北京市丰台区2022届高三英语下学期一模试卷（Word版附答案）

北京市丰台区2021—2022学年度第二学期综合练习高三英语本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟.考生务必格答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效.。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。笔试（共三部分100分）第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Thoughnewtermhadbegunforweeks,thenewgirlMollystillremained___1___aroundherclassmates.Nowshewassittingatthepicnictablealone.Sheseemedunsureofwhattodoorsay,yetIcouldseehereyeslongingfor___2___.Brianna,theclassclown,wasstandingneartheplaygroundmakingtheotherstudentslaugh,asusual.“Brianna,Mollylooksawfully___3___.Wouldyouinvitehertojoinus?”Isaid.Briannasighed.Icouldtellthatshewas___4___todowhatIwasaskingofher,butIalsoknewshewassosweetandkind.Ihadspecifically___5___herforthistask.Shelookedatherfriends,thenatMolly.Knowingthischoicewas___6___her,IreachedintomypocketandpulledoutaD-buck,ourclasscurrency(货币).Ineededto___7___hercooperation.“Here,I’ll___8___youforyourtime.”Sheofferedaninsinceresmile,graspedthegreenpaper,andheadedoff.Iwatchedcloselyasthegirlstalked.Whentheyfinallywalkedbacktogether,Isighedwith___9___.Aminutelater,BriannacamebackandhandedmetheD-buck.“Ishouldn’tkeepthis.”Hereyesfelltoherfeet,_____10_____radiatingfromherquietvoice.“Idon’twantMollytothinkIonlywenttogethersoIcouldearnaD-buck.She’smyfriend.”ThenBriannaskippedbacktoamuseherclassmatesagain,andwholaughedforthefirsttimethatweek?Molly.1.A.satisfiedB.surprisedC.awkwardD.ashamed 2.A.trustB.acceptanceC.understandingD.respect3.A.angryB.puzzledC.seriousD.lonely4.A.unwillingB.eagerC.determinedD.disappointed5.A.studiedB.selectedC.supportedD.examined6.A.comfortingB.warmingC.painingD.protecting7.A.considerB.permitC.checkD.ensure8.A.helpB.payC.prepareD.forgive9.A.reliefB.concernC.sorrowD.regret10.A.excitementB.courageC.guiltD.impatience【1~10题答案】【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A5.B6.C7.D8.B9.A10.C第二节（共10小题；每小题15分，共15分）A阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Spaceexplorationbeganin1957,whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.YuriGagarin____11____(become)thefirstpersontoorbit(环绕)theearthin1961.In1969,NeilArmstrongwasthefirstpersontowalk____12____themoon.Sincethen,spaceexplorationhasadvancedvery____13____(rapid).Ithasproduced,much____14____(amaze)technologythatbringschangestotheworld.【11~14题答案】【答案】11.became12.on13.rapidly14.amazingB阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Leaf-cutterantsareinteresting.____15____(look)forleaves,thelargerantsusuallygooutingroups.Theybiteofbitsofleavesandcarrythemback.Watchingtheseantsmarchinsinglefile, carryingleaves,isquiteasight.Theseantscancarryaleafthat____16____(weigh)20timesmorethantheydo.Theleaves____17____(collect)bytheantsarenotforeating.Theyarebroughtbacksofungus(真菌)cangrowonthem.Thofungusisthefoodfortheants.【15~17题答案】【答案】15.Tolook16.weighs17.collectedC阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Storyboardsareasetofdrawingstotellastoryandapowerfulwaytovisuallypresentinformation.Theoriginalstoryboards,____18____wereusedinmovie-making,showedstoriesbrokenupintopieces.Eachpieceofthestory____19____(draw)outonacardandstucktoaboardinorder.Peoplewerethenabletotalkaboutandrevisethestorybycheckingonepartatatime.Thatis____20____Iknowaboutstoryboards.【18~20题答案】【答案】18.which19.wasdrawn20.what第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADearJimO’Connor,MynameisAnnieLeandIamwritingtoyouonbehalfoftheNativeHealthCommunityGarden,agroupofpeopleworkingonstartingacommunitygardenintheMesaNeighborhood.Whilesearchingforpotentialgardenlocations,wecameacrossyourhouselocatedatWestSouthernAvenue.Weareaskingaboutthepossibilityofusingyourlandasthesiteofourgarden. Ingeneral,acommunitygardenisaspacewhereplantsaregrownandtakencareofbyagroupofpeopleinthecommunity.Communitygardensimprovethequalityoflife,offermorechancestotalktoeachotherandbeautifyneighborhoodswhileprovidinggreenfoodandthereforereducingthehouseholdcostoffood.Toensurethesmoothrunningoftheproject,electedvolunteerswouldbeincharge.Youwouldhaveaccesstoallthesevolunteersandtheywouldliketoansweranyquestionsyoumayhave.Ihaveincludedsomegeneralinformationaboutcommunitygardensandwhattheycanbringtoacommunity.Wewouldlovetospeakwithyouinpersonoroverthephonetodiscusswhathostingcommunitygardenonyourlandwouldinvolve.Issuesmayincludediscussinganagreementrentalcharges,gardenrules,andwateraccess.Allthecostsfortheprojectwillbecoveredbyus.Wewouldalsoliketopresenttoyouourvisionofthisspace.Wewouldverymuchliketohaveyoursupport.Thankyouforyourconsiderationandpleasefeelfreetocontactme.Thankyouagain.Respectfully,AnnieLe21.WhydidAnnieLewritetoJimO’Connor.A.Torenthisland.B.Toofferhimajob.CToinvitehimtojoinhergroup.D.Toinformhimofthecommunitygarden.22.Accordingtothepassage,whatwillthegardenbringtothecommunity?A.Moregreenprojects.B.Lesswaterpollution.C.Morecommunication.D.Highercostofliving23.AnnieLewouldliketofurtherdiscuss______.A.servicecostB.cooperationdetailsC.gardeningskillsD.communitydevelopment【21~23题答案】【答案】21.A22.C23.BB Localbarber(理发师)goesaboveandbeyondforalittleboy“Thatdaystartedallwrong,”LaQuistaErinnasaid.“Andweforgothisheadphones.Wewererunninglate,trafficwashorrible,soIknewitwasgoingtobedifficultthatday.”WhenErinnaandhersonfinallyarrivedattheirappointment,itseemedliketherewasnoway6-year-oldJackson,aboywithautism(自闭症),wouldbegettinghishaircut.“Hejustimmediatelygotanxious,”Erinnaexplained.“UsuallyIhavetodosomecoachingtogethiminthechair.Hewillputonhisheadphones,andwepowerthrough.”ErinnasaidJacksonisatypicallittleboywholovestoplayandlovesart.Butsometaskscanbesensoryoverload,andhaircutsareoneofthem.ThestresswassointenseformomandsonthatalmosttwoyearswentbybeforeJacksongotanotherhaircut.Butthistime,hewasinthehandsofRee,thebarber,andthingsweregettingeasier.ReenoticedhisSuperMarioBrosshirtandtoldhimthatheneededtosaveMariobymakingsurenohairgotonhim.Shecuthishairwhilehemovedandranaroundtheshop.Shetalkedtohimthroughouttheentireprocess,encouraginghimandremindinghimaboutprotectingMariotokeephimengaged.“Itjusttouchedmesomuch,”Erinnasaid:“Shenurturedthatrelationship.Shegainedhistrust.”“IfeelgoodIcangoaboveandbeyondforachild,”Reesaid.“Iknowchildrenwanttobefree.TheywanttoexpressthemselvessoItrytofindadifferentstrategytomakethemfeelcomfortable”Jackson’ssmiletoldtherestofthestory.Erinnawasverymovedbyherson’shaircut.Shesharedavideoonline,whichhasgottenmillionsofviews.Giventhehugeresponse,ErinnaalsosetupaspecialGoFundMetosupportReetomakesureshe’sabletocontinuetoworkandreplaceanylostincomefromtheimpactofthepandemic(流行病).24.WhatusuallyhelpedtocalmJacksonduringhaircuts?A.Hismother’strust.B.Hisartbooks.C.Hisbarber’sencouragement.D.Hisheadphones25.HowdidReesucceedincuttingJackson’shair?A.ByinspringhimtobebraveB.Bycooperatingwithhismother. C.Byturningthehaircutintoagame.D.BytellingstoriesaboutSuperMario.26.ToexpressthankstoRee,Erinna______.A.raisedmoneytosupportherBadvertisedherhaircuttingskillsC.gothaircutsathershopregularlyD.postedphotosofJackson’shaircutonline27.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeRee?A.Kindandhonest.B.Caringandgenerous.C.Patientandcreative.D.Confidentandfriendly.【24~27题答案】【答案】24.D25.C26.A27.CCThepeoplewhohappentobeinacitycenteratanygivenmomentmayseemlikearandomcollectionofindividuals.Butnewresearchfeaturingasimplemathematicallawshowsthaturbantravelpatternsworldwideare,infact,predictabledespitelocation.Researchersdiscoveredwhatisknownasaninversesquarerelation(平方反比关系)betweenthenumberofpeopleinagivenurbanlocationandthedistancetheytraveledtogetthere,aswellashowfrequentlytheymadethetrip.Itmayseemintuitive(直觉的)thatpeoplevisitnearbylocationsfrequentlyanddistantoneslessso,butthenewlydiscoveredrelationaccuratelypredicts,forinstance,thatthenumberofpeoplecomingfromtwokilometersawayfivetimesperweekwillbethesameasthenumbercomingfromfivekilometerstwiceaweek.Theresearchersanalyzeddatafromabouteightmillionpeoplebetween2006and2013insixurbanlocations.Thisstudyfocusedonlocationsandexaminedhowmanypeoplewerevisiting,fromhowfarandhowrequently.Theresearchersfoundthatalltheuniquechoicespeoplemake—fromdroppingkidsatschooltoshopping-obeythisinversesquarelaw.Oneexplanationforthisstrongstatisticalpatteristhattravelingrequirestimeandenergy,andpeoplehavelimitedresourcesforit.Atthecoreistheeffortthatpeoplearewillingtoinvest collectivelytotraveltocertainlocations,tryingtooptimizetheirdays.Understandingthesepatternsisimportantnotonlyforplanningtheplacementofnewshoppingcentersorpublictransportationbutalsoformodelingdiseasetransmissionwithincities,saysKathleenStewart,ageographerandmobilityresearcher.Manyresearchersestimatetravelwith“gravitymodels”,whichassumethatmovementbetweencitiesisproportional(成比例的)totheirpopulationsizes.Butthesemodelsdonotaccountfortravelpatterswithincites—informationthatisparticularlycriticalindealingwithdiseasetransmissionEpidemiologist(流行病学家)SamScarpinosaysmodelsbasedonthisnewfindingmightbettertrackthatflow.“Thoseorganizationalpatternshavereallyprofound(深远的)implicationsonhowCOVIDwillspread,”Scarpinosays.Inasmallerrurallocation,wheremanypeopleregularlygotothesamegrocerystore,theentiretownwillexperiencesharppeaksofinfectionsasthevirussweepsthroughthecommunity.Butinabiggercity,thespreadtakeslongerheexplains,becauseminiepidemicscanoccurineachneighborhoodsomewhatseparately.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“optimize”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keeparecordof.C.Thinkbackon.D.Makethemostof.29.Whydoestheauthormention“gravitymodels”inParagraph6?A.Tointroducethetravelpatternswithincities.B.Tostresstheimportanceoftrackingdiseases.C.Tocomparetheurbanandruralinfectionrates.D.Toshowtheadvantageoftheinversesquarelaw.30.Whichofthefollowingcanbesupportedbythenewlydiscoveredlaw?A.Diseasesspreadfasterinruralareasthanbigcities.B.Tripdistanceseldominfluencespeople’stravelchoices.C.Epidemicsarehardertodiscoverinbigcitiesthaninruralareas,D.Cityresidentsarelikelytomakefrequenttripstoadistantplace.【28~30题答案】【答案】28.D29.D30.A DEarlierthisweektheonlineUKsupermarketOcadotolditscustomersthatithad“limitedability”todelivericeream.Why?Becausethepriceofnaturalgashasincreasedgreatly,whichhashitthesupplyofCO2intheUK.Andthathasledtoacutinthesupplyofdryicethatsupermarketsusetokeepfoodcoolintheirdeliveryvans(小型货车).Sonoicecream.Thisminicrisishasbeenfairlyquicklyresolve,fornowatleast.However,thatdoesn’tmeanyoushouldn’tworry.Thisincidentservesasatimelyreminderofjusthowreliantweareonfossilfuels.Despiteouroptimisticenthusiasmforwindandsolarpower,onewayoranotheroilandgasuseisshotthrougheverypartofoureconomicandsociallives.Thatwillbethecaseformanydecadestocome.InhisrecentlyupdatedbookThereisNoPlanetB,MikeBerners-Leelaysoutthechallenge.Whenwetalkaboutshiftingfromfossilfuelstocleanenergyofonekindoranother,wearen’tdiscussingtakingtheamountofenergyweusenowandproducingthatamountinadifferentway.Instead,ourtargetisalwaysonthemove.Themoreenergywecangetourhandson,themoreweuse—evenifouruseofitbecomesmoreefficient.Energyusageisgoingtokeeprising,whileenergytransitions(转变)tendtobothtakeaverylongtimeandneveractuallyend.Wejustpilenewsourcesontopofold.Theworldstillusesmuchthesameamountoftraditionalbiomass(woodetc)asitdid100yearsago.Wearerunningtostandstill.Thiswillchange.Butnotasfastasyoumightliketothink.In2019,33percentofournewpowergenerationneedsweremetbyrenewableenergy.That’sastart.But40percentweremetbynaturalgas.There’surgencyhereofcourse—whichmightspeedthingsup.Butthereissomethingelsethatmightslowusdown.Itdidn’ttakemuchtomovepeopletofossilfuels—theyarerelativelyeasytoextract,relativelyeasytotransport,hugelyenergydenseandefficientand,ofcourse,cheap.Untiltheirexternalitieswereunderstood,whocouldpossiblyhaveobjected?Ourcurrenttransitionisdifferent:peopleandcompanieswillswitchnotbecausethenewsourcesareeasiertoaccess,cheaperormoreenergydensebutbecauseregulationmandatesthattheymust.Eitherway,thetruthisthatwhetherwelikeitornotourenergytransitioninvolveslongtermrelianceonfossilfuels.Thatmeansweshouldstopdemolishingthem.Instead,weshouldfocusonmakingtheirextractioncleanerandmoreefficientwhilewewaitfortheengineeringchallengesaroundarenewables-ledfuturetobesolved. Ifwedon’tdothis—ifweallowourselvestobebeguiledbytheideathatsolarissoadvancedthatwenolongerneedfilthyfuelstohaveicecream,we,willfindthefutureheldbackbyneedlesslyexpensiveenergy—andalmostcertainlyice-creamfree.31.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyshow?A.Thenecessityfortraditionalfuels.B.Ourenthusiasmforcleanenergy.C.Theseriousnessofenergycrisis.D.UK’sdependenceondryice.32.AccordingtoMikeBerners-Lee,______.A.wehavemoretypesofenergyonhandB.theuseofenergybecomesmoreefficientC.energytransitionisfarfrombeingrealizedDweareclosertotheaimofreplacingfossilfuels33.Theunderlinedword“demolising”inParagraph6canbereplacedby______.A.wastingB.devaluingC.distributingD.justifying34.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardthetransitiontotherenewableenergy?A.Indifferent.B.Defensive.C.Disapproving.D.Cautious.【31~34题答案】【答案】31.A32.C33.A34.D第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。RethinkingObesity(肥胖症)Inprinciple,itsoundssimple:eatlessandmovemore.Thisdietaryadvicefordealingwithobesityhasbeenaroundfordecades.____35____Sowhyhasn’tthisapproachtoweightcontrolworked? Onepossibilityisthatwehaven’ttriedhardenough.Perhapswehavelackedthedisciplineandwillpowertomaintainhealthydietaryandexercisehabits—achallengemademoredifficulttodayforthosesurroundedbyinexpensive,tastyhighlyprocessedfoods.____36____Inarecentpaper,mycolleaguesandIquestionthebasicassumptionofwhethertakinginmorecaloriesthanyouburnreallyistheprimarycauseofobesity.Wearguethatwearedriventoovereatbecausewearegettingfatter.Thekeytohowthisworksinobesityisinsulin(胰岛素)processed,rapidlydigestiblecarbohydrates(碳水化合物食品)raiseourinsulinleveltoohigh.____37____Afewhoursaftereatingahigh-carbmeal,thenumberofcaloriesinthebloodstreamfallssuddenly,sowegethungriersooneraftereating.Thetwoopposingviewsofcauseandeffectinobesityhaveverydifferentimplicationsforhowtopreventandtreatweightproblems.Theusualapproachfocusesonhowmuchtoeat,withprescriptions(处方)fordailycalorieintake.____38____Higher-fatfoodsmayhelpgetridofbodyfat,apossibilitysupportedbyclinicaltrialscomparinghigh-fatdietswithlow-fatones.Thiswayofthinkingmighthelpexplainwhycalorierestrictionusuallyfailslongbeforeapersonwithobesityapproachesanidealbodyweight.Alow-calorie,low-fatdietfurtherrestrictsanalreadylimitedsupplyofenergytothebody,worseninghungerwithoutaddressingtheunderlyingtendencytostoretoomanycaloriesinbodyfat.____39____Althoughmuchmoreresearchwillbeneededtotestthisidea,itistimetoquestionthebasicassumptionsaboutcauseandeffectcaloriesandweightgainthathavecontrolledourthinking.A.Yet,worldwideobesityratesjustkeepgoingup.B.Inourviewtheemphasisshouldbeplaceaonwhattoeat.C.Itisimportanttocontroltheamountoffoodconsumedbyus.D.Obesityisadiseasethataffects650millionadultsworldwide.E.Orperhapstheproblemisthefocuson“caloriebalance”itself.F.Weightlossbecomesabattlebetweenmindandmetabolism(新陈代谢).G.Thiscausesfatcellstotakeintomanycalories,leavingfewerfortherestofthebody.【35~39题答案】【答案】35A36.E37.G38.B39.F 第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区城作答。Everyyearmoreofustryandreduceourimpactontheplanet.Arefillshop,orzerowasteshop,givesyouachoicetogogreen.Refillshopstendtobesmall,independentstoresthatsellnon-packagedgoods.Mostofthetimetheywillbedryoneslikericeandnutsproduceddirectlyinthelocalsites,whichmeanslesscarbonfootprintfromfarmtoplate.Theycanalsobemanyothersustainable(可持续的)products,likerefillcleaningproductsandsoaps.Shoppersonlyneedtobringcontainerstheyalreadyownandrefillthemfromlargercontainersinthestore.Refillandzero-wasteshopsareusuallylocatedincommunities.Buyingfromwithinwalkingdistance,clearly,ismoresustainableandkindertotheplanet,andyourcommunity.Ifyou’rewalkingdownthestreettoyourlocalrefillshop.thenyou’redoinggreatbutifyou’redrivinghoursawaytofindyourclosestshop,thenthetransportmaycanceloutanybenefitsofwhatyoubuy.Remember,it’sthewholeprocessnotjusttheendproduct.Perhapsthemostsignificantaspectofshoppingatlocalrefillshopsisthattheyencourageustothinkaboutourconsumerhabits.Theymakeuspauseandthinkabouthowwecanmakepositivechangesfortheenvironment.Ifyoucanshoplocalandfromindependentrefillshops,thenyoushould.Itdoesn’thavetobeallthetimebutminimisingwasteandchoosingrefillswhereyoucanwillmakeapositivedifference.40.Whatarerefillshops?41.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemostimportantvalueofrefillshopping?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Refillshopsarebuiltincommunitieswithinwalkingdistancebecausedrivingtotheseshopscancostmonev43.Inreality,refillshopshavenotwonmuchpopularityyet.Whatdoyouthinkmightbethepossiblereason(s)?(Inabout40words)【40~43题答案】【答案】40.Refillshopsaresmall,independentstoresthatsellnon-packagedgoods. 41.Themostimportantvalueofrefillshoppingisthatitcncouragesustothinkaboutourconsumerhabits.42.Accordingtothepassage,refillshopsarebuiltincommunitieswithinwalkingdistancebecausewalkingtorefillshopsisenvironmentally-friendly.43.言之有理即可。第二节（20分）44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校来自英因的交换生Jim发邮件请你推荐一门学校特色课程：请你用英文给他回复邮件，内容包括：1.你推荐的课程；2.你的理由。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数，DearJim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【44题答案】【答案】DearJim,Howisitgoing?I’mwritingtorecommendadistinctivecoursetoyou—ChineseKungfu.Thiscourseisperfectforyou.First,itisgreatforyouroverallhealth.ChineseKungfuinvolvesalotofbodymovements,whichcanmakeyoustrongerandmoreflexible.Itcanalsoreduceyourstressandkeepyouinarelaxedmood.What’smore,thecourseisinteractive.Duringthetraining,youcangetpositivefeedbackandlearnhowtocooperatewithothers.I’msureyoucanbenefitalotfromit.Areyoureadytogiveitago?Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua