应对全球变暖）体现了文章的主旨大意，适合作本文标题。故选C项。DThesedays,ifyouhearaboutthebirthofanOliviaoraLiam,youmightfeelsympathy—thepoorchildhasbeencursed(诅咒)withthemostpopularnameoftheirtimeandmightbeatriskofsharingitwithakindergartenclassmate.“ThenameMaryforinstance,wasthemostpopulargirlsnamefrom1880to1961.”saidLauraWattenberg,thefounderofthenaming-trendssiteNamerology.Inthepast60orsoyears,Americanparents’approachtonamingtheirkidshasundergoneadeepshift.Today,manyparentsseekoutlesspopularnamestohelptheirkidsstandout.Butinthepast,parentstypicallypickedcommonnames,consciouslyornot,sothattheirkidswouldfitin.In1880,thepercentageofbabieswhogotatop-10mostpopularnamewasintheneighborhoodof32percent,accordingtoWattenberg’scalculations.In1950,itwasabout28percent.Andin2020,ithadfallentoanall-time lowof7percent.“Wearedeepinaneraofnamingindividuality,whereparentsassumethathavinganamesounddistinctiveanduniqueisavirtue,”Wattenbergsaid.Therecameaturntowardnoveltyanddistinctivenessinthe1960s.Itwasdrivenbymanybroadershiftsindailylife.Asfamilysizesshrunkandkidsstoppeddoinglabor,Americans“startedtofocusontheuniquenessofeachchild,”asthesociologistPhilipCohenhaswritten,and“individualityemergedasaproject—startingwithnamingofcreatinganidentity.”Anothercrucialchangeisthatinthe1960s,parentsstartedgainingaccesstodataonbabynamingtrends,accordingtoEvans,aprofessorinBellevueUniversity.Booksinformedparentswhichnameswerepopular—and,byextension,whichoverexposednamestheymightwanttoavoid.Asthisinformationbecamemorewidelyavailable,Evansargues,parentsfeltmoresocialpressurenottopickthesamenameaseveryoneelseforfearofnotfollowingthelatestfashions.12.Whichofthefollowingwasthemostwelcomeasagirl’snamefrom1880to1961?A.Olivia.B.Liam.C.Laura.D.Mary.13.Whydidparentstypicallypickcommonnamesfortheirkids?A.Tohelptheirkidsstandout.B.Tohelptheirkidsdevelopavirtue.C.Tohelptheirkidsintegratewithothers.D.Tokeepnamesincirculationforalongtime.14.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?A.Theuniquenessofeachchild.B.Thereasonsforbaby-namingshift.C.EnormousshiftsinAmericansociety.D.Theimportanceofcreatinganidentity.15.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Acolumninanewspaper.B.Areviewofabestseller.C.Astoryinamagazine.D.Achapterofasciencebook.【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国父母给孩子取名的方式发生了变化，文章分析了其中的原因，并强调现在是孩子拥有独特名字的时代。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“‘ThenameMaryforinstance,wasthemostpopulargirlsnamefrom1880 to1961.’saidLauraWattenberg,thefounderofthenaming-trendssiteNamerology.(‘例如，从1880年到1961年，玛丽是最受欢迎的女孩名字。’命名趋势网站namamerology的创始人劳拉·瓦滕伯格说)”可知，1880年至1961年之间，最受欢迎的女孩名为Mary。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Butinthepast,parentstypicallypickedcommonnames,consciouslyornot,sothattheirkidswouldfitin.(但在过去，父母通常会有意无意地选择常见的名字，这样他们的孩子就能和他人融洽相处)”可知，过去父母通常会给孩子取常见的名字，这样可以帮助他们的孩子与他人融合。故选C项。【14题详解】主旨大意题。倒数第二段第一句“Therecameaturntowardnoveltyanddistinctivenessinthe1960s.(20世纪60年代，人们开始转向追求新奇和独特)”，最后一段“Asthisinformationbecamemorewidelyavailable,Evansargues,parentsfeltmoresocialpressurenottopickthesamenameaseveryoneelseforfearofnotfollowingthelatestfashions.(随着这些信息变得越来越广泛，埃文斯认为，父母们感到了更大的社会压力，他们不想和其他人选择相同的名字，因为他们害怕不能跟上最新的潮流)”可知，最后两段主要讲美国家长给孩子起名字变化的原因。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容可知，文章主要介绍了美国父母取名方式发生了变化，并简要分析了原因。取名方式的变化，属于社会现象，由此推知，文章最可能来自报纸的某一个版块，如文化版块。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。OneofthebestwaystopracticeforgivenessiswiththeREACHmethod.REACHstandsforRecall,Empathize(移情),Altruistic(利他的)gift,CommitandHold.____16____Recall,Thefirststepistorecallthewrongdoinginanobjectiveway.Thegoalisnottothinkofthepersoninanegativelight,buttocometoaclearunderstandingofthewrongthatwasdone.____17____Don’tpushasideanything,especiallyifitmakesyoufeelangryorupset.Empathize.Trytounderstandtheotherperson’spointofviewregardingwhyheorshehurtyou,butdon’tminimizethewrongthatwasdone.Sometimesthewrongdoingwasnotpersonal,butduetosomethingtheotherpersonwasdealingwith.____18____Theyoftendon’tthinkclearlywhentheyhurtothers,andtheyjustlosecontrol.Altruisticgift.Thisstepisaboutaddressingyourownshortcomings.Recallatimewhenyoutreatedsomeone unkindlyandwereforgiven.____19____Recognizingthishelpsyourealizethatforgivenessisanaltruisticgiftthatyoucangivetoothers.Commit.Commityourselftoforgiveness.Forinstance,writeaboutyourforgivenessinajournaloraletterthatyoudon’tsendortellafriend.Hold.Finally,holdontoyourforgiveness.Thisstepistoughbecausememoriesoftheeventwilloftenhappenagain.Forgivenessisnoterasure(消除).____20____Whenbadfeelingsarise,remindyourselfthatyouhaveforgivenandfinallyyouwantgoodfortheoffender.A.Howdiditmakeyoufeel?B.Hereisalookateachstep.C.Forgivenessisacharacterofthestrongandwise.D.Howcanyouacquirethehabitofshowingkindnesstoothers?E.Rather,it’saboutchangingyourreactiontothoseawfulmemories.F.Visualizethepersonandsituationandallthefeelingsthatcomewithit.G.Peoplewhoattackothersaresometimesthemselvesinastateoffearandworry.【答案】16.B17.F18.G19.A20.E【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了练习宽恕的最好方法之一是使用REACH方法——回忆(Recall)、共情(Empathize)、利他(Altruistic)、承诺(Commit)和坚持(Hold)。【16题详解】根据上文“OneofthebestwaystopracticeforgivenessiswiththeREACHmethod.REACHstandsforRecall,Empathize(移情),Altruistic(利他的)gift,CommitandHold.(练习宽恕的最好方法之一是使用REACH方法。REACH分别代表回忆、共情、利他、承诺和坚持。)”可知，本文话题为REACH方法，B项“Hereisalookateachstep.(下面是每个步骤的介绍。)”，根据下文五个小标题可知，B项起到承上启下作用，统领下文。故选B项。【17题详解】本段小标题为Recall，根据上文“Thefirststepistorecallthewrongdoinginanobjectiveway.Thegoalisnottothinkofthepersoninanegativelight,buttocometoaclearunderstandingofthewrongthatwasdone.(第一步是客观地回顾过错。这样做的目的不是从负面的角度来看待这个人，而是要清楚地认识到他做错了什么。)”可知，通过回顾过失可以帮助了解这人错在哪里，复现词为theperson，F项“Visualizethepersonandsituationandallthefeelingsthatcomewithit.(想象那个人和情境，以及随之而来的所有感受。)”，F项具体表述怎么回顾，下文“Don’tpushasideanything,especiallyifitmakesyoufeelangryorupset.(不要把任 何事情放在一边，尤其是让你感到愤怒或不安的事情。)”，其中的feelangryorupset呼应F项中的allthefeelingsthatcomewithit，上下文衔接连贯。故选F项。【18题详解】下文“Theyoftendon’tthinkclearlywhentheyhurtothers,andtheyjustlosecontrol.(当他们伤害别人的时候，他们往往没有想清楚，他们只是失去了控制)”，G项“Peoplewhoattackothersaresometimesthemselvesinastateoffearandworry.(攻击他人的人有时自己也处于恐惧和担忧的状态。)”，下文中的They指代G项中的Peoplewhoattackothers，攻击他人的人处于恐惧担忧而失控伤人，上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选G项。【19题详解】上文“Recallatimewhenyoutreatedsomeoneunkindlyandwereforgiven.(回忆一下你对别人不友好而被原谅的经历。)”，A项“Howdiditmakeyoufeel?(你是什么感觉)”，上文与A项为顺接关系，下文“Recognizingthishelpsyourealizethatforgivenessisanaltruisticgiftthatyoucangivetoothers.(认识到这一点有助于你意识到宽恕是一种你可以给别人的无私的礼物。)”，其中的this指代A项内容，上下文衔接连贯。故选A项。【20题详解】本段小标题为Hold，作为练习宽恕的最后一个环节，上文“Forgivenessisnoterasure(消除).(宽恕不是抹去)”，E项“Rather,it’saboutchangingyourreactiontothoseawfulmemories(相反，它是关于改变你对那些可怕记忆的反应)”，上文与E项为转折关系，下文“Whenbadfeelingsarise,remindyourselfthatyouhaveforgivenandfinallyyouwantgoodfortheoffender.(当不好的感觉出现时，提醒自己你已经原谅了，最后你希望冒犯者得到好处。)”，下文承接E项内容，表达了面对不好的记忆、感觉，不是抹去，而是改变自己的态度、反应，上下文衔接连贯。故选E项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Suhanahasasister,Shahrine,whoisolderby18months.WhileShahrine’smotherwaspregnantwithSuhana,theirunclecametotownforavisit.Duringthevisittheirunclewasquickto____21____thatShahrinedidnotseemtobetalkingatanageappropriatelevelor____22____whencalledupon.Shahrinewouldalso____23____thevolumeonthetelevisionwhenotherscouldhearitwithout____24____.Shahrine’sparentshadthoughtthatherspeechdevelopmentandbehaviorwere____25____forakid,butthankstotheuncleexpressinghis____26____,thefamilysoon____27____.AhearingtestfoundthatShahrinewashardof____28____.DuetoShahrine’sdiagnosis(诊断),Suhanareceivedahearing____29____atbirthandwasfoundtobehardofhearing,aswell.Haditnotbeenforheruncle’sconcern,Suhanawouldn’thavehadahearingtestatbirth. Asaresultoftheir______30______diagnoses,SuhanaandShahrine’sparentswereabletogainthe______31______theyneededtomakesurebothoftheirchildrencouldreachtheirfull______32______inlife.Theyhad______33______toearlyservicesfromateamofphysicians,speechtherapistsandteachers.Suhana______34______herownsuccesstoherparents,sayingthatshecouldn’thavemadeitwithouttheir______35______andpatience.Today,Suhanaworksasanexpertwhoprovideshelpforchildrenwhoaredeaforhardofhearing.21.A.recommendB.agreeC.demandD.notice22.A.moveB.complainC.respondD.explain23.A.takeoffB.turnupC.putoffD.pickup24.A.hesitationB.mercyC.difficultyD.doubt25.A.strangeB.normalC.seriousD.interesting26.A.concernB.satisfactionC.confusionD.gratitude27.A.lostheartB.madeprogressC.tookactionD.hadfun28.A.readingB.writingC.speakingD.hearing29.A.interveningB.identifyingC.screeningD.discovering30.A.earlyB.hurriedC.wrongD.delayed31.A.energyB.knowledgeC.reputationD.experience32.A.healthB.chanceC.powerD.potential33.A.accessB.attitudeC.referenceD.approach34.A.limitsB.creditsC.contributesD.devotes35.A.sympathyB.forgivenessC.influenceD.support【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.C25.B26.A27.C28.D29.C30.A31.B32.D33.A34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。苏哈娜的姐姐从小听力差，在叔叔的提醒下，苏哈娜一出生就做了听力筛查，所以从小得以治疗，后来她取得了巨大成功。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在拜访期间，她们的叔叔很快就注意到，沙赫琳似乎没有达到一个与年龄相称的水平，也没有在被叫到时做出反应。A.recommend推荐；B.agree同意；C.demand要求；D.notice注意到。根据“thatShahrinedidnotseemtobetalkingatanageappropriatelevelor____2____whencalledupon.”可知，沙赫琳的叔叔注意到她的问题。故选D。 【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在拜访期间，他们的叔叔很快就注意到，沙赫琳似乎没有达到一个与年龄相称的水平，也没有在被要求时做出回应。A.move感动；B.complain抱怨；C.respond回复；反应；D.explain解释。根据“whencalledupon.”可知，沙赫琳被叫时，没有做到相应的反应。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：沙赫琳还会在别人能毫不费力地听到的时候把电视的音量调大。A.takeoff脱掉；B.turnup调大；C.putoff推迟；D.pickup捡起。根据“thevolumeonthetelevision”结合下文诊断她听力有问题可知，沙赫琳会把电视机的音量调得很大。故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：沙赫琳还会在别人能毫不费力地听到的时候把电视的音量调大。A.hesitation犹豫；B.mercy仁慈；C.difficulty困难；D.doubt怀疑。withoutdifficulty毫不费力。根据“whenotherscouldhearit”可知，在这里表示对比，其他孩子们不用费力就能听到。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：沙赫琳的父母本以为她的语言发育和行为对于一个孩子来说是正常的，但多亏了叔叔的关心，这家人很快就采取了行动。A.strange奇怪的；B.normal正常的；C.serious认真的；D.interesting有趣的。根据“butthankstotheuncleexpressinghis____6____,thefamilysoon____7____.”可知，沙赫琳的父母原认为她的言语发育和行为对一个孩子来说是正常的。故选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：沙赫琳的父母本以为她的语言发育和行为对于一个孩子来说是正常的，但多亏了叔叔的关心，这家人很快就采取了行动。A.concern关心；B.satisfaction满意；C.confusion混淆；D.gratitude感激。根据下文“Haditnotbeenforheruncle’sconcern,Suhanawouldn’thavehadahearingtestatbirth.”可知，由于叔叔的关心，家人及时采取了行动。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：沙赫琳的父母本以为她的语言发育和行为对于一个孩子来说是正常的，但多亏了叔叔的关心，这家人很快就采取了行动。A.lostheart灰心；B.madeprogress取得进步；C.tookaction采取行动；D.hadfun玩得愉快。根据下文“DuetoShahrine’sdiagnosis(诊断),Suhanareceivedahearing　　9　　　”可知，家人很快就采取了行动。故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：听力测试发现沙赫琳听力不好。A.reading阅读；B.writing写作；C.speaking讲话；D.hearing听力。根据“Suhanareceivedahearing____9____atbirthandwasfoundtobehardofhearing,”可知，沙赫琳做听力测试发现听力不好。故选D。 【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于沙赫琳的诊断，苏哈娜在出生时接受了听力筛查，发现她也有听力障碍。A.intervening干涉；B.identifying识别；C.screening筛查，检查；D.discovering发现。根据“AhearingtestfoundthatShahrinewashardof____8____.”可知，由于沙赫琳的诊断，苏哈娜出生时接受了听力筛查，结果发现听力也很差。故选C。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于她们的早期诊断，苏哈娜和沙赫琳的父母能够获得她们需要的知识，以确保他们的孩子能够在生活中充分发挥潜力。A.early早的；B.hurried匆忙的；C.wrong错误的；D.delayed延迟的。根据“Suhanahasasister,Shahrine,whoisolderby18months.WhileShahrine’smotherwaspregnantwithSuhana,theirunclecametotownforavisit.”推知，两姐妹在很小的时候就进行了诊断，即由于她们的早期诊断父母获得了照顾和教育她们需要的知识。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于她们的早期诊断，苏哈娜和沙赫琳的父母能够获得她们需要的知识，以确保他们的孩子能够在生活中充分发挥潜力。A.energy精力；B.knowledge知识；C.reputation名声；D.experience经验。根据“theyneededtomakesurebothoftheirchildrencouldreachtheirfull_____12_____inlife.”可知，这里应该是获得一些关于帮助他们的孩子们的一些知识。故选B。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于她们的早期诊断，苏哈娜和沙赫琳的父母能够获得她们需要的知识，以确保他们的孩子能够在生活中充分发挥潜力。A.health健康；B.chance机会；C.power力量；D.potential潜力。根据“Asaresultoftheir_____10_____diagnoses,”及前文可知，姐妹俩都诊断为有听力障碍，父母尽力确保孩子们在她们的人生中能够充分发挥她们的潜能。故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们可以获得由医生、语言治疗师和教师组成的团队的早期服务。A.access进入，通道，权力；B.attitude态度；C.reference参考；D.approach靠近。haveaccessto可以利用。根据“earlyservicesfromateamofphysicians,speechtherapistsandteachers.”可知，姐妹俩可以从医生、言语治疗师和教师团队中获得早期服务。haveaccessto“可获得，可以利用”故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：苏哈娜把自己的成功归功于她的父母，她说如果没有他们的支持和耐心，她不可能做到这一点。A.limits限制；B.credits归功于；C.contributes贡献；D.devotes致力于。credit...to...把……归功于……。根据“herownsuccesstoherparents,”可知，苏哈娜把自己的成功归功于父母。故选B。 【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：苏哈娜把自己的成功归功于她的父母，她说如果没有他们的支持和耐心，她不可能做到这一点。A.sympathy同情；B.forgiveness宽恕；C.influence影响；D.support支持。根据“SuhanaandShahrine’sparentswereabletogainthe　　11　　theyneededtomakesurebothoftheirchildrencouldreachtheirfull　12　　　　　　　　　inlife.Theyhad　13　　toearlyservicesfromateamofphysicians,speechtherapistsandteachers.”可知，这些都是父母的支持。由此推知，苏哈娜把自己的成功归功于父母的支持。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Withitslandscapeofplateaus(高原)boundbymountains,ShanxiprovinceinNorthChinaisregardedasbeingassociatedwithfieldsofwheatandiconicwheatproducts.Daoxiaonoodlesisoneofthemostpopular____36____(dish)there.Thisdish____37____(date)backtoChina’sYuanDynasty(1271—1368),sothistypeofwell-receivednoodleshasalonghistory.____38____(make)Daoxiaonoodles,holdthedough(面团)withonehand,andontheotherhand,usingasharpknifethat’s____39____(specific)made,slicethenoodlesintoapotofboilingwater.According____40____thelocals,someofthemostskilledchefscansliceupto200noodlesaminute.Atrestaurants,customersoftenwatchinamazementas____41____(talent)chefsperformadancewhilemakinglamian,whichmeanspullednoodles.Thechefsswingthenoodlesaroundwitheleganceastheystretchlongerandlonger,thinnerandthinnerbeforefinally____42____(land)intothepotforboiling.Thereisalwaysthunderousapplausefor____43____routines.InthecityofTaiyuan,capitalofShanxiprovince,anynumberoffinerestaurantscan____44____(find)servingupdelicacies(美食)fromacrossthecountrysuchasfromSichuanandHunan.ButitistheShanxifood____45____reallygetsmostpeopletohaveabigappetite.【答案】36.dishes37.dates38.Tomake39.specifically40.to41.talented42.landing43.the44.befound45.that【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了山西的面食历史和特色。【36题详解】考查名词复数。句意：刀削面是那里最受欢迎的菜肴之一。oneof后接名词复数形式。故填dishes。【37题详解】考查时态。句意：这道菜可以追溯到中国元朝（1271—1368），所以这种广受欢迎的面条有着悠久的历史。设空处为谓语动词，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为Thisdish，为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：做刀面，一只手拿着面团，另一只手用特制的尖刀将面条削入一锅沸水。设空处为目的状语，应用动词不定式，设空处在句首，to的首字母大写。故填Tomake。【39题详解】考查副词。句意：做刀面，一只手拿着面团，另一只手用特制的尖刀将面条削入一锅沸水。修饰动词made应用副词specifically，意为“特意，专门地”，作状语。故填specifically。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：据当地人说，一些最熟练的厨师一分钟可以切200条面条。此处靠固定短语accordingto，意为“据……所说”，作状语。设空处应用介词to。故填to。【41题详解】考查形容词。句意：在餐馆里，顾客们经常会惊讶地看到才华横溢的厨师一边做拉面一边跳舞。修饰名词chefs应用形容词talented，意为“有才能的，多才的”，作定语。故填talented。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：厨师们优雅地摆动面条，让面条变得越来越长，越来越细，最后进入锅中煮开。介词before后接动名词landing，作宾语。故填landing.【43题详解】考查冠词。句意：表演的时候总是有雷鸣般的掌声。此处routines指拉面的表演，为特指应用定冠词the。故填the。【44题详解】考查语态。句意：在山西省会太原市，你可以找到许多高级餐馆，供应来自四川和湖南等全国各地的美食。情态动词can后接动词原形，find与逻辑主语anynumberoffinerestaurants为动宾关系，应用被动语态befound。故填befound。【45题详解】考查强调句。句意：真正能让大多数人胃口大开的是山西菜。此处考查强调句“It’s+被强调部分+that...”， 设空处应用that。故填that。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter暑假要来中国旅游，他希望你推荐一家中国主题公园，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1.主题公园的名字和位置;2.你推荐的理由;3.表示欢迎。注意：1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearPeter,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearPeter,Iamsogladtohearfromyou.I’mwritingtorecommendyoutogotoChineseTeaCultureThemeParklocatedinthesuburbanareaofBeijing.Walkingalongthealleyyoucanseelotsofdifferent“tea”characterswrittenbyfamousscholars.ThehistoryofteagrowinginChinaandthespecialwaysofcookingdifferenttea,suchasLongjingtea,andPu’erteaarealsoshownontheculturalwallinthepark.Besides,theparkisfullofuniqueteahouses,whichallowsvisitorstotastevarioustea.Isincerelyinviteyoutocomehereandexperienceourteaculture.YoursSincerely,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国朋友Peter 写一封邮件，为他推荐一家中国主题公园，内容包括：1.主题公园的名字和位置；2.你推荐的理由；3.表示欢迎。【详解】1.词汇积累位于：belocatedin→besituatedin/liein出名的：famous→well-known此外：besides→moreover/inaddition各种各样的：various→varietiesof//varied2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：I’mwritingtorecommendyoutogotoChineseTeaCultureThemeParklocatedinthesuburbanareaofBeijing.拓展句：Knowingyou’reinterestedinthenationalculture,I’mwritingtorecommendyoutogotoChineseTeaCultureThemeParklocatedinthesuburbanareaofBeijing.【点睛】[高分句型1]Walkingalongthealley,youcanseelotsofdifferent“tea”characterswrittenbyfamousscholars.(运用了现在分词短语walkingalong作状语)[高分句型2]Besides,theparkisfullofuniqueteahouses,whichallowsvisitorstotastevarioustea.(运用了关系代词which引导的非限定性定语从句)第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。IwasfilledwithenvywhenIsawmyfriend’snewDisneywatch.That’swhatIwantedforChristmas.“You’renotoldenoughforawatchyet.”Mymother’svoicerevealednoargument.“WhatelsewouldyoulikeforChristmas?”Ihungmyhead.“Nothing.”IdraggedmyfeetasIwalkedaway.LookingbackIrealizemyparentshadnomoneytowasteonsomethingIwouldlikelylose.However,Istillwantedthatwatch.Whenpresentsbegangatheringunderthetree,nonematchedthesizeandshapeofajewelryboxthatmightcontainawatch.However,onewithmynameonitdidraisemycuriosity.Mamahadwrappeditwellwiththickpaper,andthefewtimesIcouldsneak(溜)tothebackofthetreetocheckitoutfailedtogivemeanycluesaboutitsidentity.Mycuriositygrew.Christmasseemedsofaraway.Oneday,Icouldnolongerstandit.WhileMamacookeddinner,Ipulledmyfour-year-oldsisterShellyintothelivingroomandpointedtothemysterygift.“Doyouknowwhatthatis?”Shellynodded. “Whatisit?”“Mamatoldmenottotellyou,”shesaid.Iputmyarmaroundherandusedmybestconspiratorial(阴谋的)voice.“Let’smakeadeal.I’lltellyouwhatIgotyouforChristmasifyoutellmewhat’sinthatpresent.”Shellybrightened.“Okay.Watch.”Iwatchedher.Nothinghappened.“Sowhat’sinthepresent?”“Watch.”Ifrowned(皱眉头)foramomentandthencomprehensiondawned.“Youmeanawatch?TheygotmeawatchforChristmas?”Shesmiledandnodded.AsItoldherIboughtheracoloringbook,Iwasstilldoubtfulaboutherwords.Thebigdaycame,andIheadedstraightforthatgift.WhenItoreoffthepaper,IdidfindabeautifulCinderellawatchwithapinkband.Iwassoexcited.“Yougotmethewatch!Shellytoldmeyouhad,butIdidn’tbelieveher.”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。SuddenlyMamalookedatShellywithdisappointment,lettingoutadeepsigh.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________IfeltalittleashamedandapologizedfornottrustingShelly’swords.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】SuddenlyMamalookedatShellywithdisappointment,lettingoutadeepsigh.“Shelly,Itoldyounottotellyoursisterabouthergift.Itwassupposedtobeasurprise.”Momsaid,shakingherhead.“I’msorry,Mama.”Shellysaid,lookingdownatherfeet.MamaexplainedtoShelly,“Ifyoudon’tkeepyourpromise,otherswillnot trustyou.”Shellynoddedherheadunderstandingly.IfeltalittleashamedandapologizedfornottrustingShelly’swords.“I’msorry,too,Mama.IshouldhavebelievedwhatShellysaidwhenshetoldmeaboutthewatch.”IsaidtomyMama.“It’sokay,honey.Theimportantthingisthatyoubothenjoyyourgifts.”Mamareplied.Inoddedexcitedly,feelinggratefulformyfamily’sloveandcare.Itwasn’tjustaboutthewatch,butthethoughtandefforttheyputintogettingmesomethingspecial.【解析】【导语】本文以事情发展的顺序为线索展开。主要讲述了作者非常想要一只手表，于是想要妈妈给她买手表作为圣诞节礼物，但是妈妈却说她太小还不需要手表。在圣诞节的时候，作者想要知道妈妈给她买了什么礼物，于是让妹妹告诉她。妹妹告诉作者是一块手表，但是作者却不相信，结果打开礼物时真的是一块手表。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“突然，妈妈失望地看着Shelly，深深地叹了一口气。”可知，第一段可描写妈妈告诉Shelly不应该提前告诉作者礼物是什么，Shelly道歉，妈妈告诉她要信守承诺，这样别人才信任她。②由第二段首句内容“我感到有点羞愧，并为不相信Shelly的话而道歉。”可知，第二段可描写作者为自己没有信任Shelly而道歉，妈妈原谅作者，以及表达作者对母亲的感谢。2.续写线索：叹气——告诉Shelly不应该提前告诉作者礼物是什么——Shelly道歉——妈妈告诉她要信守承诺——作者为不相信Shelly的话而道歉——妈妈原谅作者——感谢妈妈3.词汇激活行为类①告诉某人：tellsb./letsb.know②信任：trust/believein③喜欢：enjoy/like情绪类①高兴地：excitedly/happily②感谢：feelgrateful/showingone’sappreciation/【点睛】高分句型1]Shellysaid,lookingdownatherfeet.（非谓语动词作状语）[高分句型2]MamaexplainedtoShelly,“Ifyoudon’tkeepyourpromise,otherswillnottrustyou.”（由if引导状语从句）[高分句型3]Itwasn’tjustaboutthewatch,butthethoughtandefforttheyputintogettingmesomethingspecial.（省略关系代词引导的限制性定语从句）