上海市浦东区2022届高三英语一模试题（Word版带解析）

浦东新区2021学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高三英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3．答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionAShortConversationsDirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Inaplane.B.Inarestaurant.C.Atacoffeebar.D.Atabank.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Miss,canIhaveanothercupofcoffee?W:Yes,butyouhavetodrinkitfast,becausewe’llbelandingin15minutes.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Afarawayvillage.B.Adeliciousbreakfast.C.Abeautifulview.D.Aterrificmorning.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Theviewfromhereisterrific.Look!That’swherewehadbreakfastthismorning.,M:You’reright.Icanseeacrossthevalley.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Secretaryandmanager.B.Shopassistantandcustomer.C.Salespersonandbankclerk.D.Cashierandboss.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:CanIpayforthispairofglassesbycreditcard?W:No,it’scashsaleonly.Q:What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Tongue-tied.B.Confident.C.Absent-minded.D.Shy.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Ifeltsoembarrassedtoday.Whenthebossaskedmeaquestion,Icouldn’tthinkofawordtosay.M:Iknowthefeeling.Insituationslikethat,Ioftenfindmyselfatalossforwords.Q:Howwillthemanfeelinthewoman’ssituation?5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Messupthebuffet.B.Embarrasshimselfinpublic.C.Jumpthequeue.D.Consumetoomuch.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:Wow!Thisbuffetlooksfantastic.Ican’twaittostarteating.W:Becareful.Don’toverstuffyourself.Rememberwhathappenedlasttimeyoucamehere.Q:Whatisthewomanworriedthemanmaydo?6.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】,A.Keepingaskingquestions.B.Leavingearly.C.Jokingabouther.D.Distractingher.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:I’mgladTim’sgone.Hewasgettingonmynerves.M:Iknowhewouldn’tstoptalkingthroughthemovie.Q:Whatwasthewoman’scomplaintaboutTim?7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Byinvolvinghiminaninvestmentproject.B.Bylendinghimsomemoney.C.Byreferringhimtoherbrother.D.Byadvisinghimtoretireearly.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Iwanttostartinvestingsomemoneytowardmyretirementyears,butIamnotsurewhatwouldbebest.W:Mybrotherisaninvestmentmanager.Hehelpspeoplemaketherightinvestmentchoices.Q:Howwillthewomanhelptheman?8.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Maryappliedfortheloanfromabank.B.Marydidaverygoodjobatuniversity.C.Mary’sunclefoundagoodjobforher.D.Mary’suncleassistedherincollegeeducation.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:Marywasfortunateheruncle’sloanpavedthewayforhertostudyatuniversity.M:Yes,shewas.Nowlookather.Shehasagreatjobwithgoodprospects.,Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Themanlikesheartbreakingnovels.B.Thewomanisalsodrawntothenovel.C.Thenovel’splotishardtograsp.D.Thefameofthenovelissurprising.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Ireallyenjoyedreadingthehardcovernovel.Theunexpectedendingtouchesmyheart.W:Really?Canyoulendittome?Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.HewillstarthisnewjobnextMonday.B.Hewillneedtwoweekstofindareplacement.C.Hewilltellhisbossaboutthedecisiontoresign.D.Hewillcomplaintohisbossaboutthecurrenttreatment.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Whendoyouthinkyouwillbeabletostartyournewposition?IsnextMondayokay?M:I’msorry,butIhavenothadachancetoinformmycurrentbossaboutmyquitting,andIthinkIhavetogivehimtwoweeks’noticetofindareplacement.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】,11.Whydopeoplewanttoeatlessmeat?A.Toreducetheenvironmentalfootprintoftheirdiet.B.Torevealtheirdeclininginterestinfoodswitching.C.Tokeepthemselvesingoodshapefortheirage.D.Toencouragethemselvestofollowthetrend.12.Whichofthefollowingfoodsprobablyhasthegreatestimpactontheenvironment?A.Steak.B.Fish.C.Chicken.D.Pork.13.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesthespeakersuggestwedo?A.Followavegetariandiet.B.Eatmoderateamountsofchicken.C.Rankthepricesbeforeeatingmeat.D.Choosechickenorfishwheneatingmeat.【答案】11.A12.A13.D【解析】【原文】Therearefewtopicsasdebatableasourdiet.Noonewantstobetoldwhattoeat.Yetafoodswitchingseemstobegainingpopularity.Moreandmoreofusareinterestedinreducingtheimpactofourdietontheenvironment.Specifically,wewanttoeatlessmeat.Whileall-outvegetarianismisbecomingmorepopular,it’sstillaminorityposition.ArecentsurveysuggeststhatjustfivepercentofadultsintheUK,andthreepercentintheUSarevegetarian.Mostdon’twanttoeliminateanimalproductscompletely,butdowanttocutback.Thisraisesthequestionofnotjusthowmuchmeatweshouldeat,butwhattypes.Weoftentalkaboutsteak,lambchops,baconandchickenasifthey’reonalevelplayingfield.Just‘meat’.Buttheirimpactsarevastlydifferent.Pergramofprotein,beefhasalmosttentimesthecarbonfootprintofchicken.Ituses23timesasmuchfarmland.Ifweweretoranktheminorder:beefandlambhavethehighestcost;porkhassignificantlyless;chickenisevenlower;andmanytypesoffisharebetterstill.Thismeansthatifyouwanttoreducetheenvironmentalfootprintofyourdiet,substitutingbeefandlambwithchickenandfishgetsyoureallyfar.Infact,thishasamuchlargerimpactthanswitchingfromeatingmoderateamountsofchickentoavegetarianorvegandiet.That’stherecommendationIgivetomostpeople.Eatlessmeatoverall,butalsoreplacethebeefsteakwith,chickenorfish.Questions:11.Whydopeoplewanttoeatlessmeat?12.Whichofthefollowingfoodsprobablyhasthegreatestimpactontheenvironment?13.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesthespeakersuggestwedo?听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.A.Exhibition.B.Facilities.C.Entertainment.D.Films.15.A.It’smeaningfulbutnofun.B.It’sentertainingandinstructive.C.It’sinnovativeandwell-received.D.It’sinformativebuthasitslimitation.16.A.Afilmreviewonzoos.B.Areportaboutafilmrelease.C.Asurveyonzoologicalfacilities.D.Adocumentaryaboutendangeredspecies.【答案】14.B15.D16.A【解析】【原文】Likesomanynaturefilmsthesedays,thefilmEscapefromExtinctionbeginswiththebadnews:alotofglobalheadlineshighlightingthebadeffectofoilspillsandextremeweatheronlifeonEarth.Thisparticularfilm,directedbyMatthewR.Brady,thenfocusesonspeciesthreatenedbythesixthmassextinctionevent.Itsoonbecomesdifferentfromotherenvironmentalfilms,becauseofitsuniqueopiniononthebestwayforward:zoos.ActressHelenMirrenassuresusthatzooshavechanged.Shesays,“Onceconnectedwithexhibitionandentertainment,modernzoologicalfacilitiesareleadersinthefightagainstmassextinction.”,Evenifthatconnectionpassesyouby,itisimpossibletoignorethesupportforzoosthroughouttheworld.AsAmericanHumanepresidentRobinGanzertsays,“Theonlyreasoncertainspeciesarealivetodayisthatzooshavesavedthemfromextinction.”Theyareevensupportedinotherareassuchasmarinelife.Peoplerepeatedlyreferto“zoologicalfacilities”inordertomakezoossoundlikethereasonable,scientificchoice.Theonethingthefilmdoesdowellistomaketheproblemofextinctionfeelurgent.Italsocallsforactionoversympathy.Mirrenaddsthatrepairingthedamagewe’vedonetotheenvironmentrequiresmorethanabstractinspiration.However,forme,despitethefilm’scentralmessagethatthecomingecologicalcollapsecallsfortheneedforzoos,whatisinurgentdemandisarestructuringoftheeconomy,environmentalprotectionandrestoration,andthewilltoactnow.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.A.Sheaskedclassmatesforadvice.B.Shemadeuseofonlinecourses.C.Shetooksomeshortuniversitycourses.D.Shemajoredinfilmmaking.18.A.Becausetheyareimportantbutneglected.B.Becauseshemajorsinenvironmentatuniversity.C.Becausetheywilldefinitelyattractmorefollowers.D.Becausesheisdissatisfiedwiththepreviousvideos.19.A.Guilty.B.Surprised.C.Inspired.D.Disappointed.20.A.It’sadvisabletokeepalowkeyonline.B.Asuccessfulvloggermustbeknowledgeable.C.Newideashelparouseinterestamongviewers.D.Updatingfrequencyisthemostimportanttokeepviewers.,【答案】17.C18.A19.B20.C【解析】【原文】M:Linda，youarewhat’scalledavlogger—youputonlinevideosthatyouhavemadeforpeopletowatch,inyourcaseaboutenvironmentalissues.Howdidyoulearntodothat?W:Atuniversity,mydepartmentwasrunningthesecoursesforhelpingpeoplebecomevloggers,soIwentalongtothose.Thereissomuchstuffaboutitonline,butIjustfounditconfusing.M:Whydidyouchoosetofocusonenvironmentalissues?W:It’sjustsomethingthatIhavebelievedisvitalforagesandIthinktoolittleisbeingdone,soIwantedtohelp.M:What’syourmajor?Isitrelatedtoyourmajor?W:It’snotconnectedtowhatIamstudyingatuniversity,soitwasn’tlikeIgotadvicefromanyofmyclassmates.M:Howdidyoufeelwhenyourvideosfirstbecameahit?W:Iwasexpectingtoonlyhaveafewpeoplewatchingregularlyforyears.Icouldn’tbelievehowwrongIwasaboutthis.M:Doyouhaveanytipsforthosewhoareinterestedinvlogging?Forexample,howoftenshouldpeopleuploadvideosiftheywanttobecomesuccessful?W:Well,it’snotaboutthemorethebetter,becausepeoplewillsoongetboredanditwillalsobehardforyoutocomeupwithnewideas.M:Sayonceamonth?W:That’snotgoingtowork,either.Inmyopinion,aimingforweeklyisprobablyfrequentenough.M:Isee.Bythewaywhat’syourlatestvideoabout?W:I’vejustfinishedaseriesencouragingmorepeopletousebusesandtrainsratherthantheircars,butI’llbemovingonhowtoreusethingsweusuallythrowawaylikeglassandplastic.M:Thatisamazing!Goodluck！Thanks,Linda!Questions:17.Howdidthewomanlearntomakevlogs?18.Accordingtothewoman,whydoesshefocusonenvironmentalissues?19.Howdidthewomanfeelwhenhervlogsfirstbecameahit?20.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation？,II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Children'sFineMotorSkillsUsingaforktoeat,zippingupasweatshirtandturningadoorknobareallthingsmostpeopledowithoutthinking,butchildrenspendtheirearlyyearsdevelopingandrefiningtheseabilities.Theyareknownasfinemotorskills,____21____thesmallmusclesofthehandswithadequatestrength,dexterity(灵巧)andcoordination(协调)tograspandcontrolobjectsandused.Itisfirmlybelieved____22____later,finemotorskillsdohelpchildrentosucceedinschool.____23____arealsoimportantinday-to-daylife.____24____(watch)ababyusetheiruncoordinatedarmsandlegsmightbeadorable,buttheseearlyreactionsarepracticeforthefinemotorskillsthey'lleventuallydevelop.____25____StephanieReich,aprofessoroftheUniversityofCalifornia,toddlersneedtoincreasethecoordinationoffinemovementsinthepreschoolyears.____26____childrengrowolder,thesefinemotorskillswillimproveandbecomemorecomplex.Forexample,a4-year-oldmayholdacrayonwiththeirfist,usingtheirwholehandtodraw.Butfive-year-oldscanstartusingapencilbetweenthefirstandmiddlefingersandthumb,asadultscan.Theelementaryschoolyearsandbeyondsee____27____(advanced)finemotorskills,suchaswhenchildrenlearntotieshoesbetween5and6yearsold.Ataboutage7,____28____(improve)performancecanbeamazinglywitnessed.However,everychilddevelopsattheirownpace.Ifasinglemilestone,suchasusingeatingutensils(餐具),____29____(delay),itisn'tnecessarilycauseforconcern.Infact,whenworkingonfinemotorskillsintheclassroom,shortlessonsprovidethemostbenefitforlearning,.Play-basedlearningisalsooneofthestrategiesthatarepreferred.Teachersmayalsousehand-eyecoordination-theabilityofachild'seyes____30____(control)theirhandsandfingers-toworkwithchildrentoimprovefinemotorskills.Usingcomputers,especiallyakeyboardandmouse,alsohelpsyoungerchildrenwithfinemotorskills.【答案】21.where,22.that23.They24.Watching25.Accordingto26.As27.moreadvanced28.improved29.isdelayed30.tocontrol【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲解了儿童的精细运动技能，最初儿童可以做简单的动作，如拉拉链，用刀叉等，在接下来的时间里，慢慢的孩子可以在日常生活和学习中深化这些日常动作，提高这些精细的运动技能。【21题详解】考查定语从句。句意：它们被称为精细运动技能，即手部的肌肉具有足够的力量、灵活性和协调性来抓握和控制物体并加以使用。分析句子结构可知，空格处应该填连词来连接后面的从句，从句不缺少成分，用来修饰前面的“finemotorskills”，“finemotorskills”在从句中充当地点状语，需要用where。故填where。【22题详解】考查主语从句。句意：后来人们坚信，良好的运动技能确实有助于孩子在学校取得成功。句子中It作形式主语，真正的主语从句被后置，根据句意和句子结构可知，主语从句不缺少成分，句意完整，需要用that来引导。故填that。【23题详解】考查代词。句意：他们在日常生活中也很重要。由句子结构分析可知，句子缺少主语，指代上一句的“finemotorskills”，所以填代词，因其指代复数含义，需要用They，故填They。【24题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看婴儿用他们不协调的胳膊和腿可能很可爱，但这些早期反应是为了练习他们最终发展的精细运动技能。分析句子结构，句子中动词是mightbe，所以空格处要用非谓语动词，watch和ababy之间是动宾关系，且表示伴随，需要用动名词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Watching。【25题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：根据加州大学的教授斯蒂芬妮·赖希所说，幼儿在学龄前需要增加细,微动作的协调性。分析句子结构，句子成分完整。根据句意，句子意思残缺，固定搭配accordingto“根据”符合语境，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Accordingto。【26题详解】考查状语从句。句意：随着孩子们年龄的增长，这些精细的运动技能将得到提高，并变得更加复杂。分析句子结构，空格处应填连词来引导从句，从句不缺少成分，根据句意，连词as“随着”符合语境，由as引导时间状语从句。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填As。【27题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：小学及以后可以看到更进一步的精细运动技能，如当孩子5至6岁学会系鞋带。由“finemotorskills”可知，空格处应该填形容词，advanced是形容词“先进的，进一步的”，结合语境，对比上文讲述4岁和5岁小孩子可以做的事情，那么5岁至6岁，即小学以后可以看到更近一步的精细运动技能，因此要用形容词的比较级。故填moreadvanced。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在7岁的时候，我们可以惊奇地看到他们的表现有所提高。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词修饰主语“performance”，故填improved。【29题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：如果一个单一的里程碑，比如使用餐具，被推迟，它不一定会引起关注。分析句子结构可知，if引导的从句缺少动词，主语是“asinglemilestone”，与动词delay之间是被动关系，由语境可知，表示事实应该用一般现在时，所以空出要填一般现在时的被动语态。故填isdelayed。【30题详解】考查不定式。句意：老师也可以利用手眼协调能力——孩子的眼睛，来控制他们的手和手指的能力——来帮助孩子提高精细的运动技能。分析句子结构可知，句中含有动词use，因此设空处应该用非谓语动词，根据句意老师可以使用手眼协调鞥能力去控制孩子的手和手指的能力，为目的状语，tocontrol符合语境。故填tocontrol。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.housingB.leisurelyC.soughtD.referenceE.primarilyF.legG.windingH.wildlyI.pioneeredJ.majorK.highlight,18thCenturyGrandTourofEuropeTheGrandTourbeganinthe16thcenturyandgainedpopularityduringthe17thcentury.Privileged（有特权）youngEuropeangraduates____31____atrendwheretheytraveledacrossthecontinentinsearchofartandculturalexperiencesupontheirgraduation.Thispractice,whichgrewtobe____32____popular,becameknownastheGrandTour.Specialtyguidebooks,tourguides,andotheraspectsofthetouristindustryweredevelopedduringthistimetomeettheneedsofwealthy20-somethingmaleandfemaletravelersastheyexploredtheEuropeancontinent.Theseyoung,classically-educatedTouristswererichenoughtofundmultipleyearsabroadforthemselvesandtheytookfulladvantageofthis.Theycarriedlettersof____33____andintroductionwiththemastheydepartedfromsouthernEnglandtocommunicatewithandlearnfrompeopletheymetinothercountries.SomeTourists____34____tocontinuetheireducationandbroadentheirhorizonswhileabroad,somewerejustafterfunand____35____travels,butmostdesiredacombinationofboth.AtypicaljourneythroughEuropewaslongand____36____withmanystopsalongtheway.LondonwascommonlyusedasastartingpointandtheTourwasusuallykickedoffwithadifficulttripacrosstheEnglishChannel.Crossingthewidechannelwasandisnoteasy.17th–and-18th-centuryTouristsriskedsea-sickness,illness,andevenshipwreckonthisfirst____37____oftravel.GrandTouristswere____38____interestedinvisitingcitiesthatwereconsideredcentersofcultureatthetime,soParis,Rome,andVenicewerenottobemissed.TheaverageGrandTouristtraveledfromcitytocity,usuallyspendingweeksinsmallercitiesandmonthsinthethree____39____ones.ThevastmajorityofTouriststookpartinsimilaractivitiesduringtheirexplorationwithartatthecenterofitall.OnceaTouristarrivedatadestination,hewouldlookfor____40____andsettleinforanywherefromweekstomonths,evenyears.Thoughcertainlynotanoverlytryingexperienceformost,theGrandTourpresentedauniquesetofchallengesfortravelerstoovercome.【答案】31.I32.H33.D34.C35.B36.G37.F38.E39.J40.A,【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是18世纪欧洲之旅。【31题详解】考查动词和时态。句意：享有特权的欧洲年轻毕业生开创了一种趋势，他们在毕业时走遍欧洲大陆，寻找艺术和文化体验。由“atrendwheretheytraveledacrossthecontinent”可知，欧洲年轻毕业生开创了一种趋势，空格处是“开创”，通篇是一般过去时，因此空格处是过去式pioneered，故选I。【32题详解】考查副词。句意：这种做法非常受欢迎，后来被称为“大旅行”。空格处用副词修饰形容词，由后面的“becameknownastheGrandTour”可知，这种做法非常受欢迎，空格处意为“极其，非常”，是wildly，故选H。【33题详解】考查名词。句意：他们带着推荐信和介绍信离开英格兰南部，与他们在其他国家遇到的人交流和学习。由“lettersof”可知，空格处用名词，由“andintroduction”可知，他们带着的是推荐信和介绍信，letterofreference意为“推荐信”，因此空格处是reference，故选D。【34题详解】考查动词和时态。句意：一些游客在国外寻求继续他们的教育和扩大他们的视野，一些人只是追求乐趣和悠闲的旅行，但大多数人希望两者的结合。由“tocontinuetheireducationandbroadentheirhorizonswhileabroad”可知，句子表示“游客在国外寻求继续他们的教育和扩大他们的视野”，空格处意为“寻求”，是seek，通篇时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式sought，故选C。【35题详解】考查形容词。句意：一些游客在国外寻求继续他们的教育和扩大他们的视野，一些人只是追求乐趣和悠闲的旅行，但大多数人希望两者的结合。空格处用形容词修饰名词travels，由前面的“justafterfun”可知，句子表示“一些人只是追求乐趣和悠闲的旅行”，因此空格处意为“悠闲的”，是形容词leisurely，故选B。【36题详解】考查形容词。句意：典型的欧洲之旅漫长而曲折，沿途要停靠许多站。空格处用形容词作表语，由后面的“manystopsalongtheway”可知，句子表示“典型的欧洲之旅漫长而曲折，沿途要停靠许多站”，空格处意为“蜿蜒曲折的”，是winding，故选G。,【37题详解】考查名词。句意：在17和18世纪，游客们冒着晕船、生病甚至海难的危险踏上了这段旅程的第一站。first后跟名词的单数，由后面的“oftravel”可知，句子表示“踏上了这段旅程的第一站”，空格处意为“（旅程或赛程的）一段，一程”，是leg，故选F。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：大游客们主要对参观当时被认为是文化中心的城市感兴趣，所以巴黎、罗马和威尼斯是不容错过的。空格处用副词修饰形容词interested，由“interestedinvisitingcitiesthatwereconsideredcentersofcultureatthetime”可知，大游客们主要对参观当时被认为是文化中心的城市感兴趣，空格处意为“主要地”，是副词primarily，故选E。【39题详解】考查形容词。句意：一般的“大游客”会从一个城市到另一个城市旅行，通常会在小城市待上几周，在三大城市待上几个月。空格处用形容词修饰代词ones，由上文的“soParis,Rome,andVenicewerenottobemissed”可知，游客在三大城市待上几个月，空格处是“大的”，是major，故选J。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：一旦游客到达一个目的地，他会寻找住房，并在任何地方安顿下来，从几周到几个月，甚至几年。空格处用名词作宾语，由后面的“settleinforanywhere”可知，游客是寻找住房，空格处是“住房”，是名词housing，故选A。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Theword"adolescence"literallymeans"growingup"（fromtheLatinadolescere）.____41____,itdescribesadistinctstagebetweenchildhoodandadulthood,butinpracticeoftensimplydefinesthe"teenage"years.InmostWesternsocieties,theideaofadolescencewasnot____42____untilthe20thcentury;childhoodendedandadulthoodbeganatacertainage–typicallyat18.,G.StanleyHall,apsychologistandeducator,inhis1904bookAdolescence,wasthefirsttoexplorethe____43____.HallwasinfluencedbyDarwin'stheoryofevolution,perceivingthatallchildhoods,especiallywithregardtobehaviorandearlyphysicaldevelopment,reflectthecourseof____44____change,andthatweeachdevelopinaccordancewithour"ancestralrecord".OnekeyinfluenceonHallwasthe18th-century"SturmandDrang"（StormandStress）movementofGermanwritersandmusicians,whichpromotedtotalfreedomofexpression.Hall____45____adolescenceas"SturmandDrang";heconsidereditastageofemotionaldisturbanceandrebellion,withbehaviorrangingfromquietmoodinesstowild____46____.Hestatedthatadolescents"areeagerforstrongfeelingsandnewsensations,whileroutineanddetailare____47____".Awarenessofselfandtheenvironmentgreatlyincreases;everythingismore____48____felt,andsensationispursuedforitsownsake.ManyofHall'sfindingsare____49____inresearchtoday.Hallbelievedthatadolescentsarehighlyaffectedbydepressionanddescribeda"curveofdespondency（消沉）"thatstartsattheageof11,____50____at15,thenfallssteadilyuntiltheageof23.Modernresearchacknowledgesasimilarpattern.ThecausesofdepressionthatHall____51____aresurprisinglyfamiliar:suspicionofbeingdislikedandhavingseeminglyinsuperablecharacterfaults,and"the____52____ofhopelesslove".Hebelievedtheself-consciousnessofadolescenceleadstocriticizingselfandothers.Thisviewmirrorslaterstudies,whicharguethatteenagers'advanced____53____skillsallowthemto"readbetweenthelines",whilealsointensifyingtheirsensitivitytosituations.EvenHall'sclaimthatcriminalactivityismorecommonintheteenageyears,reachingthetoparound18,still____54____.However,Hallwasnottotallynegativeaboutadolescence."Adolescenceisanew____55____,"ashewroteinYouth:ItsEducation,Regiment,andHygiene,"forthehigherandmorecompletelyhumanqualitiesarehowborn."41.A.IntheoryB.InessenceC.IncontrastD.Ingeneral42.A.exchangedB.recognizedC.imposedD.transformed43.A.differenceB.worldC.possibilityD.subject44.A.evolutionaryB.consequentialC.minimalD.structural45.A.employedB.interpretedC.treatedD.classified46.A.decision-makingB.problem-solvingC.risk-takingD.,example-following47.A.inexhaustibleB.intolerableC.inadequateD.instinctive48.A.keenlyB.hesitantlyC.slightlyD.oddly49.A.publishedB.revisedC.summarizedD.echoed50.A.bouncesB.jumpsC.swingsD.peaks51.A.promotedB.eliminatedC.identifiedD.determined52.A.lackB.fancyC.claimD.power53.A.reasoningB.copingC.socialD.verbal54.A.soundsone-sidedB.holdstrueC.remainsunknownsD.standsout55.A.trendB.outletC.birthD.model【答案】41.A42.B43.D44.A45.B46.C47.B48.A49.D50.D51.C52.B53.A54.B55.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是心理学家和教育家斯坦利·霍尔(G.StanleyHall)在1904年出版的《青春期》(Adolescence)一书中对“青春期”这一主题的探讨。【41题详解】考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：理论上，它描述的是童年和成年之间的一个明显阶段，但实际上，它通常只是简单地定义了“青少年”时期。A.Intheory理论上；B.Inessence本质上；C.Incontrast比较起来；D.Ingeneral通常。由后文的“butinpractice”可知，此处是说“在理论上”，即Intheory，故选A。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大多数西方社会，青春期的观念直到20世纪才被承认；童年结束，成年开始于某个年龄——通常是18岁。A.exchanged交换；B.recognized承认；C.imposed实施；D.transformed转换。由后文的“untilthe20thcentury”可知，青春期的观念直到20世纪才被承认，故选B。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家和教育家斯坦利·霍尔(G.StanleyHall)在1904年出版的《青春期》(Adolescence)一书中首次探讨了这一主题。A.difference不同之处；B.world世界；C.possibility可能性；D.subject主题。由前面的“inhis1904bookAdolescence”可,知，霍尔在《青春期》中探讨了青春期这个主题，故选D。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：霍尔受到达尔文进化论的影响，他认为所有的童年，尤其是行为和早期身体发育，都反映了进化变化的过程，我们每个人都是按照我们的“祖先记录”发展的。A.evolutionary进化的；B.consequential随之而来的；C.minimal最小的；D.structural结构的。由上文的“influencedbyDarwin'stheoryofevolution”可知，霍尔受到达尔文进化论的影响，认为所有的童年都反映了进化变化的过程，故选A。【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍尔将青春期解释为“狂飙时期”。A.employed雇佣；B.interpreted解释；C.treated对待；D.classified分类。由后面的“as"SturmandDrang"”可知，霍尔将青春期解释为“狂飙时期”，故选B。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他认为这是一个情绪紊乱和叛逆的阶段，行为从安静的喜怒无常到疯狂的冒险。A.decision-making决策；B.problem-solving解决问题；C.risk-taking冒险；D.example-following效仿。由前面的“SturmandDrang”可知，句子表示“这个阶段的行为从安静的喜怒无常到疯狂的冒险”。故选C。【47题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说，青少年“渴望强烈的感觉和新的感觉，而常规和细节是无法忍受的”。A.inexhaustible无穷无尽的；B.intolerable无法忍受的；C.inadequate不够的；D.instinctive本能的。由前面的“areeagerforstrongfeelingsandnewsensations”可知，句子表示“青少年“渴望强烈的感觉和新的感觉，而常规和细节是无法忍受的””，故选B。【48题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：一切事物的感觉都更为敏锐，人们追求的是感觉本身。A.keenly敏锐地；B.hesitantly犹豫地；C.slightly轻微地；D.oddly古怪地。由前面的“Awarenessofselfandtheenvironmentgreatlyincreases”可知，他们对自我和环境的意识大大提高，因此一切事物的感觉都更为敏锐，故选A。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍尔的许多发现在今天的研究中得到了呼应。A.published出版；B.revised修改；C.summarized总结；D.echoed附和。由后面的“Modernresearchacknowledgesasimilarpattern”可知，霍尔的许多发现在今天的研究中得到了呼应，因此空格处是“附和”,，故选D。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍尔认为，青少年深受抑郁的影响，并描述了一条“抑郁曲线”，从11岁开始，15岁达到顶峰，然后稳步下降，直到23岁。A.bounces反弹；B.jumps跳；C.swings摆动；D.peaks顶峰。由前面的“starts”和后面的“thenfallssteadily”可知，句子表示“从11岁开始，15岁达到顶峰，然后稳步下降”，故选D。【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍尔所指出的抑郁症的原因令人惊讶地熟悉：怀疑自己不受欢迎，有看似无法克服的性格缺点，以及“对无望的爱情的幻想”。A.promoted促进；B.eliminated去除；C.identified识别；D.determined决定。由前面的“ThecausesofdepressionthatHall”可知，此处指霍尔所指出的抑郁症的原因，空格处是“识别”，故选C。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：霍尔所指出的抑郁症的原因令人惊讶地熟悉:怀疑自己不受欢迎，有看似无法克服的性格缺点，以及“对无望的爱情的幻想”。A.lack缺乏；B.fancy幻想；C.claim声称；D.power权力。由后面的“ofhopelesslove”可知，此处是指“对无望的爱情的幻想”，故选B。【53题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一观点反映了后来的研究，后者认为青少年的高级推理能力使他们能够“读懂言外之意”，同时也增强了他们对环境的敏感性。A.reasoning推理的；B.coping应对；C.social社会的；D.verbal口头的。由后文的“allowthemto''readbetweenthelines"”可知，青少年的高级推理能力使他们能够“读懂言外之意”，空格处是“推理的”，故选A。【54题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：即使是霍尔所说的犯罪活动在青少年时期更为普遍，在18岁左右达到顶峰的说法也仍然成立。A.soundsone-sided听起来一边倒；B.holdstrue适用；C.remainsunknowns仍然未知；D.standsout突出。由前面的“Modernresearchacknowledgesasimilarpattern”可知，此处表示“霍尔所说的在18岁左右达到顶峰的说法也仍然成立”，因此空格处是“适用”，故选B。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如他在《青年：教育、团体和卫生》一书中所写的那样，,“青春期是一种新生，因为更高、更完整的人类素质是如何诞生的。”A.trend趋势；B.outlet分销点；C.birth出生；D.model模型。由后面的“forthehigherandmorecompletelyhumanqualitiesarehowborn”可知，此处是说“青春期是一种新生”，故选C。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)For38-year-oldJustinHerald,thejourneytowealthbeganoneSundaymorningatachurchinSydney'snorthwest,whenhewasinvolvedinaquarrelwithamemberofthechurchchoir."Youhaveanattitudeproblem,"shetoldhim.Theaccusationsparkedsomethinginhim,andheborrowed$50fromhisbrothertohavefourT-shirtsprintedwiththeslogan:"Idon'thaveanattitudeproblem;youhaveaperceptionproblem.""Itwasthebest$50Ieverspent,"laughsHerald.Bytheendofthemorning,hehadsoldthreeofthefourT-shirts.Withthemoneyhemade,hehadanothersixprinted,then12,then24."Thatfirstyeartheearningwere$98,000,"hesays.Hisbusiness,AttitudeInc.,isnowamulti-million-dollarcompanywithawiderangeofproductssellingin3,500storesacrossAustralia.Hisbusinesswasduetonotjustclevermarketing-thepubliclovedtheslogan-butalsohehastoadmitthatinthosedaystherewasverylittlecompetitioninhissectoroftheclothingindustry,andhewasintherightplaceattherighttime.Themediaspotlightalsohelped,withpeoplepayingattentiontoHerald'slikeablepersonalityandinfectionspassionforhisbusiness:thenightofoneTVappearance,187storesrangtogethisproductsintotheirstores.Heraldsoldthebusinessthreeyearsago,bywhichtimeitwasturningover$30millionayear,andnowspendshistimeasamotivationalspeaker.Hismessage:anyonecanbefinanciallysuccessfuliftheysettheirmindtoit."Youhavetohavealotofstickability,becausenoteverythingisgoingtoworkthewayyouplanit."StilllivinginCastleHillwithhiswifeandtwochildren,Heraldbelievestoomanysuccessfulpeoplebecomecaughtupinthetrappingsofwealth."IhavelivedheresinceIleftschoolat16,"he,says."Inthisarea,youdon'tforgetwhereyoucamefrom."56.WhydoesHeraldthinkitwasthebest$50heeverspent?A.BecausethatsumofmoneycoveredthecostoffourT-shirtB.Becausethatsumofmoneyshowedhisaccusationwaswrong.C.Becausehereceivedthatsumofmoneywhenhewasinneed.D.Becausehegainedmorethanexpectedfromthatsumofmoney.57.AccordingtoHerald,thesuccessofhisbusinessresultedfrom_________.A.goodtimingandcooperationB.businesssenseandluckC.fiercecompetitionandpassionD.familybackgroundandmotivation58.Theunderlinedword"stickability"（paragraph6）isclosestinmeaningto_________.A.competenceB.conscienceC.persistenceD.fortune59.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe_________A.AttitudePaysOffB.NoBravery,NoGainsC.StartaBusinessD.NeverTooOldtoChallengeYourself【答案】56.D57.B58.C59.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是JustinHerald的致富的过程，强调了他的坚持使他富有。【56题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Bytheendofthemorning,hehadsoldthreeofthefourT-shirts.Withthemoneyhemade,hehadanothersixprinted,then12,then24."Thatfirstyeartheearningwere$98,000,"hesays.（到上午结束时，他已经卖出了四件t恤中的三件。用赚来的钱，他又印了6张，然后是12张，然后是24张。“第一年的收入是9.8万美元，”他说。）”可知，Herald认为这是他花过的最好的50美元是因为他从那笔钱中获得了超出预期的收益。故选D。【57题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Hisbusinesswasduetonotjustclevermarketing-thepubliclovedtheslogan-butalsohehastoadmitthatinthosedaystherewasverylittlecompetitioninhissectoroftheclothingindustry,andhewasintherightplaceattherighttime.（他的生意不仅因为高明的市场营销——公众喜欢这个口号——而且他不得不承认，当时他所在的服装行业几乎没有竞争，而且他在正确的时间出现在了正确的地方。）”可知，据Herald,说，他生意的成功源于商业意识和运气，故选B。【58题详解】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“anyonecanbefinanciallysuccessfuliftheysettheirmindtoit（只要下定决心，任何人都可以在经济上获得成功）”及“becausenoteverythingisgoingtoworkthewayyouplanit（因为并不是所有事情都能按照你的计划进行）”可知，并不是所有事情都能按照你的计划进行，因此要下定决心，坚持下去，也就是要有毅力，划线词stickability的意思是“坚持不懈”，即persistence，故选C。【59题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Theaccusationsparkedsomethinginhim,andheborrowed$50fromhisbrothertohavefourT-shirtsprintedwiththeslogan:"Idon'thaveanattitudeproblem;youhaveaperceptionproblem."（这一指控触动了他的内心，他向哥哥借了50美元，买了四件t恤，上面印着这样的标语：“我没有态度问题;你的看法有问题。”）”可知，本文主要讲的是JustinHerald的致富的过程，并说明了他变得富有是因为他有坚持不懈的态度，因此最好的题目是A选项“AttitudePaysOff（态度得到了回报）”，故选A。(B)Thesmell,thewarmth,thedistincttaste—agoodcupofcoffeeiswhatgetsusthroughthedayandhelpsustounwindattheendofit.AndinwalksthePodCoffeeMachine.Thisskillfulkitchendeviceishereforconvenience.ProsCons●Usuallyquitesmall-sized●Cheaptobuy—somecostaslittleas£40.●Goodforoccasionalcoffeedrinkers,asthesealedpodskeepcoffeefresh.●MoreexpensiveperthinkthanBean-to-cupcoffeeorbeans.●Coffeepodscreatewaste,asmanypodsareplastic.Toensurethatyougetthebestfixofcaffeine,we’veroundedupalistofwhatweconsiderthebestpodcoffeemachinesinmind.HamiltonBeach(49976)PodCoffeeMachineNespressoPixieEspressoPodCoffeeTwiceasnice!Whetherit’sforaquickcuponthegooracoffeedatewithfriends,thisnotbeveragemakergivesMachineDesignedtoplease,notonlyisthismachinesmall,youtheoptiontoselectasingleservingortobrewupawholepot.Humbleinappearance,thismulti-servepodcoffeemakercomeswithanotheraddedbonus;usetheloosecoffeegroundsoptionifyoupreferabrandthatdoesnotcomeinapod.★★★★☆21,017ratings$104.99$124.87Currentlyunavailable.Wedon’tknowwhenorifthisitemwillbebackinstock.enoughtofitinthesmallestofkitchens,butthe19-barhigh-pressurepumpalsoensuresthateachpodisreleasedtoensuremaster-styleresults.Heatingupinonly25seconds,thissingle-servekitchenbuddywillhaveyourcupofcoffeereadyinlessthan2minutes.★★★613ratings$159.95NespressoInissiaOriginalPodCoffeeMachineThisPREMIUMCHOICEmodelisidealforsmallhouseholdswhoenjoynovelcoffeesthatarepreparedinnotimeatall.Oryoucanpreparethecoffeeforthego.BuyAldicoffeepodstocutthepriceofyourdailybrewandsaveadollar.Andthey’reallcompatible(兼容)withNespressomachines.★★★★★3.676ratings$149.95Only10leftinstock.Ordersoon.$66.75(6Second-hand)KeuringK55/K-ClassicPodCoffeeMachineIfthestrengthorweaknessofyourcoffeeisoneofyourgreatestconcern,thenthismachinemightcomeinquitehandy.Thesmallerthepot,thestrongerthecoffee.★★★☆2.665ratings$118.26$121.4360.Accordingtothepassage,podcoffeemachinesattractpeople__________.A.whowanttobringconveniencetotheirkitchenlifeB.whoarekeenonthetypicaltasteofBean-to-cupcoffeeC.whoattachimportancetothelightweightofplasticmachinesD.whopayattentiontotheircarbonfootprintsontheenvironment61.Ifthecustomersisexceptionallymindfuloftheprice,whichofthefollowingwillbeagooddeal?A.HamiltonBeach(49976)PodCoffeeMachine.B.NespressoInissiaOriginalPodCoffeeMachine.,C.NespressoPixieEspressoPodCoffeeMachine.D.KeuringK55/K-ClassicPodCoffeeMachine.62.___________isperfectforanextendedfamilywhopreferhigh-qualitycoffee.A.HamiltonBeach(49976)PodCoffeeMachineB.NespressoInissiaOriginalPodCoffeeMachineC.NespressoPixieEspressoPodCoffeeMachineD.KeuringK55/K-ClassicPodCoffeeMachine【答案】60.A61.B62.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是Pod咖啡机的特点。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Thisskillfulkitchendeviceishereforconvenience.”（这个灵巧的厨房设备是为了方便。）可知，根据文章，Pod咖啡机吸引了想给厨房生活带来便利的人们，故选A。【61题详解】细节理解题。对比四种机型的价钱“$104.99$124.87，$159.95，$149.95$66.75(6Second-hand)，$118.26$121.43”可知，如果顾客特别在意价格，那他可以买二手的，只花66.75美元，因此可以选择NespressoInissiaOriginalPodCoffeeMachine。故选B。62题详解】推理判断题。根据HamiltonBeach(49976)PodCoffeeMachine部分的“Whetherit’sforaquickcuponthegooracoffeedatewithfriends,thisnotbeveragemakergivesyoutheoptiontoselectasingleservingortobrewupawholepot.”（无论是在路上匆匆喝一杯，还是和朋友约会喝杯咖啡，这款咖啡机都为您提供了选择单一服务或煮整壶咖啡的选项，这不是饮料制造商给你的选择。）可知，HamiltonBeach(49976)PodCoffeeMachine可以煮一整壶咖啡，适合大家庭，因此这个机型是大家庭完美的选择，故选A。(C)Deepbelowtheground,radioactiveelementsbreakupwatermolecules（分子）,producingingredientsthatcanfuelsubsurfacelife.Thisprocess,knownasradio-lysis（辐射分解）,hassustainedbacteriainisolated,water-filledcracksonEarthformillionstobillionsofyears.NowastudypublishedinAstro-biologyshowsthatradiolysismayhavesupportedlifeintheMartian,subsurface.Duststorms,raysintheuniverseandsolarwindsruintheRedPlanet'ssurface.Butbelow-ground,somelifemightfindrefuge."TheenvironmentwiththebestchanceofhabitabilityonMarsisthesubsurface,"saysJesseTarnas,aplanetaryscientistatNASA.ExaminingtheMartinundergroundcouldhelpscientistslearnwhetherlifecouldhavesurvivedthere.AndthebestsubsurfacesamplesavailabletodayareMartinmeteorites（陨石）thathavecrash-landedonEarth.Tarnasandhiscolleagueevaluatedthemineralmakeupandradio-activeelementabundanceintheMartinsurfaceusingsatelliteandroverdata.Theyinputthesedataintoacomputermodelthatsimulated（模拟）radiolysistoseehowefficientlytheprocesswouldhavegeneratedhydrogengasandotherchemicalingredientsthatcansustaintheundergroundbacteria.Theresearchersreportthatifwaterwaspresent,radiolysisintheMartinsubsurfacecouldhavesustainedlifeforbillionsofyearsandperhapsstillcouldtoday.ScientistspreviouslystudiedMarsradiolysis,butthismarksthefirstestimateusingMartinrockstoquantifytheplanet'ssubsurfacehabitability.TarnasandhiscolleaguesalsoevaluatedthepotentialrichnessoflifeintheMartinundergroundandfoundthatasmanyasamillionbacteriacouldexistinakilogramofrock.Themosthabitablemeteoritesamplesanalysedappearedtobemadeofarocktypecalledregolithbreccia."ThesearethoughttocomefromthesouthernhighlandsofMars,whichisthemostancientareaonMars,"Tarnassays.Undergroundlife,asdescribedbythisresearch,wouldrequirewateranditremainsunknownifgroundwaterexistsontheplanet,saysLujendraOjha,aplanetaryscientistatRutgersUniversity.DeterminingwhethertheMartinsubsurfacecontainswaterwillbeanimportantnextstep,butthisinvestigationhelpstomotivatethatsearch.Ojhasays,"Wherethereisgroundwater,therecouldbelife."63.ScientistsbelievetheMartiansubsurfacemightbehabitableprobablybecause_________.A.theMartinsurfaceabsorbsraysintheuniverseB.radio-lysismayexistintheMartianundergroundC.radiationcombinesingredientsforsubsurfacelifetosurviveD.cracksinMartianmeteoritesoverflowwithbacteria64.What'sthepurposeofusingMartianmeteorites?,A.TomeasuretheMartianhabitabilitybelow-groundB.Tosimulatetheprocessofproducinghydrogen.C.TohelplifefindshelterfromsolarwindsD.Toexplorethesourceofhydrogengas.65.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelast3paragraphs?A.TarnaswasthefirsttostudyMarsradiolysis.B.TheMartianundergroundprovedtoberichinbacteria.C.ThesouthernhighlandsofMarsarethemosthabitable.D.Theexistenceofgroundwateriskeytotheinvestigationfindings.66.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith_________.A.thereasonfornolifeontheMartiansurfaceB.thesourceofdataforthestudyofMartianhabitabilityC.thepossibilityofMarssustaininglifethroughradiationD.therichnessofradioactiveelementsbelowtheMartiansurface【答案】63B64.A65.D66.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要是关于火星通过辐射维持生命的可能性。【63题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“NowastudypublishedinAstro-biologyshowsthatradiolysismayhavesupportedlifeintheMartiansubsurface.（现在发表在《天体生物学》杂志上的一项研究表明，辐射裂解可能有助于火星地下的生命存在）”，可知，科学家们认为火星地下可能适合居住，这可能是因为火星地下可能存在辐射分解现象。故选B。【64题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“below-ground,somelifemightfindrefuge.（在地下，一些生命可能会找到避难所）”和“ExaminingtheMartinundergroundcouldhelpscientistslearnwhetherlifecouldhavesurvivedthere.AndthebestsubsurfacesamplesavailabletodayareMartinmeteorites（陨石）thathavecrash-landedonEarth.（研究地下的马丁可以帮助科学家们了解那里是否有生命存在。而目前可获得的最好的地表下样本是撞击地球的马丁陨石）”，可知，使用火星陨石的目的是为了测量火星地下的可居住性。故选A。,【65题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Undergroundlife,asdescribedbythisresearch,wouldrequirewateranditremainsunknownifgroundwaterexistsontheplanet（正如这项研究所描述的那样，地下生命需要水，而目前还不清楚地球上是否存在地下水）”和“DeterminingwhethertheMartinsubsurfacecontainswaterwillbeanimportantnextstep,butthisinvestigationhelpstomotivatethatsearch.Ojhasays,‘Wherethereisgroundwater,therecouldbelife.’（下一步重要的一步是确定马丁号的地下是否有水，但这次调查有助于推动搜索。Ojha说:“哪里有地下水，哪里就可能有生命”）”，可知，从最后3段可以推断出“地下水的存在是调查结果的关键。”故选D。【66题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Deepbelowtheground,radioactiveelementsbreakupwatermolecules（分子）,producingingredientsthatcanfuelsubsurfacelife.Thisprocess,knownasradio-lysis（辐射分解）,hassustainedbacteriainisolated,water-filledcracksonEarthformillionstobillionsofyears.NowastudypublishedinAstro-biologyshowsthatradiolysismayhavesupportedlifeintheMartiansubsurface.（在地下深处，放射性元素分解水分子，产生能够为地下生命提供燃料的成分。这个过程被称为辐射分解，使细菌在地球上孤立的、充满水的裂缝中存活了数百万到数十亿年。现在发表在《天体生物学》杂志上的一项研究表明，放射性分解可能有助于火星地下的生命存在）”，可知，这篇文章主要是关于火星通过辐射维持生命的可能性。故选C。SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Gout（痛风）:TheDiseaseofKingsGout,oncethediseaseofgeniuses,conquerorsandkings,nowisaffectingthemasses.Butcomesatnight,firstasafevereddream,thenpainindarkness,thebodyturnedrudeanimals_____67_____Sostrongisthesensitivityofthisswollenbigtoethatthefaintestfootstepofasympatheticvisitorisagunshotstraighttothenerve.Itwillnothelp,atsuchasmoment,torecallthatAlexandertheGreat,LeonardodaVinci,IsaacNewtonreportedlysuffered._____68_____Inthewordsofthe17th-centuryFrenchpoet,Goutfallsontoapoormanandthen,horrifiedbyherhost'sceaselesslabor,didnothinginabuilding.Surelyit'satimeofalessenlightened,morehierarchical（等级制）age.Wecanlaughatfromthesafedistanceofthe,presentday.ButtheAmericancriticSusanSontagwarnedusagainstillnessasmyth.Goutisnotapunishment,certainlynotanembarrassmentand,itishighlycurable,ifgoodtreatmentisfollowed.Andthediseasehasnotbeenlimitedtothepast._____69_____Fromthe1960stothe1990s,thenumberofsufferersdoubledintheUnitedStates,andthat'scontinuedtorise.Itistemptingtoseegoutasanannoyingangelandcometopunishgreed.Mentioningtheromanticaspectoftuberculosis（肺结核）inthe19thcentury,Sontagarguedthatgoutwascontrarytotubercular.Thegout-riddenwereguiltyofeatingtoomuch,whilethosedyingoftubercularwerethemselvesconsumedfromtheinside.Duringthatperiod,turningthinnerfromtubercularwastakenasasignofelegance,withpoetsconsideredunreliableiftheyweighedmorethanahundredpounds,andso"itbecamerudetoeatheartily".Sontagalsohighlightedastrangesocialphenomenon._____70_____Greatmen"grewfat,wrotenovelsandconqueredcontinents."A.Ifyouareagoutsufferer,youarenotalone.B.Nooneknowswhat'sbehindthephenomenon.C.Norisitanylongerexclusivetorichwhitemen.D.Thefootisredandswollen,poundinglikeaheart.E.Wemightdismissgoutasaghostfromafable,whichitwas.F.Thetubercular'shollowcheekswereconsidereddesirablelookforwomen.【答案】67.D68.E69.C70.F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了痛风从过去是天才、征服者和国王的疾病，现在正影响着大众。【67题详解】根据前句“Butcomesatnight,firstasafevereddream,thenpainindarkness,thebodyturnedrudeanimals.(但在夜晚来临，首先是一个发烧的梦，然后是痛苦的黑暗，身体变成了粗鲁的动物。)”和后句“Sostrongisthesensitivityofthisswollenbigtoethatthefaintestfootstepofasympatheticvisitorisagunshotstraighttothenerve.(这个肿胀的大脚趾的敏感度是如此之强以至于一个有同情心的来访者最轻微的脚步声都会直接击中他的神经。)”可知，这里陈述痛风的症状。所以选择项D“Thefootisredandswollen,poundinglikeaheart.(脚又红又肿，像心脏一样怦怦直跳。)”符合上下文语境。故选D。【68题详解】,根据后句“Inthewordsofthe17th-centuryFrenchpoet,Goutfallsontoapoormanandthen,horrifiedbyherhost'sceaselesslabor,didnothinginabuilding.(用17世纪法国诗人的话说，痛风症发生在一个可怜的人身上，然后，被她的主人无休止的劳动吓坏了，在一栋建筑里什么也没做。)”可知，这里陈述过去对痛风的认识很少，以至于人们对痛风不予理睬。所以选择项E“Wemightdismissgoutasaghostfromafable,whichitwas.(我们可能会把痛风当作寓言中的鬼魂而不予理睬，确实如此。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。【69题详解】根据前句“Andthediseasehasnotbeenlimitedtothepast.(这种疾病并不局限于过去。)”和后句“Fromthe1960stothe1990s,thenumberofsufferersdoubledintheUnitedStates,andthat'scontinuedtorise.(从20世纪60年代到90年代，美国的患者数量翻了一番，而且还在继续上升。)”可知，痛风过去是美国富人经常得的，所以常常是白人的专利。所以选择项C“Norisitanylongerexclusivetorichwhitemen.(它也不再是富有的白人男性的专利。)”符合上下文语境。呼应下文。故选C。【70题详解】根据前句“Sontagalsohighlightedastrangesocialphenomenon.(桑塔格还强调了一种奇怪的社会现象。)”可知，后句介绍这种奇怪的社会现象。所以选择项F“Thetubercular'shollowcheekswereconsidereddesirablelookforwomen.(肺结核患者凹陷的脸颊被认为是女性的理想外貌。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。IV.SummaryWriting71.Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.71.MindfulnessMindfulnesstypicallyreferstoastateofin-the-momentawarenessinwhichoneavoidsjudgingthethoughtsandemotionsofhimselfandothers.Itisoftenpracticedinmeditation（冥想）andsomeformsoftherapy.Numerousfindingsfrompsychologicalresearchsuggestpracticingmindfulnesscanleadtomanybenefits,includingstressreductionandincreasedpsychologicalwell-being.Forexample,inastudyofcancerpatients,cultivatingmindfulnessthroughmeditationorothermindfulness-basedtrainingenabledpeopletobemoreselectiveabouttheiremotionalexperiences,enablingthemtoreducetheirstressandanxietywhileincreasingpositiveemotions.Similarly,studiesshowthatmindfulnesscan,alsoenhanceinformationprocessingspeedwhilereducingeffortandnegativethoughtsandthemeditatorssignificantlyoutperformedthenon-meditatorsonallmeasuresofattention,suggestionthatmindfulnessimprovesone'sabilitytofocus.Itisapparentthatmindfulnesshasmanynoteworthybenefits,whichincludeeverything,frompsychologicaltophysicalimprovements.However,researchhasalsoshownthatinsomecasesmindfulnesscanalsoleadtonegativeoutcomes.Forexample,onestudyfoundthatfollowingmindfulnessmeditation,participantsweremorelikelytoformtakememories,demonstratingapotentialunintendeddownsidetomindfulness.Inaddition,anotherstudysuggestedmindfulnessresearchersneededtobecarefulthattheydidn'tlearnparticipantsbybringingaboutunpleasantmental,physical,orspiritualreactionsthroughmindfulness.Forexample,mindfulnessmeditationmayresultinsevereanxietyforthosediagnosedwithPost-traumaticStressDisorder（PTSD）（创伤后应激障碍）.ThosewithPTSDtendtoavoidthoughtsandfeelingsrelatedtotheirtrauma.However,mindfulnessmeditationencouragesemotionalopenness,whichcouldleadindividualswithPTSDtoexperiencethestressorsthattheypreviouslyavoided,potentiallyleadingtore-traumatization.Itcan'tbedeniedthatmindfulnessisanimportanttoolinthemanagerialtoolbox,butitisnotacure-all,anditmustbeappliedthoughtfullytobeeffective.【答案】Mindfulnessmeansbeinginthepresentmindstatewithoutassessingoneselforothers.Manyfindingssuggestpracticingmindfulnesshasmanybenefits,includingstressreductionandincreasedattention.Despitethesebenefits,mindfulnesscancomeatacostbecauseitmayformfalsememoriesandhurtparticipantsbymagnifyingnegativememories.Thereforeitshouldbeusedcarefully.（55词）【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了可以避免对自己和他人的想法和情绪进行评判的正念这一意识状态。正念可以减轻人们的压力、提高心理健康、减少消极思想，然而正念的练习也可能导致创伤后应激障碍患者更为严重的焦虑。【详解】1.要点摘录①Mindfulnesstypicallyreferstoastateofin-the-momentawarenessinwhichoneavoidsjudgingthethoughtsandemotionsofhimselfandothers.②Numerousfindingsfrompsychologicalresearchsuggestpracticingmindfulnesscanleadtomany,benefits,includingstressreductionandincreasedpsychologicalwell-being.③However,researchhasalsoshownthatinsomecasesmindfulnesscanalsoleadtonegativeoutcomes.④itmustbeappliedthoughtfullytobeeffective.2.缜密构思第1个要点总起介绍相关概念，第2、3个要点是并列关系，分别陈述了积极影响和消极影响，第4个要点对全文进行总结归纳。3.遣词造句①Mindfulnessmeansbeinginthepresentmindstatewithoutassessingoneselforothers.②Manyfindingssuggestpracticingmindfulnesshasmanybenefits③Despitethesebenefits,mindfulnesscancomeatacostbecauseitmayformfalsememoriesandhurtparticipantsbymagnifyingnegativememories.④Thereforeitshouldbeusedcarefully.【点睛】[高分句型1]mindfulnesscancomeatacostbecauseitmayformfalsememoriesandhurtparticipantsbymagnifyingnegativememories.（because引导原因状语从句）[高分句型2]Manyfindingssuggestpracticingmindfulnesshasmanybenefits（省略连接词that的宾语从句以及动名词作主语）V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.快把冰箱里牛奶喝掉，它很容易坏。（for）(汉译英)【答案】Drink（up）themilkinthefridgeassoonaspossible,foritgoesbadeasily.【解析】【详解】考查祈使句、介词短语和原因状语从句引导词。表示“喝掉”应用动词drink(up)；表示“快”短语为assoonaspossible；表示“冰箱里的”介词短语为inthefridge，表示“它很容易坏”itgoesbadeasily,作为从句表示原因，用for来引导，从句应为foritgoesbadeasily；故翻译为Drink（up）themilkinthefridgeassoonaspossible,foritgoesbadeasily.73.40年前买一块普通手表要花一个人一整年的收入，这是真的吗？（it）(汉译英)【答案】Is/Wasittruethatanordinarywatchcostapersonawholeyear’sincome40yearsago?【解析】,【详解】考查固定句型。表示“……是真的吗？”应用Is/Wasittrue…；表示“一个普通的手表”应用anordinarywatch，作从句中的主语；表示“花费”应该用cost，作句子的谓语；表示“一个人一整年的收入”应用apersonawholeyear’sincome，作句子的宾语。故翻译为Is/Wasittruethatanordinarywatchcostapersonawholeyear’sincome40yearsago?。74.昨天，我按说明书的建议给新买的手电筒充了电，结果发现它不能正常工作。（recommend）(汉译英)【答案】Ichargedthenewlyboughttorchyesterday,as(was)recommendedintheinstructions,onlytofindthatitfailedtoworkproperly.【解析】【详解】考查状语从句的省略、过去分词作状语和不定式作结果状语。该句是复合句，含as引导的方式状语从句；表示“昨天”用yesterday，表示“我按说明书的建议给新买的手电筒充了电”用Ichargedthenewlyboughttorchyesterday，as(was)recommendedintheinstructions，其中主句用一般过去时，从句是省略的状语从句，从句主语I和谓语动词recommend之间是被动关系，是一般过去时的被动语态，句中省略了相同的主语和be动词，是as加过去分词作状语；表示“结果发现它不能正常工作”用onlytofindthatitfailedtoworkproperly，此处是动词不定式作未料到的结果状语。故答案为Ichargedthenewlyboughttorchyesterday,as(was)recommendedintheinstructions,onlytofindthatitfailedtoworkproperly.75.最近一个月来，时令蔬菜大量上市，因其品种丰富，价格亲民，百姓的选择越来越多。（available）(汉译英)【答案】Inthepast/lastmonth,seasonalvegetableshavebeenavailableonthemarketinlargequantities,andpeoplehavemorechoicesbecauseofthegreatvarietiesandconsumer-friendlyprices.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语和形容词。表示“最近一个月”用“Inthepast/lastmonth”；表示“时令蔬菜”用seasonalvegetables；表示“上市”可用availableonthemarket；表示“大量”可用介词短语inlargequantities；表示“因为”可用becauseof；表示“品种丰富”用名词greatvarieties；表示“价格亲民”用名词consumer-friendlyprices；故翻译为Inthepast/lastmonth,seasonalvegetableshavebeenavailableonthemarketinlargequantities,andpeoplehavemorechoicesbecauseofthegreatvarietiesandconsumer-friendlyprices.VI.GuidedWriting76.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgiven,belowinChinese.据报道，陪伴读者23年的上海书城福州路点计划重装。为了更好地在互联网时代服务读者，值此重装之际，上海书城向全社会征集建议。假如你是读者李明，你对此很感兴趣，并决定给相关负责人写一封信，内容包括：1.重装的建议（如：功能、风格等）；2.相应的理由。【答案】DearSirorMadam,Iamafrequentuserofourbookstore.FirstIwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetoyouasthebookstoreoffersgreathelptous.Iamwritingthisletterwiththeaimofrenderingmysuggestionstoimprovethequalityofthebookstorerestoration.Firstly,you’dbetterarrangeaninquirydeskwherecomputersconnectedtointernetarelaidatthecirculationhallsothatwecangothroughtheprocedures,likesearchingforsomespecificbooks,moreefficiently.Besides,thelightinsomecornersisnotsobrightthatwecannotlookthroughbooksconveniently.What’smore,thestyleofthebookstoreshouldbemoreyoungsters-centered,whichwillattractmoreyoungreaders.Lastbutnotleast,theamountandthetypesofthebookscanhardlymeetourdemands,soIsuggestthatyourbookstorewillbeabletocollectmorefamousandpopularbooks.ThankyoufortakingtimereadingthisletterandIhopeyouwillfindtheproposalspractical.Yourpromptattentiontomyadvicewouldbehighlyappreciated.Yourssincerely,LiHua【解析】【分析】本文是一篇建议信。要求考生给书城负责人写封建议信，提出对重装书店的建议。【详解】1.词汇积累：首先：first→inthefirstplace/firstandforemost表达感谢：expressmygratitudeto→bethankful/gratefulto为了：sothat→inorderthat/inaneffortto满足需求：meet→satisfyourneeds/demands2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Ihopeyouwillfindtheproposalspractical.,拓展句：Ihopeyouwillfindthattheproposalsarepractical.【点睛】【高分句型1】Firstly,you’dbetterarrangeaninquirydeskwherecomputersconnectedtointernetarelaidatthecirculationhallsothatwecangothroughtheprocedures,likesearchingforsomespecificbooks,moreefficiently.（关系副词where引导的定语从句）【高分句型2】What’smore,thestyleofthebookstoreshouldbemoreyoungsters-centered,whichwillattractmoreyoungreaders.（关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句）