北京市石景山区2022届高三英语下学期一模考试试题（Word版附答案）

2022北京石景山高三一模英语第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意。从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂UpuntilIwaseightyearsold.Iwasanonlychildinmyfamilyandlifewassweet.ThenalongcameGrant,mylittlebrother,andeverythingchanged.AsGrantgotolder,he___1___thehabitofattachinghimselftomeandIfoundhimtotally___2___.BythetimeIbecameateenager,hewasmy___3___,followingmearound,copyingmyeverymove,andgenerallybeingapest.However,___4___myannoyance,Ibegantoenjoyhimastimewentby.Hewasafunnylittleguy,andIfoundhishero-worshippleasant.Aswegotolder,weestablishedboundariesandalliances(联盟),becomingmore___5___ofeachother.Grant___6___askingtogoalongondateswithme,andInolongermadefunofhiminfrontofhispeers.Hecheeredmeonatmysoccergames,andI___7___tocoachhisbaseballteam.IwonderedifthetransitionhappenedbecausehebecamelessannoyingandmoreofabuddyorbecauseIbecamemore___8___,moreabletoshare,morereceptivetotheunconditionalloveheoffered.Lookingback,Ihavecometotheconclusionthatmaybeitwasa/an___9___ofboth.Today,GrantandIareateam.Iknowthatwewillalwaysbeclose,ifnotinageordistance,theninthe____10____sharedbybrothers.1.A.developedB.changedC.maintainedD.broke2.A.reliableB.annoyingC.uniqueD.disappointing3.A.angelB.guideC.shadowD.enemy4.A.besidesB.despiteC.beyondD.for5.A.considerateB.criticalC.enviousD.respectful6.A.missedB.suggestedC.stoppedD.enjoyed7.A.hesitatedB.happenedC.pretendedD.,volunteered8.A.creativeB.ambitiousC.independentD.patient9.A.innovationB.combinationC.limitationD.expectation10.A.hopeB.courageC.loveD.pride第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。“It’ssocute!”“Iwantone!”Sincesuchpostsspreadonsocialmedia,the2022BeijingWinterOlympicsmascotBingDwenDwen____11____(become)astaracrosstheglobe.Thelovablepandawearsafull-body“shell”____12____(make)outofice,whichlookslikeanastronautsuit.WiththepopularityoftheOlympicmascot,ithasserved____13____anambassadorforwintersports,bringingjoytothose____14____participatedinandwatchedtheOlympicWinterGames.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Usually,joyandhappiness____15____(understand)tobethesamething.Infact,they’reverydifferent.Joyisanemotionthatoccurswithinuswhenwedevelopanappreciationorthankfulnessforthecontentsoflife,suchasnature,____16____(free),relationshipswithpeople,orthroughhavingfaithinsomething____17____(large)thanourselves.Happinessisanemotionthatisarousedinuswhenwebuyanewcarorgetapromotionatwork.Itdependsonourcircumstancessatisfyingourdesires.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheeconomicachievementsoftheTangDynastypromotedthedevelopmentofChinesemedicine.TheTanggovernment____18____(take)theleadincompletingtheeditingworkoftheworld’sfirstherbalmedicinebook,TangBencao.Thebook____19____(contain)850kindsofdrugsandadrugmap,further____20____(improve)thescaleofChinesemedicine.,第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共11小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AParaglidingisakindofflying,butinsteadofthewingbeingmadeofmetal,woodorplastic,itismadeofnylonorpolyester.Thewingisattachedtoaharnessbylineswhereapilotsits,similartoaparachute.Isitsafe?Paragliding,isassafeassailinganddeep-seadiving.Thebigadvantageisthatit’sprobablytheslowestformofaviation,soifyoudocrash,you'llhitthegroundquitegently!It’saveryrelaxingsportasyou'remostlysittingdown.Yet,you’llprobablyexperiencepaininsomemusclesyoudidn’tknowyouhadwhilelearning,butmanyofthosewillbeduetothewalkupthetraininghilltolaunch.WheredoIlearn?Therearelotsofschools,mainlybasedinlandbyappropriatehillsormountains,andtherearealsoschoolsonthecoastnearspectacularcliffs.Theseareveryattractive,thoughtheprospectoflandingintheseaseemstodiscouragebeginners!Ittakessevendaystogetyourbasiclicense;thenyou’refreetoflyindependentlyatsitesacrossthecountry.WhatdoIneed?Pilotsnormallywearwarmclothesincasetheygetveryhighup,andahelmetincasetheystumbleonlanding.Intermsofgear,schoolssupplybasictraining,canopies,harnesses,etc.However,you'llprobablywanttobuyyourownmoresophisticatedequipment,whichyou’llbeabletochoosemuchbetteronceyou’vetriedsomeoutonyourcourse.Whocandoit?There’snoupperagelimitprovidedyourinstructorjudgesyoucapable,buttheyoungestis14.,Anybodywithgoodeyesightandgoodbalanceisapotentialparagliderpilot.Flyingaparagliderisagreatsport.Wehopetoseeyouintheairwithusthisseason!21.WhichwouldbethebestheadingforParagraph1?A.Whatisparagliding?B.Whoinventedparagliding?C.Howisparaglidingspecial?D.Whyisparaglidingpopular?22.Accordingtothepassage,paraglidingis____________.A.excitingbuttiringB.safeandrelaxingC.attractivebutexpensiveD.fastandchallenging23Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Fitpeopleofanyagecantakeupparagliding.B.Mostparaglidingschoolsaresituatedbythesea.C.Pilotsneedtobuybasicequipmentontheirtrainingcourse.D.Learnerscanflyontheirownafteratleastaweek’straining.BIrememberdrivingtoPalmSpringsfromSanDiegotwoThanksgivingsago.Noneofuspicturedanicyblizzard(暴风雪)onourCaliforniavacation,butonehourintothedrive,thefirstsnowflakefell.Myeyeslitup.I’dmissedsnow.Seeingitlandonapricklycactusmademytearswellup.HowIlongedforcoldMinnesota,myhometown.Asthealtituderose,thestormgotfierce.Itwasn’tlongbeforewehadnochoicebuttopullover.Asourcarslidtoastop,Ilookedintothedistance.AlineofcarsaslongastheMississippiRiverwerelinedup.Justthen,acarcamefrombehind,suddenlychangingthedirectiontoavoidhittingourcar.Thedriver,anoldman,slammedonthebrakesandhiscardriftedacrossthepath.Itdidn’ttakeustoolongtorealizehiscarwasawfullyneartheedgeofthemountainandslowlycreepingmoreandmoretowardsthesideofthecliff.Suddenly,10peoplewhoweresittingintheircarsleaptout.Fromthecarwindow,Iwatchedaninspiringscene.Fourpeopletookthechainsthatprotectedtheirtiresofftheircarsandputthemontheoldman’stires.Onepersonshoveledthesnowoutfromhistiresandtriedtobreaktheicewithhisboot.Justastheoldman’scarandallhisbelongingswereabouttobelostofftheedgeofthecliff,,peoplesteppedupandlettheirkindheartsoverridethesnowstorm.Thoughitwasminus30degreescentigrade,myheartwasaswarmasever.ThisactofkindnessjustremindedmehowthankfulIamforpeopleandmomentslikethese.24.Whydidtheauthorcrywhenhesawthesnow?AHefeltalittlehomesick.B.Hedislikedthebadweather.C.Hewassurprisedtoseethesnow.D.Hewasanxiousaboutthetrafficdelay.25.Whathappenedtotheoldman'scar?A.Itsbrakingsystemfailed.B.Itwasabouttodropfromthecliff.C.Itranintotheauthor’scar.D.Itlostcontrolduetothesuddenspeeding.26.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethepeopleinvolved?A.Reliableandmodest.B.Kindandeasy-going.C.Braveandcooperative.D.Enthusiasticandambitious.CPsychologiststellusourself-imagedefineswhatwebelievewecanandcannotdo.Eachofusovertheyearshasbuiltupbeliefaboutourselves:Unconsciously,ourpicturesofwhowearehavebeenformedbypastexperiences.Oursuccessesandfailures,whatothershavetoldusandwhatwethinkpeoplebelieveaboutusallhelpformimpressionsofwhatwethinkweare.Becauseself-imageissoimportantinourgrowth,itisimportanttoexamineourconceptsofselfinordertoreachourfullpotential.Changingourself-imageispossible:Somepsychologistssuggestwebegintochangeourself-imagebymentallypicturingourselvesperformingwellatsometask.Sincewepresentlyreacttothingsbasedonourpresentimages,it’ssuggestedthatwereplacethosewithbetterones.Inmanyexperiments,peoplewereaskedtositquietlyforafewminuteseachdayandimaginethemselves,doingwell.Forinstance,subjectswouldsitandimaginethemselvesthrowingdartsatabull’s-eyeonatarget.Overaperiodofweeks,theirdartgameimproved.Thishasbeendonewithpeoplewhowantedtoplaychessbetter,throwaballmoreaccuratelyincreasetheirsalesmanshipormusicaltalents,andimprovemanyotherskills.Inmostcases,remarkableimprovementismade.Thepointofchangingself-imageisnottodevelopanimageofourselvesthatisnotreal.Totrytobecomesomethingwereallyaren’tisjustaswrongaslivingtheunrealistic,inferiorimagewemayhave.Theaimistofindtherealself,tobringourmentalimagesofourselvesinlinewithourtruepotential.However,itisgenerallyacceptedamongpsychologiststhatmostofusfailtodojusticetoourselves.We’reusuallybetterthanwethinkweare.Anotherimportantpartofchangingself-imageistonotthinkaboutpastmistakes.Don’tletfailuresdoharm.Ourerrorsorhumiliationovermistakesarenecessarystepsinlearning.Itisallrighttomakemistakes.Butwhentheyhavetaughtuswhatwedidwrong,weshouldforgetthemandnotdwellonthem.Sometimeswekeeprememberingourfailuresormistakesandfeelguiltyorembarrassedaboutthem.Weletthemtakeover,andthenwedevelopafear.Itisimportanttohaverealisticexpectationsofourselves.Someofourdissatisfactionmightcomefromexpectingtoomuchofourselves.Ifwedemandconstantperfectionineverythingwedo,wecanbedisappointedandourpoorself-imagewillcontinue.Ifourgoalistoreachperfection,wearedoomedfromthestart.27.Whichsituationagreeswiththeideaofthepassage?A.Tooutshinehiscolleagues,Joesetsanidealisticgoal.B.Togetalongwithherclassmates,Dorisalwayshumblesherself.C.Tobecomeastarplayer,Alexrepeatedlyplaysbackhisfaultsinhismind.D.Towinaspeechcontest,Tinavisualizesherselfspeakingmoreconfidently.28.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph3?A.Toconfirmtheeffectofchangingself-image.B.Toclarifytheprincipleofchangingself-image.C.Toproposeanewviewonchangingself-image.D.Tostresstheimportanceofchangingself-image.29.Accordingtotheauthor,howshouldweregardourpastmistakes?A.Theyarepartofourgrowth.,B.Theyarewarningsforfuture.C.Theyaretoolsforovercomingfear.D.Theyarebarrierstoourdevelopment.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.WeAreWhatWeDoB.BetheBestWeCanBeC.WeAreWhatWeThinkWeAreD.WhatWeAreDecidesWhatWeThinkDWhenitcomestoloweringourcarbonemissions(排放),itseemsthatnothingissimple.Electricvehicles(EVs)actasanexampleofpotentialgreenwash.“Theyseemveryattractiveatfirstsight,”writesTheNextWebinareport.“Whenwelookmoreclosely,itbecomesclearthattheyhaveasubstantialcarbonfootprint.”TherareearthmetalsandcostlymineralsincludedasessentialingredientsinEVbatteriesarenotrenewable.What’smore,theirextraction(提炼)isoftenanythingbutgreen.Sothequestionis:isitworthit?JusthowmuchemissionreductioncanEVsjustify?Luckily,alifecycleassessmenthasbeendonetogiveussomeanswers.“Alifecycleanalysisofemissionsconsidersthreephases,”writesTheNextWeb.“themanufacturingphase,theusephase,andtherecyclingphase.”Inthemanufacturingphase,thebatteryistoblame.“EmissionsfrommanufacturingEVbatterieswereestimatedtobe3.2tonsofcarbondioxide(CO2),1/4ofthosefromanelectriccar,13tonsofCO2.Thosewerebiggerthanemissionsfromgascars,10.5tonsofCO2.”Ifthevehiclelifeisassumedtobe150,000kilometers,emissionsfromthemanufacturingphaseofanelectriccararehigherthangascars.”Intheusephase,thesourceofelectricitytheconsumerisusingtopowertheircarcomesintoplayinamajorway.“Tounderstandhowtheemissionsofelectriccarvarywithacountry’srenewableelectricityshare,considerAustraliaandNewZealand,”continuesthereport.“In2018,Australia’sshareofrenewablesinelectricitywasabout21%.Incontrast,thenumberinNewZealand’swasabout84%.ElectriccaremissionsinAustraliaandNewZealandareestimatedatabout170gand25gofCO2perkmrespectively.Asaconsumer,ourcarisonlyasgreenasourcountry’senergymix.”Finally,intherecyclingphase,welookatvehicledismantling(拆除),vehiclerecycling,battery,recycling,andmaterialrecovery.“Theestimatedemissionsinthisphase,basedonastudy,areabout1.8tonsforagascarand2.4tonsforanelectriccar.Thisdifferenceismostlyduetotheemissionsfrombatteryrecycling,whichis0.7tons,”showsinthereport.“Whileelectriccarscausemoregreenhousegasemissionsthangascarsdo,it'simportanttonotetherecycledbatteriescanbeusedinsubsequentbatteries.Thiscouldhavesignificantemissionsreductionbenefitsinthefuture.Forcompletelifecycleemissions,thestudyshowsthatEVemissionsare18%lowerthangascars.”Sohere’sthetakeaway:EVsaregreener.Maybethey’renotasgreenaswethought.There’scertainlyroomforimprovement.Buttherealchallengeliesinspeedingtheglobalenergytransitiontowardgreenerenergy-production.31.Whyisalifecycleanalysisofemissionsmade?A.ToillustratetheadvantagesofEVs.B.ToshowhowgascarsoutperformEVs.C.ToweightheenvironmentalimpactofEVs.D.ToexaminetheenergysourcesofgascarsandEVs.32.HowdoestheauthorsupporttheunderlinedstatementinParagraph5?A.Bygivinginstructions.B.Byhighlightingfeatures.C.Bymakingcomparisons.D.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.33.Accordingtothepassage,whatcontributestoEVs’beatinggascars?A.Recyclingofbatteries.B.Overalldrivingdistance.C.Manufacturingtechnology.D.Government’senergypolicy.34.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?A.EVsareworthyofthepraisetheyhavereceived.B.EVsarenotsuccessfulfortheirenvironmentaldownsides.C.EVswillnolongerbewidelyacceptedfortheiremissions.D.EVsarenottrulygreenuntiltheirenergysourcesbecomegreen.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。MovetotheMusicMusichelpsusexercise,butwhydoesithavethiseffect?____35____Thefirstissimple:Music,distractsus.Whenwelistentoasongwelike,ourbrainpaysattentiontothemusic.Forexample,afterweexercisefor20minutes,ourbodymightbetired.Butwemaynotfeelthisimmediatelywhilelisteningtomusic.Soweexercisealittlelonger.Musicalsomotivatesus.Whenweheardancemusic,forexample,wenaturallystarttomovetothebeat.Anupbeatsongalsoputsusinagoodmood,sowefeelhappier.Thisgivesusenergyandhelpsusexerciselonger.____36____Songsintherangeof120-140beatsperminute(BPM)arethebest,sayssportspsychologistDr.CostasKarageorghis.____37____.ItsleadingresearcherFritzput61peopleinsmallgroups.Theyallthenexercisedtwice.Onetime,eachgroupworkedoutwhilelisteningtomusicforsixminutes.Anothertime,theyexercisedforsixminutesonspecialJymminmachines.ThenameJymminisacombinationof“jamming"and“gym.”Usingthesemachines,eachgroupmademusicastheymoved.Theexercisersbecamethecomposersandthemachinesbecametheirinstruments.Intheend,53ofthe61peoplesaidthesamething:TheyfeltlesstiredwhentheyexercisedontheJymminmachines.____38____HowdoesFritzexplainthis?MaybepeopledidbetterontheJymminmachinesbecausetheyhadmorecontrol,hesays.Peoplecreatedthebeat.Theycouldmakeitgofasterorslower.Also,theactivitywassocial.Eachgroupwasmakingmusictogetherandhavingfun.FritzbelievesthatJymminexercisemayhaveotheradvantages,too.____39____Forexample,itmaybeevenagoodwaytotreatdepression.A.Expertssaytherearetwomainreasons.B.Thisalsohelpsrelaxourbodyandbrain.C.Musicwithaquickandsteadybeatisgoodforexercising,D.Hewantstofindoutifitcanhelpwithmoreseriousconditions.E.Heexpectstotakeadvantageofittotapintopeople’spotential.F.Anewstudysuggeststhisisonlypartoftheexplanation,however.G.Whentheyexerciseandmakemusicworkingoutseemstobeeasier.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第12题每小题2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。,RevengeSleepProcrastinationAccordingtothesleepexpertDorothyChambers,“revengesleepprocrastination”referstoaphenomenoninwhichwedelaygoingtosleeptodootherunimportantthingsthatwehaven’thadtimetodointheday,andreflectsaverypoorworkandlifebalance.Theresearcherssurveyed2,012adultsandfoundthatoverthreequartersadmitdoingaformofrevengesleepprocrastination,usingtheirphonesrightupuntilfallingasleep.Thentheresearchersselectedsomesocialmediaappstotesthowseriouslytheyaffectsleepquality.Eachparticipantwasaskedtowearasmartwatchtorecordhowlongittooktofallasleep,andprovidefeedbackonhowtiredtheyfeltthenextmorning.Theresultrevealedthattheaveragetimetakentofallasleepwasover45minutesandanincreasingtirednesswasreportedbyoverhalfoftheparticipants.Itshowedthatrevengesleepprocrastinationimpactedsleepqualityalot,whichcanleadtoadverseimplicationsonphysicalandmentalhealth.Sowhydoesithappen?Accordingtotheresearchers,it’slargelydowntothebluelightemittedfromphonescreens.Itstimulatesthebrainandreducesnaturalmelatonin(褪黑素)production,increasingtiredness,andinturnincreasingtheamountoftimespentfallingasleep.Theresearcherspointedthatsocialmediaappsencouragethereleaseof“pleasurechemicals”,givingusenergyanda“happy”feeling.Thiscouldbewhymanyofuschoosethemasourmeansofrevengesleepprocrastination,eventhoughweknowtheydohavenegativeeffectsonourhealth.Tosolvethisproblem,Dorothyrecommendedthatweshouldn’tuseanyelectronicsforatleasttwohoursbeforesleepingtoavoidsleepdeprivation.Instead,weshouldtryreadingabookortakingdeepbreaths.40.Whatisrevengesleepprocrastination?41.Whatistheeffectofrevengesleepprocrastination?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Forsomeprocrastinators,theirsleeptroubleresultsfromthebluelight,pleasurechemicalsandtheirunawarenessofthebadeffectsofusingsocialmediaappsbeforebed.43.Ifyoupreferredusingsocialmediaappsbeforebedwhatwouldyoudotofightsuchatypeofsleeprevengeprocrastinationbesidesthepracticementionedinthepassage?(Inabout40words)第二节(20分),44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。2022年4月神舟十三号(Shenzhou-13mannedspaceship)即将返航，你校电视台英文频道向学生征集以“航天”为主题原创短视频。你打算邀请留学生Jim一起完成作品。请你给他写邮件，内容包括：1.征集要求；2.作品初步想法；3.询问意向。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：神舟十三号：Shenzhou-13mannedspaceship航天：aerospaceDearJim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua,【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.B5.A6.C7.D8.D9.B10.C【答案】11.hasbecome12.made13.as14.who【答案】15.areunderstood16.freedom17.larger【答案】18.took19.contains20.improving【答案】21.A22.B23.D【答案】24.A25.B26.C【答案】27.D28.B29.A30.C【答案】31.C32.C33.A34.D【答案】35.A36.C37.F38.G39.D【答案】40.Revengesleepprocrastinationreferstoaphenomenoninwhichwedelaygoingtosleeptodootherunimportantthingsthatwehaven'thadtimetodointheday.41.Itcausesaverypoorworkandlifebalance.Anditimpactssleepqualityalot,whichcanleadtoadverseimplicationsonphysicalandmentalhealth.42.Forsomeprocrastinators,theirsleeptroubleresultsfromthebluelight,pleasurechemicalsandtheirunawarenessofthebadeffectswhiletheyusesocialmediaappsbeforebed.Accordingtothepassages,althoughtheprocrastinatorsalreadyknowusingsocialmediaappsbeforebedhasnegativeeffectsontheirhealth,theycan'thelpusingthem.43.Iwouldfightsuchtypeofprocrastinationintwoways.Planningtimeeffectivelycouldgivememorecontrolofmyday,likeprioritizingstudyingorothernecessarystuffandsparingthetimeforentertainment.Plus,atbedtime,Iwouldkeepmyphoneinthelivingroomtoavoidaddictivesocialmediaapps.【44题答案】【答案】DearJim,TocelebratethereturnofShenzhou-13mannedspaceshipinApril,2022,I’dliketoinviteyouto,createashortvideo,concerningthehonorablemoment.Thethemeoftheinnovativevideois“aerospace”andthelengthofthevideoshouldbewithin10minutes.I’dlovetoshootthevideoasfollows.First,itincludesabriefintroductionofthespaceship,aswellastheastronautswho’llhavesuccessfullyfinishedthetask.Also,thespacelifecanbementionedaslotsofaudiencemaybefondofit.Finally,wewillsendourbestwishesandpaytributetotheheroes.Iwonderifyouhaveanyspecialthoughtsaboutmyplan?Lookingforwardtoyoureply.Yours,LiHua