北京市丰台区2022届高三英语下学期模拟考试（一）试题（Word版附答案）

北京市丰台区2021-2022学年度第二学期综合练习（一）高三英语2022.03本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答隹答题卡上。在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。笔试（共三部分100分）第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分.共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Thoughnewtermhadbegunforweeks,thenewgirlMollystillremained1aroundherclassmates.Nowshewassittingaroundpicnictablealone.Sheseemedunsureofwhattodoorsay,yetIcouldseehereyeslongingfor2.Brianna,theclassclown,wasstandingneartheplaygroundmakingtheotherstudentslaugh,asusual.“Brianna,Mollylooksawfully3.Wouldyouinvitehertojoinus?"Isaid.Briannasighed.Icouldtellthatshewas4todowhatIwasaskingofher,butIalsoknewshewassosweetandkind.Ihadspecifically5herforthistask.Shelookedatherfriends,thenatMolly.Knowingthischoicewas6her,IreachedintomypocketandpulledoutaD-buck,ourclasscurrency（货币).Ineededto7hercooperation.“Here,I’ll8youforyourtime.”Sheofferedaninsinceresmile,graspedthegreenpaper,andheadedoff.Iwatchedcloselyasthegirlstalked.Whentheyfinallywalkedbacktogether,Isighedwith9.Aminutelater,BriannacamebackandhandedmetheD-buck.“Ishouldn'tkeepthis.”Hereyesfelltoherfeet,10radiatingfromherquietvoice.“Idon'twantMollytothinkIonlywenttogethersoIcouldearnaD-buck.She'smyfriend.”ThenBriannaskippedbacktoamuseherclassmatesagain,andwholaughedforthefirsttimethatweek?Molly.1.A.satisfiedB.surprisedC.awkwardD.ashamed2.A.trustB.acceptanceC.understandingD.respect3.A.angryB.puzzledC.seriousD.lonely4.A.unwillingB.eagerC.determinedD.disappointed5.A.studiedB.selectedC.supportedD.examined6.A.comfortingB.warningC.painingD.protecting7.A.considerB.permitC.checkD.ensure8.A.helpB.payC.prepareD.forgive9.A.reliefB.concernC.sorrowD.regret10.A.excitementB.courageC.guiltD.impatience,,第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提不词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，请在答题卡指定区域作答。ASpaceexplorationbeganin1957,whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.YuriGagarin11(become)thefirstpersontoorbit(环绕)theearthin1961.In1969,NeilArmstrongwasthefirstpersontowalk12themoon.Sincethen,spaceexplorationhasadvancedvery13(rapid).Ithasproducedmuch14(amaze)technologythatbringschangestotheworld.BLeaf-cutterantsareinteresting.15(look)forleaves,thelargerantsusuallygooutingroups.Theybiteoffbitsofleavesandcarrythemback.Watchingtheseantsmarchinsinglefile,carryingleaves,isquiteasight.Theseantscancarryaleafthat16(weigh)20timesmorethantheydo.Theleaves17(collect)bytheantsarenotforeating.Theyarebroughtbacksofungus（真菌）cangrowonthem.Thefungusisthefoodfortheants.CStoryboardsareasetofdrawingstotellastoryandapowerfulwaytovisuallypresentinformation.Theoriginalstoryboards,18wereusedinmovie-making,showedstoriesbrokenupintopieces.Eachpieceofthestory19（draw）outonacardandstucktoaboardinorder.Peoplewerethenabletotalkaboutandrevisethestorybycheckingonepartatatime.Thatis20Iknowaboutstoryboards.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。,ADearJimO'Connor,MynameisAnnieLeandIamwritingtoyouonbehalfoftheNativeHealthCommunityGarden,agroupofpeopleworkingonstartingacommunitygardenintheMesaNeighborhood.Whilesearchingforpotentialgardenlocations,wecameacrossyourhouselocatedatWestSouthernAvenue.Weareaskingaboutthepossibilityofusingyourlandasthesiteofourgarden.Ingeneral,acommunitygardenisaspacewhereplantsaregrownandtakencareofbyagroupofpeopleinthecommunity.Communitygardensimprovethequalityoflife,offermorechancestotalktoeachotherandbeautifyneighborhoodswhileprovidinggreenfoodandthereforereducingthehouseholdcostoffood.Toensurethesmoothrunningoftheproject,electedvolunteerswouldbeincharge.Youwouldhaveaccesstoallthesevolunteersandtheywouldliketoansweranyquestionsyoumayhave.Ihaveincludedsomegeneralinformationaboutcommunitygardensandwhattheycanbringtoacommunity.Wewouldlovetospeakwithyouinpersonoroverthephonetodiscusswhathostingacommunitygardenonyourlandwouldinvolve.Issuesmayincludediscussinganagreement,rentalcharges,gardenrules,andwateraccess.Allthecostsfortheprojectwillbecoveredbyus.Wewouldalsoliketopresenttoyouourvisionofthisspace.Wewouldverymuchliketohaveyoursupport.Thankyouforyourconsiderationandpleasefeelfreetocontactme.Thankyouagain.Respectfully,AnnieLe21.WhatdidAnnieLewritetoJimO'Connor?A.Torenthisland.B.Toofferhimajob.C.Toinvitehimtojoinhergroup.D.Toinformhimofthecommunitygarden.22.Accordingtothepassage,whatwillthegardenbringtothecommunity?A.Moregreenprojects.B.Lesswaterpollution.C.Morecommunication.D.Highercostofliving.23.AnnieLewouldliketofurtherdiscuss__________.A.servicecostB.cooperationdetailsC.gardeningskillsD.communitydevelopment,,BLocalbarber(理发师)goesaboveandbeyondforalittleboy“Thatdaystartedallwrong,”LaQuistaErinnasaid.“Andweforgothisheadphones.Wewererunninglate,trafficwashorrible,soIknewitwasgoingtobedifficultthatday.”WhenErinnaandhersonfinallyarrivedattheirappointment,itseemedliketherewasnoway6-year-oIdJackson,aboywithautism(自闭症),wouldbegettinghishaircut."Hejustimmediatelygotanxious,"Erinnaexplained.“UsuallyIhavetodosomecoachingtogethiminthechair.Hewillputonhisheadphones,andwepowerthrough.”ErinnasaidJacksonisatypicallittleboywholovestoplayandlovesart.Butsometaskscanbesensoryoverload,andhaircutsareoneofthem.ThestresswassointenseformomandsonthatalmosttwoyearswentbybeforeJacksongotanotherhaircut.Butthistime,hewasinthehandsofRee,thebarber,andthingsweregettingeasier.ReenoticedhisSuperMarioBrosshirtandtoldhimthatheneededtosaveMariobymakingsurenohairgotonhim.Shecuthishairwhilehemovedandranaroundtheshop.Shetalkedtohimthroughouttheentireprocess,encouraginghimandremindinghimaboutprotectingMariotokeephimengaged."Itjusttouchedmesomuch,”Erinnasaid."Shenurturedthatrelationship.Shegainedhistrust.”“IfeelgoodIcangoaboveandbeyondforachild.”Reesaid.“Iknowchildrenwanttobefree.TheywanttoexpressthemselvessoItrytofindadifferentstrategytomakethemfeelcomfortable.”Jackson’ssmiletoldtherestofthestory.Erinnawasverymovedbyherson'shaircut.Shesharedavideoonline,whichhasgottenmillionsofviews.Giventhehugeresponse,ErinnaalsosetupaspecialGoFundMetosupportReetomakesureshe'sabletocontinuetoworkandreplaceanylostincomefromtheimpactofthepandemic(流行病).24.WhatusuallyhelpedtocalmJacksonduringhaircuts?A.Hismother'strust.B.Hisartbooks.C.Hisbarber'sencouragement.D.Hisheadphones.25.HowdidReesucceedincuttingJackson'shair?A.Byinspiringhimtobebrave.B.Bycooperatingwithhismother.C.Byturningthehaircutintoagame.D.BytellingstoriesaboutSuperMario.26.ToexpressthankstoRee,Erinna______________.A.raiseamoneytosupportherB.advertisedherhaircuttingskillsC.gothaircutsathershopregularlyD.postedphotosofJackson’shaircutonline27.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeRee?A.Kindandhonest.B.Caringandgenerous.C.Patientandcreative.D.Confidentandfriendly.,CThepeoplewhohappentobeinacitycenteratanygivenmomentmayseemlikearandomcollectionofindividuals.Butnewresearchfeaturingthesimplemathematicallawshowsthaturbantravelpatternsworldwideare,infact,predictabledespitelocation.Researchersdiscoveredwhatisknownasaninversesquarerelation（平方反比关系）betweenthenumberofpeopleinagivenurbanlocationandthedistancetheytraveledtogetthere,aswellashowfrequentlytheymadethetrip.Itmayseemintuitive（直觉的）thatpeoplevisitnearbylocationsfrequentlyanddistantoneslessso,butthenewlydiscoveredrelationaccuratelypredicts,forinstance,thatthenumberofpeoplecomingfromtwokilometersawayfivetimesperweekwillbethesameasthenumbercomingfromfivekilometerstwiceaweek.Theresearchersanalyzeddatafromabouteightmillionpeoplebetween2006and2013insixurbanlocations.Thisstudyfocusedonlocationsandexaminedhowmanypeoplewerevisiting,fromhowfarandhowfrequently.Theresearchersfoundthatalltheuniquechoicespeoplemake—fromdroppingkidsatschooltoshopping―beythisinversesquarelaw.Oneexplanationforthisstrongstatisticalpatternisthattravelingrequirestimeandenergy,andpeoplehavelimitedresourcesforit.Atthecoreistheeffortthatpeoplearewillingtoinvestcollectivelytotraveltocertainlocations,tryingtooptimizetheirdays.Understandingthesepatternsisimportantnotonlyforplanningtheplacementofnewshoppingcentersorpublictransportationbutalsoformodelingdiseasetransmissionwithincities,saysKathleenStewart,ageographerandmobilityresearcher.Manyresearchersestimatetravelwithgravitymodelswhichassumethatmovementbetweencitiesisaproportiontothepopulationsizes,butthesemodelsdonotaccountfortravelpatternswithincitiesInformationthatisaparticularlycriticalindealingwithdiseasetransmissionepidemiologistsomeScarboroughsaysmodelsbasedonthisnewfindingmightbettertrackthatflow.Thoseorganizationalpatternshavereallyprofoundimplicationsonhowcorporatewillspreadsaysinasmallerrurallocationswheremanypeopleregulargotothesamegrocerystore,theentiretownwereexperiencedsharperriskofinfectionsasavarioussleepsweepsthroughthecommunity.Butinabigcity,thespreadtakeslonger.Heexplainsbecausemanyepidemicscanoccurineachneighborhoodsomewhatseparately.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“optimize”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keeparecordof.C.Thinkbackon.D.Makethemostof.29.Whydoestheauthormention“gravitymodels”inparagraph6?A.Tointroducethetravelpatternswithincities.B.Tostressimportanceoftrackingdiseases.C.Tocomparetheurbanandruralinfectionrates.D.Toshowtheadvantageoftheinversesquarelaw.30.Whichofthefollowingcanbesupportedbythenewlydiscoveredlaw?A.Diseasesspreadfasterinruralareasthaninbigcities.B.Tripdistanceseldominfluencespeople'stravelchoices.C.Epidemicsarehardertodiscoverinbigcitiesthaninruralareas.D.Cityresidentsarelikelytomakefrequenttripstoadistantplace.,,DEarlierthisweektheonlineUKsupermarketOcadotolditscustomersthatithad“limitedability”todelivertheicecreamtothem.Why?Becausethepriceofnaturalgashasincreasedgreatly,whichhashitthesupplyofCO₂intheUK.Andthathasledtoacutinthesupplyofdryicethatsupermarketsusetokeepfoodcoolintheirdeliveryvans(小型货车).Sonoicecream.Thisminicrisishasbeenfairlyquicklyresolved,fornowatleast.However,thatdoesn'tmeanyoushouldn'tworry.Thisincidentservesasatimelyreminderofjusthowreliantweareonfossilfuels.Despiteouroptimisticenthusiasmforwindandsolarpower,onewayoranotheroilandgasuseisshotthrougheverypartofoureconomicandsociallives.Thatwillbethecaseformanydecadestocome.InhisrecentlyupdatedbookThereisNoPlanetB,MikeBemers-Leclaysoutthechallenge.Whenwetalkaboutshiftingfromfossilfuelstocleanenergyofonekindoranother,wearen'tdiscussingtakingtheamountofenergyweusenowandproducingthatamountinadifferentway.Instead,ourtargetisalwaysonthemove.Themoreenergywecangetourhandson,themoreweuse—evenifouruseofitbecomesmoreefficient.Energyusageisgoingtokeeprising,whileenergytransitions（转变）tendtobothtakeaverylongtimeandneveractuallyend.Wejustpilenewsourcesontopofold.Theworldstillusesmuchthesameamountoftraditionalbiomass(woodetc)asitdid100yearsago.Wearerunningtostandstill.Thiswillchange.Butnotasfastasyoumightliketothink.In2019,33percentofournewpowergenerationneedsweremetbyrenewableenergy.That'sastart.But40percentweremetbynaturalgas.There’surgencyhereofcourse—whichmightspeedthingsup.Butthereissomethingelsethatmightslowusdown.Itdidn'ttakemuchtomovepeopletofossilfuelstheyarerelativelyeasytoextract,relativelyeasytotransport,hugelyenergydenseandefficientand,ofcourse,cheap.Untiltheirexternalitieswereunderstood,whocouldpossiblyhaveobjected?Ourcurrenttransitionisdifferent:peopleandcompanieswillswitchnotbecausethenewsourcesareeasiertoaccess,cheaperormoreenergydensebutbecauseregulationmandatesthattheymust.Eitherway,thetruthisthatwhetherwelikeitornotourenergytransitioninvolveslongtermrelianceonfossilfuels.Thatmeansweshouldstopdemonisingthem.Instead,weshouldfocusonmakingtheirextractioncleanerandmoreefficientwhilewewaitfortheengineeringchallengesaroundarenewables-ledfuturetobe-solved.Ifwedon'tdothis—ifweallowourselvestobebeguiledbytheideathatsolarissoadvancedthatwenolongerneedfilthyfuelstohaveicecream,wewillfindthefutureheldbackbyneedlesslyexpensiveenergy—andalmostcertainlyice-creamfree.31.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyshow?A.Thenecessityfortraditionalfuels.B.Ourenthusiasmforcleanenergy.C.Theseriousnessofenergycrisis.D.UK'sdependenceondryice.32.AccordingtoMikeBemers-Lee,_____.A.wehavemoretypesofenergyonhandB.theuseofenergybecomesmoreefficientC.energytransitionisfarfrombeingrealizedD.weareclosertotheaimofreplacingfossilfuels33.Theunderlinedword“demonising”inParagraph6canbereplacedby___.,A.wastingB.devaluingC.distributingD.justifying34.Whatisthewritersattitudetowardthetransitiontorenewableenergy?A.IndifferentB.Defensive.C.Disapproving.DCautious.,第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的7个选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。Rethinkingobesity（肥胖症）Inprinciple,itsoundssimple:eatlessandmovemore.Thisdietaryadvicefordealingwithobesityhasbeenaroundfordecades.35So,whyhasn’tthisapproachloweighcontrolworked?Onepossibilityisthatwehaven'ttriedhardenough.Perhapswehavelackedthedisciplineandwillpowertomaintainhealthydietaryandexercisehabits—achallengemademoredifficulttodayforthosesurroundedbyinexpensive,tasty,highlyprocessedfoods.36InarecentpapermycolleaguesandIquestionthebasicassumptionofwhethertakinginmorecaloriesthanyouburnreallyistheprimarycauseofobesity.Wearguethatwearedriventoovereatbecausewearegettingfatter.Thekeytohowthisworksinobesityisinsulin（胰岛素）Processed.rapidlydigestiblecarbonhydrates(碳水化合物)raiseourinsulinleveltoohigh.37Afewhoursaftereatingahigh-carbmeal,thenumberofcaloriesinthebloodstreamfallssuddenly,sowegethungriersooneraftereating.Thetwoopposingviewsofcauseandeffectinobesityhaveverydifferentimplicationsforhowtopreventandtreatweightproblems.Theusualapproachfocusesonhowmuchtoeat,withprescriptions（处方）fordailycalorieintake.38Higher-fatfoodsmayhelpgetridofbodyfat.apossibilitysupportedbyclinicaltrialscomparinghigh-fatdietswithlow-fatones.Thiswayofthinkingmighthelpexplainwhycalorierestrictionusuallyfailslongbeforeapersonwithobesityapproachesanidealbodyweight.Alow-calorie,low-fatdietfurtherrestrictsanalreadylimitedsupplyofenergytothebody,worseninghungerwithoutaddressingtheunderlyingtendencytostoretoomanycaloriesinbodyfat.39Althoughmuchmoreresearchwillbeneededtotestthisidea,itistimetoquestionthebasicassumptionsaboutcauseandeffect,caloriesandweightgainthathavecontrolledourthinkingfordecades.A.Yet,worldwideobesityratesjustkeepgoingup.B.Inourview,theemphasisshouldbeplacedonwhattoeat.C.ItisimportanttocontroltheamountoffoodconsumedbyusD.Obesityisadiseasethataffects650millionadultsworldwide.E.Orperhapstheproblemisthefocuson“caloriebalance”itself.F.Weightlossbecomesabattlebetweenmindandmetabolism.G.Thiscausesfatcellstotakeintoomanycalories,leavingfewerfortherestofthebody.,第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Everyyearmoreofustryandreduceourimpactontheplanet.Arefillshop,orzerowasteshop,givesyouachoicetogogreen.Refillshopstendtobesmall,independentstoresthatsellnon-packagedgoods.Mostofthetimetheywillbedryoneslikericeandnutsproduceddirectlyinthelocalsites,whichmeanslesscarbonfootprintfromfarmtoplate.Theycanalsobemanyothersustainable(可持续的)products,likerefillcleaningproductsandsoaps.Shoppersonlyneedtobringcontainerstheyalreadyownandrefillthemfromlargercontainersinthestore.Refillandzero-wasteshopsareusuallylocatedincommunities.Buyingfromwithinwalkingdistance,clearly,ismoresustainableandkindertotheplanet,andyourcommunity.Ifyou'rewalkingdownthestreettoyourlocalrefillshop,thenyou'redoinggreatbutifyou'redrivinghoursawaytofindyourclosestshop,thenthetransportmaycanceloutanybenefitsofwhatyoubuy.Remember,it'sthewholeprocessnotjusttheendproduct.Perhapsthemostsignificantaspectofshoppingatlocalrefillshopsisthattheyencourageustothinkaboutourconsumerhabits.Theymakeuspauseandthinkabouthowwecanmakepositivechangesfortheenvironment.Ifyoucanshoplocalandfromindependentrefillshops,thenyoushould.Itdoesn'thavetobeallthetimebutminimisingwasteandchoosingrefillswhereyoucanwillmakeapositivedifference.40.Whatarerefillshops?41.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemostimportantvalueofrefillshopping?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.ARefillshopsarebuiltincommunitieswithinwalkingdistancebecausedrivingtotheseshopscancostmoney.43.Inreality,refillshopshavenotwonmuchpopularityyet.Whatdoyouthinkmightbethepossiblereason(s)?(Inabout40words)第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校来自英国的交换生Jim发邮件请你推荐一门学校特色课程。请你用英文给他回复邮件，内容包括:1.你推荐的课程；,2.你的理由。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,,北京市丰台区2021-2022学年度第二学期综合练习（一）高三英语参考答案第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，共15分)1C2B3D4A5B6C7D8B9A10C第二节(共10小题:每小睡15分，15分）11.became12.on13.rapidly14.amazing15.Tolook16.weights17.collected18.which19.wasdrawn20.what第二部分阅读理解(共两节38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分、兵28分)A:ACBB:DCACC:DDAD:ACBD七选五：AEBGF第三部分书面表达(共两节32分)第一节(共4小题:第4题2分第2题3分第43题分共12)40.Refillshopsaresmall,independentstoresthatsellnon-packagedgoods.41.Themostimportantvalueofrefillshoppingisthatitencouragesustothinkaboutourconsumerhabits.42.Accordingtothepassage,refillshopsarebuiltincommunitieswithinwalkingdistancebecausewalkingtorefillshopsisenvironmentally-friendly.43.略。第二节(20分)DearJim,Howisitgoing?I'mwritingtorecommendadistinctivecoursetoyou-ChineseKungfu.Thiscourseisperfectforyou.First,itisgreatforyouroverallhealth.ChineseKungfuinvolvesalotofbodymovements,whichcanmakeyoustrongerandmoreflexible.Itcanalsoreduceyourstressandkeepyouinarelaxedmood.What'smore,thecourseisinteractive.Duringthetraining,youcangetpositivefeedbackandlearnhowtocooperatewithothers.I'msureyoucanbenefitalotfromit.Areyoureadytogiveitago?Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua