北师大版高中英语 Unit2Success Period4 Lesson3GettingtotheTop课件

UNIT2SUCCESSPeriodFourLesson3,课前自主预习,¤重点单词1．________________n．条目2．________________adj.学术的3．________________vt.糟蹋；毁坏4．________________vt.不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走5．________________adj.戒备的，自卫的6．________________n．基本部分；要素7．________________n．强度；强烈entryacademicruinskipdefensiveelementintensity,8．________________adj.无数的，数不尽的9．________________vt.租用10．________________n．铁人三项运动员11．________________v．(使)沸腾，煮沸12．________________adj.巨大的，庞大的13．________________n．长度14．________________n．(英式)橄榄球countlesshiretriathleteboilenormouslengthrugby,15．________________adj.&adv.分开；散开16．________________n．舞台；月台17．________________adj.受伤的18．________________adj.杰出的，优秀的19．________________adj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n．平均水平；平均数20．________________adj.正常的，平常的apartplatforminjuredoutstandingaveragenormal,¤重点词块1．放弃________________2．担心________________3．不再________________4．在危险中________________5．在……的基础上________________6．归结为；要点是________________7．待在家中，不外出________________giveupbeworriedaboutnolongerindangerona…basisboildowntosth.stayin,8．独自地________________9．过着极端的生活_________________________10．把……区别开来________________11．致力于________________12．争取，努力获得________________13．获得成功，取得进步________________14．关注________________onone’sownliveone’slifetoextremesset…apartfrombecommittedtostriveforgetaheadfocuson,15．愿意做某事________________16．专心致志于某事___________________17．除……之外________________bewillingtodosth.applyoneselftosth.apartfrom,¤重点句式1．(P36)I________________________angryordefensive.我原本可以变得愤怒或急于辩解。【答案】couldhavebecome,2．(P36)…I________________inatlunchtimejusttogetaheadonclassworkratherthangooutandplay.我会在午餐时间待在家里，只是为了提前完成课堂作业，而不是出去玩。【答案】wouldstay,3．(P37)Callitunhealthyifyouwant,butthatisthewayIroll,________________________itisI’mapplyingmyselfto.如果你愿意，可以称之为不健康，但我就是这么做的。无论做什么，我都要全力以赴。【答案】nomatterwhat,¤课文预读一、判断正误()1.Theauthoralwaysgoesouttotakeholidayswithherfamilies.()2.Mostoftheauthor’sfriendshaveagoodunderstandingofher.()3.Theauthorsuffersfromgreatmentalintensityeveryday.()4.Theauthorisagirlwithgreatdetermination.()5.Theauthorthinksshecanonlysucceedbyworkinghard.【答案】1－5FFTTT,二、阅读理解()1.Whydoestheauthorbeginthistextwithaquestion?A．Toshowherownpuzzle.B．Toexpressherfriend’sworry.C．Toexplainwhyshewantstobeanathlete.D．Tointroducehertopicinthistext.【答案】D,()2.Howdoestheauthorthinkofherfriend’sworry?A．Reasonable.B．Aggressive.C．Incredible.D．Thoughtful.【答案】A,()3.Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsus________.A．theauthor’scomplaintaboutherfriendsB．somecommonquestionsaprofessionalathletemayfaceC．theauthor’sangerwiththepeoplearoundherD．thedifficultsituationstheauthorisin【答案】B,()4.Whydoestheauthormentionherexperiencesintheswimmingpool?A．Toexpressherpassioninsports.B．Totellusherchildhoodexperiences.C．Tosupportherargumentintheparagraph.D．Toencourageustotakesports.【答案】C,()5.Theauthorwrotethistextforthepurposeof________.A．explainingwhysheshouldstriveforgreatnessB．tellingushowhardsheistrainingeverydayC．tellingusherfriends’worriesaboutherD．givinganswerstoherfriends’questions【答案】A,课堂新知讲练,1．entryn.条目Paraphrase:ashortpieceofwritinginareferencebook(P36)Isitfromanencyclopediaentry,anacademicbookorpossiblyablog?【翻译】是来自百科全书、学术著作还是博客？◇词汇拓讲,【语言提升】(1)entryn．条目；进入；加入；参赛entryintoaplace进入某地entryintoanorganization加入某个组织tobegranted/refusedentryintothecountry准予/禁止入境,BornduringtheMingDynasty,Tangsoughtandfailedtogainentryintothecivilservice,soheturnedtopaintinginstead.唐生于明朝，他想当官，但失败了，于是他转而从事绘画。Thechildrenweresurprisedbythesuddenentryoftheirteacher.老师突然进来使孩子们感到意外。,Howdidthethievesgainentryintothebuilding?窃贼是怎样进入大楼的？NoEntry!禁止入内！Entrytothemuseumisfree.这座博物馆免费参观。Therehavebeensomeimpressiveentriesinthewildlifephotographysection.野生动物摄影部分已有一些极好的参赛作品。,Theclosingdateforentriesis31March.参赛作品的截止日期是3月31日。(2)entervt.&vi.进入；加入enteraschool/college/university考入学校/学院/大学Knockbeforeyouenter.先敲门，再进来。Onethousandchildrenenteredthecompetition.1,000名孩子报名参加了比赛。,(3)entrancen．入口处entrancetoaplace某地的入口处,【语境助记】Attheentrance,MrLiwasrefusedentryintothebuilding,buthewasallowedtoenterwiththehost’spermissionintheend.在入口处，李先生被拒绝进入大楼，但在主人的允许下，他被允许进入了。,【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Atlast,MrLigainedan________(enter)intotheParkattheageoffifty.(2)Dressedinrags,theoldmanwasrefusedentry________thesplendidhotel.【答案】(1)entry(2)into,(3)Atthe________(enter),everyoneissupposedtoshowhistickettocheckin.(4)Hefoundhisticketlostattheentrance________thecinema.(5)Duetohisshabbyclothes,hewasnotallowedto________(entry)intothehall.【答案】(3)entrance(4)to(5)enter,2．ruinvt.糟蹋；毁坏Paraphrase:todestroyorseverelydamagesth.(P36)AsoneoftheOlympicathletes,Imissbirthdayparties,ruinfamilyholidaysandskipnightsout,butthereisgoodreasonforgivingupsomuch.【翻译】作为一名奥运运动员，我错过了生日聚会，破坏了家庭假期，也没有晚上出去玩，但我有充分的理由放弃这么多。,【语言提升】(1)ruinvt.毁坏，摧毁，严重损害(它可用来表示毁坏具体的物品，也可用来表示毁坏抽象的东西，如健康、名誉等)；使破产Mywifewasruiningherhealththroughworry.忧虑严重损害了我妻子的健康。,Roadsandbridgeshavebeendestroyedandcropshavebeenruined.道路和桥梁都被破坏了，农作物也全毁了。Inoneway,hebadefairtoruinus.从某一点上来讲，他倒真的要弄得我们破产。,(2)ruinn．(U)毁灭，崩溃，瓦解，没落；破产；灭亡的原因，祸根Thevineyardswerefallingintoruin.这些葡萄园日渐没落。Shewasn’tgoingtoletherplansgotoruin.她不会让她的计划破产的。,Thesechangesspellruinforthecompany.这些变化意味着该公司破产。Itwasthosepeoplewhoconspiredmyruin.就是那些人共同谋划来毁掉我的。,(3)ruinn．(C)废墟，遗迹，断壁残垣；残余部分，残存部分。这时，ruin常用复数形式Onedeadchildwasfoundintheruinsalmosttwohoursaftertheexplosion.爆炸发生将近两个小时以后，在废墟中发现了一个已经死亡的小孩。,There’sonlythemountaininthisdirection,andhigherupanoldruin,anabandonedcastle.从这个方向望去只看得到这座山，以及更高处的一处废墟，一座废弃的城堡。Hestoodverystill,staringinattheruinsofhiswork.他站在那里一动也不动，呆呆地看着他残余的作品。,【易混辨析】易混词用法destroy常指对物体毁灭性的、不可修复的破坏；也可指希望、信心的破灭或摧毁damage常指对物体局部的、可以修复的损害，意味着损害后价值或效率降低。do/causedamageto“对……造成损害”harm常指(对身体的)伤害、(物质)损失、不利于。doharmto…“对……有危害”ruin常指对物体的不可修复的破坏、毁灭；也可指对金钱、名誉、地位等的毁坏,【针对练习】完成句子(1)Lastmonthhisbusiness__________________.上个月他的公司破产了。(2)Thewholecitywasleft________________aftertheearthquake.地震之后整个城市成为一片废墟。【答案】(1)fellintoruins(2)inruins,(3)Yesterday,hisbadmanners________________________.他的不礼貌使昨天的宴会不欢而散。选择destroy,damage,harm,ruin，并用其适当的形式填空(4)Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussituationforotherresidentsandcouldresultin________topersonalproperty.(5)Don’t________youreyesbyreadingindimlight.【答案】(3)ruinedtheparty(4)damage(5)harm,(6)Theserumorswill________thefameoftheyounggirl.(7)Don’ttaketoomuchofthemedicine;itdoesyoumore________thangoodifyoudo.(8)Whenthewarwasnear,Aliawasworriedthatthefiresofwarwould________thebooks,whicharemoreprecioustoherthanmountainsofgold.【答案】(6)ruin(7)harm(8)destroy,3．hirevt.&n．租用Paraphrase:topaymoneytotheownersothatyoucanusesth.foraperiodoftime(P36)…becauseIwastoobusyhiringacarindowntownJohannesburganddrivingthroughthe“no-go”areasinordertodoagroupridewiththelocaltriathletes.,【翻译】……因为当时我正忙着在约翰内斯堡市区租一辆车，开车穿过那些“禁区”，以便和当地的三项全能运动员一起组团骑行。,【语言提升】(1)hirevt.租用；出租hiresth.out把某物租出去hireoneselfout(tosb.)把自己临时雇佣出去，接受(某人的)临时聘用hiresb.临时聘用某人,Theyweresopoorthattheyhadtohirethemselvesoutonthefarms.他们如此穷以至于他们不得不到农场去打工。Heteamedupwithacouplefrommyhotel(PeterandTerri)andhiredacar.他同我旅馆里的一对夫妻(彼得和泰莉)做伴，一起租了一辆小汽车。Shewashiredthreeyearsago.她是三年前录用的。,(2)hiren．租用；出租onhirefrom…从……处租用forhire可供出租Therearemanybooksforhirehere.这里有许多书出租。Thepriceincludesthehireofthehall.费用包括礼堂租金。Thecostumesareonhirefromthelocaltheatre.戏装可向本地剧院租用。,【针对练习】完成句子(1)He________________________whoeverneededhisservices.无论谁需要他的服务都可以雇佣他。(2)Wehadto________________________toprotectourpersonalrights.我们不得不聘请律师保护我们的个人权益。【答案】(1)hiredhimselfoutto(2)hirealawyer,(3)Theyhaveto________________________outtomakeendsmeet.他们不得不出租一楼来补贴家用。(4)Allthesebikesare________________.这些单车都是用来出租的。(5)Carsare________________________thatcompany.可以向那家公司租用汽车。【答案】(3)hirethegroundfloor(4)forhire(5)onhirefrom,4．boilvi.&vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸Paraphrase:whenahotliquidboilsorwhenyouboilit,bubblesappearinitanditstartstochangeintosteam(P36)Itboilsdowntothis:【翻译】它可以归纳如下：,【语言提升】boilakettle/pan把壶/锅(里面的水)烧开putsth.ontoboil用沸水煮/烫洗；煮/烫洗boiledcarrots/cabbage水煮胡萝卜/卷心菜boilsth.forsb.给某人煮某物boilwithanger怒火中烧；异常气愤boilsth.down(使)煮浓，熬浓；概括；归纳(不用于进行时态),Thewaterwasbubblingandboilingaway.水在咕嘟咕嘟地沸腾着。Boilplentyofwater,thenaddthenoodle.把足量的水烧开，再放入面条。I’llboilthekettleandmakesometea.我来烧壶开水泡点茶。Sheputsomepotatoesontoboil.她煮了些土豆。,Hewasboilingwithrage.他怒不可遏。TheoriginalspeechIhadwrittengotboileddowntoabouttenminutes.我写的演讲原稿被压缩到了大约十分钟。Intheend,whatitallboilsdowntoismoney,orthelackofit.最后，一切都归结为钱，或者说是缺钱。,【针对练习】完成句子(1)Thekettle________________overthefire.壶里的水在火上沸腾。(2)Sheforgottoturnoffthegasandthepot________________.她忘了关煤气，锅就烧干了。【答案】(1)isboiling(2)boileddry,(3)Sheonly________________________forherchildren.她只给孩子们煮了一些蔬菜。(4)Hearingthenews,LiMingwas________________________.听到这个消息，李明勃然大怒。【答案】(3)boiledsomevegetable(4)boilingwithrage,(5)Herlecturethismorning__________________thefollowingthreepoints.她今天上午的演讲归结为以下三点。【答案】boileddownto,5．applyoneselftosth.努力；专心致志于某事(P37)Callitunhealthyifyouwant,butthatisthewayIroll,nomatterwhatitisI’mapplyingmyselfto.【翻译】如果你愿意，你可以称它为不健康，但这就是我的做事风格，不管我在做什么我都会全力以赴。,【语言提升】applyvt.应用；敷药，涂抹vi.申请，适用；专心,beappliedto适用于；应用于Heappliedforthejobtothecompanybyletter.他写信向公司申请这份工作。SheappliedtotheinternationalschoolforajobasanEnglishteacher.她向国际学校申请一份英语教师的工作。,Theresultsofthisresearchcanbeappliedtonewdevelopmentsintechnology.这项研究的结果可以应用于技术的新发展。Sheappliedsomecreamtoherarmsbeforeshewentout.她出去前在胳膊上涂了些药膏。Thenewdiscoverymaybeappliedinmedicine.这项新发现可应用于医学。Yououghttoapplyyourselftoyourwork.你应该专心于你的工作。,【词汇拓展】(1)applicationn．应用；申请；应用程序；敷用Thecommitteecamedowninsupportofhisapplication.委员会决定并宣布支持他的申请。Studentslearnedthepracticalapplicationofthetheorytheyhadlearnedintheclassroom.学生们学会了课堂上学到的理论的实际应用。(2)applicantn．申请人,【语境助记】Theapplicantappliedhimselftoapplyingforapostforteachingappliedchemistry，sayingthathewouldapplywhathelearnttohisteaching.这位申请人专心于申请一份教应用化学的工作，并且说他会把他所学到的应用到他的教学中去。,【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Heslowedthebleedingby________(apply)pressuretothewoundsuntilthepoliceandanambulancearrived.(2)Sofar,morethanonehundredpeoplehaveapplied________thisposition.(3)Thisnewmedicinecanbeappliedto________(treat)COVID-19.【答案】(1)applying(2)for(3)treating,(4)Hisgrandfatherhasapplied________(he)toteachingallhislife.(5)Twenty________(apply)haveaskedforthisjob,soyouareluckytohavebeenadmitted.(6)Yououghttohandinyour________(apply)bytheendofthismonthifyouwantthisjob.【答案】(4)himself(5)applicants(6)application,6．set…apartfrom使与众不同，使突出，使分离(P37)IfyouwanttobeanOlympicchampion,it’sallaboutthatlittleextrathingyouhavedoneinyourpreparationthatwillsetyouapartfromyourcompetitors.【翻译】如果你想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争对手中脱颖而出。,【语言提升】(1)setAapartfromB使A同B分开/分离(2)AissetapartfromBA与B被分隔/分隔开来(3)besetapartfrom使与众不同，使突出(4)apartfrom除了……以外(都)……(相当于except/exceptfor),Theysetthesickgoatapartfromotheranimals.他们把那只病羊同其他的动物分开了。Thegarage,largeenoughfortwocars,issetapartfromthehouse.可停放两辆车的车库是和住房分开的。Thetallgirlissetfromotherstudentsinthecrowd.在人群中，这个高个子女孩非常显眼。,Inparticular,hispaintingsaresetapartfromotherpaintingsbytheirrealistichumanfacesanddeepemotionalimpact.特别是他的作品以其逼真的人面和深刻的情感冲击力而区别于其他作品。Thiscompositionisgoodapartfromsomespellingmistakes.除了有些拼写错误外，这篇文章是不错的。,【针对练习】翻译句子(1)图书管理员叫他们把那些新书同旧书分开来存放。【答案】Thelibrariantoldthemtosetthenewbooksapartfromtheoldones.(2)他们的厨房和客厅是分开的。【答案】Theirkitchenissetapartfromtheirlivingroom.,(3)那位黄色头发的外国人在人群中非常显眼。【答案】Theforeignerwithyellowhairissetapartfromothersinthecrowds.,7．averageadj.平庸的，普通的；平均的n．平均数；平均水平Paraphrase:apersonorthingistypicalornormal(P37)I’dprefertohavethreeorfouroutstandingyearsofwinningstuffthanhavingtenyearsofbeingaverage.【翻译】我宁愿有三年或四年的杰出的胜利，而不是十年的平庸。,【语言提升】(1)adj.平均的；普通的，一般的Anincreaseinaveragetemperaturebyonlyafewdegreescouldcausemanyproblemsworldwide.平均温度仅仅增加几度也会导致许多全球范围的问题。Freddywasanaveragestudent,butnotanaverageperson.弗雷迪是一个普通的学生，但并不是一个平庸的人。Theaverageyearlytemperatureinourcityis26℃。我们城市的年平均温度是26度。,(2)n.平均数；平均水平，一般水准。常见搭配如下：onaverageof平均有on(the)average平均above(the)average高于平均水平below(the)average低于平均水平upto(the)average达到平均水平,Kellyscoredanaverageof147onthreeseparateIQtests.凯利在3项不同的智商测试中平均得分147。Onaveragewehavesevenclassesaday.我们平均一天上7节课。Hisschoolworkiswellaboveaverage.他的学业成绩远远高于平均水平。,【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃________theaverage.(2)________average,itwilltakeayearofhardworktocompletealltheclasses.【答案】(1)above(2)On,(3)MrSmith’ssalaryis________averageinhiscompany,whichmakeshimupset.(4)Anaverage________just18.75cmofrainfelllastyear,makingitthedriestyearsinceCaliforniabecameastatein1850.(5)Mammalsweighingsixtykilogramshave________averagebrainsizeof200cm2.【答案】(3)below(4)of(5)an,◇句式解读1．(P36)Icouldhavebecomeangryordefensive.【翻译】我原本可以变得愤怒或急于辩解。【句式剖析】本句中的couldhavebecome意为“本来能够……，本来会……”，表示过去可能做，但又没有做打算做的事情。,【句式提升】下面是一些由“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”构成的句型，请注意把握它们的含义和用法：(1)“couldhave＋过去分词”表示过去本来能够做但是没有做的事。Hecouldhavepassedtheentranceexaminationlastyear.他去年本来可以考上大学的。,(2)“shouldhave＋过去分词”表示过去应该做而没有做的事情。它含有责备的语气。其中，should可换用oughtto(即oughttohave＋过去分词)，意思不变。Youshould/oughttohavebeenherefiveminutesago.你原本五分钟之前就该到达这里。,(3)“musthave＋过去分词”表示过去一定做过某事，是一种对过去很有把握的推测，意为“一定”。注意，这个句型不可直接在must的后面加not构成否定式。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨天晚上一定下过雨，因为地上是湿的。,(4)“can’t/couldn’thave＋过去分词”也可用来表示对过去情况的否定推测，意为“不可能做过某事”。“musthave＋过去分词”的否定式要用此句型表示其否定意义。Itcan’thaverainedlastnight.昨天晚上不可能下了雨。,(5)“may/mighthave＋过去分词”表示一种对过去情况的不太有把握的推测，意为“或许/可能做过某事”。may的可能性又比might大些。Hehasn’tturnedupyet;hemay/mighthavebeenill.他还没有来。他可能病了。,(6)“needn’thave＋过去分词”表示过去没有必要做某事但实际上做了，意为“(过去)没有必要……”。Ineedn’thavetoldhimthat.我没有必要将那件事告诉他的。,【针对练习】完成句子(1)We________________(本应该学习)lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.(2)Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She________________(不可能发言)atthemeeting.【答案】(1)shouldhavestudied(2)can’t/couldn’thavespoken,(3)Ididn’thearthephone.I________________(我一定睡着了)asleep.(4)He________________(原本可以给予)youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.(5)Therewasplentyoftime.She________________(没有必要那么匆忙)．【答案】(3)musthavebeen(4)couldhavegiven(5)needn’thavehurried,2．(P36)Iwouldstayinatlunchtimejusttogetaheadonclassworkratherthangooutandplay…【翻译】我会在午餐时间待在家里，只是为了提前完成课堂作业，而不是出去玩……【句式剖析】本句中的would…ratherthan是一个固定的句式，意为“宁愿……而不愿意……”。,【句式提升】(1)ratherthan“而不是”，常用于连接两个并列结构。IthinkI’llhaveacolddrinkratherthancoffee.我想我该要一杯冷饮，而不要咖啡。Hewasbusywritingaletterratherthanreadingthenewspaper.他那时是在写信而不是看报纸。,(2)ratherthan连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数要采取“就远一致”原则，即谓语动词的单复数要和ratherthan前的主语保持一致。He,ratherthanyou,isgoingtobesenttoBeijingonbusiness.将要被派往北京出差的是他，而不是你。…butsometimesroutinescancontrolus,ratherthanuscontrollingtheroutines.……但有时常规可以控制我们，而不是我们控制常规。,(3)常用搭配：prefertodo…ratherthando…＝woulddo…ratherthando…宁愿做……而不愿做……woulddoAratherthandoB＝wouldratherdoAthandoB宁愿做A，而不愿意做B,Iprefertostayathomeratherthangoonatriponsuchhotweather.天气这么热，我宁愿待在家里也不愿去旅行。Iwouldwalkintheparkratherthanstayhome.我宁愿到公园走一走，也不愿意待在家里。(or)rather更确切地说Heworkedtilllatelastnight,orrather,earlythismorning.他昨晚一直工作到深夜，更确切地说，是到今天凌晨。,【针对练习】单句语法填空(1)Whatweexpectfromyouisworkinghard________________(而不是)hardlyworking.【答案】ratherthan,完成句子他宁愿为国捐躯也不愿屈服。(2)He________________forhiscountry________________________in.【答案】woulddie;ratherthangive(3)He________________________forhiscountry________________in.【答案】wouldratherdie;thangive,(4)He________________________forhiscountry________________________in.【答案】prefertodie;ratherthangive(5)Myyoungersister,ratherthanI,________(like)classicmusic.【答案】likes,3．(P37)Callitunhealthyifyouwant,butthatisthewayIroll,nomatterwhatitisI’mapplyingmyselfto.【翻译】如果你愿意，可以称之为不健康，但这就是我的做事风格，无论做什么，我都要全力以赴。【句式剖析】nomatter意为“无论……”，在本句中引导一个让步状语从句。,【句式提升】(1)“nomatter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。Everyonewillbegivenatelephonenumberatbirththatwillneverchangenomatterwheretheylive.每个人一出生就会被给予一个电话号码，将来无论他们居住在哪儿，这个电话号码都不会更改。,(2)“疑问词-ever”可以引导状语从句也可以引导名词性从句；“nomatter＋疑问词”只能引导状语从句。I’llpostthatletterwhateverWilsonsays.＝I’llpostthatletternomatterwhatWilsonsays.不管威尔逊讲什么，我都要寄出那封信。,【针对练习】完成句子(1)_______________________________________________,I’llpayforit.无论你想买什么，我都愿意付款。【答案】Nomatterwhat/Whateveryouwanttobuy,(2)Callmewhenyougetthere,________________________.无论什么时间，你到了那儿就给我打电话。【答案】nomatterwhat/whateverthetimeis(3)Everyonewillbegivenagift______________.每个人都会给一份礼物，无论他们居住在哪儿。【答案】nomatterwhere/wherevertheylive,突破语法,□冠词冠词出现在每年的高考试题的语法填空题中，是一个重要考点。具体来说，对于冠词应注意把握如下要点：一、不定冠词的用法不定冠词通常表示泛指，但应特别注意掌握不定冠词的下列用法：1．泛指人或事物的类别，相当于any。如：Ahorseisausefulanimal.(马是有用的动物。),2．不定冠词an要用在以元音音素开头的单词前；a则要用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。这里所指的元音音素和辅音音素，是指单词的读音，而不是指元音或辅音字母。如：anhonestman，auniversitystudent.。,3．放在一些表示心理活动或情感的名词前。如：honour，joy，pity，pleasure，surprise等，一般情况下用作不可数名词，其前不加任何冠词，但如果其转化成具体的意义，表示“一个/一次/一种/一件……”等意义时，其前就要用不定冠词。这时，在这类名词的前面通常有形容词修饰。如：Wefeltitapleasuretoworkwiththemandwefinishedourworkwithpleasure.(我们觉得同他们一起工作是一件令人快乐的事情。我们愉快地完成了我们的工作。),4．表示抽象意义的名词前。如danger，difficulty，disappointment，failure，help，success，wonder，pleasure等，这些名词可以转化成具体的人或事，前面用不定冠词修饰或者它们本身用复数形式。如：Wehadmuchdifficultyinfindinghishome.(我们找他的家时碰到了许多的困难。),TheredarmymenmetallkindsofdifficultiesintheLongMarch.(红军战士在长征途中碰到了许多困难的事情。)Heisasuccess/failureinbusiness.(在生意场上，他是一个成功者/失败者。),5．放在物质名词前。如coffee，tea，food，fog，rain，snow等，前面加不定冠词时，表示“一种；一场”。这时，其前通常有形容词修饰。如：ablacktea(一种红茶)，aheavysnow/rain(一场大雪/雨)。,6．放在具有动作意义的抽象名词前，且与动词have，take，make，give，letout等构成的短语，表示一次性短暂的动作。如：havealook/rest/swim/try/test/bath/break;takeawalk/look/bath/rest。,7．不定冠词还可用于专有名词前。这时的专有名词通常转化成了一个普通名词，而且这个普通名词前还有形容词修饰。如：AMrSmithcametoseeyouthismorning.(今天早上一个名叫史密斯的先生来看你了。)HeisalivingLeiFeng.(他是一个活雷锋。),8．形容词比较级用作定语修饰一个单数可数名词时，其前也常用不定冠词修饰，表示“一个更……的”。如：Youcan’tfindabetterrestaurantinthistown.(在这个镇上，你再也找不出一家比这更好的餐馆了。)9．most前用不定冠词修饰时，most相当于very。如：amosthardworkingstudent(一个非常勤奋的学生),10．表示三餐的词语前通常不用任何冠词修饰，但如果这类名词的前面有形容词修饰的时候，其前通常用不定冠词修饰。如：Weusuallyhavesupperathalfpastsix.Yesterdaywehadabigsupper.(我们通常在六点半吃晚饭。昨天我们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。),11．在序数词的前面，通常用定冠词修饰，但用不定冠词时，则通常表示“又、再、还”。如：Hecasthisnetasecondtimebutdrewinnothing.(他又一次把网撒出去，可什么也没有捞到。),12．有些名词如population，area，height，weight，depth，width，length，speed等表示一个具体的量(即与具体的数量连用)时，其前通常要用不定冠词修饰。如：Thiscityhasapopulationofthreemillion.(这个城市有三百万人口。)Thecarisrunningataspeedof180kilometersperhour.(这辆汽车正以每小时180公里的速度行驶。)Thisschoolcoversanareaoftwosquarekilometers.(这所学校占地2平方公里。),二、定冠词的用法1．表示类别的单数名词前要加定冠词the。如：Thehorseisausefulanimal.2．表示乐器的名词前要加定冠词the。如：Helikestoplaythepiano.3．由普通名词构成的专用名词前要加定冠词the。如theUnitedStates，thePeople’sRepublicofChina。注意，如果不是复合的专用名词，其前则不能加定冠词。如：America，China。,4．姓氏的复数形式前要加定冠词the，表示某某一家人或某某夫妇。如：theCuries(居里夫妇)，theSmiths(史密斯一家)。5．形容词比较级前加定冠词常用于表示“两者中较……的那个”。如：Thetallerofthetwogirlsismysister.(那两个女孩子中较高的那个是我的妹妹。)6．在重复前面提到过的人或物时，要用定冠词修饰。如：Isawafilmyesterday,butthefilmwasnotsointeresting.(昨天我看了一部电影。这部电影没有什么趣味。),7．由普通名词构成的、表示国家、党派、江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等的专有名词前面要用定冠词修饰。如：thePeople’sRepublicofChina(中华人民共和国)，theChineseCommunistParty(中国共产党),theChangjiangRiver(长江),theWestLake(西湖),theTaihangMountain(太行山)。8．在表示方位的名词前及某些表示时间的短语前。如：ontheleft/right(在左边/右边)，inthesouth/north(在南方/北方)，inthemorning/afternoon/evening(在早上/下午/晚上)。,9．用在形容词前表示一类人或物。如：theold/poor/rich/sick(老人/穷人/富人/病人)。10．用在整十的复数数词前表示年代。如：inthe1990’s(在二十世纪90年代)。,□追踪练习一、单句语法填空1．Wearealllookingforhappiness.Canweallfind________happinesswearelookingfor?2．Thefilmstarhasgottiredofbeing________personwhoiskeptbusyalldaylong.【答案】1.the2.a,3．Doyouknow________tallerofthetwostudentsunderthetree?4．Haveyouseen________redbook?Iputitherejustnow.5．Asyouknow,waterisprecious,but________waterhereisnotfittodrink.6．Howdoyoulike________filmwesawlastnight?【答案】3.the4.a5.the6.the,7．Thoughyoufailedthistime,youcantry________secondtimenextmonth.8．________YellowRiverisconsideredtobethemotherriverofournation.9．Mikeis________thirdtallestboyinourclass.10．Itishardforamanwithoutknowledgetomake________livinginthisworld.【答案】7.a8.The9.the10.a,11．Ienjoylisteningtomusic,but________musicheisplayingistoonoisy.12．It’sreally________greatpleasureformetoworkwithyouduringthisyear.13．________InternationalOlympicsCommitteewillcometoChinanextweek.【答案】11.the12.a13.The,14．Ithinkthisis________onlywaytoreduceairpollutioninourtown.15．Thismorning________MrSmithcametoseeyouwhileyouwereout.【答案】14．the15.a,二、完成句子1．Doyouknow________________(那位年轻的女士)whoisspeakingatthemeeting?【答案】theyounglady2．I’mgoingtothebookstoretobuy________________(一本英汉词典)formybrother.【答案】anEnglish-Chinesedictionary,3．Weallfeelit________________(一个巨大的荣誉)todosomethingfortheBeijingOlympicGames.【答案】agreathonour4．MrBrownenjoysplayingbasketballwhileMrsBrownenjoys________________(弹钢琴)．【答案】playingthepiano,5．Weusuallyhaveasimplelunch,butyesterdaywehad________________(一顿丰盛的午餐)．【答案】arich/big/wonderfullunch6．Thoughhefailedinthefirsttry,shewouldliketohave________________(再试一次)．【答案】asecondtry,7．Itiseasyforyoutobecaughtin________________(一场大雨)astheweatherischangeablehere.【答案】aheavyrain8．Thehousewhosegatefacessouthbelongsto________________(史密斯家)．【答案】theSmiths,9．Whenshesawthis,thelittlegirlletout_____________(一声大叫)ofsurprise.【答案】aloudcry,随堂知能小练,一、单词拼写1．Thesuperstarmadeher________(入场)tothesoundofthunderousapplause.2．ThistermLilyhasmadegreat________(学业的)achievements.3．Therearesome________(要素)whichsoundreasonableinherspeech.【答案】1.entry2.academic3.elements,4．Water________(沸腾)at100degreecentigrade,whichisanobviousfact.5．Morehandswillbe________(雇佣)inourfactorytoincreaseourproduction.6．Look!Thereare________(数不尽的)birdsflyinginthesky.【答案】4.boils5．hired6.countless,7．Theshipknockedintothe________(巨大的)icebergandsankintothebottom.8．Thisbridgemeasures2.5kilometersin________(长度)．9．Thegirlstoodonthe________(站台),wavingtoherfriend.10．Thousandsof________(杰出的)scientistshavemadegreatcontributionstoourcountry.【答案】7.enormous8.length9．platform10.outstanding,二、单句语法填空1．Internetmakesourlifeeasyand________(convenience)．2．I’mverypleased________myowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.3．Helefthomeafteraquarrelwithhisparents,________(determine)nevertobeback.【答案】1.convenient2.with/at3.determined,4．Everyevening,ifnot________(tire)fromwork,Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog.5．Motherisbusy________(prepare)supper,soI’llgoandgiveahand.6．Grandfatherusuallysitsonthesofaaftersupper,________(read)somenewspapers.【答案】4．tired5.preparing6.reading,7．Theoldmanistryingtolivehislife________extremes.8．Yououghttoapplywhatyouhavelearnedinclass______practice.9．LiMingprefersgoingforawalkaftersupperto________(play)computergames.10．Nomatter________yougo,youshouldsparenoefforttodoyourworkwell.【答案】7.to8.to9．playing10.where,三、完成句子1．She________________________herworkinsuchashorttime.她不可能在这么短的时间内完成她的工作。【答案】can’t/couldnthavefinished,2．Wemustdooralpractice________________________________ifwewanttolearnEnglishwell.要学好英语，我们必须每天进行口语练习。【答案】onadailybasis3．Thisletter________________________threepoints.这封信可归纳为三点。【答案】boilsdownto,4．Iwouldstayhome________________________tothecinematonight.今晚我宁愿待在家里也不愿去看电影。【答案】ratherthango5．Hardworkwill________________________________ordinarypeople.努力工作将使你与众不同。【答案】setyouapartfrom