上海市虹口区2022届高三英语一模试题（Word版带解析）

虹口区2021学年度第一学期期终学生学习能力诊断测试高三英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Colleagues.B.Classmates.C.Motherandson.D.Employerandemployee.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Joe,whatareyoudoingonyourcomputer?Don’tyourememberyourpromise?M:Thisisnotagame.It’sonlyacrosswordpuzzlethathelpsincreasemyvocabulary.Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Sheisnotfeelingverywelltoday.B.Shethinksthattheweatherispleasant.C.Shehasbeenstayingupquitelaterecently. D.Shehasbeenworkinghardfortoolongatime.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:Youlookwornout.Areyoufeelingundertheweather?W:Notatall.ButIhavebeeninthechemistrylabforfivehours.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Lucyisnothappywiththebanonpetanimals.B.Lucymightaswellsendherdogtoherrelative.C.Lucywon’tbeabletokeepadoginthebuilding.D.Lucyshouldgetridofherpetassoonaspossible.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Lucyisgoingtogetalittledogfromoneofherrelatives.M:Really？ButIhearherapartmentisabouttoplaceabanonpetanimals.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatdoesthemanimplyaboutPaul?A.Heislikelytohelp.B.Hehasalreadyaskedforhelp.C.Hewasthelastonetousethecomputer.D.Hedoesnotknowalotaboutcomputers.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:IthoughtPaulmightbeabletohelpmefigureoutthecomputerprogram.M:PaulisaboutthelastpersonI’daskifIwereyou.Q:WhatdoesthemanimplyaboutPaul?5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Hewillcontinuetoworkinthegardenhimself. B.Theyshouldfinishtheworkassoonaspossible.C.Heistiredofdoinggardeningonweekends.D.Theycanhireagardenertodothework.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Ihonestlydon’twanttocontinuethegardeningtomorrow.M:NeitherdoI.ButIthinkIshouldgetitoverwithinthisweekend.6.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Theywillraisetheissueintheirpresentation.B.Theywillfindmorerelevantinformationfortheirwork.C.Theywillmakeuseofwhateverinformationisavailable.D.Theywillputmoreeffortsintopreparingforthepresentation.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Idon’tthinkwehaveenoughinformationforourpresentation,butwehavetogiveittomorrow.Theredoesn’tseemtobemuchwecandoaboutit.M:Yeah,atthispointwe’llhavetomakedowithwhatwe’vegot.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Hedidnottakethesymptomsofhisillnessseriously.B.Hewasnotawareofhisillnessuntildiagnosedwithit.C.Heisanxioustofindacureforhishighbloodpressure.D.Hedoesn’tthinkhighbloodpressureisaproblemforhim.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Howdidyoufeelwhenyoufoundoutyouhadhighbloodpressure?M:Shocked!Theproblemformewasthattherewerenosymptoms.Itseemedtohavestruckmesuddenly. Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?8.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Dr.Johnsonmaynotbeagoodchoice.B.Dr.Johnson’swaitingroomisnottidy.C.Dr.Johnsonenjoysreadingmagazines.D.Dr.Johnsonisreallyagooddentist.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Ineedtofindadentist.YousaidyouknowDr.Johnsonwell.Doyourecommendhim?W:Well,Ihaveseenhimafewtimes,butwhatimpressedmemostwerethemagazinesinhiswaitingroom.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Itisn’tagoodideatobuytheT-shirt.B.TheprintingonherT-shirthasfaded.C.Itisn’tinfashiontohavealogoonaT-shirt.D.SheregretshavingboughtoneoftheT-shirts.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:IthinkI’llgetoneofthosenewT-shirts,youknow,withtheschool’slogoonboththefrontandback.W:You’llregretit.Theyareexpensive,andI’veheardtheprintingfadeseasilywhenyouwashthem.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Hehasbeenbumpingalongforhours.B.Heistrappedinaterribletrafficjam. C.Heisinvolvedinaseriousaccident.D.Hehasgotasharppainintheneck.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Carshadlinedupcartocar.AndI’vebeenheldupontheexpresswayforanhour.W:Really?Itmustbeapainintheneck.Butbepatient,anyway.Youcandonothingbutwait.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.A.Realartistworksinthepast.B.Popularityofsecondhandbooks.C.Arealbargaininlocalbookstores.D.Anewfashionaboutsecondhandgoods.12.A.Theymadefurniturenotformakingmoney.B.Theysellsecondhandjewelsaswellasfurniture.C.Theywereseriousaboutmakingfurnitureforfashion.D.Theydevotedthemselvestocreatingrealartisticworks.13.A.Peopleappreciatetherealcraftsoftheoldcraftsmen.B.Secondhandgoodsareusuallygoodyetnotexpensive.C.Secondhandstoreswillbecomelessandlessinthefuture.D.Secondhandgoodsaremorevaluablethanapartmenthouses. 【答案】11.D12.D13.A【解析】【原文】Searchingforsecondhandgoodsisnolongerregardedasashamefulthing.Nowadays,manypeopleinShanghaienjoythefunofwanderingaboutthecityintheirsparetimetohuntforsomethingvaluable.Lookingforusedgoodshasbecomeafashion.Inthepast,craftsmenwereseriousaboutmakingfurniture.Sincetheywerenotkeenonseekingwealth,theycouldsettledowntomakerealartisticworks.Nowonderpeoplenowadayslovetheirproducts.Insidersestimatethatthereareatleast50to60storesinShanghaithatsellusedgoods.Apartfromfurniturestores,businessofstoresthatsellsecondhandjewelsboomsaswell.Recently,bookstoresthatsellsecondhandbookshavereappearedinShanghai.SomebooksweremadeduringthelateQingDynastywhileotherbooksduringthe1980s.Peoplefloodintothesebookstorestolookforbooksthataregoodyetnotexpensive.ManyShanghainese,afterspendingbigmoneyforanexpensiveapartmenthouse,liketodecoratetheirnewhousesinanoldstyle.Thesehousesmightappearmodernfromtheoutside,butonceyouwalkin,youwillfindthatitisfullofoldthingswithastrongatmosphererelatingtothepast.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.A.Acharacterinapopularanimation.B.Acutting-edgeappindigitalgames.C.Ateachingtoolunderdevelopment.D.Atutorforcomputersciencestudents.15.A.Theyencouragethemtogiveimmediatefeedback.B.Theyusevariouswaystoexplainthematerials.C.Theyaskthemtodesigntheirownquestions.D.Theymotivatethemtothinkindependently.16.A.Theirsenseofresponsibility.B.Theiremotionalinvolvement. C.Thelearningstrategyacquired.D.Theteachingexperiencegained.【答案】14.C15.B16.B【解析】【原文】Researchershavefoundthatstudentswhotutorothersworkhardertounderstandthematerial,recallitmoreaccuratelyandapplyitmoreeffectively.Studentteachersscorehigheronteststhanpupilswhoarelearningonlyfortheirownsake.Buthowcanchildren,stilllearningthemselves,teachothers?Oneansweristhattheycantutoryoungerkids.Noweducatorsareexperimentingwithanewwaytoapplythismodeltoacademicsubjects.Thecutting-edgetoolunderdevelopmentisthe“teachableagent”—acomputerizedcharacterwholearns,tries,makesmistakesandasksquestionsjustlikeareal-worldpupil.ComputerscientistshavecreatedananimatedfigurecalledBetty’sBrain,whohasbeen“taught”aboutenvironmentalsciencebyhundredsofmiddleschoolstudents.StudentteachersaremotivatedtohelpBettymastercertainmaterials.Whilepreparingtoteach,theyorganizetheirknowledgeandimprovetheirownunderstanding.Andastheyexplaintheinformationtoit,theyidentifyproblemsintheirownthinking.Feedbackfromtheteachableagentsfurtherenhancesthetutors’learning.Theagents’questionsobligestudenttutorstothinkandexplainthematerialsindifferentways,andwatchingtheagentsolveproblemsallowsthemtoseetheirknowledgeputintoaction.Aboveall,it’stheemotionsoneexperiencesinteachingthatfacilitatelearning.Studenttutorsfeelupsetwhentheirteachableagentsfail,buthappywhenthesevirtualpupilssucceedastheyobtainprideandsatisfactionfromsomeoneelse’saccomplishment.(Nowlistenagain,please.)Questions:14.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?15.Whatmuststudenttutorsdototeachtheirteachableagents?16.Whatisthekeyfactorthateasesstudenttutors’learning?听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.A.Theyarebothworriedaboutthenegativeimpactoftechnology. B.Theydiffergreatlyintheirknowledgeofmoderntechnology.C.TheydisagreeaboutthefutureofAItechnology.D.TheyworkindifferentfieldsofAItechnology.18.A.Stimulatingandmotivating.B.SimplywritingAIsoftware.C.Moredemandingandrequiringspecialtraining.D.Lesstime-consumingandfocusingoncreation.19.A.Therecouldbejobsnobodywantstodo.B.Digitallifecouldreplacehumancivilization.C.Humanswouldbetiredofcommunicatingwithoneanother.D.Old peoplewouldbetakencareofsolelybyunfeelingrobots.20.A.Itwillbesmarterthanhumanbeings.B.Chipswillbeinsertedinhumanbrains.C.Itwilltakeawayhumans’jobsaltogether.D.Lifewillbecomelikeasciencefictionfilm.【答案】17.C18.D19.B20.A【解析】【原文】W:Howdoyoufeelaboutthefutureoftheartificialintelligence?Personally,Ifeelquiteoptimisticaboutit.M:AI?I’mnotsooptimisticactually.Infact,it’ssomethingweshouldbeconcernedabout.W:Well,itwillhelpushumansunderstandourselvesbetter.Andwhenwehaveabetterunderstandingofourselves,wecanimprovetheworld.M:Well,onethingisforsure,technologyisevolvingfasterthanourabilitytounderstandit.AndinthefutureAIwillmakejobskindofmeaningless.W:Ithinkartificialintelligencewillactuallyhelpcreatenewkindsofjobs,whichwouldrequirelessofourtimeandallowustofocusoncreativetasks.M:Idoubtthatverymuch.ProbablythelastjobthatwillremainwillbewritingAIsoftware.Andthen eventuallyAIwilljustwriteitsownsoftware.W:Atthattimewearegoingtohavealotofjobs,whichnobodywillwanttodo.Sowewillneedartificialintelligencefortherobotstotakecareoftheoldguyslikeus.M:Idon’tknow.There’sariskthathumancivilizationcouldbereplacedbyasuperiortypeofdigitallife.AIwillbeabletocompletelyimitateapersonineverywaypossible.Infact,somepeoplethinkwe’reinanimitationrightnow.W:That’simpossible.Humanscan’tevenmakeamosquito.Computersonlyhavechips.Peoplehavebrains.Andthat’swherethewisdomcomesfrom.M:Onceit’sfullydeveloped,AIwillbecometiredoftryingtocommunicatewithhumansaswewouldbemuchslowerthinkersincomparison.W:Well,I’mnotsosure.Acomputerisacomputerandacomputerisjustatoy.M:Computerscaneasilycommunicateincrediblyfast.Sothecomputerwilljustgetimpatienttalkingtohumans,andit’llbebarelygettinganyinformationout.W:Well,Ibelievethere’sabrightfuturewithAI.Ialsothinkyouwatchtoomanyscience-fictionfilms.(Nowlistenagain,please.)Questions:17.Whatcanwelearnaboutthespeakersfromtheconversation?18.Whatwillnewkindsofjobsbelikeaccordingtothewoman?19.Whatistheriskthemanpredicts?20.Whatistheman’sconcernaboutAItechnology?II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.SomethingtoBoastaboutAreyourinformationdatasafeandreliable?Inanidealworldsuchdata,howeverinformativeandexploratorytheyare,____21____ascientificstudyisbasedonshouldbe,ifnotpubliclyavailable,thenatleastavailabletoother researchers.Sadly,thisisnotalwaysthecase.Manyscientistsarestillquiteunwillingtohavetheirdatarevealedthoughattitudesarechanging.Thisattitude,____22____selfish,isunderstandable.Butsometimesitcancoveradarkersecret.Thestatisticspresentedinapapermayhavebeencontrolledtoachieveadesiredresult.Theauthormay,inotherwords,havecheated.Ifhereleasesthedata,thatcheatingwillbeobvious.NowSeanWilnerandhiscolleagues____23____(come)upwithawayofreconstructingallthepossibledatasetsthatcouldhavegivenrisetothatresult,whichincludes____24____(release)thedata.AndtheycallthewayCORVIDS(CompleteRecoveryofValuesinDiophantineSystems).____25____(simplify)thetaskofspottingabnormaldata,CORVIDSturnsthepossibledatasetsintoathree-dimensional(三维的)chart.Thismakesanyunusualpatternsapparent.Forexample,every____26____(reconstruct)datasetmaybemissingvaluesatoneendofthescale.Thatmightmakesenseoccasionally.Generally,though,suchagapwouldbearedflag.Itwouldsuggesteitherthatthestatisticswerereportedincorrectlyor____27____therewereproblemswiththefundamentaldata.CORVIDSislikelytobe____28____immediatevaluetoeditorsandreviewersatacademicjournals,whowillbeabletospotproblemswithpapersearly,andsodiscussthemwiththeauthors.Ifanunresolvableproblem____29____showup,thenthetechniquecanbeappliedtopreviousworkbytheauthorinquestion,toseeifanythingsystematicisgoingon.Butitsspeedmakesitausefulfirststep.Ifthedatasets____30____findsdonotshowanystrangepatterns,CORVIDSisunlikelytoshowoddness,either.Anyway,thetrustworthinessofscientificpaperswilltakeastepupwithCORVIDS.【答案】21.as22.though##although23.havecome24.releasing25.Tosimplify26.reconstructed27.that28.of29.does30.it【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。针对许多科研人员不愿意公开他们的数据从而容易导致发表的论文中的数据和结果不可靠的现象，肖恩·威尔纳和他的同事们想出了一种叫做CORVIDS的方法。文章对此方法进行了介绍和说明。【21题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在一个理想的世界里，这些数据，无论其信息量和探索性如何，作为一项科学研究的基础，如果不能公开获得，那么至少也可以提供给其他研究人员。定语从句“ascientificstudyisbasedon”中缺少介词on的宾语，且先行词data被such修饰，所以应用关系代词as引导。故填as。【22题详解】考查连词。句意：这种态度虽然自私，但可以理解。根据selfish和understandable可知，前后构成转折关系，所以此处应用连词though或although表示“尽管”引导让步状语从句，从句中省略了“itis”。故填though/although。【23题详解】考查现在完成时。句意：现在肖恩·威尔纳和他的同事们已经想出了一种方法来重建所有可能产生这种结果的数据集，包括发布数据。根据后文“AndtheycallthewayCORVIDS”(他们称之为CORVIDS)可知，此处是指已经想出了一种方法，表示动作发生在过去但对现在产生了影响或结果，所以应用现在完成时。故填havecome。【24题详解】考查动名词。句意：现在肖恩·威尔纳和他同事们已经想出了一种方法来重建所有可能产生这种结果的数据集，包括发布数据。在动词includes后作宾语应用release的动名词形式。故填releasing。【25题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了简化发现异常数据的任务，CORVIDS将可能的数据集转换为三维图表。CORVIDS将可能的数据集转换为三维图表的目的是简化发现异常数据的任务，所以此处应用todo不定式表目的。句首首字母应大写。故填Tosimplify。【26题详解】考查过去分词。句意：例如，每个重构数据集可能在标度的一端缺失值。名词data和动词reconstruct构成被动关系，且根据“maybemissingvaluesatoneendofthescale”可知，动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作定语。故填reconstructed。【27题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：这可能表明统计数据报告不正确，或者基本数据存在问题。从句“therewereproblemswiththefundamentaldata”作动词suggest宾语，为宾语从句，不缺少主语、宾语或表语，也不缺少意义，所以应用连接词that引导。故填that。【28题详解】考查介词。句意：CORVIDS可能对学术期刊的编辑和审稿人有直接的价值，他们将能够及早发现论文中的问题，并与作者进行讨论。根据“whowillbeabletospotproblemswithpapersearly,andsodiscussthemwiththeauthors”可知，此处是指CORVIDS可能对学术期刊的编辑和审稿人有直接的价值，应用“of+抽象名词”作表语，“of+抽象名词”相当于形容词，即“ofvalue”相当于valuable。故填of。【29题详解】考查助动词。句意：如果一个无法解决的问题的确出现了，那么这项技术可以应用到有问题的作者之前的工作中，看看是否有任何系统性的东西正在进行。主语problem为第三人称单数，且根据“thenthetechniquecanbeappliedtopreviousworkbytheauthorinquestion”可知，此处为一般现在时，所以应用助动词does强调谓语。故填does。【30题详解】考查人称代词。句意：如果发现的数据集没有显示任何奇怪的模式，那么CORVIDS也不太可能显示奇怪的模式。根据“CORVIDSisunlikelytoshowoddness,either”可知，此处是指CORVIDS发现的数据集，所以应用人称代词it代指CORVIDS。“itfinds”为定语从句，修饰先行词“thedatasets”，因为关系代词在从句中充当宾语，所以省略了关系代词。故填it。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.genuinelyB.pocketC.mass-producedD.seeminglyE.inspirationF.familiarizeG.groupH.encounterI.customaryJ.symbolicK.motivationADeeperMeaningbehindSouvenirs“Nobodysitsusdownandtellsustocollectobjectswhenwe’reyoung,”writesRolfPotts,“it’sjustsomethingwedo,asawayto____31____ourselveswiththeworld,itspossibilities,andourplaceinit.”Fewofuswouldcallourselvescollectors,butmosttravelers____32____aseashellfroma vacation,orbringakeychain.AsMr.Pottsnotesinabookcalled“Souvenir,”thereismoretothis____33____simplepracticethanmeetstheeye.Foronething,itcandatebacktotheoldestdescribedjourneys,soit’sa____34____practicethatgoesbackthousandsofyears.Andacademicresearchershaveclassifiedsouvenirs--even____35____itemslike“ILoveNewYork”T-shirtsandplasticminiaturesofMichelangelo’sDavid--intovariouscategories,likelyunknowntomanytravelers.Whichcategoriesdothethingswe’veboughtorfoundinourtravelsfallinto?Further,what’s____36____behindourneedtobringhomesouvenirs?Overtime,intellectualcuriositybecamethedriving____37____forpersonaltravel.Yetevenastravelersbegancollectinghistoricalandscientificsouvenirs,notjustreligiousitems,thethingstheybroughthomestoodforfeelingsforholyobjects.Scholars____38____thesesouvenirsintodifferentbuckets,including“markers”(locationbrandeditemslikeT-shirtsandteacups),“pictorialimages”(postcardsandposters),and“____39____landmarks”(forexample,StatueofLibertykeychains),withthelattertwocategoriessymbolizing,thoughnotexclusiveto,masstourism.Intheend,“Souvenir”suggeststhatitsmeaningisnotfixedbecauseitsimportancetotheownercanchangeovertimeandthatitssignificanceiscloselyrelatedtothetraveler’sidentity.Mr.Pottshimselfhashadplentyofsouvenirs,thingsthatremindhimnotmerelyoftheplaceshe’sbeenandtheextraordinary_____40_____betweenhimandlocalpeople,butofformerlifephases.“Whenwecollectsouvenirs,”hewrites,“wedosonottoevaluatetheworld,buttotelltheself.”【答案】31.F32.B33.D34.I35.C36.A37.K38.G39.J40.H【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主题是纪念品背后的深层含义。它的意义不是固定的，因为它对主人的重要性会随着时间的推移而改变，它的重要性与旅行者的身份密切相关。【31题详解】考查动词。句意：这只是我们做的事情，让我们自己熟悉这个世界，它的可能性，以及我们在其中的位置。分析句子，本句中涉及短语awaytodo（一个做某事的方式），可知本空填动 词原形。结合句意“让我们自己熟悉这个世界”可知familiarize（使…熟悉）符合句意。故选F项。【32题详解】考查动词。句意：我们中很少有人会自称为收藏家，但大多数旅行者都会在度假时带上一个贝壳，或者带上钥匙链。分析句子结构，but连接转折关系的并列句。本句主语是mosttravelers，设空处为本句谓语动词。根据前面的“call”可知句子时态是一般现在时态。主语是复数形式，谓语动词为动词原形。“pocket”把…放进衣袋，符合语境。故选B项。【33题详解】考查副词。句意：正如波茨先生在一本名为《纪念品》的书中所指出的那样，这种看似简单的做法远远不像人们初看到的那么简单。前面是As引导的定语从句，本句therebe结构是主句，结合句意，这不仅仅是看似简单的做法。seemingly副词修饰形容词simple这个形容词作状语。故选D项。【34题详解】考查形容词。句意：首先，它可以追溯到最古老的旅程，因此这是一种可以追溯到几千年前的习惯做法。分析句子，so引导的句子中主语是it，be动词后面的名词practice（做法）是句子表语，设空处应填入形容词作定语修饰practice，结合句意“习惯做法”可知，customary（习惯的）符合语境。故选I项。【35题详解】考查形容词。句意：学术研究人员已经将纪念品——甚至是大规模生产的项目——比如“我爱纽约”T恤衫和米开朗基罗的大卫的塑料微缩画——分类为不同的类别，可能很多旅行者都不知道。分析句子，设空处后面的名词“items”（商品，项目）前面缺修饰词，根据句意“大规模生产的项目”可知mass-produced（大量生产的）符合语境。故选C项。36题详解】考查副词。句意：此外，我们带纪念品回家的真正原因是什么？分析句子，本句是what引导的特殊疑问句，结合句意，设空处填genuinely（真正地）作状语修饰be动词。故选A项。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：随着时间的推移，好奇心成为个人旅行的动力。分析句子，intellectualcuriosity是句子主语，此空在be动词之后作整个句子表语，driving（起推动作用的）作它的定语，结合句意“驱动力”，motivation（动机）符合语境。故选K项。【38题详解】 考查动词。句意：学者们将这些纪念品分成不同的桶，包括“标记”（T恤衫和茶杯等带有地点标志的物品）、“图像”（明信片和海报）和“象征性地标”（如自由女神像钥匙链），后两类虽然不是唯一的象征性地标，大众旅游。分析句子，本句主语是Scholars，此空作谓语，根据后面的““markers”“pictorialimages”and“________landmarks””可知这是纪念品的分类。group将…分类，符合语境。故选G项。【39题详解】考查形容词。句意同上。分析句子，此空后的“landmarks”和“markers”以及“pictorialimages”并列作介词into的宾语，本空修饰landmarks作定语，结合句意“象征性地标”可知，symbolic（象征性的）符合语境。故选J项。【40题详解】考查名词。句意；波茨先生自己也有很多纪念品，这些纪念品不仅让他想起他去过的地方和他与当地人之间不同寻常的邂逅，还让他想起以前的生活阶段。根据此空后面的“betweenhimandlocalpeople,”，再结合句意“不同寻常的邂逅”，可知encounter（邂逅）符合语境。故选H项。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Researchershavefoundthaturbanheatislandeffectmadeworsebysunbakedroadscanberelievedbyasimplemeasure:Paintthestreetsgray.AstudybyArizonaStateUniversityfoundthat____41____areflective,gray-coloredmaterialtoblackasphalt（柏油）resultedina10.5-to-12-degreeFahrenheitdropinaverageroadsurfacetemperatures.Meanwhile,sunrisetemperatures____42____anaverage2.4-degreedrop.“Thisisexactlywhatwewerehopingfor,”PhoenixMayorKateGallegosaid.“It’sexcitingtoseeatechnologythathasthepotentialtomeetthedemandsofagrowingdesertcityinaworldwheretemperaturesare____43____rising.”ExpertssayroadtemperaturesinthePhoenixareacanriseto180degreesonahotday.That____44____energyremainsinpavedsurfacesforhours,radiatingheatbackintonighttimeair.Higherovernighttemperaturesresultinwarmermornings,creatinga____45____ofurbanheatisland effect.Researchersfoundaswellthatthegreatesttemperature____46____wasneartheroadsurface,withlessdramaticresults6feetabovetheground.Evenso,theneighborhoodswithstreetsreflectinglightexperiencedairtemperatures0.3-to-0.5degreecoolercomparedwithneighborhoodswith____47____roads.Butreflectivepavementsdon’taffectallsurfacesthesameway.Researcherssaidthat“themostmeaningfulmeasurement”wasofradianttemperatures,ameasureofhowthebody____48____heat.Thosemeasurementsshowedthatthe“humanexperienceofheat____49____atnoonandtheafternoonhourswashigherduetosurfacereflectivity.”It’sbeennotedthattheincreasein_____50_____temperatures“maybeanecessarytrade-off（妥协）toreducesurfacetemperaturesusingareflectivesurface.”HeatherMurphy,aspokespersonfortheTransportationDepartment,saidtheresponsehasbeen_____51_____fromdriversandresidentsinneighborhoodswherethematerialisapplied.“Wehavehadsomepeoplewhodon’tlikethelookofit,butgenerallytheresponsehasbeenvery_____52_____”.Still,officialscautionedthatreflectivepavementisnotaremedyfortheurbanheatislandeffect.“Ifyou’restandingoverthesesurfacesonahotday,_____53_____,you’restillgoingtobehotifyou’renotintheshade,”saidJenniferVanos,anassistantprofessoratArizonaStateUniversity.“Soifwereallywantto_____54_____truesolutions,it’snotgoingtobejustpaintingallthestreetsgray.”Asecondphaseofthestudywillexaminequestionsabouthowthematerialperformsunderdifferent_____55_____,includingchangesinreflectivity,degradationandsubsurfacetemperatureoverlongerperiods.41.A.applyingB.stickingC.approachingD.contributing42.A.occurredB.provedC.turnedD.saw43.A.efficientlyB.constantlyC.technicallyD.specifically44.A.generatedB.heatedC.absorbedD.calculated45.A.cycleB.declineC.sampleD.variety46.A.balanceB.controlC.differenceD.equality 47.A.gray-paintedB.light-coloredC.black-toppedD.dry-surfaced48.A.reflectsB.transmitsC.resistsD.experiences49.A.extentB.exposureC.absorptionD.endurance50.A.feltB.heatedC.storedD.needed51.A.instantB.all-sidedC.objectiveD.mixed52.A.optimisticB.positiveC.pessimisticD.obvious53.A.infactB.asaresultC.ontheotherhandD.foronething54.A.putdownB.holdupC.pushtowardD.takeback55.A.variationsB.conditionsC.circulationsD.investigations【答案】41.A42.D43.B44.C45.A46.C47.C48.D49.B50.A51.D52.B53.A54.C55.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，一个简单的方法可以缓解因道路被晒伤而加剧的城市热岛效应——把街道涂成灰色。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：亚利桑那州立大学的一项研究发现，在黑色沥青上涂上一种反光的灰色材料，会导致平均路面温度下降10.5到12华氏度。A.applying涂，应用，申请；B.sticking刺入，粘住；C.approaching接近；D.contributing捐献。固定搭配：apply…to“把……涂到……上”。故选A。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，日出时的温度平均下降了2.4度。A.occurred发生；B.proved证明；C.turned使变成；D.saw目睹，看见。此处指“目睹”了温度的下降。故选D。【43题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在一个气温不断上升的世界里，看到一项有潜力满足日益增长的沙漠城市的需求的技术是令人兴奋的。A.efficiently高效地；B.constantly持续不断地；C.technically技术上；D.specifically专门地。根据下文“ExpertssayroadtemperaturesinthePhoenix areacanriseto180degreesonahotday.”可知，此处指温度“持续不断地”上升。故选B。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：被吸收的能量会在铺好的地面上停留数小时，将热量辐射回夜间的空气中。A.generated产生，引发；B.heated加热；C.absorbed吸收；D.calculated计算，估计。根据下文“remainsinpavedsurfacesforhours,radiatingheatbackintonighttimeair”，可知此处指“被吸收的”能量。故选C。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：夜间较高的温度会导致早晨更温暖，从而形成城市热岛效应的循环。A.cycle循环；B.decline减少，衰退；C.sample样品；D.variety种类。根据上文“Higherovernighttemperaturesresultinwarmermornings”，可知，形成城市热岛效应的“循环”。故选A。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员还发现，最大的温差发生在靠近路面的地方，距离地面6英尺的地方温差较小。A.balance平衡；B.control控制；C.difference区分，不同；D.equality平等。根据下文“neartheroadsurface,withlessdramaticresults6feetabovetheground.”可知，此处指最大“温差”。故选C。【47题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即便如此，那些街道反光的社区的空气温度要比那些街道是黑漆漆的社区低0.3至0.5度。A.gray-painted灰漆；B.light-colored颜色浅的；C.black-topped漆黑的；D.dry-surfaced表面干的。根据空前“theneighborhoodswithstreetsreflectinglightexperiencedairtemperatures0.3-to-0.5degreecoolercomparedwithneighborhoods”，可知此处是与黑漆漆社区温度的比较，也就是指黑色吸热。故选C。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员表示，“最有意义的测量”是辐射温度，这是一种测量人体如何感受到热量的方法。A.reflects反射；B.transmits播送；C.resists抵制；D.experiences体验。根据下文“humanexperienceofheat”，可知，此处指人体感受热量的方法。故选D。【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些测量结果表明，“由于地表反射率，人类在中午和下午几个小时暴露在高温下的体验更高。”A.extent程度，范围；B.exposure暴露，接触；C.absorption吸收，吸纳；D.endurance持久力。根据下文“atnoonandtheafternoonhourswashigherdueto surfacereflectivity”，可知，此处指“暴露”在高温下的体验。故选B。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有人指出，感觉温度的增加“可能是使用反射表面来降低表面温度的一种必要的权衡。A.felt感觉；B.heated加热；C.stored储存；D.needed需要。根据下文“maybeanecessarytrade-off（妥协）toreducesurfacetemperaturesusingareflectivesurface”可知，此处指对温度增加的“感觉”。故选A。【51题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：交通部发言人希瑟·墨菲(HeatherMurphy)说，使用这种材料的社区的司机和居民对此反应不一。A.instant立刻的；B.all-sided全面的；C.objective客观的；D.mixed复杂的，混合的。根据下文“fromdriversandresidentsinneighborhoodswherethematerialisapplied”，可知，此处指司机和居民对此反应“不一”。故选D。【52题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们有一些人不喜欢它的外观，但总的来说反应是非常积极的。A.optimistic乐观的；B.positive积极的；C.pessimistic悲观的；D.obvious明显的。根据上文的“Wehavehadsomepeoplewhodon’tlikethelookofit,but…”，可知，句中的but表示转折，说明反应是“积极的”。故选B。【53题详解】考查短语辨析。句意：如果你在炎热的天气站在这些表面上，事实上，如果你不在阴凉处，你仍然会觉得热。A.infact事实上；B.asaresult结果；C.ontheotherhand另一方面；D.foronething首先，一方面。根据空后“you’restillgoingtobehotifyou’renotintheshade,”可知，此处指的是“事实”。故选A。【54题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以如果我们真的想要推动真正的解决方案，它不会只是把所有的街道涂成灰色。A.putdown放下，记下；B.holdup举起，阻挡；C.pushtoward推进；D.takeback收回。根据下文“truesolutions,it’snotgoingtobejustpaintingallthestreetsgray.”可知，此处指“推进”解决方案。故选C。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究的第二阶段将考察材料在不同条件下的性能，包括反射率、降解和地下温度在较长时间内的变化。A.variations变奏曲；B.conditions条件，状况；C.circulations流通，循环；D.investigations调查。根据下文“includingchangesinreflectivity, degradationandsubsurfacetemperatureoverlongerperiods.”可知，此处指在不同的“条件下”。故选B。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)AllMissPricehadbeentoldaboutthenewboywasthathe’dspentmostofhislifeinsomekindoforphanage,andthatthegray-haired“auntanduncle”withwhomhenowlivedwerereallyfosterparents(养父母),paidbytheWelfareDepartmentoftheCityofNewYork.Alessdevotedteachermighthavepressedformoredetails,butMissPricewascontentwiththeroughoutline.Itwasenoughtofillherwithasenseofmissionthatshonefromhereyes,fromthefirstmorninghejoinedthefourthgrade.Hearrivedearlyandsatinthebackrow,hisbackboneverystraight,hisanklescrossedpreciselyunderthedeskandhishandsfoldedonthecenterofitstop,andwhiletheotherchildrenwerefillingin,hereceivedalong,expressionlessstarefromeachofthem.“Wehaveanewclassmatethismorning,”MissPricesaid,“HisnameisVincentSabella,andhecomesfromNewYorkCity.Iknowwe’llalldoourbesttomakehimfeelathome.”Thistimetheyallswungaroundtostareatonce,whichcausedhimtoduckhisheadslightlyandshifthisweightfromonesidetotheother.Ordinarily,thefactofsomeone’scomingfromNewYorkmighthaveheldacertainstatus,fortomostofthechildrenthecitywasafrightening,adultplacethatswalloweduptheirfatherseveryday.ButanyonecouldseeataglancethatVincentSabellahadnothingtodowithit.Evenifyoucouldignorehistwistedblackhairandgrayskin,hisclotheswouldhavegivenhimaway:ridiculouslynewpants,ridiculouslyoldsportsshoesandayellowsweatshirt,muchtoosmall,withthefadedremainsofaMickeyMousedesignstampedonitschest.Thegirlsdecidedthathewasn’tveryniceandturnedaway,buttheboysremainedintheirinspection,lookinghimupanddownwithfaintsmiles.Thiswasthekindofkidtheywereaccustomedtothinkingofas“tough,”thekindwhosestarehasmadeallofthemuncomfortableatonetimeoranotherinunfamiliarneighborhoods;herewasauniquechanceforrevenge. 56.WhatcanyoulearnaboutMissPriceandVincentfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.SincenobodyhadeverseenVincent’sparents,henowlivedallbyhimself.B.MissPriceknewVincentsowellthatshe’dliketofocuseverybitofattentiononhim.C.MissPricedidn’tknowmuchaboutVincent,butthatdidn’tstopherwantingtocareabouthim.D.Vincentsatinthebackrowsoasnottoarouseanyunnecessaryattentioncausedbyhislatearrival.57.Whydoestheauthormention“NewYork”inthethirdandthefourthparagraphs?A.ToillustrateVincent’sdistantorigin.B.Todemonstratechildren’sdesiretogotoseetheirfathers.C.ToemphasizeVincent’slowsocialstatusfromhisshabbyclothes.D.TostateacertaindistinctionbetweenVincentandpeople’simagination.58.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeVincent?A.Devotedbutshy.B.Nervousanduneasy.C.Untalkativeandtough.D.Sensitivebutunfortunate.59.WhatcanyouinferfromthetextaboutVincent’snewclassmates?A.Theywereeitherunconcernedorunfriendlytowardhim.B.TheyusedtoconsiderpeoplelikeVincenttobeverytough.C.Theybarelynoticedthenewboysittinginthebackoftheclassroom.D.Theywereverycuriousaboutthenewcomerinakindandconsideratemanner.【答案】56.C57.D58.B59.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了VincentSabella来到一所新学校读书，他的老师和同学对他的看法和态度。【56题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Alessdevotedteachermighthavepressedformoredetails,butMissPricewascontentwiththeroughoutline.Itwasenoughtofillherwithasenseofmissionthatshonefromhereyes,fromthefirstmorninghejoinedthefourthgrade.”（一个不那么认真的老师也许会要求了解更多的细节，但普赖斯小姐对这个粗略的提纲很满意。从他上四年级的第一天早上起，她的眼睛里就充满了使命感。）可知，普莱斯老师对文森特了解不多，但这并没有阻止她想关心他。故选C项。【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段““Wehaveanewclassmatethismorning,”MissPricesaid,“HisnameisVincentSabella,andhecomesfromNewYorkCity.”（“今天早上我们有一个新同学，”普莱斯小姐说，“他的名字叫文森特·萨贝拉，来自纽约市。）以及第四段“Ordinarily,thefactofsomeone’scomingfromNewYorkmighthaveheldacertainstatus,fortomostofthechildrenthecitywasafrightening,adultplacethatswalloweduptheirfatherseveryday.ButanyonecouldseeataglancethatVincentSabellahadnothingtodowithit.”（通常，有人从纽约来这一事实可能具有某种地位，因为对大多数孩子来说，这座城市是一个可怕的、成人的地方，每天吞噬着他们的父亲。但任何人一眼就能看出文森特·萨贝拉与此无关。）可知，作者在第三段和第四段提到“纽约”，是为了说明文森特和人们的想象中的形象之间有某些区别。故选D项。【58题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Thistimetheyallswungaroundtostareatonce,whichcausedhimtoduckhisheadslightlyandshifthisweightfromonesidetotheother.”（这一次，他们都转过身来盯着他看，这使他稍稍低下头，把重心从一边移到另一边。）可推知，文森特紧张不安。故选B项。【59题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thegirlsdecidedthathewasn’tveryniceandturnedaway,buttheboysremainedintheirinspection,lookinghimupanddownwithfaintsmiles.”（女孩们觉得他不太好，就转身走开了，但男孩们仍在检查中，微笑着上下打量着他。）可知，文森特的新同学要么对他漠不关心，要么对他不友好。故选A项。(B)HARRYPOTTERANDTHEFORBIDDENJOURNEYUniversalStudioResortMakeyourwaythroughtheclassroomsandcorridorsofHogwarts.ThenrocketabovethecastlegroundsonagroundbreakingnewridethatletsyoujoinHarryPotterandhisfriendsonanunforgettablythrillingadventure.Ourgoalistoensurethateveryoneisabletomakewellinformeddecisionsabouttheirabilitytosafely,comfortably,andconvenientlyexperienceeachofourattractions.1.CAUTION:Thisrideimitatesdramaticaerobaticsandincludessuddenacceleration,stopping,turning,climbing,anddropping. Failuretofollowpostedguidelinesmayresultinseriousinjuryorexpulsion(驱逐)fromthepark●AttractionisnotallowedforGuestswithahistoryofheartconditionsorabnormalbloodpressure.●AttractionisnotallowedforGuestswithback,neck,orsimilarphysicalconditions.●Expectantmothersarenotallowedonthisattraction.●AttractionisnotrecommendedforGuestseasilyinfluencedtomotionsicknessordizziness.●AttractionisnotrecommendedforGuestswhohavefearofenclosedspaces.●AttractionisnotallowedforGuestswithrecentsurgeryorotherconditionsthatmaybeworsenedbythisride.●Prostheticlimbs(义肢)mustbesecuredtopreventhazardsorlossduetorideforces.Pleaseseeanattendantforassistance.●Guestsunder122cmmaynotride.●Weightnottoexceed136kg.●Thisattractioncannotaccommodateguidedogs.Aportablepetcageisavailableuponrequest.2.TOAVOIDSERIOUSINJURY:●Remainseatedwithyourheadfirmlyagainsttheheadrest.●Keephandsandfeetinsidethevehicle.●Holdontoshoulderrestraintsatalltimes.●NoPhotographyorVideoRecording.●Maximumcapacity4persons.●Keepsafelyallloosearticles(phones,hats,glasses,video-recordingequipment,cameras,wallets,keys,etc.)inthelockersprovidedorleavewithanon-rider.●Noeatingdrinking,orsmoking.60.Inthepassage,theunderlinedwordaerobaticsisclosestinmeaningto“________”.A.violentmovementsB.plungingactivitiesC.increasingridesD.rapidactions61.Whatisaproperbehaviorduringridesaccordingtothegiveninformation?A.Guestsmustkeepcamerasinsidetheirpocketsorbags.B.Childrenwhoareunderacertainagearenotallowedonthisride. C.Peoplewithprostheticlimbsshouldremovethembeforetheridesoasnottolosethem.D.Peoplewithvisualsicknessneedtokeeptheirguidedogswiththemallthewaythroughtheride.62.WherewouldthispagemostprobablybefoundontheUniversalStudiohomepage?AGuestServicesB.AboutUsC.ThingstoDoD.PlanYourVisit【答案】60.A61.B62.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是环球影城度假村的模仿哈利波特飞行的项目。【60题详解】词句猜测题。根据1.CAUTION:部分的“Thisrideimitatesdramaticaerobaticsandandincludessuddenacceleration,stopping,turning,climbing,anddropping.”（这种飞行模拟了剧烈的aerobatics，包括突然加速、停止、转弯、爬升和下降。）可知，这种飞行包括突然加速、停止、转弯、爬升和下降这些剧烈运动，因此划线词aerobatics的意思是“剧烈的活动”，即violentmovements，故选A。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据1.CAUTION:部分的“Guestsunder122cmmaynotride.”（身高低于122厘米者不得乘坐。）可知，未满一定年龄的儿童不得乘坐此游乐设施。故选B。【62题详解】推理判断题。根据UniversalStudioResort部分的“MakeyourwaythroughtheclassroomsandcorridorsofHogwarts.ThenrocketabovethecastlegroundsonagroundbreakingnewridethatletsyoujoinHarryPotterandhisfriendsonanunforgettablythrillingadventure.”（穿过霍格沃茨的教室和走廊。然后，你可以乘坐一辆突破性的新汽车，在城堡上空驰骋，加入哈利·波特和他的朋友们，进行一场令人难忘的惊心动魄的冒险。）可知，本文讲的是在环球影城度假村可以参加的项目，因此这篇文章最可能出现在环球影城的主页的“要做的事情”部分，故选C。(C)Fewerthan400NorthAtlanticrightwhalesremaininthewild,andnoteven100ofthemarebreedingfemales.Theirbiggestsurvivalthreatsareboatstrikesandgettingcaughtinfishinggear.Protectingthesewhales,suchasbyturningboatsfromdangerousencounters,requirespositioningthemmorereliably--andnewtechnology,describedintheJournaloftheAcousticalSocietyof America,couldhelpmakethatpossible.Tolistenformarinelife,researchersofteninstallunderwatermicrophonescalledhydrophonesonbuoys(浮标)androboticgliders(滑翔机).Therecordedaudioischangedintospectrograms--visualrepresentationsofsoundusedtopreciselyrecognize,forinstance,specificwhalespecies’calls.Butthosedistinctivesoundsareoftendrownedoutbyothernoise.Inrecentyearsresearchershaveusedamachine-learningtechniquecalleddeeplearningtoautomatethisanalysis,butbackgroundsoundsstillblockreliability.Nowresearchershavetrainedtwodeep-learningmodelsspecificallytocutthroughthenoise.Theystartedbygivingthemodelsthousandsof“clean”spectrogramswithonlyNorthAtlanticrightwhalecalls.Thentheyslowlyaddedinthousandsofspectrogramsmixedwithtypicalbackgroundsounds,suchastankerengines.Theprogramcansuccessfullyturnnoisyspectrogramsintocleanones,reducingfalsealarmsandhelpingspotwhalesbeforetheyreachdangerousareas,thescientistssay.ShyamMadhusudhana,aCornellUniversitydataengineer,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,sayshewouldwanttoseeifsuchmodelscouldbeusedtolocateothermarinemammals(哺乳动物),too.“Humpbackwhalesanddolphinshavemuchmorecomplexspeechpathwaysthantherightwhale,”henotes.AndUniversityofEastAngliamachine-learningresearcherBenMilner,oneofthestudy’sauthors,wantstotakethistechnologyabovewateraswell--toUkrainianforests,wherehehopestoidentifyanimalsnearthesiteofthe1986Chernobyldisaster.UniversityofSt.AndrewsbehavioralecologistPeterTyack,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysthisnewsystemshouldbeusedtofigureoutwherewhalesarethroughouttheyear,sothattheseareascanbeprotected.“Intermsofestimatingthedensityandthenumberofthesewhalesinplaceswhereit’shardtoseethem,”Petersays,“thistechnologycouldbefantastic.”Buthewarnsthatitshouldnotbetheonlyapproachtopreventingshipstrikes.Inhiswork,TyackhasfoundthatNorthAtlanticrightwhalescanbesilentforhoursatatime--sopassivesoundmonitoringcouldeasilymissone.Andkillingjustafew,headds,“couldleadtoextinctionofthepopulation.”63.WhatdoesthenewtechnologydotohelpprotecttheNorthAtlanticrightwhales?A.Locatingtherightwhalesprecisely.B.Turningboatstoencountertherightwhales.C.Guidingtherightwhalesawayfromfishingboats. D.Positioningfishingboatsreliablyandthusdeadlystrikes.64.Whatisamajorcontributionofdeep-learningmodelstoreducingbackgroundnoises?A.Theyturnoffthenearbyalarmsthatmaycreatebackgroundnoises.B.Theycaneliminatedisturbancesshownonaspectrogramsheet.C.Theyaddthousandsofmixedsoundssuchasvehicleengines.D.Theycanpreventwhalesfromreachingdangerousareas.65.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat________.A.ShyamandBenarebothscientistsatdifferentuniversitieswhoknoweachotherwellB.allofthethreescientistsconsidertheextendeduseofthetechnologycouldfacechallengesC.ShyamandBenbothhopethatthedeeplearningmodelcangobeyonditscurrentapplicationD.Peterthinksthetechnologyshouldhavebeenusedtofigureoutwhereit’shardtoseethewhales66.Whichoneofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.LatestTechsonMarineLifesavingB.SavetheRightWhalebyNoise-cuttingC.SeeWhales’NoisethroughHuman’sEyesD.Non-professionalScientists’RoleinSavingWhales【答案】63.A64.B65.C66.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了拯救露脊鲸，科学家首先要定位鲸鱼的位置，但由于海洋噪音原因严重影响设备发挥作用，为此，科学家发明深度学习模型来消除噪音，最终尽可能地拯救露脊鲸。【63题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Protectingthesewhales,suchasbyturningboatsfromdangerousencounters,requirespositioningthemmorereliably--andnewtechnology,describedintheJournaloftheAcousticalSocietyofAmerica,couldhelpmakethatpossible.”（为了保护这些鲸鱼，比如让船只避开危险的遭遇，需要更可靠地定位它们——而《美国声学学会杂志》上描述的新技术可能有助于实现这一点。）说明新技术是精确定位露脊鲸，以帮助保护北大西洋露脊鲸。故选A项。【64题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theprogramcansuccessfullyturnnoisyspectrogramsintocleanones, reducingfalsealarmsandhelpingspotwhalesbeforetheyreachdangerousareas,thescientistssay.”（科学家们说，该项目可以成功地将嘈杂的光谱图转换为干净的光谱图，减少误报，并在鲸鱼到达危险区域之前帮助它们。）说明深度学习模型对减少背景噪声的一个主要贡献是，它们可以消除光谱图上显示的干扰。故选B项。【65题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“ShyamMadhusudhana…sayshewouldwanttoseeifsuchmodelscouldbeusedtolocateothermarinemammals(哺乳动物),too.“Humpbackwhalesanddolphinshavemuchmorecomplexspeechpathwaysthantherightwhale,”henotes.AndUniversityofEastAngliamachine-learningresearcherBenMilner…wantstotakethistechnologyabovewateraswell--toUkrainianforests,wherehehopestoidentifyanimalsnearthesiteofthe1986Chernobyldisaster.(ShyamMadhusudhana,康奈尔大学的数据工程师,他并没有参与这项研究,他说他想看看这样的模型可以用于定位其他海洋哺乳动物。“座头鲸和海豚的语言通路比露脊鲸复杂得多，”他指出。东安格利亚大学的机器学习研究员本·米尔纳是这项研究的作者之一，他想把这项技术也带出水面——到乌克兰的森林中，他希望在那里识别1986年切尔诺贝利灾难现场附近的动物。)说明Shyam和Ben都希望深度学习模型能够超越目前的应用。故选C项。【66题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Fewerthan400NorthAtlanticrightwhalesremaininthewild,andnoteven100ofthemarebreedingfemales.Theirbiggestsurvivalthreatsareboatstrikesandgettingcaughtinfishinggear.”（只有不到400头北大西洋露脊鲸仍在野外生存，甚至没有100头露脊鲸是正在繁殖的雌性露脊鲸。他们最大的生存威胁是船只罢工和被渔具缠住。）和第三段”Nowresearchershavetrainedtwodeep-learningmodelsspecificallytocutthroughthenoise.”（现在，研究人员专门训练了两个深度学习模型来消除噪音。）说明本文主要讲述了减少噪音拯救露脊鲸。故选B项。SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.AsChinaPutsonWeight,Type-2Diabetes(糖尿病)IsRapidlyRisingMorethan30yearsago,doctorsinthenortherncityofDaqingbeganapioneeringlong-termstudyintothepreventionoftype-2diabetes,adiseasewhichwasthenthoughttoaffectabout1%of Chinese.Whendoctors,academicsandofficialsgatheredtherethisautumntodiscusstheconclusionsandpromotepreventionwork,theyfacedaverydifferentreality.____67____Type-2diabetesisbecomingmorecommonglobally,butinrecentyearstherateofthediseasehasbeengrowingfastestinChina.Diabetesisadisfunctioninthebody’sregulationofblood-sugarlevels.Type1israreandusuallyshowsupearlyinlife,causedbyfactorsthatarenotyetwellunderstood.Itcankillswiftlyunlessmanagedwithdailyinjectionsofinsulin(胰岛素).____68____Ittendstodevelopinadults,especiallyiftheyareoverweightordonotexercisemuch.Itcanusuallybecontrolledwithpillsandlifestylechanges,andcansometimesbereversed.Bothtypes,ifnotwell-treated,cancausecomplicationssuchasorgandamage,blindness,strokesandheartattacks.____69____Twentyyearsago,ithadfewerthan25million.Thedramaticincrease,almostentirelyinvolvingtype2s,worriesthegovernment.ThestudyinDaqingshowedhowlifestylechangescanpreventtype2amongpeoplewithdamagedglucosetolerance(糖耐量),whichissometimesastartofthecondition.Thecountry’shealth-caresystemistryingtoensuresymptomsaredetected,andhelppeoplewiththem.Abigreasonfortheincreaseisthataspeoplegetricher,theyoftenconsumemoreprocessedfoodsandsugarydrinks.OneinsevenChineseadultsisoverfat,includingaquarterofadultsinBeijing,China’sfattestcity.Theurbanproportionofthepopulationhasgrownfromlessthan20%toabout60%since1980.____70____Theremaybeageneticlink,too.Researchfindsthatethnic-HanChineseareacquiringtype2diabeteswhileyoungerandthinnerthanCaucasians.Smokingisanotherfactor.Chinahasone-fifthoftheworld’spopulationbutconsumesone-thirdofitscigarettes,andmostofthedailysmokersaremen.A.Type2isfarmorecommon,accountingformorethan90%ofcasesworldwide.B.However,urbanresidentsarebecomingmorewillingtoexercise,withgymsandyogaclassesontherise.C.Chinahasanestimated116milliondiabetics,byfarthehighestnumberofanycountry.D.About11%ofChineseadultsnowhavethecondition,nearlytheproportioninAmericaandtwicethelevelinBritain.E.Theothertype,thoughmorecommonlydiagnosed,isnotrelativelydangerous. F.Cityinhabitantstendtobelessphysicallyactivethanpeopleinruralareas.【答案】67.D68.A69.C70.F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是随着中国体重的增加，2型糖尿病正在迅速增加，并分析了原因。【67题详解】空格前说“Whendoctors,academicsandofficialsgatheredtherethisautumntodiscusstheconclusionsandpromotepreventionwork,theyfacedaverydifferentreality.”（今年秋天，当医生、学者和官员聚集在那里讨论结论和促进预防工作时，他们面临着一个截然不同的现实。），空格后说“Type-2diabetesisbecomingmorecommonglobally,butinrecentyearstherateofthediseasehasbeengrowingfastestinChina.”（2型糖尿病在全球越来越普遍，但近年来中国的发病率增长最快。），D选项“About11%ofChineseadultsnowhavethecondition,nearlytheproportioninAmericaandtwicethelevelinBritain.”（目前，中国成年人中约有11%患有此病，这一比例接近美国，是英国的两倍。）说明了中国2型糖尿病的情况，其选项中“inAmerica”和“inBritain”与空格后的“globally”相呼应，因此D选项承上启下，故选D。【68题详解】第二段说“Type1israreandusuallyshowsupearlyinlife,causedbyfactorsthatarenotyetwellunderstood.Itcankillswiftlyunlessmanagedwithdailyinjectionsofinsulin(胰岛素).”（1型糖尿病很少见，通常出现在生命早期，由一些尚未完全了解的因素引起。除非每天注射胰岛素，否则它能迅速致死。），空格后说“Bothtypes,ifnotwell-treated,cancausecomplicationssuchasorgandamage,blindness,strokesandheartattacks.”（如果治疗不当，这两种类型都可能导致器官损伤、失明、中风和心脏病发作等并发症。），说明空格处要介绍2型糖尿病，A选项“Type2isfarmorecommon,accountingformorethan90%ofcasesworldwide.”（2型糖尿病更为常见，占全球病例的90%以上。）介绍的是2型糖尿病，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选A。【69题详解】空格后说“Twentyyearsago,ithadfewerthan25million.Thedramaticincrease,almostentirelyinvolvingtype2s,worriesthegovernment.”（20年前，这个数字还不到2500万。这种剧烈的增长，几乎完全涉及到2型，令人担忧。），因此空格处会说到目前的数字，C选项“Chinahasanestimated116milliondiabetics,byfarthehighestnumberofanycountry.”（据估计，中国有1.16亿糖尿病患者，是世界上糖尿病患者最多的国家。）说明了中国现在的糖尿病患者的数目，因 此C选项引起下文，符合语境，故选C。【70题详解】空格前说“Theurbanproportionofthepopulationhasgrownfromlessthan20%toabout60%since1980.”（自1980年以来，城市人口比例从不足20%增长到约60%。），空格处应解释为什么城市人口得糖尿病的更多，F选项“Cityinhabitantstendtobelessphysicallyactivethanpeopleinruralareas.”（城市居民的身体活动往往比农村地区的人少。）说明了更多城市人口得糖尿病的原因，因此F选项承接上文，符合语境，故选F。IV.SummaryWriting71.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.IsStudent-loanForgivenessUnforgivable?Roughly45millionAmericanscurrentlyhold$1.6trillioninstudentdebt,withtheaveragestudent-loanreceiverowingbetween$20,000and$25,000,accordingtotheFederalReserve.Amongthoseactivelymakingpaymentsontheirdebt,theaveragemonthlyinstallmentisbetween$200and$300.Andwith5.3millionmorepeopleunemployedthaninFebruary,rightbeforetheU.S.fellintotheeconomicdepressioncausedbypandemic(流行病),somepeoplesaythatstudent-debtforgivenesscouldbebeneficialtotheeconomy.“Student-debtcancellationfeelslikeoneofthemostaccessibleexecutiveactionstostimulatetheeconomyatthemoment,”saysSuzanneKahn,directoroftheEducation.KahnsaysthemovewouldalsohelpclosethewealthgapbetweenwhiteAmericansandpeopleofcolor.Some90%ofBlackstudentsand72%ofLatinostudentstakeoutloansforcollegeversusjust66%ofwhitestudents,accordingtoananalysisfromtheConsumerFinancialProtectionBureau.Butothersarguethatsweepingstudent-loanforgivenessdoesn’thelpthepeoplewhoneedaidmost.Americanswithcollegedegrees,asawhole,havebeenlessinfluencedbytheeconomiceffectsofCOVID-19thantheirnon-college-educatedcounterparts.Besides,theyraiseconcernsthatifthegovernmentwipesoutcurrentstudentloans,futurecollegestudentsmayhaveamotivatortotakeondebts,hopingtheywillalsobeforgiven.Collegesmayinturntendtoraisetheirpricesfurther.What’sclear,accordingtothebothsidesoftheaisle(过道),isthateconomiccrisesworsentheproblemofstudentdebt.ThelasttimetheU.S.dippedintoarecession,stategovernmentscuttheirinvestmentsincollegesanduniversities—which,inturn,raisedtheirtuitionpricesandforcedstudents totakeoneverlargerloans.Inrecentweeks,thegovernmenthaswalkedafinelineontheissue,offeringsupportforabillcallingfor$10,000worthofstudent-loanforgivenessbutturningdownanythingclosetoaplantoissue$50,000perborrowerthroughexecutiveaction.That’snotsustainableinthelongrun.Itremainstobeseenifthegovernmentcanarriveatapoliticalsolutionthatis.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion:Withtheproblemofstudentloanworsenedbypandemic-inducedrecession,peopleholddiverseattitudestowardsstudent-debtforgiveness.Someargueitservestostimulateeconomyandbridgethewealthgapwhileothersmaintainitcan’thelpthosemostinneedandshowtheconcernaboutsettingtheprecedent.Despitetheeffortsmadebythegovernment,asustainablesolutionhasn’tbeenreached.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍由于大流行引发的经济衰退，学生贷款问题恶化，人们对学生债务减免持有不同的态度。一些人认为它有助于刺激经济和缩小贫富差距，而另一些人认为它不能帮助那些最需要帮助的人，并显示出对开创先例的担忧。尽管政府做出了努力，一个可持续的解决方案还没有达成。【详解】1.要点摘录①IsStudent-loanForgivenessUnforgivable?②Student-debtcancellationfeelslikeoneofthemostaccessibleexecutiveactionstostimulatetheeconomyatthemoment.③Butothersarguethatsweepingstudent-loanforgivenessdoesn’thelpthepeoplewhoneedaidmost.④What’sclear,accordingtothebothsidesoftheaisle(过道),isthateconomiccrisesworsenthe problemofstudentdebt.2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行归纳，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Whentheproblemofstudentloanisworsenedbypandemic-inducedrecession,peopleholddiverseattitudestowardsstudent-debtforgiveness.Somefirmlyholdthebeliefthatitservestostimulateeconomyandbridgethewealthgapwhileothersthinkthatitcan’thelpthosemostinneedandshowtheconcernaboutsettingtheprecedent.Inspiteoftheeffortsmadebythegovernment,asustainablesolutionhasn’tbeenreached.【点睛】[高分句型1]Withtheproblemofstudentloanworsenedbypandemic-inducedrecession,peopleholddiverseattitudestowardsstudent-debtforgiveness.运用with复合结构对原文第一段进行了概括。其中with复合结构作伴随状语表达高级。[高分句型2]Someargueitservestostimulateeconomyandbridgethewealthgapwhileothersmaintainitcan’thelpthosemostinneedandshowtheconcernaboutsettingtheprecedent.用while引导比较状语从句对第三、四段进行了概括，表达非常高级。V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.秋高气爽，到郊野公园去远足是多么令人心驰神往啊！(it)(汉译英）【答案】Howfascinating/Whatafascinatingthingitistogohikinginthecountryparkin(the)clearandfreshautumn(weather)!【解析】【详解】考查短语、时态、代词和感叹句。gohiking去远足；inthepark在公园。句中用it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。感叹句的结构为：What+a/an+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!或者How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为Howfascinating/Whatafascinatingthingitistogohikinginthecountryparkin(the)clearandfreshautumn(weather)!73.做任何事情只要我们坚持不懈，最终定然会收获满满。(persevere)(汉译英）【答案】Aslongaswepersevereindoinganything,wewillcertainlygainaloteventually.【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句。“只要”可以翻译为aslongas，引导条件状语从句，从句使用一般现在时表示将来，主句使用一般将来时；“我们”可以翻译为we，使用人称代词主格形式作从句主语；“坚持做任何事情”可以翻译为persevereindoinganything，从句主语为we，谓语persevere使用原形形式即可；主句中，“收获满满”可以翻译为gainalot，谓语使用willgain；“最终”可以翻译为eventually，副词形式作状语，置于句末。故翻译为：Aslongaswepersevereindoinganything,wewillcertainlygainaloteventually.74.原生态的田园乡村正越来越成为在大城市打拼前程的年轻人抚慰焦虑和紧张的“诗和远方”。(strive)(汉译英）【答案】Theoriginalcountrysideisincreasinglybecomingpoetryanddreamland/poetryanddistantfield/poemsanddreams/poemsanddistantlandsforyoungpeople(whoare)strivinghardforthe/theirfutureinbigcities/metropolisestocomforttheiranxietyandtension.【解析】【详解】考查定语从句和现在分词。“原生态的田园乡村”是theoriginalcountryside，“正越来越成为”用现在进行时，翻译为isincreasinglybecoming，“年轻人”是youngpeople，“在大城市打拼前程的”用定语从句修饰youngpeople，用who引导，翻译为whoarestrivinghardforthe/theirfutureinbigcities/metropolises，此部分也可直接用现在分词作后置定语，因此也可为strivinghardforthe/theirfutureinbigcities/metropolises；“抚慰焦虑和紧张的”是目的，用不定式，翻译为tocomforttheiranxietyandtension，““诗和远方””是“poetryanddreamland/poetryanddistantfield/poemsanddreams/poemsanddistantlands”，因此整个句子翻译为“Theoriginalcountrysideisincreasinglybecomingpoetryanddreamland/poetryanddistantfield/poemsanddreams/poemsanddistantlandsforyoungpeople(whoare)strivinghardforthe/theirfutureinbigcities/metropolisestocomforttheiranxietyandtension.”。故答案为Theoriginalcountrysideisincreasinglybecomingpoetryanddreamland/poetryanddistantfield/poemsanddreams/poemsanddistantlandsforyoungpeople(whoare)strivinghardforthe/theirfutureinbigcities/metropolisestocomforttheiranxietyandtension.。75.尽管疑点重重，但他缜密分析，不放过任何蛛丝马迹，终于令这起社会广泛关注的盗窃案的真相大白于天下。(which)(汉译英）【答案】Although/Though/Whilethereweremanydoubts/Despite/Inspiteofmanydoubts,hecarefullyanalyzed/madecarefulanalyses,anddidnotletgoof/missanyclues,whichmadethetruthofthetheftarousing/causing/thathasaroused/causedwidespreadsocialconcern/widespread concerninsocietyknowntoall/allthepeople/thewholenation.【解析】【详解】考查让步状语从句和定语从句。分析句意可知，句子描述过去的动作，时态用一般过去时，“尽管疑点重重”可翻译为让步状语从句Although/Though/Whilethereweremanydoubts，或用Despite/Inspiteofmanydoubts，“他缜密分析”是hecarefullyanalyzed/madecarefulanalyses，“不放过任何蛛丝马迹”是didnotletgoof/missanyclues，“终于令这起社会广泛关注的盗窃案的真相大白于天下”是结果，可用which引导的非限制性定语从句，也可用现在分词表结果，“使......真相大白于天下”是madethetruthknowntoall/allthepeople/thewholenation，“这起社会广泛关注的盗窃案”用that引导的定语从句或现在分词作后置定语，翻译为arousing/causing/thathasaroused/causedwidespreadsocialconcern/widespreadconcerninsociety，因此整个句子翻译为“Although/Though/Whilethereweremanydoubts/Despite/Inspiteofmanydoubts,hecarefullyanalyzed/madecarefulanalyses,anddidnotletgoof/missanyclues,whichmadethetruthofthetheftarousing/causing/thathasaroused/causedwidespreadsocialconcern/widespreadconcerninsocietyknowntoall/allthepeople/thewholenation”，故答案为Although/Though/Whilethereweremanydoubts/Despite/Inspiteofmanydoubts,hecarefullyanalyzed/madecarefulanalyses,anddidnotletgoof/missanyclues,whichmadethetruthofthetheftarousing/causing/thathasaroused/causedwidespreadsocialconcern/widespreadconcerninsocietyknowntoall/allthepeople/thewholenation.。VI.GuidedWriting76.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假定你是明启中学的学生李华，你校交换生Allen打算在圣诞节为他的父母各送一件具有典型中国文化特色的礼物。他初步选出了四件礼物：旗袍(cheongsam)、紫砂茶具(purpleclayteaset)、丝绸围巾(silkscarf)、书画折扇(calligraphyandpaintingfoldingfan)，现在发邮件向你咨询。请你给他写封邮件，谈谈你的意见。内容包括：1.为他父母分别推荐的一件礼物；2.推荐这两件礼物的理由；3.对Allen父母的问候。注意：作文中不得出现你本人的姓名、班级和学校等真实信息。________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearAllen,Gladtoreceiveyourletter,inwhichyouaskedmeaboutthefourgiftswithtypicalChineseculturalcharacteristics,includingcheongsam,purpleclayteaset,silkscarfandcalligraphyandpaintingfoldingfan.Iamwritingtorecommendagiftforyourparents.Foryourmother,Irecommendthecheongsam.ThecheongsamisafemaledresswithdistinctiveChinesefeaturesandenjoysagrowingpopularityintheinternationalworld.Thebeautyofthecheongsamisthat,madeofdifferentmaterialsandtovaryinglengths,itcanbeworneitheroncasualorformaloccasions.Ineithercase,itcreatesanimpressionofsimpleandquietcharm,eleganceandneatness.NowonderitissomuchlikedbywomennotonlyofChinabutthoseofforeigncountriesaswell.SoIthinkyourmotherwilllikeit.Foryourfather,Irecommendthecalligraphyandpaintingfoldingfan.Severalthousandyearsago,theancientChineseinventedthefan.Peopleuseittobringcoolwindinthesummer.Moreover,becausethefanalsolookslikeacircle,soitalsorepresentshappinessandreunion.Usually,thereareChinesecalligraphyandpaintingonthefan,whichrepresentChineseculture.Ithinkitissuitableforyourfather.Bestregardstoyourparents.Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给交换生Allen写封信，为他父母分别推荐的一件礼物，说明推荐这两件礼物的理由，表达对Allen父母的问候。 【详解】1.词汇积累高兴的：glad→delighted独特的：distinctive→unique不同的：disparate→different另外：moreover→besides2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：Foryourfather,Irecommendthecalligraphyandpaintingfoldingfan.Severalthousandyearsago,theancientChineseinventedthefan.拓展句：Foryourfather,Irecommendthecalligraphyandpaintingfoldingfan,whichwasinventedbytheancientChineseseveralthousandyearsago.【点睛】[高分句型1]Gladtoreceiveyourletter,inwhichyouaskedmeaboutthefourgiftswithtypicalChineseculturalcharacteristics,includingcheongsam,purpleclayteaset,silkscarfandcalligraphyandpaintingfoldingfan.（运用了“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句）[高分句型2]Thebeautyofthecheongsamisthat,madeofdifferentmaterialsandtovaryinglengths,itcanbeworneitheroncasualorformaloccasions.（运用了that引导的表语从句）