上海市杨浦区2022-2023学年高三英语上学期一模试卷（Word版附解析）

2022-2023学年上海市杨浦区高三上学期英语一模卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Atthetravelagency.B.Attheshoppingmall.C.Atthemuseum.D.Atthelecturehall.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Oh,lookatthis.It’sabrochureforvirtualtoursofthemuseum.M:That’ssocool!Wecantakeavirtualtourofthemodernartworkexhibitionthatweskippedthismorning.Q:Wherewerethetwospeakersthismorning?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Itsplugismissing.B.Ithasgotoutofpaper.C.Itisn’tconnectedtothepower.D.Itisnotputintherightposition. 【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Canyouhelpmeplease?Ican’tgetthisprintertowork.Itriedfillingitwithpaperbutstillnothing.M:Well,Icanseetheproblemfromhere.It’snotpluggedin.Q:Whydoesn’ttheprinterworkproperly?3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Bossandemployee.B.Colleagues.C.Policemanandprisoner.D.Classmates.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Whyisn’tBenhereintheoffice?M:Benmadeanarrowescapeandleftworkjustbeforethebosscouldgivehimmoreassignmentstodo.Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Shefailedthedrivingtestinthepast.BShecan’tbelievethemanfoiled.C.Themanshouldhavepracticedmore.D.Themanshouldforgetaboutthetest.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:Istillcan’tbelievethatIfailedmydrivingtestafterdaysofpractice.W:Thepastisinthepast.Justletitgo.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A.Hethinkshighlyofit.B.Hedoesn’tlikeit.C.Itlaststoolong.D.Itscontentisnotgood.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Soyou’veseentheshow.NowI’dliketohearyouropinions.M:Well,Iamafraidtheshowisnotgoodenough.Thepresentercomesacrossasabitsortofbig-headedandfullofhimself.Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheshow?6.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Eightweeksisnotaproblemforhim.B.Allthespecialistsarefullybooked.C.Thegoodspecialistisworththewait.D.Hisbackproblemisnotveryserious.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Sincethisspecialistdoesn’thaveanyopeningsforeightweeks,whynotseeanotherspecialistforyourbackproblem?M:Butsheisthebestinthebusiness.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Thelibrarywon’tbeopenaspreviouslyscheduled.B.Thelibraryisbelievedtobebeyondrepair.C.Therepairworkdidn’tstartfromthe25thofMay.D.Therepairworkshouldhavebeenplannedearlier.【答案】A【解析】 【原文】W:It’s9o’clock.Howcomethelibraryisnotopen?M:It’sclosedforrepairsfromthe25thofApriluntilthe1stofJuly.ButIheardtherepairworkwasn’tgoingonverysmoothly.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?8.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Thewomanshouldstickwithhercurrentjob.B.Thewomanshouldtakethenewjoboffer.C.Thewomanshouldbepreparedtoworkextrahours.D.Thewomanshouldstopcomplainingaboutherjob.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:SoyouthinkIshouldtakethisnewjob?M:I’vebeenlisteningtoyoucomplainforoverayearnow.Theypayyoulate.Theyforceyoutoworkextrahours.Whatdoyouhavetolose?Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Themanisdeterminedtohaveabreakthisweekend.B.Themanishesitantoverwhethertohaveabreakornot.C.Bothofthemareunderpressureanddeserveabreak.D.Neitherofthemwillenjoyastress-freeweekend.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:It’sSunday.Giveyourselfabreak.M:Iknow.IfeellikeIshouldenjoytheweekend,butnotdoinganythingmakesmeevenmorestressedout.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A.Hetendstounderstatethedifficulty.B.Helikestomakeemptypromises.C.Heispassionateaboutextremesports.D.Hehatestostretchthetruth.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Hey,Ijustsignedupforanactivity.Doyouwannajoinme?Ipromiseit’snothingtoodifficult.W:Ihighlydoubtit.Lasttimeyousaidthesamething,anditturnedouttobeamarathon.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimplyabouttheman?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.A.Trynottothinkofapolarbear.B.Trytoposeasapolarbear.C.Stopthinkingabouttheirfeet.D.Observethemselvesforafewminutes.12.A.Thosewhowereinformedofthepurposeoftheexperiment.B.Thosewhoweretoldtothinkofwhitebearsonpurpose.C.Thosewhowereshownpicturesofwhitebearsatintervals.D.Thosewhowereaskednottothinkofawhitebearfromthebeginning.13. A.Therewillbegreaterchanceofuscontrollingthethoughts.B.Olddoubtswillbemorelikelytocometothesurface.C.Wewillbeabletogetridofnegativethoughts.D.Wewillbebotheredmorelikelybythethoughts.【答案】11.A12.D13.D【解析】【原文】Trynottothinkaboutyourfeet.Nowobserveyourselfoverthenextfewminutesasyouareunabletostopthinkingaboutthem.Thisphenomenon,knownasthe“whitebearproblem,”wasfirstsuggestedbackin1863byRussiannovelist,FyodorDostoevsky.Inhisessay,hechallengedreaders,“Trytoposeyourselfthistask:nottothinkofapolarbear,andyouwillseethattheannoyingthingwillcometomindeveryminute.”Overacenturyandahalflater,HarvardpsychologistDanielWegnercameacrossDostoevsky’spassage,andwasinspiredtoinvestigatethematterfurther.Wegnerdesignedanexperimentinvolvingdifferentgroupsofsubjectswhowereaskedtothinkofornottothinkofawhitebear.Whenthefirstgroupofpeoplewereaskednottothinkofawhitebear,theyendedupthinkingofitmorethanonceperminuteonaverage.Next,thesamegroupwasaskedtodothesameexercise,butthistimetothinkofwhitebearsfromtheverybeginning.Itturnedoutthattheparticipantsinthefirstgroupthoughtofthebearfarmoreoftenthantheothergroupswhohadbeeninstructedtothinkofwhitebearsonpurpose.Wegnercoinedtheterm“ironicrebound”todescribetheprocesswherebydeliberateattemptstocontrolthoughtsmakethemmorelikelytocometothesurface.Questions11.WhatdidtheRussiannovelistaskthereaderstodoinhisessaybackin1863?12.Whothoughtofthewhitebearthemostamongdifferentgroupsofsubjects?13.AccordingtoWegner,whatwillhappenifweattempthardtocontrolcertainthoughts?听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.A.Byusingaspecialtypeofliquid.B.Byabsorbingtheheatfromtheceiling.C.Byfixingadeviceontheinsidecoating.D.Byremovingpressurefromthepipes. 15.A.Ithassuccessfullyachievedzero-carbonemission.B.Renewableenergyisusedtheretopowerlightsandheating.C.ItisabletosupplyalltheheatingintheareaofGlasgow.D.Itattractsprofessionaldancerstohaveagreattimethere.16A.Anewmachinetotransformheatenergy.B.Arevolutionarybatterythatstoresheat.C.AninnovativeprojectcalledBodyheat.D.Aglobaldiscussiononfightingclimatechange.【答案】14.A15.B16.C【解析】【原文】AnartsvenuecalledSWG3inGlasgow,Scotlandhaslaunchedasystemthatusestheheatproducedbydancingasasourceofenergy.Themoreenergeticallypeopledance,themoreheattheycreate.Devicesontheceilingabsorbheatfrominsidetheclubandtransportitthroughpipesusingaspecialtypeofliquidcalledacarrierfluid.Theheatenergytravelsinto12holesdrilledintothegroundtobestored200metresbelow.Theheatenergycanbestoredintherockslikeathermalbatterythatstoresenergyasheatuntilitisneeded.Anothersystemthenmovestheheattoareasthatneedwarming.Theproject,whichiscalledBodyheat,wasofficiallylaunchedon6October,anditwastestedduringtheclimateconferenceinGlasgowinNovember2021.Attheevent,worldleadersdiscussedhowtotackleclimatechange.Thesystemstoredtheheatfromvisitorsandusedittopowerlightsandheating.Now,theownersofSWG3saythey’llbeabletoswitchofftheirgasboilersanduseBodyheattosupplyalltheirheating.Thiswouldadduptobigsavingsintheamountofcarbondioxidetheyproduce.Thehopeisthatby2025,SWG3willnotbereleasinganycarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.DrJonGluyas,fromDurhamUniversitypraisedtheBodyheatprojectasa“reallygoodmove”.HesaiditcouldhelpwiththeenergycrisisintheUKbyproducingmoreenergyhereinsteadofhavingtorelyonbuyingenergyfromothercountries.Besides,peoplearereallymakingGlasgowgreener–whilehavingagreattime.Questions 14.Howistheheattransportedthroughpipestotherocks200metersbelow?15.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutSWG3inGlasgow,Scotland?16.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.A.Aphonewithanup-to-dateoperatingsystem.B.Anewmodelwithadifferentsizeandcolor.C.Amodelthathasthelongest-lastingbattery.D.Aphonewithanautomaticfilmingfunction.18.A.Itmaynotbeasefficientastheoldone.B.Ittakesmuchtimetogetusedtoanewphone.C.Shecan’taffordtobuyanewphone.D.Shedoesn’tlikethenewapplications.19.A.Theirphonesareregularlyupdated.B.Theyarebothinterestedindigitaltechnology.C.Theybothhaddatastolenfromthephones.D.Theiroldphoneswereboughtabout2yearsago.20.A.Improvingproductivityatwork.B.Enlargingthephonestorage.C.Buyinganewsmartphone.D.Increasingphonesecurity.【答案】17.A18.B19.D20.C【解析】【原文】M:Thisarticlesaysthattheaveragetimeforreplacingasmartphoneisabouttwoyears.W:Andyou’retellingmethisbecause...?M:Well,I’vehadmineaboutthatlong.SoI’mthinkingitisabouttimetogetanewphone. W:Why?Issomethingwrongwithit?Wegotoursatthesametime,remember?Idon’tfeeltheneedtogetanewoneyet.M:IthinkI’dbemoreproductiveforworkifIupdatedmyphone.W:Really?Howso?M:Itwouldmakecommunicationeasier,andanewphonewouldbefaster.W:Iknowyouareusingyourphoneforworkmore.Butareyousureyouneedanewone?Dothenewonesreallyfunctionbetter?Oftenanewmodeljustmeansanewsize,colororsomeothersmallfeatures.M:Ineedaphonewithanup-to-dateoperatingsystemsothatmyproductivityratestayshigh.ThenewphoneI’mlookingatbuyinghasveryhelpfulnewapplications,too.W:Well,Iguess...ifyouneeditforwork.M:Whataboutyou?Yourscan’tbeasefficientasitusedtobe.W:Whatareyoutalkingabout?M:Well,isn’tyourbatterydyingfasterthanbefore?Aren’tyourunningoutofstorage?W:Well,myphonedoesdiefasterthanitusedto.Butthereissomuchtolearnwhenyougetanewphone.IttookmealongtimetogetusedtotheoneIhavenow.M:Youstillshouldthinkaboutit.W:Idon’tusemineforwork.Iuseitmainlytotextorcallpeopleandtakephotosandplaysomegames.M:Youalsosearchonlineforthings,don’tyou?W:Well,yes.Butnewsmartphonesareexpensive.M:Let’slookatitthisway:anewsmartphoneoffersbetterprotection.W:Whatareyoutalkingabout?M:There’sbeenahugeincreaseinpeoplestealingdatafromphones.Anewphonecankeepallofourinformationsaferbecauseithasbettersecurity.W:Letmethinkaboutit.Questions:17.Whatkindofnewphonesdoesthemanintendtobuy?18.Whydoesn’tthewomanwanttogetanewphone?19.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthetwospeakers? 20.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.It’sOKNottoBeOKEverynowandthen,youareprobablytoldnottogiveupwhenthingsgetdifficult.Butatwhatpointcanwefeelthatit’sOKtogiveup?Sometimes,givingupcanbeathoughtfulandbravedecision.Ifyoufeellikeyouhavetheweightoftheworldonyourshouldersanditisholding___21___down,findawaytotakeabreak.___22___(remember)thatyoucanalwaysgiveupwhenyouhityourlimitandstartoverwhenyoufeelreadyagain.SimoneBiles,witha___23___(combine)totalof32OlympicandWorldChampionshipmedals,gotacaseofthe“twisties”attheOlympicsinTokyolastyear.Thismeansthatwhendoingflips(空翻)ortwists,theworld’sgreatestgymnasthadahardtimefiguringout___24___thegroundwas.So,shetoldtheworldshewasn’tgoingtocompete___25___sheknewherlimits.Ifshehadpushedherselfatallcosts,shemighthaveendedupwithalifelonginjury.Instead,sheknewwhen___26___(tell)peopleshewasn’tOK.Asafour-timeGrandSlamwinnerattheageof23,theJapanesetennisplayerNaomiOsaka___27___(drop)outofthe2021FrenchOpen.Sheannouncedthatsheneededabreak___28___thespotlighttoworkonhermentalhealth.InaTIMEmagazineinterviewbeforetheOlympics,shesaid,“Idohopethatpeople___29___relateandunderstandit’sOKtonotbeOK,andit’sOKtotalkaboutit.Therearepeople____30____experiencesareinspiring,andthereisusuallylightattheendofanytunnel.”【答案】21.you22.Remember23.combined24.where25.because##as26.totell27.dropped 28.from##off29.can30.whose【解析】【导语】本文是议论文。文章通过举例阐述了偶尔不好也是可以的。【21题详解】考查代词。句意：如果你觉得整个世界的重量都压在你的肩上，拖住了你，想办法休息一下。根据句意和前文的主语you可知，此处表示“拖住了你”，人称代词you主格和宾格一样。故填you。【22题详解】考查动词。句意：记住，当你达到极限时，你可以放弃，当你觉得准备好了时，你可以重新开始。分析句子可知，and连接两个祈使句，祈使句动词用原形，that引导宾语从句作remember的宾语，单词置句首首字母大写，故填Remember。【23题详解】考查形容词。句意：西蒙·拜尔斯(SimoneBiles)，总共获得了32枚奥运会和世锦赛奖牌，她在去年的东京奥运会上遭遇了“扭曲”。修饰名词total，用形容词combined，表示“总和的；总计的”，根据句意，故填combined。【24题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这意味着，这位世界上最伟大的体操运动员在做空翻或扭转时，很难找到地面的位置。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，作figureout的宾语，根据句意，此处用连接词where“……的地方”符合语境，故填where。【25题详解】考查状语从句。句意：所以，她告诉全世界，她将不比赛了，因为她知道自己的极限。根据句意，前后文是因果关系，故用because“因为”或者as“因为”引导原因状语从句，故填because/as。【26题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，她知道什么时候告诉别人她不可以。分析句子可知，此处用“疑问词+不定式”作动词knew的宾语，根据句意，故填totell。【27题详解】考查动词时态。句意：日本网球选手大阪直美在23岁时四次获得大满贯，但她退出了2021年的法国网球公开赛。根据句意和下文的“the2021FrenchOpen”可知，表示过去发生的事情 用一般过去时，drop是谓语动词，故填dropped。【28题详解】考查介词。句意：她宣布，她需要暂时离开聚光灯，专注于自己的心理健康。根据句意，breakfrom“突然离开”，breakoff“中断；暂停”都符合语境，故填from/off。【29题详解】考查情态动词。句意：在奥运会前接受《时代》杂志采访时，她说:“我真的希望人们能够理解，不可以也没关系，谈论它也没关系。有些人，他们的经历鼓舞人心，在隧道的尽头通常都有光明。”分析句子可知，that引导宾语从句，relate是从句谓语动词，结合句意，此处用情态动词can表示“可以；能够”，接动词原形构成谓语，故填can。【30题详解】考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰people，从句中作定语，用关系代词whose，故填whose。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.justifyB.trendC.theoryD.restrictedE.diversifyingF.obviouslyG.termedH.climateI.suddenlyJ.seekingK.evidentTheLipstickEffectIn2020,theworldwasplungedintoaneconomicdownturnastheCOVID-19pandemiccausedwidespreadclosurestobusinesses.Underthesecircumstances,millionsofpeople___31___foundthemselvesfacingfinancialinsecurity.Duringsuchtimesofeconomichardship,onemaynaturallyexpectthatconsumermarketswillseeadeclineinexpenditure,aspeopleeverywherefeel___32___tomakingonly“essential”purchases.However,acuriousphenomenonknownasthe“lipstickeffect”canoftenbeobserved.Thelipstickeffectreferstothephenomenonofconsumersspendingonsmallluxurygoodsevenwhenaneconomicdepressionoccurs.Thisphenomenonwas___33___the“lipstickeffect”in2001byLeonardLauder,chairmanofluxurycosmeticcompanyEstéeLauder.Hehadnotonlywitnessedthephenomenonatworkbutalsorealizedthatitwasespecially___34___inthecaseoflipstickandothercosmeticproducts. So,howexactlydoconsumerswhoareshortofcash___35___makingsuchpurchases?Firstandperhapsmost___36___,consumersmaysimplywishtogivethemselvestreatsnowandagaintoprovidedistractionsfromtheirfinancialinsecurity.Another___37___hastodowithlabourmarkets.Specifically,duringtheeconomicdepression,jobseekingtendstobecomemorecompetitive.Thus,people___38___employmentmayperceiveaneedtospendmoneyoncertainproductstoimprovetheirphysicalappearance.Byusingproductssuchaslipstick,theymayfeelmoreconfidentduringjobinterviews.Whateverthecausesofthelipstickeffect,thisphenomenonisnoshort-lived___39___.Duringtheglobaldepressionof2007-2009,salesofcosmeticintheUnitedStatesincreasedbyaround5%.Basedonsuchdata,itseemsthateveninthecurrentinsecureeconomic___40___,theluxurycosmeticsindustryisonethatwillbestickingaround.【答案】31.I32.D33.G34.K35.A36.F37.C38.J39.B40.H【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是口红效应。【31题详解】考查副词。句意：在这种情况下，数百万人突然发现自己面临经济不安全感。由上文“theCOVID-19pandemiccausedwidespreadclosurestobusinesses”可知，此处表示“数百万人突然发现自己面临经济不安全感”，空格处意为“突然”，是suddenly。故选I。【32题详解】考查形容词。句意：在这样的经济困难时期，人们自然会认为消费市场的支出将会下降，因为各地的人们都感到受到限制，只能购买“必要的”物品。由下文“makingonly“essential”purchases”可知，各地的人们都感到受到限制，只能购买“必要的”物品，空格处意为“受限制的”，用形容词作表语，是restricted，故选D。【33题详解】考查被动语态。句意：2001年，奢侈化妆品公司EstéeLauder董事长LeonardLauder将这种现象称为“口红效应”。由下文“the“lipstickeffect””可知，奢侈化妆品公司EstéeLauder董事 长LeonardLauder将这种现象称为“口红效应”，空格处意为“把……称为”，是term，这种现象是被称为“口红效应”，用被动语态，空格前有was，空格处用过去分词。故选G。【34题详解】考查形容词。句意：他不仅在工作中目睹了这种现象，而且还意识到这种现象在口红和其他化妆品中尤其明显。由上文“consumersspendingonsmallluxurygoods”可知，这种现象在口红和其他化妆品中尤其明显，空格处意为“明显的”，用形容词evident作表语。故选K。【35题详解】考查动词时态。句意：那么，缺乏现金的消费者究竟如何证明他们的购买行为是合理的呢？由下文“consumersmaysimplywishtogivethemselvestreatsnowandagaintoprovidedistractionsfromtheirfinancialinsecurity”可知，句子表示“缺乏现金的消费者究竟如何证明他们的购买行为是合理的呢”，空格处意为“证明……合理”，是justify，句子是特殊疑问句，空前有howexactlydo，因此空格处用原形。故选A。【36题详解】考查副词。句意：首先，也许也是最明显的，消费者可能只是想时不时地犒劳一下自己，让自己从财务上的不安全感中转移注意力。由下文“consumersmaysimplywishtogivethemselvestreatsnowandagaintoprovidedistractionsfromtheirfinancialinsecurity”可知，句子表示“也许也是最明显的，消费者可能只是想时不时地犒劳一下自己，让自己从财务上的不安全感中转移注意力”，空格处意为“明显地”，用副词作状语，修饰后面的句子，是obviously。故选F。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：另一种理论与劳动力市场有关。由下文“Specifically,duringtheeconomicdepression,jobseekingtendstobecomemorecompetitive.Thus,people___8___employmentmayperceiveaneedtospendmoneyoncertainproductstoimprovetheirphysicalappearance.Byusingproductssuchaslipstick,theymayfeelmoreconfidentduringjobinterviews.”可知，此处指的是“另一种理论与劳动力市场有关”，空格处意为“理论”，是theory。全科免费下载公众号《高中僧课堂》故选C。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，找工作的人可能会觉得有必要花钱购买某些产品来改善他们的外貌。由下文“theymayfeelmoreconfidentduringjobinterviews”可知，找工作的人可能会觉得有必要花钱购买某些产品来改善他们的外貌，空格处意为“寻找”，是seek，句中谓语是mayperceive，空格处用非谓语动词，people和seek 之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作后置定语。故选J。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：无论口红效应的原因是什么，这种现象都不会昙花一现。由下文“theluxurycosmeticsindustryisonethatwillbestickingaround”可知，这种现象都不会昙花一现，这将成为一种趋势，空格处意为“趋势”，是trend。故选B。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：根据这些数据，即使在目前不稳定的经济气候下，奢侈品化妆品行业似乎也会继续存在。由第一段的“theCOVID-19pandemiccausedwidespreadclosurestobusinesses”可知，句子表示“即使在目前不稳定的经济气候下，奢侈品化妆品行业似乎也会继续存在”，空格处意为“环境，气候”，是climate。故选H。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thehumanmemoryisphenomenallystrong.Italsohasahabitofgettingthingsbadlywrong.AccordingtoJonathanHancock,ourmemoryexpert,faultymemoriescanbe___41___revealing.Justlastweek,___42___,mywifeandIwerediscussinghowwe’dchosenouryoungestson’sname.Ihada___43___memoryofuswritingoutalistofpossiblenames,butstoppingafterjustafewbecausewe’dspottedonewebothloved.Mywife___44___.Inhermemory,we’dhadamuchlongerlist,andgonebackandchosenonefromthemiddleofthelist.Sowedugoutthepieceofpaperwe’dused-andfoundthatwe’dactuallydonesomethingcompletely___45___tochooseNate’snameMemorymistakeshappenonalargerscale,too.The“MandelaEffect”iswhenlotsofpeoplehaveconfidentrecollectionsthatturnouttobe___46___.ItwasnamedbyresearcherswhowerediscussingtheirstrongmemoriesofNelsonMandela’sdeathinprison-whenheactuallylivedfor23yearsafterhis___47___.Thereareplentyofotherexamplesofthisphenomenon.Ifyou’resurethatyourememberseeing theMonopolyManwearingaspyglass,forinstance,orhearingawickedqueensay“Mirror,mirroronthewall,”you’ve___48___ityourself(hedoesn’t,andshesays,“Magicmirroronthewall”___49___).Sowhat’sgoingon?Well,forstarters,memoryoftenworksby___50___,andsimilarbitsofinformationcanoverlapinourbrains.We’realsogoodat“fillingintheblanks”withdetailsthatarelogicalbutuntrue.What’smore,wheneverwerunthroughamemory,wemakeitstronger—___51___anybitsthatwerewrong.Butthere’splentyofgoodnewshere,too.Everyonemisremembers.Weshouldn’tbetoohardonourselveswhenwemakemistakes.Thementalassociationsthatsometimesleadto___52___canalsohelpustofindinformationotherwisedifficulttolocate.Ifyou’re___53___withsomeone’sname,trythinkingofthingsyouassociatewiththem,andseeifyourbraingetsthepushitneeds.Discussingyourmemoriesisgreatmentalexercise.Ithighlightsstrengthsandweaknesses,andletsyoulearntipsfromothers.___54___memoriesoftenbuildsamuchmoreaccuratepicture.Thatwascertainlytrueformywifeandme.Makesuretorememberthatrememberingisacreative___55___:mind-blowinglypowerful,andalsolikelytomakemistakes.41.A.subsequentlyB.extremelyC.rarelyD.instantly42A.onthecontraryB.forexampleC.inadditionD.bytheway43.A.faintB.smartC.painfulD.vivid44.A.inferredB.hesitatedC.confirmedD.disagreed45.A.differentB.subjectiveC.primitiveD.contradictory46.A.wrongB.consistentC.substantialD.right47.A.rejectionB.releaseC.imprisonmentD.movement48.A.experiencedB.witnessedC.anticipatedD.spread49.A.thoughB.finallyC.insteadD.otherwise 50.A.conservationB.separationC.facilitationD.association51.A.excludingB.regardingC.includingD.considering52.A.errorsB.trialsC.factsD.data53.A.competingB.strugglingC.correspondingD.exchanging54.A.AttainingB.BoostingC.PerceivingD.Comparing55.A.componentB.phaseC.outcomeD.process【答案】41.B42.B43.D44.D45.A46.A47.B48.A49.C50.D51.C52.A53.B54.D55.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了记忆错误发生的普遍性，并分析了这一现象产生的原因及应对措施。【41题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：根据我们的记忆专家JonathanHancock的说法，错误的记忆是非常有启发性的。A.subsequently后来；B.extremely非常；C.rarely很少；D.instantly立刻。根据下文“Thementalassociationsthatsometimesleadto___12___canalsohelpustofindinformationotherwisedifficulttolocate”可知，错误的记忆是非常有启发性的。故选B。【42题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，就在上周，我和妻子还在讨论如何给小儿子取名字。A.onthecontrary相反；B.forexample例如；C.inaddition另外；D.bytheway顺便说一下。根据下文“mywifeandIwerediscussinghowwe’dchosenouryoungestson’sname”可知，此处是作者已自己的经历为例，空格处意为“例如”。故选B。【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我清楚地记得，我们列出了一个可能的名字的清单，但只写了几个就停了下来，因为我们发现了一个我们都喜欢的名字。A.faint模糊的；B.smart聪明的；C.painful痛苦的；D.vivid生动的，逼真的。根据下文“Sowedugoutthepieceofpaperwe’dused”可知，作者清楚地记得，曾经列出了一个可能的名字的清单，因此这段记忆是很生动逼真的。故选D。 【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我妻子不同意。A.inferred推断；B.hesitated犹豫；C.confirmed确认；D.disagreed不同意。根据下文“we’dhadamuchlongerlist,andgonebackandchosenonefromthemiddleofthelist”可知，作者的妻子觉得当时列的清单更长，因此此处表示“妻子不同意”。故选D。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：于是，我们拿出了之前用过的那张纸，发现我们为了给内特取名字所做的事情其实完全不同。A.different不同的；B.subjective主观的；C.primitive原始的；D.contradictory相互矛盾的。根据上文“stoppingafterjustafew”和“we’dhadamuchlongerlist”可知，作者发现他们为了给内特取名字所做的事情其实完全不同，故选A。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“曼德拉效应”指的是很多人自信满满的回忆最终被证明是错误的。A.wrong错误的；B.consistent一致的；C.substantial大量的；D.right正确的。根据上文“Memorymistakeshappenonalargerscale”可知，句子表示“曼德拉效应指的是很多人自信满满的回忆最终被证明是错误的”。故选A。【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个名字是由研究人员命名的，当时他们正在讨论对纳尔逊·曼德拉在狱中死亡的强烈记忆——实际上，曼德拉在获释后还活了23年。A.rejection拒绝；B.release释放；C.imprisonment监禁；D.movement活动。根据上文“heactuallylivedfor23yearsafter”可知，曼德拉在获释后还活了23年。故选B。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果你确信你记得看到大富翁男人戴着望远镜，或者听到邪恶的女王说“镜子，墙上的镜子”，那么你自己也经历过（他没有，她反而说的是“墙上的魔镜”）。A.experienced经历；B.witnessed目击；C.anticipated预期；D.spread传播。根据上文“you’resurethatyourememberseeingtheMonopolyManwearingaspyglass,forinstance,orhearingawickedqueensay“Mirror,mirroronthewall,””可知，此处表示“你自己也经历过这”。故选A。【49题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果你确信你记得看到大富翁男人戴着望远镜，或者听到邪恶的女王说“镜子，墙上的镜子”，那么你自己也经历过（他没有，她反而说的是 “墙上的魔镜”）。A.though虽然；B.finally最后；C.instead反而；D.otherwise否则。根据上文“Mirror,mirroronthewall”和“Magicmirroronthewall”可知，此处表示她说的不是“Mirror,mirroronthewall”，而是“Magicmirroronthewall”，空格处是“反而”。故选C。【50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，记忆通常是通过联想起作用的，相似的信息可以在我们的大脑中重叠。A.conservation保存；B.separation分离；C.facilitation促进；D.association联想。根据第12空前的“Thementalassociations”可知，此处表示“记忆通常是通过联想起作用的”。故选D。【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，每当我们浏览一段记忆时，我们都会让它变得更强大——包括任何错误的部分。A.excluding把……排除在外；B.regarding认为；C.including包括；D.considering考虑。根据上文“We’realsogoodat“fillingintheblanks”withdetailsthatarelogicalbutuntrue”可知，我们会把任何错误的部分包括进记忆中。故选C。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时导致错误的心理联想也可以帮助我们找到难以定位的信息。A.errors错误；B.trials试验；C.facts事实；D.data数据。根据上文“We’realsogoodat“fillingintheblanks”withdetailsthatarelogicalbutuntrue”和“__11___anybitsthatwerewrong”可知，句子表示“有时导致错误的心理联想也可以帮助我们找到难以定位的信息”。故选A。【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你努力地想记起某个人的名字，试着想想与他们有关的事物，看看你的大脑是否得到了所需的推动。A.competing竞争；B.struggling努力；C.corresponding通信；D.exchanging交换。根据下文“trythinkingofthingsyouassociatewiththem,andseeifyourbraingetsthepushitneeds”可知，此处表示“如果你努力地想记起某个人的名字，试着想想与他们有关的事物，看看你的大脑是否得到了所需的推动”。故选B。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：比较记忆往往能构建出更准确的画面。A.Attaining获得；B.Boosting促进；C.Perceiving理解；D.Comparing比较。根据上文“Discussingyourmemoriesisgreatmentalexercise.Ithighlightsstrengthsandweaknesses,andletsyoulearntipsfromothers”和下文“Thatwascertainlytrueformywifeandme”及前文描述的作者和妻子有不同的记忆可知，此处表示“比较记忆往往能构建出更准确的画面”。故选D。 【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一定要记住，记忆是一个创造性的过程：惊人的强大，也可能犯错误。A.component成分；B.phase阶段；C.outcome结果；D.process过程。根据上文“rememberingisacreative”和下文“mind-blowinglypowerful,andalsolikelytomakemistakes”可知，此处表示“记忆是一个创造性的过程”。故选D。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Arare765-year-oldgoldcoinfoundonfarmlandinDevoninsouth-westEnglandisexpectedtosellforuptohalfamillionpoundsatauction.Itisbelievedthatthecoinwasmademorethan750yearsago,duringtheruleoftheEnglishKingHenryIII.Itisoneofonlyeightknowntoexist.FeaturingapictureofKingHenryIIIononesideandacrossandrosesontheother,thecoinisaround2.5centimetresacross.ItwasmadewithgoldthatcamefromnorthAfrica.ItwasfoundinSeptemberlastyearbyadetectorist(someonewholooksforitemsburiedundergroundusingametaldetector)inHemyockvillage.Thedetectoristhadnoideahowrarethecoinwasuntilhepostedaphotoofitonsocialmedia,whereitwasspottedbyahistoryexpert.Thefinder,whodoesn’twanttobenamed,wastoldtotakethecointotheBritishMuseum,whereitwasconfirmedthatthecoinwasveryrare.Accordingtothelaw,thefinderisallowedtokeepitbecauseit’sasinglecoinandnotpartofabiggerhaulbuthehasdecidedtosellit.HetoldtheBBC,“Thecoinwasfoundinanunappealingfieldandcouldquiteeasilyhaveneverbeenrecovered.Nowitisprotectedforfuturegenerationstoenjoy.”ThecoinisespeciallyvaluablebecauseitwasoneofEngland’sfirstgoldcoins.Thecountry’scoinsweremadeofsilveruntilKingHenryIII,whoruledfrom1216untilhisdeathin1272,introducedgoldoneswithhispictureonthem.ProfessorDavidCarpenteratKing’sCollegeLondonhastracedthecoinbacktoamancalled JohndeHidon,whowasthelordofHemyockManor.Carpenterthinksthecoinmayhavefallenoutofsomeone’spocket—eitherdeHidonhimselforoneofhisstaff.56.Thecorrectorderoftheeventsthathappenedis.①Thevalueofthecoinwasconfirmed.②Acoinwasunearthedinthefield.③ThecoinwasondisplayattheBritishMuseum.④Thecoinwasintendedforsale.⑤Thecoincaughttheattentionofahistoryexpert.A.①③②④B.②⑤①④C.②①⑤④③D.④②①③⑤57.Whichofthefollowingaspectsismentionedaboutthecoin?A.Itsexhibition.B.Itssignificance.C.Itspreservation.D.Itsdistribution.58.Theunderlinedword“haul”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans.A.stolenorillegalthingsB.importedgoodsC.patentedculturalitemsD.hiddenmineralresources59.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthenewsstory?A.HowtoDiscoverHiddenTreasureB.ACoinSoldforMillionsC.HistoryMiraculouslyRepeatsItselfD.TreasureHunterStrikesGold【答案】56.B57.B58.A59.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了在英格兰西南部德文郡的农田里发现的一枚有765年历史的罕见金币，预计将在拍卖会上以50万英镑的价格售出。该金币是英国最早的金币之一，极具价值。因为这个金币不是偷来的或者违法的东西，发现者可以拥有他。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Arare765-year-oldgoldcoinfoundonfarmlandinDevoninsouth-westEnglandisexpectedtosellforuptohalfamillionpoundsatauction.(在英格兰西南部德文郡的农田里发现的一枚有765年历史的罕见金币，预计将在拍卖会上以50万英镑的价格售出。)”；第二段中“Thedetectoristhadnoideahowrarethecoinwasuntilhepostedaphotoofitonsocialmedia,whereitwasspottedbyahistoryexpert.( 这位侦探不知道这枚硬币有多罕见，直到他在社交媒体上发布了一张它的照片，被一位历史专家发现。)”以及倒数第二段中“ThecoinisespeciallyvaluablebecauseitwasoneofEngland’sfirstgoldcoins.(这枚硬币特别珍贵，因为它是英国最早的金币之一。)”可知，正确顺序为该金币被发现，侦探将该硬币的图片放到网上，受到历史学家的关注，历史学家确认了该枚硬币的价值，它是英国最早的金币之一，该没金币当前将在拍卖会上以50万英镑的价格售出。。故选B。【57题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“ThecoinisespeciallyvaluablebecauseitwasoneofEngland’sfirstgoldcoins.Thecountry’scoinsweremadeofsilveruntilKingHenryIII,whoruledfrom1216untilhisdeathin1272,introducedgoldoneswithhispictureonthem.(这枚硬币特别珍贵，因为它是英国最早的金币之一。在亨利三世(1216年在位，1272年去世)推出印有自己头像的金制硬币之前，该国的硬币一直是银制的。)”可知，文章强调了该金币的重要性。故选B。【58题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“Accordingtothelaw,thefinderisallowedtokeepit(根据法律，发现者可以保留它。)”以及后文的because可知，此处解释了发现者可以个人保留该金币的原因，由此推断，因为这个金币不是偷来的或者违法的东西，由此才可以被发现者保留。故选A。【59题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要讲述了在英格兰西南部德文郡的农田里发现的一枚有765年历史的罕见金币，预计将在拍卖会上以50万英镑的价格售出。该金币是英国最早的金币之一，极具价值。因为这个金币不是偷来的或者违法的东西，发现者可以拥有他。故D选项“TreasureHunterStrikesGold(寻宝猎人获得金币)”能概括文章主题。故选D。(B) 60.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheMedicalResearchFoundation?A.ItisaUK-basedmedicalcenterforrarediseases.B.Itisbreakinggroundintacklingantimicrobialresistance.C.Itisfamousfortrainingnextgenerationsofscientists.D.ItisasectionoftheMedicalResearchCouncil. 61.IfJennywouldliketobekeptinformedoftheworkoftheMedicalResearchFoundationviaemail,sheshould________.A.fillintheformatthebottomB.scantheQRcodeontherightC.clicktheprovidedwebsitelinkD.sendanemailtothefoundation62.Thewholepageisdevotedto________.A.advocatingonecharitableagencyB.introducingsomebrilliantscientistsC.launchinganappealfordonationsD.raisingawarenessofglobalhealthchallenges【答案】60.D61.A62.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，以广告的形式说明了遗嘱中的礼物可能是保护人类健康未来的关键。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据文章上半部分的“AsChairoftheMedicalResearchFoundation-thecharitablearmoftheMedicalResearchCouncil(作为医学研究基金会——医学研究理事会的慈善机构的主席)”可知，医学研究基金会是医学研究委员会的一个部门。故选D。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据文章下半部分的“TorequestyourfreeguidetogiftsinWillsfillinthisformandreturntoFreepost,MEDICALRESEARCHFOUNDATION(如欲索取免费的遗嘱赠礼指南，请填写此表格并寄回医学研究基金会)”可知，如果珍妮想通过电子邮件了解医学研究基金会的工作，她应该填写下面的表格。故选A。【62题详解】推理判断题。根据正文部分最后一段的“AgiftinyourWilltotheMedicalResearchFoundationisanexcellentinvestmentandwillhavealastingimpactonscienceandonthefutureofhumanhealthintheUK.(在你的遗嘱中给医学研究基金会的一份礼物是一项极好的投资，将对英国的科学和人类健康的未来产生持久的影响。)”和“GetyourfreeguidetosupportingresearchinyourWill.(在遗嘱中获得支持研究的免费指南)”可知，这整篇文章是致力于发起捐款呼吁的，故选 C。(C)Childrenoftenlearnnewlanguagesmoreeasilythanadultsdo,butit’sunclearwhy.Sometheorizethatgraspingalanguagerequiresabsorbingsubtlepatternsunconsciouslyandthatadults’superiorconsciousreasoningistoblame.Newresearchsuggeststhat,indeed,grown-upsmightjustbetoosmartfortheirowngood.ForarecentstudyintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology:General,agroupofBelgianadultsatthesametimereadandheardstringsoffourmade-upwords(suchas“kiengniefsiethiem”).Specificconsonants(辅音)alwaysappearedatthebeginningorendofawordifthewordcontainedacertainvowel(元音).Participantsnextreadthesequencesaloudquickly.Theirabilitytoavoidmistakesdoingsoindicatedhowwelltheyabsorbedtheconsonant-vowelpatterns.Butbeforeexposuretothenewwords,theparticipantshadcarriedoutaseparatetest:pressingkeystoreacttolettersandnumbers.Somegotamuchfaster,morementallydrainingversionofthistest.Thosewhodidthedifficultversionclaimedgreatermentalexhaustionafterward-butperformedbetteronthefollowinglanguagetask.Theresearchersassumethattiredlearnersusedlessconsciousanalysisonthewordrules:theywerefreetolearnlikeachild.ForarelatedpaperintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSA,theresearchteamhadEnglish-speakingadultslistentostreamsofsyllables(音节)secretlygroupedintothree-syllable“words.”Later,theyplayedpairsofthree-syllableunits;onewordinthepaircamefromthestream,andonewasanewcombination.Theparticipantsguessedwhichwordwasfamiliar,thenratedtheirconfidence.Inoneparticipantgroup,somehadfirstdonetheoriginalmentallydrainingtest.Inanother,somehadreceivedmagneticpulsestointerruptactivityinabrainareathatpreviousresearchhaslinkedtoexecutivecontrol.Inbothgroups,thesemeasuresimprovedparticipants’performanceonthesyllabletaskwhentheywereunsureabouttheiranswers,indicatingunconsciousanalysisofspeech.NeuroscientistMichaelUllman,whowasnotinvolvedineitherpaper,likesthatboththestudiesaddedtomentalburdendifferentlyandmeasureddifferentskills.That’sreallygoodinsciencebecauseyou’vegotevidencespointingtothesamedirection,”hesays,addingthathewouldliketoseehigherlanguageskillssuchasgrammarstudiedthisway. 63.ThereasonwhysomeBelgiansweregivenamoredifficulttestbeforethelanguagetaskwasthat.A.theywouldhavenotimetopreparefortheupcomingtaskB.theywouldbetootiredmentallytoconsciouslyanalyzetherulesC.theycouldhavesomethingtorefertointhefollowingtaskD.theymightcomparethedifficultylevelofthetwotasks64.Howdidtheparticipantswhohadreceivedmagneticpulsesdointhesyllabletask,comparedwiththosewhohadn’t?A.Theyreliedmoreuponconsciousanalysis.B.Theyidentifiedmorefamiliarcombinations.C.Theyperformedthetasklessconfidently.D.Theywerelessabletocontrolemotions.65.WhatcanbeinferredfromMichaelUllman’sremark?A.Theresearchresultisnotsoliduntilgrammarisincluded.B.Subconsciousmindremainstobeexploredinscience.C.TheoutcomesofthetworesearchesbackeachotherupD.Moreevidenceisneededtobacktheclaimofthetwopapers.66.Whichofthefollowingconclusionswilltheresearchteamagreewith?A.Humanbrainprocesseslanguagesinmultipleways.B.Consciousanalysisisthekeytomasteringalanguage.C.Increasingmentalhealthimprovesone’slanguage.D.Reducingreasoningmayhelptolearnalanguage.【答案】63.B64.B65.C66.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是两项成年人学习语言的研究。【63题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段的“Thosewhodidthedifficultversionclaimedgreatermentalexhaustionafterward-butperformedbetteronthefollowinglanguagetask.Theresearchersassumethattiredlearnersusedlessconsciousanalysisonthewordrules:theywerefreetolearnlikeachild.(那些做了困难版本的人在之后表示更大的精神疲惫，但在接下来的语言任务中表现得更 好。研究人员认为，疲惫的学习者对单词规则的有意识分析较少：他们像孩子一样自由地学习)”可知，一些比利时人在语言测试之前被安排了一个更难的测试，原因是他们会在精神上太累而无法有意识地分析规则。故选B。【64题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Theparticipantsguessedwhichwordwasfamiliar,thenratedtheirconfidence.(参与者猜测哪个词是他们熟悉的，然后评估他们的信心)”和最后一段的“Inbothgroups,thesemeasuresimprovedparticipants’performanceonthesyllabletaskwhentheywereunsureabouttheiranswers,indicatingunconsciousanalysisofspeech.(在两组中，当参与者对自己的答案不确定时，这些测试都提高了他们在音节测试中的表现，这表明他们对语音进行了无意识的分析)”可知，与没有接受磁脉冲的参与者相比，接受磁脉冲的参与者在音节任务中发现了更熟悉的组合。故选B。【65题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“That’sreallygoodinsciencebecauseyou’vegotevidencespointingtothesamedirection(这在科学上真的很好，因为你有证据指向同一个方向)”可知，从MichaelUllman的话中可以推断出这两项研究的结果相互印证。故选C。【66题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Childrenoftenlearnnewlanguagesmoreeasilythanadultsdo,butit’sunclearwhy.Sometheorizethatgraspingalanguagerequiresabsorbingsubtlepatternsunconsciouslyandthatadults’superiorconsciousreasoningistoblame.Newresearchsuggeststhat,indeed,grown-upsmightjustbetoosmartfortheirowngood.(儿童学习新语言通常比成年人更容易，但原因尚不清楚。一些理论认为，掌握一门语言需要无意识地吸收微妙的模式，成年人学新语言不容易该怪成年人超强的有意识推理能力。一项新的研究表明，事实上，成年人可能太聪明了，这对他们自己没有好处)”可知，研究团队会同意的理论是减少推理可能有助于学习一门语言。故选D。SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.TouchingEmoji(表情符号)DistancingamidtheCOVID-19pandemichasmadebothphysicalandsocialconnectionsatouch moredifficulttomaintain.ForStanfordUniversitygraduatestudentMillieSalvato,beingapartfromhermotherontheoppositecoasthasprovedchallenging.____67____Inanewstudy,sheandhercolleaguesdemonstratedawearablesleevethatcansimulate(模拟)humantouchandconveyabstractsocialmessagessentelectronically.Salvatoandherteammeasuredhow37participantsexpressedsocialinformationindifferentsituations.Ineachtest,onepersonworeapressure-sensingdeviceonanarm,andanothertouchedittorespondtosituationsinvolvingsixintendedmeanings:attentionseeking,gratitude,happiness,calming,loveandsadnessAftercollecting661touchmovements-squeezes,strokes,shakes,pokes,andthelike-Salvatoandhercolleaguesmappedthelocationandpressureofeach.____68____Finally,theyprogrammedawearablesleevetosimulatethesemovementsusingeightembeddeddisksthatshakewhenelectronicallysignaled.“Itdoesn’tfeellikeanactualhumanhand...butitdoesn’tfeelliketheseseparatemotionseither,”Salvatosays,asonemightexpectfromlargemovingdisks.“Itfeelsnice,honestly.”____69____Forcomparison,apreviousstudyfromGerling’slaboratoryfoundparticipantscouldmatchsituationsfortouchesfromrealhumanhands57percentofthetime.Inthenewstudy,“Ithinkit’sinterestingthatparticipantscanreliablyunderstandwhattouchhasbeendeliveredtothemataprettyhighrate,giventhescarceamountofinformationthattheyhaveavailabletothem,”Gerlingsays.Previousresearchhasfoundthatsocialtouchisimportantforphysicalandmentalhealth.____70____A.Onecan’thelpbutwonderwhennewtechwillconveyemotionthroughavirtualtouch.B.Evenwithnotraining,30newstudyparticipantscorrectlymatchedthesimulatedtouchestothesixsituations45percentofthetime.C.Sometimesatextorvideocallisnotenough,andpeopleinSalvato’ssituationoftenlongforawaytosendalovingtouchorcomfortingsqueezefromafar.D.Inthefuture,insteadofjustsendinga<3toalovedonebyphoneorcomputer,addinga“touchemoji”mighthelpusfeeljustalittlebitcloser.E.Next,theyusedamachine-learningsoftwaretoselectthemovementsthatweremostreliablypartofeachresponse.F.“It’sauniqueworkthatlooksathowoursocialtouchisdeliveredandthen...howtoreproduceit,” saysGerling,atouchresearchernotinvolvedinthestudy.【答案】67.C68.E69.B70.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。本文讲述了斯坦福大学的研究生米莉·萨尔瓦托以及同事研发的“触摸表情符号”。【67题详解】上文“ForStanfordUniversitygraduatestudentMillieSalvato,beingapartfromhermotherontheoppositecoasthasprovedchallenging.(对于斯坦福大学的研究生米莉·萨尔瓦托来说，与远在大洋彼岸的母亲分开对她来说是一种挑战。)”提到MillieSalvato与远在大洋彼岸的母亲分开让她感觉很不好，下文“Inanewstudy,sheandhercolleaguesdemonstratedawearablesleevethatcansimulate(模拟)humantouchandconveyabstractsocialmessagessentelectronically.Salvatoandherteammeasuredhow37participantsexpressedsocialinformationindifferentsituations.(在一项新的研究中，她和她的同事们展示了一种可穿戴的袖子，它可以模拟人类的触觉，并通过电子方式传递抽象的社会信息。Salvato和她的团队测量了37名参与者在不同情况下表达社会信息的方式。)”提到了一种可以模拟人类触觉的可佩戴式袖子，因此推断C项“有时短信或视频电话是不够的，像塞尔瓦托这样的人常常渴望能从远处传递出爱的触摸或安慰的拥抱。”符合语境，承接上文说明塞尔瓦托想念母亲，渴望获得母亲的爱的触摸和安慰的拥抱，引出下文对模拟人类触觉的可佩戴式袖子的介绍。故选C。【68题详解】上文“Aftercollecting661touchmovements-squeezes,strokes,shakes,pokes,andthelike-Salvatoandhercolleaguesmappedthelocationandpressureofeach.(萨尔瓦托和她的同事们在收集了661种触摸动作——挤压、抚摸、摇晃、戳戳等等——之后，绘制了每种动作的位置和压力。)”讲述了研发过程，收集动作，绘制动作的位置和压力，下文“Finally,theyprogrammedawearablesleevetosimulatethesemovementsusingeightembeddeddisksthatshakewhenelectronicallysignaled.(最后，他们设计了一个可佩戴的袖子，用八个嵌入的磁盘模拟这些运动，当电子信号发出时，这些磁盘就会抖动。)”讲述研发最终的结果，因此推断空处也是讲述研发过程，因此推断E项“接下来，他们使用机器学习软件来选择每个反应中最可靠的动作。”next呼应下文的finally，故选E。【69题详解】下文“Forcomparison,apreviousstudyfromGerling’slaboratoryfoundparticipantscouldmatch situationsfortouchesfromrealhumanhands57percentofthetime.(相比之下，格林实验室之前的一项研究发现，参与者在57%的情况下能够匹配真人手的触摸。)”中的“Forcomparison”说明空格处与下文进行对比，说明参与者的匹配情况，因此推断B项“即使没有经过训练，30名新研究参与者在45%的时间也会将模拟触摸与六种情况正确匹配。”符合语境。故选B。【70题详解】上文“Previousresearchhasfoundthatsocialtouchisimportantforphysicalandmentalhealth.(之前的研究发现，社交接触对身心健康都很重要。)”说明接触对身心健康很重要，因此推断D项“在未来，与其通过手机或电脑向爱人发送<3，不如添加一个“触摸表情符号”可能会让我们感觉更近一点。”符合语境，说明既然社交触摸对身心健康有好处，那么添加触摸表情符号应该更好。故选D。IV.SummaryWriting71.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ShouldHandFeedingDolphinsBeEncouraged?SometouristcenterstrainIndo-Pacificbottlenosedolphinstoapproachbeachsidepublicsightingareasorboatsbyhand-feedingthemsmallamountsoffisheveryday.Becausehand-fedmalesaggressivelyattackeachotheroverthefood,puttingthemselvesandnearbyhumansindanger,touristcentersfocustheirhandfeedingonlyonfemaledolphins,saysValerieSenigagliaatMurdochUniversityinPerth,AustraliaButrecentstudieshaveshownthatonly38%ofthecalves(崽)ofhand-fedwilddolphinssurvivetothreeyearsofage,whichismuchlowerthantheaverage77%survivalrateforwildcalvesingeneral.Tobetterunderstandwhy,SenigagliaandhercolleaguesevaluatedthesocialbehaviorofdolphinsaroundtheBunburycoastinWesternAustralia.Inparticular,theyobservedtheindividualbehaviorandmovementof35dolphins,including13thathadbeenhand-fedusingasmallboat.Theyregularlyfollowedeachdolphinforperiodslastingfrom20minutesto3hoursfortwoyearsinarowforatotalof180hours.Theyfoundthathand-feddolphinsswaminrelativelylargegroups,butmorereadilybrokeawayfromthemtojoindifferentones.Ingeneral,theycreatedweaktieswithothergroupmembers.“Youcanfeellonelyinaroomfullofpeopleandit’sthesamethingfordolphins,”saysSenigaglia.Free-swimmingdolphinsthatarefedbyhandbecomelesssociallyinvolvedwiththeirpeers.Asa result,theircalvesmaygrowuplackingvitalsocialskills-whichcouldexplain,atleastinpart,whytheyaretwiceaslikelytodiebeforereachingadulthoodaswildcalvesgenerally.Nowonderanimalrightactivistsarecallingonthepracticeofhand-feedingdolphinstobestopped.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】ReferenceHand-feedingdolphinsispractisedatsometouristcenters.However,studieshavefounditleadstogreaterriskoftheircalves’prematuredeath.Byfollowingthedolphins’behaviorfortwoyears,researchersconcludeditwasbecausehand-feedingmadedolphinshaveweakersocialties,causingtheircalvestolacksocialskills.Therefore,animalactivistsareappealingforabanonthepractice.(60)Dolphinsarehand-fedinsometouristcenters,However,studiesshowthesurvivalrateofhand-feddolphins’calvesishalfthatofwilddolphins’calves.Byobservingtheirsocialbehaviors,researchersfindhand-feddolphins’weaksocialtiesleadtotheircalves’lackofsocialskills,whichpartlyexplaintheirgreaterpossibilityofdeath.Therefore,handfeedingdolphinsshouldbediscouraged.(60words)【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论是否应该人工喂养海豚的问题。研究发现，人工喂养增加小海豚过早死亡的风险。通过对海豚的行为进行两年的跟踪，研究人员得出结论，这是因为人工喂养使海豚的社会关系变弱，导致它们的幼崽缺乏社交技能。因此，动物保护主义者呼吁禁止这种做法。【详解】1.要点摘录①SometouristcenterstrainIndo-Pacificbottlenosedolphinstoapproachbeachsidepublicsightingareasorboatsbyhand-feedingthemsmallamountsoffisheveryday.②Butrecentstudieshaveshownthatonly38%ofthecalves(崽)ofhand-fedwilddolphinssurviveto threeyearsofage,whichismuchlowerthantheaverage77%survivalrateforwildcalvesingeneral.③Inparticular,theyobservedtheindividualbehaviorandmovementof35dolphins,including13thathadbeenhand-fedusingasmallboat.Theyregularlyfollowedeachdolphinforperiodslastingfrom20minutesto3hoursfortwoyearsinarowforatotalof180hours.④Asaresult,theircalvesmaygrowuplackingvitalsocialskills-whichcouldexplain,atleastinpart,whytheyaretwiceaslikelytodiebeforereachingadulthoodaswildcalvesgenerally.⑤Nowonderanimalrightactivistsarecallingonthepracticeofhand-feedingdolphinstobestopped.2.缜密构思将第1、2、5三个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Hand-feedingdolphinsispractisedatsometouristcenters.However,studieshavefounditleadstogreaterriskoftheircalves’prematuredeath.Byfollowingthedolphins’behaviorfortwoyears,researchersconcludeditwasbecausehand-feedingmadedolphinshaveweakersocialties,causingtheircalvestolacksocialskills.Animalactivistsareappealingforabanonthepractice.【点睛】[高分句型1]However,studieshavefounditleadstogreaterriskoftheircalves’prematuredeath.（运用了省略了that的宾语从句）[高分句型2]：Byfollowingthedolphins’behaviorfortwoyears,researchersconcludeditwasbecausehand-feedingmadedolphinshaveweakersocialties,causingtheircalvestolacksocialskills.（运用了动名词作宾语，省略了that的宾语从句，because引导的表语从句，现在分词作状语）V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.项目化学习旨在培养学生解决实际问题的能力。(mean)(汉译英)【答案】Theproject-basedlearningismeanttodevelopstudents’abilitytosolvepracticalproblems.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。“项目化学习”是theproject-basedlearning，“旨在做某事”是bemeanttodo，“培养学生解决实际问题的能力”翻译为developstudents’abilitytosolvepracticalproblems，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语theproject-basedlearning是不可数名词，其后be动词用is，因此整句话翻译为“Theproject-basedlearningismeanttodevelopstudents’abilitytosolvepracticalproblems”。故答案为Theproject-based learningismeanttodevelopstudents’abilitytosolvepracticalproblems.73.有被讨厌的勇气是活得淋漓尽致的第一步。(courage)(汉译英)【答案】Havingthecouragetobedislikedisthefirststeptowardlivinglifetothefullest.【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。分析句子，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。表示“有勇气去做某事”用havethecouragetodosth，此处使用动名词作主语，表示“被讨厌”用不定式的被动结构，即tobedisliked；表示“是第一步去做某事”用bethefirststeptowarddoing；表示“对于活得淋漓尽致”用isthefirststeptowardlivingtothefullest。故翻译为：Havingthecouragetobedislikedisthefirststeptowardlivinglifetothefullest。74.惊叹于中国工人把集装箱变成酒店房间的速度，锦标赛组织者称他们为魔术师。(so...)(汉译英)【答案】ThetournamentorganizersweresoamazedatthespeedatwhichtheChineseworkersturnedthecontainersintohotelroomsthattheydescribedthemasmagicians.【解析】【详解】考查时态，从句和短语。根据句意可知，用一般过去时，主语“锦标赛组织者”译为thetournamentorganizers，谓语“惊叹于”译为beamazedat，结合提示词用so...that句型，宾语thespeed“速度”，“中国工人把集装箱变成酒店房间的”译为定语从句，修饰thespeed，atthespeed“以……速度”是固定短语，故从句用atwhich引导，which指代先行词thespeed，故从句为atwhichtheChineseworkersturnedthecontainersintohotelrooms，“称他们为魔术师”译为theydescribedthemasmagicians，是结果状语从句，结合主谓一致，故答案为ThetournamentorganizersweresoamazedatthespeedatwhichtheChineseworkersturnedthecontainersintohotelroomsthattheydescribedthemasmagicians.75.在古代，二十四节气（the24solarterms）指导农民预测冷暖，春种秋收，如今其魅力依然如故。(as...as)(汉译英)【答案】The24solartermsinancienttimesinstructedfarmerstoexpectchangesintemperature,springplantingandautumnharvestandtodaytheyareascharmingastheywereinthepast.The24solartermsinancienttimesinstructedfarmerstoexpectwhenthedaysweregettingcolderorwarmer,guidingfarmerstosowseedsinspringandharvestcropsinautumn,andtodaytheyareascharmingastheywereinthepast.【解析】 【详解】考查时态，宾语从句，状语从句和现在分词。“在古代”是in ancient times，“二十四节气”是the 24 solar terms，“指导农民预测冷暖，春种秋收”时态用一般过去时，“指导某人做某事”是instruct sb. to dosth., “农民”是farmers，“预测冷暖”是expect changes in temperature，“春种秋收”是spring planting and autumn harvest，“如今”是today，“如今其魅力依然如故”句子时态用一般现在时，“其魅力依然如故”可理解为“和以前一样有魅力”，“有魅力的”是charming，“和以前一样有魅力”是as charming as they were in the past，是as引导比较状语从句。因此整句话翻译为“The 24 solar terms in ancient times instructed farmers to expect changes in temperature, spring planting and autumn harvest and today they are as charming as they were in the past”。另外“指导农民预测冷暖，春种秋收”也可理解为“指导农民预测天气什么时候更冷，什么时候更热，指导农民在春天播种，秋天收获庄稼”，“指导农民预测”时态用一般过去时，是instructed farmers to expect，“天气什么时候更冷，什么时候更热”用when引导的宾语从句，作expect的宾语，“天气什么时候更冷，什么时候更热”用过去进行时表将来，是the days were getting colder or warmer；“指导农民在春天播种，秋天收获庄稼”中的“指导”可换用guide，其后跟sb. to do sth.，“在春天播种，秋天收获庄稼”是sow seeds in spring and harvest crops in autumn，instructed作谓语，guide要用非谓语动词，The 24 solar terms和guide之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词guiding表主动作状语，因此这个句子的第二种翻译是“The 24 solar terms in ancient times instructed farmers to expect when the days were getting colder or warmer, guiding farmers to sow seeds in spring and harvest crops in autumn, and today they are as charming as they were in the past.”。故答案为The 24 solar terms in ancient times instructed farmers to expect changes in temperature, spring planting and autumn harvest and today they are as charming as they were in the past./The 24 solar terms in ancient times instructed farmers to expect when the days were getting colder or warmer, guiding farmers to sow seeds in spring and harvest crops in autumn, and today they are as charming as they were in the past.VI.GuidedWriting76.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是明启中学学生李华，你校英语广播站计划在每周五中午开设名为“TalkandTalk” 的栏目，目前正在招募主持人。请给广播站负责人Mr.Li写一封信，应聘这一岗位。信中需包含以下内容：1)应聘的理由;2)专栏内容的策划。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearMr.Li,　Inoticedintoday’sschoolnewspaperthatyouwerelookingforpeopletobeahostoftheprogramnamed“TalkandTalk”.SoI’mwritingtosayI’dliketoapplytheposition.Hereisabriefintroductionofmyself.　　Firstofall,Iamanoutgoingpersonwithstrongcooperationability.Secondly,IamverygoodatEnglish.IcanspeakfluentspokenEnglish.Finally,andIthinkthisisthemostimportantpoint,Ihaverelevantexperienceasapresenter,whichwillgreatlyassistmeinthisposition.Ofcourse,Ihavemyownideasabout“TalkandTalk”.Inmyopinion,wecaninviteandinterviewsomeexcellentstudentstosetagoodexampleforstudents.Sincerely,ifthispositionisofferedtome,Iwilldevoteallmywisdomandeffortstoit.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yourssincerely,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给校英语广播站写一封申请信，应聘“TalkandTalk”的栏目的主持人。信中包括以下内容：应聘的理由；专栏内容的策划。【详解】1.词汇积累首先：firstofall→firstandforemost此外：secondly→what’smore我认为：Ithink→asfarasIamconcerned 喜欢：sincerely→genuinely2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Ofcourse,Ihavemyownideasabout“TalkandTalk”.Inmyopinion,wecaninviteandinterviewsomeexcellentstudentstosetagoodexampleforstudents.拓展句：Ofcourse,Ihavemyownideasabout“TalkandTalk”thatwecaninviteandinterviewsomeexcellentstudentstosetagoodexampleforstudents.【点睛】【高分句型1】Inoticedintoday’sschoolnewspaperthatyouwerelookingforpeopletobeahostoftheprogramnamed“TalkandTalk”.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）【高分句型2】Ihaverelevantexperienceasapresenter,whichwillgreatlyassistmeinthisposition.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）