人教版选修八课件Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Reading&Lisening

Readingandlistening Doyouknowabouttheworldfamouspainting“MonaLisa?Doyouknowwhopaintedthegreatpicture?Leadingin DoyouthinkLeonardodaVinciisreallyagoodpainter?Whatelsedoyouknowheisfamousfor? 《最后的晚餐》 《圣安娜与圣母子》《圣母与圣婴》 WasLeonardodaVincijustapainter?ReadingReadthepassageandanswerthesequestions:1.WhydidLeonardoneedtodesignthingsforhisemployerwhenhewassuchagreatpainter? 2.WhywereLeonardo’sdesignsdifferent?3.Howdidpaintinghelphiminventthings?4.Whichskilldoyouthinkwasmoreimportant:hisdrawingfortheinventionsorhisunderstandingofmachinesforhispainting?Giveareason. 1.TherulersofthesmallItalianstatesneededmilitaryinventionstohelpintheirwarswitheachother.Theyonlyneededpaintingsintimesofpeace.Leonardolivedatatimeofgreatinstability,somilitaryinventionswerehisbestwayofearningmoney. 2.Hisdesignsweredifferentbecausehetookthingsapartandthenimprovedthem.Sohisdesignswereaccurateandcouldbebuiltandused. 3.WhilehewasstudyingunderVerrochio,Leonardoobservedandusedavarietyofmachines,bystudyinganddrawingthemachines,Leonardogainedknowledgeabouttheirdesignandstructure.Hisdrawingskillenablehimtoproducecleardrawingsofhismechanical ideaseasily,manyofwhichcanstillbeusedtocreateperfectworkingmachines.theuseofmechanicalgearswashismostinterestingpartandhecameupwithnumerousinventionsbasedonthegear. 4.Hisunderstandingofmachinesforhispaintingwasmoreimportantbecausebyunderstandinghoweachseparatemachinepartworked,hecouldimprovethemandcombinethemindifferentwaystoimproveexistingmachines,whichleadtoalotofinventions. OneoftheremarkablethingsaboutLeonardodaVinciwashisnaturalabilityinsomanysubjects.AreyouascleverasLeonardo?Findoutbyfillinginthischart: PossibleskillsEvidencefromLeonardoEvidencefromyouartistfamouspaintingssuchasMonaLisa.Icoulddrawnicepictureswhenveryyoung. engineera.Someofhisearlydrawingsshowedclearlyhowvariousmachinepartsworked.b.Inthiswayhebegantodesignmachinesnoonehadeverseenbefore.Isometimeslookatbooksaboutdifferentmachinesandtrytodesignperfectworkingmachines. architectHelearnttodesignwhateverhisemployerwanted:cities,canals,bridgesorweapons.Iaminterestedinmodernarchitecture. teacherhadhisownschoolwithapprenticesofhisownasanestablishedartistdid.Ilovechildrenandenjoymakingfriendswiththem. doctorlearnedabouttheanatomyofthehumanbodybycuttingitupIfeelmercifulforthosesickpeoplewhosuffergreatpain. inventordesignedmanynewthingssuchasthebicycle,ahelicopterandan“automobile”,etcNotimespentonmakinginventions scientistTookthingsapartandfoundouthowtheyworkedinordertodesignabetterone.MaybetherewillbesomeevidenceafterIgraduateandmajorincertainsubjectintheuniversity. Discussthesequestionsinpairs.1.HowmanywayswasLeonardoabletoearnhisliving?2.Howmanyareasareyoufamiliarwith?3.Whichareasofknowledgeareyouleasthappywith?Doesthisworryyou?Howmightyouputthisright? ListeningonPage67Listentothetapeanddecideifyouagreewiththepeopleonthetape.Whatdoyouthinkitwas?Fillinthechartbelowwiththeideasofthetwogirlsandthenmakeyourownsuggestions. Thegirls’suggestionsReasonsforReasonsagainst1.aroundabouthasfourwheelsandafloorwheelsgoforwardsandbackwards,notroundandround Thegirls’suggestionsReasonsforReasonsagainst2.3.canmove,bigenoughtocarryafamilynoroomtosleepinit,noteasytoparkatnighttheappearancemadeofmetalandnotclothacaravanatent IthinkLeonardodesignedan________because_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________earlycarthepictureseemstoshowavehiclethatcanmovebackwardsandforwards,hasfourwheelsandcantakepeopleforaride.Itdoesnothavebedsorroomforbeds,soitcannotbeacaravan.Itismadeofmetalsoitcannotbeatent.Itdoesnotgoroundandroundsoitcannotbearoundabout. WHATCANITBE?ElliesmithisdiscussingwithoneofherfriendsTangLing,whatthisinventionbyLeonardomightbe.Listeningtext ES:Lookatthisdrawings!Whatdoyouthinkthisissupposedtobe?TL:Idon’tknow!Itdoesn’tsay,butlet’sseeifwecanworkoutwhatitis.ES:OK.Nowlet’ssee.Itlooksabitlikeatentbuthasfourwheelsunderneath. TL:You’rerightbutwhenyoulookatthesecondpicturewiththewheelsyoucanseethatithadafloortostandonandwheelsbelowthat.Doyouthinkitwasaroundaboutforchildren? ES:Goodthinking.Butthewaythatheplacedthewheelsshowsthatitmusthavebeenforgoingforwardsandbackwards,notroundandround.No,Idon’tthinkitwasaroundabout. TL:Let’slookatitagain.Doyouthinkit’smadeofmetal?Thewheelsseemtohavehandlestomovethem. ES:Inthatcaseitmusthavebeenlargeenoughformorethanoneperson.Youwouldhaveneededfourpeople—onetomoveeachwheel.Soitcannotbeatentasthatismadeofcloth. TL:Yes,Ithinkyou’reright.ES:ItalsoseemstohavesomethinglikestickscomingoutofthebodyDoyouthinktheyarefordecoration?TL:Perhaps.ThatispossibleasweknowLeonardowasanartist. ES:Yesandifthatwerethecase,perhapsitwasforfunforthefamily.Itcouldcarryfourpeopletomovethewheelsandthenanotheroneortwochildrentohelp.Maybesixaltogether.TL:Wow!Soitmusthavebeenmadeofmetal.Nothingelsecouldcarryallthatweight. ES:True!Thewheelsmustbemadeofwoodormetal.TL:Doyouthinkit’sacaravan?ES:Yes,thatmakessense.Itwouldbebigenoughbuttheredoesn’tseemtobeanyroomtosleepinit.Anditwouldn’tbeveryeasytoparkforthenight.Soperhapsitwasanearlycar? TL:Well,let’slookintheguidebook.Ohno—itseemsyou’renotcorrect.ES:Gracious.Sowhatonearthcanitbe?TL:ThinkagainaboutLeonardo’slife.Can’tyouguess?