北京市2022年上学期清华大学高三英语中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试试题
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北京市2022年上学期清华大学高三英语中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试试题本试卷共150分,考试时间100分钟。第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分60分)第一节(共15小题;每小题3分,满分45分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAutumnisgreatforEuropeanwalking:pathsaremud-free,temperaturesaremild,crowdsarefewandbeautifulcolorsabound.ThefollowingarefourEuropeanadventurestowalkyourwaythroughautumn.TheunknownCilentoSouthofItaly’sAmalfiCoasthidesamuchlessdiscoveredwonderland.AfterstoppingtoviewthemarvelousGreektempleremainsatPaestum,Sherpa’snextdestinationconcentratesontheCilentoNationalPark—firstfollowingitsruggedseashorepasttheoccasionalmyrtlegrove(小树林),andsandybeach,thenleavingmodernitybehindandventuringinlandtomedieval(中世纪的)hilltoptowns.Home-cookeddinnersconcludeexcitingdaysofgoattracksandghostvillagesbeforeascenicpathleadsbacktotheseaside.Fournights£630halfboard,includingtransport,luggagetransfersandwalkingnotes.LastdepartureOctober31.TurkishdelightsFollowanimpressivesectionofTurkey’sexpansiveLycianWay,graduallymovingfromcliffstocoastline.You’llbegininpine-filledpeaks,typicallyonshadedpathstoseaviews,andstopatbothapool-boastingupscalehotelandoneoftheYanartasregion’sever-burningflames—possiblyfueledbyamonsterbelow.Afinefishrestaurantcomesnext,thenamile-longsandybeachaheadoftwodaysonlonelyCapeGelidonya,finishingbyitslighthouse.Sixnights£790,includingtenothermeals,transport,luggagetransfersandwalkingnotes.LastdepartureinearlyNovember.CarpathianclambersPolandandSlovakiaareseparatedbytheCarpathianMountainsandtheirlargeforest-filledvalleys.StartingandendinginKrakow,thistripcoversbothcountries.Somedaysincludetheoptionofclimbingtosnowypeaksortakingeasier,lower-altitudeoptions,andyou’lllikelymeettheGorals—aculturally-distinctgroupknownas“highlanders”.Mostmemorableactivitywillbewalkingalongthe300m-highDunajecRivertospatownSzczawnica.Sevennights£630,includingtransport,luggagetransfersandwalkingnotes.LastdepartureOctober24.FlowersandfetaGreece’sPelionPeninsulaisaplaceknownasthe“LandoftheCentaurs(人首马身的怪物)”foritsassociationwiththemythologicalhorse-humanhybrids.Betweenvillagesofwhitewashed,flower-decoratedstonehouses,walkerscanfollowoldpathsontomountainsides,andwanderthrougholivegrovesorbesidetheglitteringAegeanSea.Somedaysyieldswimmingopportunities,andothersthechancetorechargeinalocalpubofsomebeansoupandfeta-cheesebread.Sevennights£535,includingtransport,luggagetransfersandwalkingnotes.LastdepartureOctober23.1.WhatcanyoudowhenyouareintheunknownCilento?A.Swiminapool.B.Haveaspa.C.Exploremedievaltowns.D.Walkthrougholivegroves.7/72.WhichdestinationisyourbestchoiceifyouintendtotraveltoEuropeafterOctober?A.Turkey.B.Cilento.C.Greece.D.Krakow.3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.ItisamonsterthatfuelsthefireinYanartasregion.B.Mealsarefreewhenyouaretakingthefirstadventure.C.YoucanenjoyaspafromGoralsinthetownSzczawnica.D.BeansoupcanbeservedinthepubofGreece’sPelionPeninsula.BLouGehrig(1903-1941)wasabaseballplayerwiththeNewYorkYankeesfor17seasons.Hewasapowerfulhitterknownas“TheIronHorse”.Gehrigwasastrong,toughandverymoralman.Hisfatherwasoftenout-of-workbecausehewasanalcoholicandhismotherwasamaid.Histwosistersandonlybrotherdiedyoung.Asayoungboy,Gehrighelpedhismotherwithherwork.However,heneverlethistoughstartholdhimback.HestartedplayingfortheYankeesin1923afterattendingColumbiaUniversity,settingmanymajorleaguerecordsduringhiscareer.Thisincludedthemostconsecutivegamesplayed(2130games),arecordonlybroken56yearslaterin1995.Sadly,attheageof36,hestartedtotiremid-seasonandhisspeedandcooperationabilityfaded.Heresigned.Soonafterhewasdiagnosedwithaformofmotorneurondiseasenamedamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS).Hedeliveredhisfarewell-to-baseballspeechtohisteammatesandfanson4JulyofthesameyearattheYankeeStadium.Afterhisspeech,thecrowdstoodandclappedforalmosttwominutes.TheNewYorkTimesreportedthatitwas“oneofthemosttouchingsceneseverwitnessedonaballfield”.Gehrigdiedtwoyearslaterofthedisease.Thisincreasedawarenessofthediseaseanditssymptoms;inNorthAmericaitisstillcommonlyknownas“LouGehrig’sdisease”.TheLouGehrigMemorialAwardisgiveneachyeartotheMajorLeagueBaseballplayerwhobestexhibitsGehrig’sintegrityandcharacter.4.WhendidLouGehriggivehisspeech?A.in1903.B.in1923.C.in1939.D.in1940.5.WhoaretheaudienceforLou’sspeech?A.Hisfamily.B.Hisfriends.C.Hisopponents.D.Hissupporters.6.Whyistheillnessknownas“LouGehrig’sdisease”?A.LouGehrignamedthedisease.B.Thisdiseaseisrelatedtoplayingbaseball.C.PeoplegettoknowthediseaseduetoLouGehrig.D.ThediseasehadneverappearedbeforeLouGehrigcaughtit.7.WhatwordcanbestdescribeLouGehrigaccordingtothepassage?A.Determinedandpersistent.B.Emotionalandpatient.C.Wealthyandhumorous.D.Gentleandgenerous.CWeknowthatthepandemic(流行病)hashadafar-reachingimpactonourminds—somuchsothatitmayhavechangedtheveryfabricofoursocietyaltogether.Mentalhealthprofessionalsthinkthatthosewithsocialanxietywillnotemergefromthepandemicunaffected.CounsellingDirectorymemberBeverleyBlackmansays,“Forpeoplewithsocialanxiety,lockdownwillmakethemdeeplyanxiousinoneway,andyetareliefinanother.”Headded,“Ononehand,apersonwithsocialanxietymayfeelrelievedthattheynolongerhavetosocializeinperson,buttheymayalsofeelthattheyhavelosttheopportunitytosocializewiththepeopletheyfeelsafeandsecurespendingtime7/7with,meaningthattheyfeelanewlevelofisolationandadifferentlevelofanxietyaboutsocializinginanyform.Withoutthesecurityofthosetheyfeelsafewith,self-confidencemayverywelldecreaserapidly.Lockdownmayhavehadanegativeimpactonthosewithsocialanxiety.”DrDariaJ.Kuss,associateprofessorinpsychologyatNottinghamTrentUniversity,says:“Followingthelockdown,peopleinthiscountrywereallowedtomeetupagain,whichforindividualswithsocialanxietymayhaveledtostressandworry.Theymaynotbecomfortablebeingexpectedtobe‘social’again,especiallywheninlargergroups,andmayworryaboutsayingthewrongthingsandaskingthewrongquestionsastheyarereintegratingintotheirofflinesociallives.”Furthermore,Beverleysaysourevenbiggerrelianceonsocialmediaanddigitalcommunicationinthemidstoflockdowncouldalsohaveanegativeimpactonpeoplewithsocialanxiety.Shesays“Forsomepeoplewithsocialanxiety,communicationbymediacanbeevenharderthancommunicationinperson.Weknowthatwordsformonlyroughly7-10%ofthewayinwhichwecommunicateandthatwerelyonbodylanguage,facialexpression,toneofvoice,andunconscioussignalsbehindwordstoconveyourthoughtsandfeelings.”Whenitcomestowhatpeoplewithsocialanxietycandotofeelbetterasthelockdownsituationcontinuestoshift,Dr.Kusssays“Irecommendbeingopenandhonestwiththeirsocialenvironments.Friendsandfamilywillempathizewhentheconcernsarevoicedopenly.Engaginginfocusedbreathingandrelaxationmayalsohelpalleviatefeelingsofworryanddiscomfort.Finally,negativethinking(e.g.,“Idon’tknowwhattosay”)maybereplacedwithpositiveones(e.g.,“Iamgoodenough”and“Myfriendswanttoseeme”).”8.Whydopeoplewithsocialanxietyfeelrelievedduringthelockdown?A.Thereisnoonedisturbingtheirlife.B.Thereisnoneedforthemtosocialize.C.Theyhaveincreasedtheirself-confidence.D.Peoplecannolongercommunicatewitheachother.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninthethirdparagraph?A.Stimulate.B.Relieve.C.Begin.D.Develop.10.Whatcanbethegoodadviceforthosewithsocialanxietyduringthelockdown?A.Stayathomealone.B.Communicateonline.C.Openhearttostrangers.D.Takeapositiveattitude.11.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Staywithsafepeoplecanbringmoreconfidence.B.Lockdowncanhelppeopleovercomethefeelingofanxiety.C.Forpeoplewithsocialanxiety,lockdownisadouble-edgedsword.D.Itisasuitablewayforpeopleofsocialanxietytocommunicatebymedia.DMostofthe500whalesstranded(搁浅)offTasmaniahavenowdied.DozensmorestrickenwhaleshavebeenfoundinAustralia’slargestevermassstranding.Theestimatedtotalnowstandsataround500,withthemajorityofthatnumberdeadandatenthrescuedbyauthoritiesontheIslandstateofTasmania.Expertsbelievealloftheanimalswouldhavebeenpartofonelargegroup.Officialsbeganworkingtorescuesurvivorsamonganestimated270whalesfoundonMondayonabeachandtwosandbarsneartheremotecoastaltownofStrahan.Thenanother200whaleswerespottedfromahelicopteronWednesdaylessthan10kilometres(sixmiles)tothesouth.All200hadbeenconfirmeddeadbylateafternoon.Theywereamongthe380whalesthathavediedoverall,withestimatesfromearliertodaysuggestingthat30thatwerealivebutstrandedand50hadbeen7/7rescuedsinceTuesday,MrDeka,WildlifeServicemanagerexplained.Headded,“We’llcontinuetoworktofreeasmanyoftheanimalsaswecan.We’llcontinueworkingaslongasthereareliveanimals.”Itisnotknownwhatcausedtheanimalstorunaground.Whilestrandingeventsarenotunheardof,theyareveryrareinsuchlargenumbers.About30whalesintheoriginalstrandingweremovedfromthesandbarstoopenoceanonTuesday,butseveralgotstrandedagain.AboutathirdofthefirstgrouphaddiedbyMondayevening.Australia’slargestmassstrandinghadpreviouslybeen320pilotwhalesneartheWesternAustraliantownofDunsboroughin1996.Thisweek’sincidentisthefirstinvolvingmorethan500whalesinTasmaniasince2022.MarineConservationProgrammewildlifebiologistKrisCarlyonsaidthelatestmassstrandingwasthebiggestinAustraliaintermsofnumbersstrandedanddied.MarinescientistVanessaPirottasaidtherewereanumberofpotentialreasonswhywhalesmightbecomebeached,includingnavigationalerrors.Sheexplained,“Theydohaveaverystrongsocialsystem;theseanimalsarecloselybondedandthat’swhywehaveseensomanyinthiscaseunfortunatelyinthissituation.Rescuingthemdoesnotalwayswork,becausetheyarewantingtoreturnbacktothegroup,theymighthearthesoundsthattheothersaremaking,orthey’rejustdisorientedand,inthiscase,extremelystressed,andjustprobablysoexhaustedthattheyinsomecasesdon’tknowwheretheyare.”sheadded.12.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?A.270whaleswererescuedonMonday.B.380whaleswerefounddeadonTuesday.C.500whaleswerefoundstrandedanddead.D.200whalesspottedfromahelicopterweredead.13.WhydidKrisCarlyonsaythiseventisthebiggestinAustralia?A.Rescueworkisnotdoneintime.B.Thenumberofthedeathislarge.C.Thecauseoftheeventisstillamystery.D.Therewasnoothersimilareventinrecentyears.14.WhichofthefollowingisNotthecauseofthestrandingofthewhales?A.Navigationalerrors.B.Overhuntingofthehumanbeings.C.Whales’grouplivingstyle.D.Whales’confusionandexhaustion.15.Wheredoesthispassagepossiblycomefrom?A.Anewspaper.B.Amagazine.C.Atextbook.D.Atravelbrochure.第二节(共5小题;每小题3分,满分15分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Goingonholidaydoesn’thavetobebadfortheenvironment,andtherearestillplentyofwaysinwhichyoucanhaveamuch-deservedbreakwithoutharmingtheenvironment.ForgetPlanesWhilemostformsoftransportproducecarbondioxide,oneofthegassesresponsibleforglobalwarming,planeshaveamassivecarbonfootprintbecauseofthehugenumberofmilestheytravel.____16____There’ssomuchtoseeanddointheUKyetmostofusoverlooktheendlesspossibilities.There’stheunparalleledbeautyoftheCornishcoastandthePeakandLakeDistrict.7/7EnjoythehistoryofastunningWelshcastle,tryboatingontheNorfolkBroadsorridethe‘HogwartsExpress’acrossScotland.OrtrytakingthetrainovertoEurope—withinsixhoursofLondonareAmsterdam’sfamousartgalleries.Alternatively,takethecartoCannesinjustoverhalfadayortheferrytoScandinaviaforholidaysyou’dnormallyonlydreamof.____17____Hotelscanbehugeproducersofgreenhousegasses—thinkaboutthewaterthat’swasted,allthebathroomproductsthrownouthalfusedandallthebuffetfoodthatgoesuneaten.Sochooseaneco-friendlyoptioninstead.Campingorahomestay—whereyoulivewithafamilyintheirownhome—aretwoofthebestoptions.____18____someofthethingstolookoutforarehotelsmadefromsustainablematerials,whichareenergyefficientorusetheirownsolarenergyandthatrecycle.Somealsohaveplantingprogramstoattractwildlife.PackwithcareThelessyoutake,thelighteryourcarbonfootprintbecausetheheavieryourluggageis,themorefuelittakestocarry.Sopacklightandpackresponsibly.____19____Alloftheirbottles,fromshampooandconditionertobodywashandmoisturizers,arenowmadefromrecycledplasticthatcanbere-purposedagainandagainsononewplasticisproduced.Andtheiriconicsoapbarsnowalsocomeinplastic-freepackaging.BuygiftsresponsiblyBringingbackgiftsforfriendsandlovedonesispartofthefunofaholiday.____20____Avoidanythingplastic,orifitisplasticmakesureitis100%recyclable,andmakesureyourfriendswilllovewhateveryougivethemsoitisn’tjustthrowninthebinheadedforlandfill.Trytobuypresentsmadebylocalcraftsmenthatwillbenefitthecommunityandhelptheireconomy.Anddon’tbringbackanythingmadefromshells,coraloranimalproducts,becauseyoudon’tknowifthey’refromsustainablesources.A.Considerlivinginaneco-friendlyhotelB.Thinkabouteco-friendlyaccommodationC.Butifyouinsistonstayinginthehotel,D.Butmakesureyouchooseitemscarefully.E.Sowhynotskipflyinginfavorofaholidayclosertohome?F.Ratherthanlieonabeach,whynothelpourpreciousplanetwhenyou’reaway?G.Takeenvironmentally-friendlybeautyandbathingproductswithyou,suchasDove’srange.第二部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分55分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Whenmychildrenwereteenagers,I____21____afridgemagnetwithwhatwassaidtobeaFirstNationorNativeAmericanprayer.I____22____itonthedoorofourrefrigeratorinfullview.Ifoundthewordstobethought____23____andhopedtheywouldteachmychildrentohavemorepatienceandbemore____24____ofothers.Althoughmychildrenare____25____now,withhomesoftheirown,I’vekeptthemagnetonour____26____doorforthepasttwenty-fiveyears.Duringthattime,I’veoftenfoundthatthe____27____hashelpedmeseesituationsfromadifferentperspective.Forexample,anumberofyearsago,Iwasonmywaytoafarewellfunctionwithseveralcolleagues.Aswewereleavingtheoffice,we____28____ourothercolleague,Wendy,whohadpreviouslyplannedtoattendtheeventwithus.IaskedWendyifshewantedustowaitforher,and7/7sherespondedinafairlyrudemanner,____29____ourinvitation.Oneofmyothercolleagueswasquite____30____andclearlyangryoverWendy’sbehavior.“Idon’tknowwhyyouevenbotheredto____31____her,”shesaid.____32____onhowtiredWendyappearedassherushedawayfromus,IcommentedthatperhapsweshouldjustgiveWendya____33____andforgiveherforbeingrudeatthelastminute.Shewas____34____havingabadday,anditwasn’tworthholdingagrudge(怨恨)againstherifweweren’tawareofwhat____35____herunusualbehavior.Aweeklater,IlearnedthatwhenwecameacrossWendy,shewasreturningtotheofficefromamedicalappointment____36____shewastoldshehadpancreaticcancer.Shediedayearlater.Wendywasn’tbeingrudetous;shehadjustreceivedavery____37____diagnosis.Whetherit’safamilymemberwholetmedown,afriendwho____38____aconfidence,oradifficultcolleague,thequoteonmyfridge____39____me.Althoughit’snotalwayseasytoforgive,I’vebeenableto____40____alotofgrudgeovertheyearsbyfocusingonmymantra.21.A.missedB.lostC.purchasedD.sold22.A.spottedB.carriedC.droppedD.placed23.A.meaningfulB.interestingC.familiarD.unexpected24.A.awareB.forgivingC.ashamedD.confident25.A.workersB.parentsC.seniorsD.adults26.A.kitchenB.fridgeC.bedroomD.bathroom27.A.dreamB.messageC.targetD.relief28.A.bumpedintoB.sawoffC.knockeddownD.dealtwith29.A.demandingB.acceptingC.decliningD.delaying30.A.curiousB.amazedC.anxiousD.annoyed31.A.convinceB.promiseC.ignoreD.invite32.A.ReflectingB.CountingC.LookingD.Concentrating33.A.breakB.partyC.danceD.lesson34.A.suddenlyB.obviouslyC.passivelyD.naturally35.A.discoveredB.avoidedC.causedD.created36.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what37.A.confusingB.shockingC.unusualD.casual38.A.builtB.lostC.betrayedD.possessed39.A.doubtedB.evaluatedC.guidedD.ordered40.A.takedownB.breakthroughC.comeaboutD.getridof第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下列短文,在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheDoubleNinthFestival____41____(celebrate)ontheninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth.Itisalsoknown____42____theSeniorCitizens’Festival.Thefestival____43____(base)onthetheoryofYinandYang,thetwoopposingprinciplesinnature.Theancientsbelievedthatallnatural____44____(phenomenon)couldbeexplainedbythistheory.Numbersarerelatedtothistheory.EvennumbersbelongtoYinandoddnumberstoYang.Theninthdayoftheninthlunarmonthisaday____45____thetwoYangnumbersmeet.SoitiscalledChongyang.____46____(appreciate)chrysanthemum(菊花)anddrinkingchrysanthemumwinehavealwaysbeenatraditionduringtheDoubleNinthFestival.Chrysanthemumsareregardedasakindofflower____47____(have)thefunctionofanantitoxin(抗毒素)andcandrivetheevilaway.Asnineispronounced“jiu”meaninglonginChinese,sopeopleusethewordjiu____48____(express)themeaningoflongevitywithaperson’slife.Intheyearof1989,theDouble7/7NinthFestivalwasdesignatedasSenior’sDay—adaytorespecttheelderly.Membersofafamilyalso____49____(company)theirelderstohavea____50____(relax)dayinanaturalsettingwhilewishinghealthandhappinessuponthem.第三部分写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题l分,满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。OfallthepeopleIhaveencounteredinmylife,apersonIadmiremostismyEnglishteacher.Workingforourclassteacher,shehastoworkaroundtheclocktotakegoodcareofusaswellasgivinglecturesandgradehomework.Shealwayswalkstowardsthebusstop,carryingabagfullofnotebookorabigfolderwithassessmentreportsshemakesthenightbefore.Sheistheonewhomwespendmajorpartofourdayandsheistheonewhoconstantencouragesustobreakbarriersandtobeextraordinary.Weoweallofoursuccesstohim.IwillnotforgetherinstructionsbutIwouldliketoexpresstomydeepestgratitudetoher.第二节书面表达(满分25分)你注意到同学们浪费食物的现象比较严重。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文,呼吁同学们珍惜粮食,杜绝浪费。内容包括:1.浪费食物的现象;2.杜绝浪费的原因;3.你的呼吁。注意:1.词数100左右;2.题目已为你写好。Don’twastefood!________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7/7
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