上海市崇明区2022届高三英语一模试题（Word版带解析）

崇明区2022届第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语考试时间120分钟，满分140分。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatismostprobablythewoman’soccupation?A.Abankclerk.B.Ashopassistant.C.Anairhostess.D.Ahotelreceptionist.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:Here’stheroomkey.Enjoyyourstay.Bytheway,thecheckouttimeis12noon.M:Thanksforremindingme.Q:Whatismostprobablythewoman’soccupation?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howmuchshouldthemanpayintotal?A.$10.B.$15.C.$25.D.$30.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:I’dliketobuytwoadultticketsandonestudenttickettotheVanGoghexhibit.Howmuch?W:Thecostoftheadultticketsis10dollarseach.Thestudentticketishalftheprice.Q:Howmuchshouldthemanpayintotal?3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】,A.Buysomeingredientsforthesalad.B.Waitforthewomantoreturn.C.Handthestoreovertothewoman.D.Makeashoppinglist.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Whydon’tyougivethesaladmoreflavour?M:Goodidea.TellmewhatyoulikeandI’llrunovertothecornerstoretogetit.Q:Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Itdoesn’ttakelongtodrivethere.B.Hehasmemorizedeverypartofthedrive.C.Hedoesn’twanttodriveanymore.D.TheroadtoBridgeporthasjustbeenopened.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:EversinceyourwifemovedtoBridgeport,howmanytimesdoyoudrivethereeachweek?M:Ihavelostcount.ButIcandoitwithmyeyesclosed.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanimply?A.Theticketwasexpensive.B.Hedidn’tbuytheticket.C.Theticketshavebeensoldout.D.Hedoesn’tknowthepriceoftheticket.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Sohowmuchwasyourplaneticket?M:MorethanIcouldreallyafford.Ihadtodigintomysavings.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?6.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】,A.DeliverthenotebooktoCathy.B.LookforCathy’snotebook.C.AskCathytoexplainthechemistrynotes.D.AskCathyfortheman’snotebook.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Couldyoudomeafavour?IreallyneedtogetthisnotebooktoCathy,andIknowshe’sinyourchemistryclassthisafternoon.W:Noproblem.Q:Whatwillthewomanmostprobablydo?7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Hehopestograduatebeforethesummer.B.Thewomanwon’tbeabletokeepupthepace.C.Thewomanwillgraduateaftertheman.D.Hedoesn’twanttoattendschoolyearround.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:IfIcankeepupthepace,Iwillgraduateinjust3years.M:Thatmaybetrue,butIneverwanttogiveupmysummerbreaks.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?8.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.He’lljointhebandsoonerorlater.B.Hehadabadtimeintheschoolband.C.Hequitthebandforacademicreasons.D.He’sstillamemberoftheschoolband.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:You’vedroppedoutoftheschoolband,haven’tyou?ButIthoughtyoulovedit.M:Ido.Butwithallthetimeawayfrommystudies,mygradesarereallystartingtoslip.,Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatcanbelearnedfromtheconversation?A.Themanisusedtocoldweather.B.TheweatherinOctobershouldbewarmer.C.Themandisbelievestheweatherforecast.D.Theweatherthisweekendwillremainwarm.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Didyouseetheweatherforecastforthisweekend?Ican’tbelievethetemperatureisgoingtodropsodramatically.M:Idid.Butitisn’twhatOctobershouldbelike.Q:Whatcanbelearnedfromtheconversation?10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Hisprojectcouldn’tcontinueduetothegovernment.B.Hedidn’tneedanysupportfromthegovernment.C.Hisproject’sfinancialproblemhasbeensolved.D.Hehasalreadystoppedhisprojecthalfway.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:David,howiseverythinggoingwithyourproject?M:Now,it’sundersmoothprogress.Butwithoutthefinancialsupportfromthegovernment,wewouldhavestoppedithalfway.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecide,whichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whatdoesthepassagemainlywanttotellus?A.Manyleadersareanxiousabouttheirteam’sproductivity.B.Employeesarehappierwhentheyworkfromhome.C.Moreandmorepeopleprefertoworkathomenow.D.Workingremotelyimprovesemployees’productivity.12.AccordingtothedatafromRescueTime,howmuchpercentoftimecanbesavedoncommunicationeachday?A.4%.B.18%.C.38%.D.58%.13.HowcanthedatafromRescueTimeinfluenceleaders?A.Itcanstrengthentheirleadership.B.Itcanhelpthemmanagetheirtime.C.Itcanrelievethemofsomeconcern.D.Itcancausethemtosethighergoals.【答案】11.D12.B13.C【解析】【原文】Manyleadersareworriedabouthowproductivetheirpeoplecanactuallybeathome.Newdata,however,suggeststhattheycanprobablyrelax.ThedatacomesfromRescueTime,atimemanagementtoolthatmonitorshowyouspendeveryminuteoftimeonyourcomputersoyoucanmakebetteruseofyourday.Thecompanycarefullyexaminedtheinformationanddeliveredhappynewsaboutourproductivitywhenweworkfromhome.Accordingtothedata,knowledgeworkers,softwaredevelopersandITprofessionalsareallmoreproductivewhentheyworkfromhome.Itshowsremoteworkershada4%increaseinaveragedailytimespentontheirimportantworkandan18%decreaseintimespentoncommunication.Overayear,thataddsupto58morehoursspentonimportantwork.Ifthetimesavedoncommunicationisaddedtothetimesavedfromtravelingtoandfromwork,workerswillsaveatleastthreehoursadaywhentheygoremote.That’sgreatnewsformanagers,andemployeesareprobablyprettyexcitedaboutthatshifttoo.Thedatasuggeststheleaderscanremoveatleastoneitemfromtheirlonglistofanxieties.,Remoteworkprobablyisn’tkillingtheirteam’sproductivity.(Nowlistenagain,please)Questions:11.Whatdoesthepassagemainlywanttotellus?12.AccordingtothedatafromRescueTime,howmuchpercentoftimecanbesavedoncommunicationeachday?13.HowcanthedatafromRescueTimeinfluenceleaders?听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theimportanceofbeestoagriculture.B.Thefactorsincausingthedeclineofbees.C.Thereasonsforchoosingadayforbees.D.Thewaystoincreasethediversityofbees.15.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthefactorsthatareputtingbeesatrisk?A.Thechangeintheirfoodforms.B.Thedisappearanceoftheirhomes.C.Thelossofsomeplants.D.Thepoorharvestinagriculture.16.WhatimpactmightErikaThompson’sonlinevideosmostprobablybring?A.Raisingawarenessofprotectingbees.B.Keepingmorepeopleawayfrombees.C.Inspiringmoreartworksaboutbees.D.Encouragingprofessorstokeepbees.【答案】14.C15.B16.A【解析】【原文】There’sadayforjustabouteverything,andtheUnitedNationshasselectedMay20asWorldBeeDayforworldwiderecognitionoftheimportanceofbees.“Thereare20,000speciesofbeesaroundtheworldandalotofthesebeesareindecline,”saysJosephSmith,abeeexpertwiththeUN’sFoodandAgricultureOrganization.Thatincludeshoneybees,ofcourse,butSmithsaystheyonlymakeupaverysmallpartofallthekindsofbeesintheworld.Climatechange,poisonouschemicalsusedinagricultureandthelossoflivingspacesareputtingmanyofthosespeciesatrisk.“Beesreallyprovideforusinmanyways,likefoodandhumanwell-being.They’reimportantforourculture,datingbackthousandsofyearsintermsofinspirationof,art,”Smithsays.TheyevenprovideinspirationforErikaThompson,aprofessionalbeekeeperinTexas,toshareherworkonline.Herfanswatchwithdelight—andsometimesalittlehorror—asshepicksuppilesofbeeswithherbarehandsandthenmovesthemfromdangerousplacestosomewheresafer.Thompson’sworkisaboutmorethangettingmillionsofviewspervideo.Shenotesthatbeesareakeyfactorincreatingdiverseandhealthyecosystems.(Nowlistenagain,please)Questions:14.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?15.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthefactorsthatareputtingbeesatrisk?16.WhatimpactmightErikaThompson’sonlinevideosmostprobablybring?听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Howtobookamovieticket.B.Whomtoseeamoviewith.C.Whethertoseeamovie.D.Wheretoseeamovie.18.WhatcanbelearnedaboutMarvel’snewmovie?A.Ithasbeenwidelycriticized.B.Ithasreceivedgoodcomments.C.Ithasatotallydifferentstyle.D.Ithasbeenreviewedmanytimes.19.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthereasonswhythemanpreferstoseeamovieatatheatre?A.Itcreatesbetteratmosphere.B.Helikesthecompanyofstrangers.C.Itismuchmorerelaxing.D.HedislikesMarvel’soldmovies.20.Whydidn’tthewomanwanttogotothetheatreatfirst?A.Shefeltverytired.B.Shetriedtoavoidthetallguy.C.SheneededsomesleepD.She’dliketoseethetinydetails.【答案】17.D18.B19.A20.A【解析】【原文】M:I’vereallybeenlookingforwardtoseeingMarvel’snewmovieatthetheatre.W:Iknowthecriticsgaveitgoodreviews,butIwashopingtowatchamovieathome.HowaboutjuststreamingadifferentMarvelmovietonight?,M:What?No.Iwanttoseethemostcurrentone.Andtoreallygetthefulleffect,youhavetoseethemovieonthesilverscreen.W:Butit’smorerelaxingathome,andIcanliedownwhilewatchingsomething.I’mkindofexhausted,youknow.M:Oncewegettothetheatre,you’llfeelbetter.W:Idoubtit.Wehavemorefreedomathome,too.Wecanpausethemovieandgetsnacksorusethebathroomwithoutmissinganything.M:ButIenjoythatcommercialexperienceofwatchingamovieinthedarkwithstrangers.AndonlyonabigscreencanyouseeallthetinydetailsyoumightmissonaTVscreen.Andthesoundsurroundsyouandmakesyoufeellikeyou’rerightinthescreen.W:Well,youcan’tstayinthatworldwhenpeople’sphoneslightup.M:Itonlyhappensoccasionally.Anyway,it’lldousgoodtogetout.W:OK,Iguess…butIhopethistimetherewon’tbeatallguysittinginfrontofme.(Nowlistenagain,please)Questions:17.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?18.WhatcanbelearnedaboutMarvel’snewmovie?19.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthereasonswhythemanpreferstoseeamovieatatheatre?20.Whydidn’tthewomanwanttogotothetheatreatfirst?II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ArtistsShowConcernforEnvironmentatSmithsonianCraftShowTheUnitedNationssaysmorethanonemillionplantandanimalspeciesarelikelytodieoutbecauseofhumanactivity.Thatthreat____21____theenvironmentandconcernsaboutclimatechangeinfluencedpeopleattendingtheSmithsonianCraftShowlastmonth.Theshowgaverecognitiontoartists____22____(create)environmentallysustainableworks.TheSmithsonianCommitteeismadeupofvolunteersfromtheWashington,D.C.area.Joann,Symonsisthegroup’spresident.“Inrecentyears,we’venoticedthattheartistsinourshowshavebeenworkingwithmorerenewablematerialsandmethods____23____areenvironmentallysafe.That’s____24____we’vedecidedthatwewillrewardthoseeffortsbyofferingaSustainabilityAwardeveryyearatourshow,”saidSymons.Attheshowlastmonth,120artistsfromacrosstheUnitedStatespresentedworksofartin12differentmaterials.Twenty-oneartistsmettherequirementsforsustainability.Bydoingso,theywontheright____25____(compete)fortheHonoringtheFutureSustainabilityAward.Thewinnerreceivedaprizeof1,000dollars.MaryJaegercreatesherworksofartinanearly100-year-oldfactorybuildinginBrooklyn,NewYork.Shemakesartworksthat____26____bewornasclothing.Itcombinesthetime-honoredqualitiesofJapanesetextileswithmodernWesterndesigns.Jaegerwonthe“HonoringtheFutureSustainabilityAward”forhersilkcreations.Shemakesthembyhand,combiningearlierprojectswithmaterials____27____(leave)over.Theartistsaid,“____28____IlookatthesebeautifulsilksthatIhaveacquiredovertheyearsofdesigning,Iwantedtorepurposethemintosomethingthatwastrulybeautiful,butcompletelydifferentthantheoriginalproduct...”FranDubrowski____29____(head)HonoringtheFuture,anonprofitorganizationthatprovidesthesustainabilityaward.Shesaidthegroup_____30_____(set)uptotakeadvantageofthepowerofarttoeducateandengagethepubliconclimatechange.【答案】21.to22.creating23.that##which24.why25.tocompete26.can27.left28.When##As29.heads30.wasset##hadbeenset【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了艺术家在史密森尼工艺展上表达对环境的关心。【21题详解】考查介词。句意：对环境的威胁和对气候变化的担忧影响了上个月参加史密森工艺展的人们。threatto为固定用法，意为“对……的威胁”。故填to。【22题详解】,考查非谓语动词。句意：该展览表彰了创造环境可持续发展作品的艺术家。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词gives，空处需填非谓语动词，artists和create为逻辑上的主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填creating。【23题详解】考查定语从句。句意：近年来，我们注意到我们展览中的艺术家一直在使用更多的可再生材料和环保的方法。空处引导定语从句，先行词methods，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。【24题详解】考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么我们决定每年在展会上颁发一个可持续发展奖来奖励这些努力。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少原因状语，需用连接副词why引导。故填why。【25题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过这样做，他们赢得了竞争未来可持续发展奖的权利。空处修饰名词theright，需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填tocompete。【26题详解】考查情态动词。句意：她制作可以当衣服穿的艺术品。结合语境可知，空处需填情态动词can，表示“可以，能够”。故填can。【27题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她将早期的作品和剩余的材料结合起来，手工制作这些作品。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，materials和leave为逻辑上的动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填left。【28题详解】考查状语从句。句意：这位艺术家说:“当我看到这些我经过多年设计获得的美丽的丝绸时，我想把它们改造成真正美丽的东西，但又和原来的产品完全不同……”。空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，需用as/when引导。故填as/when。【29题详解】考查动词时态。句意：弗兰·杜博洛斯基(FranDubrowski)是“尊重未来”(honortheFuture)的负责人，这是一家提供可持续发展奖的非营利组织。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为FranDubrowski，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填heads。【30题详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：她说，成立这个组织是为了利用艺术的力量来教育公,众，让公众参与气候变化问题。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，从句可以看作陈述客观事实，也可看作陈述过去的动作，再根据said可知，从句使用一般过去时或者过去完成时，主语thegroup和set为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填wasset/hadbeenset。SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.awardedB.contemporaryC.demandD.emittedE.exploreF.exposureG.inevitableH.protectiveI.tragicJ.undertakeK.unmatchedPraiseforPioneersinScienceInmemoryofMarieCurieonherbirthdayonSaturday,theofficialwebsiteoftheNobelPrizepostedaphotographofhernotebooksaying,“MarieCuriediedofaplasticanaemia(再生障碍性贫血)on4July1934,aresultofyearsof___31___toradiationthroughherwork.Eventodayherlaboratorynotebookfrom1899-1902,isradioactiveandwillbefor1,500years.”ThetalesofMarieandotherscientistsofhertimeareinsomesensevery___32___.WilhelmConradRoentgen,aprofessorofphysicsattheWuerzburgUniversityinGermany,discoveredX-rayin1895.Ayearlater,AntoineHenriBecquerelfoundthatsomenaturalsubstances___33___rays,too.Later,Marieandherphysicisthusband,PierreCurie,gaveitaname,radioactivity.However,theharmfuleffectsofradioactivitywerenotdiscovereduntildecadeslater.Marieandher___34___scientistsdealtwithradioactivesubstancesfordecadesusinglittleornoprotection.Marie’sdeathisareminderabouttheriskspioneersinscience___35___.Itwasonlyafterpeoplehandlingradioactivesubstancesbegantogetsimilardiseasesthatmedicalexpertsaskedpeopletouseprotection.Today,medicalhealthworkersandpatientswearheavy___36___coversduringX-rays.Itisalmost___37___thatthoseexploringnewfrontiers(前沿)forscienceareexposingthemselvestounknowndangers.Thereisa(n)___38___forbetterprotectionforthepioneers,butthatisnotpossibleuntilthedangersarefullyknown.Forexample,thespacesuitsastronautswearprotectthemagainstradiation.However,onlytimewilltelliftherearesomeotherunknowndangersthattheyneedtoprotectthemselvesagainst.,Thecontributionsandsacrificesbysuchpioneerstothefieldofscienceare___39___anddeservingofourrespect.Becausethepioneersnotonly____40____newfrontiers,butalsohelpusbetterprotectourselvesfromunknownenvironments.【答案】31.F32.I33.D34.B35.J36.H37.G38.C39.K40.E【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章开头提出了居里夫人的死亡原因“再生性障碍贫血”其实是由于她多年工作中暴露于辐射的结果，以此为导入，介绍了那些探索科学新领域的人将自己暴露在未知的危险之中几乎是不可避免的。科研人员虽然穿着防护服，但还是存在未知的风险，从而提出这些先驱者对科学领域的做出的自我牺牲和贡献是无与伦比的，表达了对于他们的敬意。【31题详解】考查名词。句意：玛丽·居里于1934年7月4日死于再生障碍性贫血，这是她多年工作中暴露于辐射的结果。分析可知，设空处应是名词，与空后介词“to”结合构成固定短语，且后文“radiation”意为“辐射”，由此推知，应是F项“exposure”，名词，意为“面临；遭受（危险或不快）”，可构成固定短语“exposuretosth”，意为“暴露；受到”，符合语意要求。故选F项。【32题详解】考查形容词。句意：居里夫人和她那个时代的其他科学家的故事在某种意义上是非常悲惨的。空前“are”为系动词，所填空应是形容词。根据前文“Eventodayherlaboratorynotebookfrom1899-1902,isradioactiveandwillbefor1,500years.(即使在今天，她从1899年到1902年的实验室笔记仍然是放射性的，而且将在1500年里都是放射性的。)”语境可知，设空处应是消极意义的形容词。选项I“tragic”，形容词，意为“悲惨的；不幸的”，符合语境和语意要求。故选I项。【33题详解】考查动词。句意：一年后，安托万·亨利·贝克勒尔发现一些天然物质也会发出射线。分析可知，设空处应是从句的谓语动词，从句主语“somenaturalsubstances,”意为“一些天然物质”，宾语“rays”意为“射线”，由此可推知，所选动词应表达“释放”含义。选项D“emitted”，动词，意为“排放；发散”，符合语境和语意要求。故选D项。【34题详解】考查形容词。句意：居里夫人和她同时代的科学家几十年来一直在使用很少或根本没有保护的方法处理放射性物质。分析可知，设空处应是形容词作定语修饰空后名词“scientists(科学家)”，与“Marie”并列，且与前文“otherscientistsofhertime(她那个时代的其他科学家)”相呼应，应是指和她同时代的科学家们。选项B“contemporary”，形容词，意为“同时期的”，符合语境和语意要求。故选B项。【35题详解】考查动词。句意：居里夫人的死提醒我们科学先驱们所承担的风险。分析可知，“pioneersinscience___5__”为之前名词“therisks”的定语从句，从句主语为“pioneers”，“inscience”为其后置定语，先行词“therisks”为宾语，因此设空处为谓语动词，所选应是动词，结合先行词，即，其宾语“therisks”为“风险”含义，应是J项“undertake”，动词，意为“承担”，“undertaketherisks”意为“承担风险”，符合语境和语意搭配。故选J项。【36题详解】考查形容词。句意：今天，医疗卫生工作者和患者在接受X光检查时戴上厚厚的防护罩。分析可知，空后“covers”为名词，意为“覆盖物；外衣”，因此可推知设空处应是形容词作定语。结合“medicalexpertsaskedpeopletouseprotection(医学专家要求人们采取保护措施)”可知，这里应是指“防护罩”。选项H“protective”，形容词，意为“保护的；防护的”，符合语境和语意搭配。故选H项。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：那些探索科学新领域的人将自己暴露在未知的危险之中几乎是不可避免的。分析可知，空前“is”为系动词，设空处应是形容词作表语。根据后文主语从句“thatthoseexploringnewfrontiersforscienceareexposingthemselvestounknowndangers(那些探索科学新领域的人正把自己暴露在未知的危险之中)”语境可知，这种情况是无法避免的。选项G“inevitable”，形容词，意为“不可避免的；不能防止的”，符合语境和语意搭配。故选G项。【38题详解】考查名词。句意：有人要求为先驱者提供更好的保护，但在完全了解危险之前，这是不可能的。分析可知，空前“a(n)”为不定冠词，设空处应是名词，与空后“for”搭配。结合前文“Itisalmost___7__thatthoseexploringnewfrontiersforscienceareexposingthemselvestounknown,dangers.(那些探索科学新领域的人正把自己暴露在未知的危险之中是不可避免的。)”可知，对于这些人来说，在科研过程中，需要有更好的保护。C项“demand”，名词，意为“要求；需求”，可构成固定短语“ademandforsth”，意为“对……的一个需求”，符合语境和语意搭配。故选C项。【39题详解】考查形容词。句意：这些先驱者对科学领域的贡献和牺牲是无与伦比的，值得我们尊敬。分析可知，空前“are”为系动词，设空处应是形容词作表语。根据前文“Forexample,thespacesuitsastronautswearprotectthemagainstradiation.However,onlytimewilltelliftherearesomeotherunknowndangersthattheyneedtoprotectthemselvesagainst.(例如，宇航员穿的宇航服可以保护他们免受辐射。然而，只有时间才能证明是否还有其他未知的危险需要他们保护自己。)”可知，虽然穿着防护服，但还是存在未知的风险，他们在科学领域不仅做出了贡献也做出了牺牲，由此可知，这些都是无与伦比的。选项K“unmatched”，形容词，意为“无与伦比的”，符合语境和语意搭配。故选K项。40题详解】考查动词。句意：因为科研先驱们不仅探索新的领域，而且帮助我们更好地保护自己不受未知环境的影响。分析可知，设空处为句子的谓语动词，应是动词。结合主语“thepioneers”意为“先驱；先锋”，宾语“newfrontiers”意为“新领域”，由此可推知，谓语动词应表达“探索”含义。选项E“explore”，动词，意为“探索”，符合语境和语意搭配。故选E项。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Weallknowthedangersofadietthat’shighinfat.ButanewstudyfromresearchersattheTokyoMedicalandDentalUniversity(TMDU)inJapanhasnowfoundhavingafat-heavydietcanalso___41___hairloss.Intheaveragehealthyadult,thehairfolliclestemcells(HFSCs)(毛囊干细胞)___42___themselvesregularly,whichiswhyyourhairgrowsbackwhenyoucutitandalsowhyitbecomeslonger.Aswithmostthingsinthehumanbody,though,agingdoesn’tdotheHSFCsany___43___.,Asyougetolder,thestemcellslosetheirabilitytoreproduceas___44___astheyoncedid,leavingthehairtothinand/orfallout.InthestudycarriedoutbyTMDU’sdepartmentofstemcellbiology,micethathadbeengivenahigh-fatdiet(HFD)weremoresubjecttoinflammatory(炎症的)responsesinthebodywhich,___45___,blockedfollicleregeneration,leadingtohairloss.Whatwassurprisingwasthatthe___46___inthehairfolliclescouldhappeninaslittleasfourdaysspentonahigh-fatdietandthattheproblemseemedtobeworseinoldermice.“High-fatdietfeedingmakeshair___47___fasterbyreducingHFSCs,especiallyinoldmice,”explainsHironobuMorinaga,thestudy’sleadauthor.“WecomparedthegeneexpressioninHFSCsbetweenHFD-fedmiceandstandarddiet-fedmiceand___48___thefateofthoseHFSCsaftertheiractivation.”It’snotjustthe___49___contentofyourfoodthatcandamageyourhairaswhatyouconsumecanreallyaffecthowyourhairgrowsandevenwhethermenwillkeepit,asDrAliaAhmed,whospecializesinthestudyofskin,explains.___50___shortagesareoftentherootcauseofmanyhairproblems,addsDrAhmed.“Iron,vitaminA,vitaminD,vitaminE,etc.—therearesomanynutrientsinvolvedinhair___51___,”shesays.“It’snotjustgenetics.”Ifyou’vegotasweettooth,forexample,youmayneedtothinkabout___52___thesweetfood.Notonlyissugarbadforyourhair,butitcancauseyourbloodsugarlevelstorisedramatically,which,inmen,canraisethelevelsofthehormoneandrogen(雄性激素),leadingtofollicle___53___andpotentialhairloss.Butdon’tmakethe___54___ofsubstitutingsugarforartificialsweeteners.Takedietdrinksthatreplaceprocessedsugarwithartificialsweetenerslikeaspartame,forinstance.Intheiranalysisofaspartame,theUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)haslistedhairthinningandhairlossasoneofthemainsideeffectsof___55___ofaspartame.41.A.fitinwithB.makeupforC.copewithD.speedup42.A.cureB.renewC.identifyD.protect43.A.harmB.favoursC.justiceD.corrections44.A.efficientlyB.constructivelyC.generouslyD.fundamentally,45A.inturnB.bycontrastC.forinstanceD.asusual46.A.participatingB.perseveringC.worseningD.documenting47.A.dyingB.growingC.cleaningD.thinning48.A.alteredB.tracedC.suspectedD.stimulated49.A.proteinB.vitaminC.sugarD.fat50.A.SleepB.WaterC.NutritionalD.Widespread51.A.productsB.samplesC.disordersD.cells52.A.puttingdownB.messingupC.figuringoutD.turningover53.A.recreationB.damageC.replacementD.disappearance54.A.useB.prospectC.differenceD.mistake55.A.disrespectB.undervaluationC.overconsumptionD.misunderstanding【答案】41.D42.B43.B44.A45.A46.C47.D48.B49.D50.C51.C52.A53.B54.D55.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了高脂肪饮食会加速脱发，并解释了原因。【41题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是日本东京医学和牙科大学（TMDU）研究人员一项新研究发现，高脂肪饮食也会加速脱发。A.fitinwith配合；B.makeupfor弥补；C.copewith应付；D.speedup加速。根据后文“High-fatdietfeedingmakeshair___7___fasterbyreducingHFSCs”可知，高脂肪饮食会减少毛囊干细胞，加速脱发。故选D项。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在普通健康成年人中，毛囊干细胞（HFSCs）定期更新自己，这就是为什么你剪头发时头发又长了回来，也就是为什么头发变长了。A.cure治愈；B.renew更新；C.identify识别；D.protect保护。根据后文“whichiswhyyourhairgrowsbackwhenyoucutitand,alsowhyitbecomeslonger”可知，普通的健康成年人的头发剪掉了会再长，即毛囊干细胞会定期更新。故选B项。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，与人体内的大多数事物一样，衰老对HSFC没有任何帮助。A.harm伤害；B.favours支持，特别照顾；C.justice正义；D.corrections纠正。根据后文“Asyougetolder,thestemcellslosetheirabilitytoreproduceas___4___astheyoncedid,leavingthehairtothinand/orfallout.”可知，衰老对于干细胞没有帮助，dosb.favours表示“帮助某人”。故选B项。【44题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，干细胞失去了像以前一样高效繁殖的能力，导致头发变薄和（或者）脱落。A.efficiently有效地；B.constructively建设性地；C.generously慷慨地；D.fundamentally根本地。根据后文“leavingthehairtothinand/orfallout.”可知，随着年龄的增长，头发变薄和（或者）脱落，毛囊干细胞失去了曾经有效繁殖的能力。故选A项。【45题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在TMDU干细胞生物学系进行的研究中，被给予高脂肪饮食（HFD）的小鼠更容易产生身体炎症，继而阻碍毛囊再生，导致脱发。A.inturn继而；B.bycontrast相比之下；C.forinstance例如；D.asusual像往常一样。根据上文“micethathadbeengivenahigh-fatdiet(HFD)weremoresubjecttoinflammatory(炎症的)responsesinthebody”可知，被给予高脂肪饮食的小鼠会产生炎症，继而阻碍毛囊再生，导致脱发。故选A项。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，在高脂肪饮食的短短四天内，毛囊的恶化可能会发生，而老年老鼠的问题似乎更严重。A.participating参与；B.persevering坚持；C.worsening恶化；D.documenting记录。根据上文“micethathadbeengivenahigh-fatdiet(HFD)weremoresubjecttoinflammatory(炎症的)responsesinthebodywhich,___5___,blockedfollicleregeneration,leadingtohairloss.”可知，小鼠产生炎症，继而阻碍毛囊再生，导致脱发，此处表示这种恶化可能会在短短的四天内发生。故选C项。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该研究主要作者HironobuMorinaga解释说：“高脂肪饮食喂养通过减少毛囊干细胞，尤其是在老年鼠中，使头发变薄的速度加快。”。A.dying死亡；B.,growing成长；C.cleaning清洁；D.thinning使稀薄。根据上文“blockedfollicleregeneration,leadingtohairloss”可知，高脂肪饮食会使小鼠的毛发变少，更快变得稀薄。故选D项。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们比较了HFD喂养的小鼠和标准饮食喂养的小鼠之间毛囊干细胞的基因表达，并追踪了这些毛囊干细胞被激活后的命运。A.altered改变；B.traced追踪；C.suspected怀疑；D.stimulated刺激。根据语境，此处表示的是研究人员们对于不同喂养方式下老鼠的毛囊干细胞基因进行比较，并且追踪。故选B项。【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如专门研究皮肤的AliaAhmed博士所解释的，不仅仅是食物中的脂肪含量会损害你的头发，因为你吃的东西会真正影响你头发的生长，甚至影响男人是否会保有头发A.protein蛋白质；B.vitamin维生素；C.sugar糖；D.fat脂肪。根据上文“havingafat-heavydietcanalso___1___hairloss”可知，高脂肪饮食会导致头发减少，此处表示除了食物中脂肪含量会损害头发之外，还有其他因素也会有影响。故选D项。【50题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ahmed博士补充说，营养短缺往往是许多头发问题的根本原因。A.Sleep睡眠；B.Water水；C.Nutritional营养的；D.Widespread广泛分布的。根据后文“Iron,vitaminA,vitaminD,vitaminE,etc.—therearesomanynutrientsinvolvedinhair___11___”可知，营养短缺会导致头发疾病，所以营养短缺往往是许多头发问题的根本原因。故选C项。【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：“铁、维生素A、维生素D、维生素E等——头发疾病涉及到太多营养素。”A.products产品；B.samples样品；C.disorders疾病；D.cells细胞。根据上文“___10___shortagesareoftentherootcauseofmanyhairproblems”可知，营养短缺是许多头发问题的根本原因，即头发疾病涉及到太多营养素。故选C项。【52题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，如果你喜欢吃甜食，你可能需要考虑放下那些甜食。A.puttingdown放下；B.messingup搞乱；C.figuringout弄清楚；D.turningover翻身。根据后文“Notonlyissugarbadforyourhair,butitcancauseyourbloodsugarlevelstorisedramatically”可知，甜食对你的头发和血糖有坏处，所以你可能需要考虑放下甜食。故选A项。【53题详解】,考查名词词义辨析。句意：糖不仅对你的头发有害，而且会导致血糖水平升高，而男性的血糖升高会导致雄激素水平升高，导致毛囊损伤和潜在的脱发。A.recreation娱乐；B.damage损坏；C.replacement更换；D.disappearance失踪。根据上文“micethathadbeengivenahigh-fatdiet(HFD)weremoresubjecttoinflammatory(炎症的)responsesinthebodywhich,___5___,blockedfollicleregeneration,leadingtohairloss”可知，高脂肪饮食的小鼠会产生炎症，阻止毛囊再生，推测，男性多吃糖会导致血糖升高，雄激素水平升高，导致毛囊损伤。故选B项。【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但用人工甜味剂代替糖是错误的，不要这么做。A.use使用；B.prospect前景；C.difference差异；D.mistake错误。根据后文“theUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)haslistedhairthinningandhairlossasoneofthemainsideeffectsof___15___ofaspartame.”可知，人工甜味剂过量摄入会导致副作用，用人工甜味剂代替糖是错误的。故选D项。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）在对阿斯巴甜的分析中，将头发稀疏和脱发列入阿斯巴甜摄入过量的主要副作用之一。A.disrespect不尊重；B.undervaluation低估；C.overconsumption过度消费；D.misunderstanding误解。根据上文“Butdon’tmakethe___14___ofsubstitutingsugarforartificialsweeteners.”可推测，人工甜味剂摄入过量会导致副作用，推测此处表示过量摄入。故选C项。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)TheemployeesatHelwigCarbonProductsinMilwaukeehavetheirowncompanycafeteriaonasite,ararityitseemsmoreandmorethesedays.Butifanyonewantstoeatadoughnut(甜甜圈),it’sgoingtocosttwiceasmuchaswhattheymightpayforthesweetatthelocalgrocerystore.That’sbecauseHelwigCarbonProductshasawellnessprogram,anditisoneofmanylocalcompaniestryingtoshowemployeeshowtoeathealthier.“We’rereallytryingtopersuadepeopletoeathealthier,”saidCherylBrah,humanresources,directoratHelwigCarbonProducts.“Apieceoffruitis25cents;adoughnutis$1.50—andwestillhavepeoplewhobuydoughnuts.Peoplecomplain—butwereallytrytoputoureffortstowardthemiddle-of-the-linepeoplewhomightleanmoretowardthewellnessside,eventually.”Thiseffortisn’tjusthappeningatHelwigCarbon.Therehasbeenacity-widemovementof44localcompanieswhoaddedorevolvedtheirhealthandwellnessprogramstotheircompanyculture,andbecauseofitMilwaukeeisnownationallyrecognizedforalargenumberofbusinesseswithwellnessprograms.Itallstartedseveralyearsago,whenaprogramcalledWellCityMilwaukeeteamedupwith44localbusinessesthatcollectivelyrepresentaworkforceof130,000employees.WellCityMilwaukeeprovidedhealthypracticesguidelinesforbusinesses.Inexchange,itsurveyedtheemployeestofindoutwhattheirhealthneedsandriskswereandwhatactivitiestheyfoundinteresting.WellCitythensetaveryhighbarforcompaniestomeetalotofexpectationstobeconsideredatopwellnessprogram.CompaniesneededacommitmentfromtheCEO;toformawellnessteam;tocollectinformationfromtheemployeesinsurveysandhealthassessments;tocomeupwithanoperatingplan;tocreateasupportiveenvironment;toself-evaluatetheirefforts;andfinally,tochoosetheirbestapproaches.Thatmeantcomingupwithactivities,betternutritioneducation,andmotivationalprogramslikegettingpeopletoquitsmoking,gettingpeopleinformedicalself-careandworkingonstressmanagement.56.Whatdoesthepassagemainlywanttotellus?A.Companycafeteriasarerarerandrarerthesedays.B.Ahealthydietisespeciallyimportanttopeople’shealth.C.Companycultureisgainingpriorityinacompany’sdevelopment.D.Companiesaretryingtohelptheiremployeesthinkabouttheirhealth.57.Thecompanycafeteriachargesmuchmorefordoughnutsinorderto________.A.driveemployeestothelocalgrocerystoreB.showtherichingredientsofthedoughnutsC.profitmorefromthewellnessprogramDdiscouragethepurchaseofunhealthyfood58.“Themiddle-of-the-linepeople”inParagraph2refertothosewho________.,A.areneutralaboutwhattoeatB.areusedtocuttinginlinewhenbuyingfoodC.areaddictedtosweetfoodD.aremiddle-agedandhavehealthproblems59.AccordingtoWellCityMilwaukee’srequirements,atopwellnessprogramofacompanyshould________.A.motivateitsemployeestocooperatewitheachotherB.diagnoseandtreatitsemployees’diseaseseffectivelyC.initiaterelatedactivitiesbasedontheiremployees’needsD.prohibititsCEOfromputtinganypressureonitsemployees【答案】56.D57.D58.A59.C【解析】【分析】密尔沃基市海尔威格碳制品公司现在有大量拥有健康项目，它是许多试图向员工展示如何吃得更健康的当地公司之一，得到了全国的认可。44家当地公司在全市范围内开展了一项运动，他们在公司文化中加入或发展了健康和健康项目，公司正试图帮助他们的员工考虑他们的健康。【56题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“toformawellnessteam;tocollectinformationfromtheemployeesinsurveysandhealthassessments;tocomeupwithanoperatingplan;tocreateasupportiveenvironment;toself-evaluatetheirefforts;andfinally,tochoosetheirbestapproaches.（组建健康团队;在调查和健康评估中收集员工的信息;想出一个操作计划;创造一个支持性的环境;自我评价自己的努力;最后，选择他们最好的方法。）”结合上文可知，本文主要是介绍了公司正努力帮助员工考虑他们的健康问题，所以D选项“Companiesaretryingtohelptheiremployeesthinkabouttheirhealth.（公司正试图帮助他们的员工考虑他们的健康。）为本文主要大意。故选D项。【57题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Peoplecomplain—butwereallytrytoputoureffortstowardthemiddle-of-the-linepeoplewhomightleanmoretowardthewellnessside,eventually.,（人们会抱怨，但我们真的试图把我们的努力放在对吃什么持中立态度的人身上，他们最终可能更倾向于健康的一方。）”可以推知，提高甜甜圈的定价，是为了让人们不去买不健康的食物，从而购买健康食品，D选项“discouragethepurchaseofunhealthyfood（不鼓励购买不健康食品）”为正确意图。故选D项。【58题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句该词后面的定语从句“whomightleanmoretowardthewellnessside,eventually.（他们最终可能更倾向于健康的一方）”可知，划线词是指面临选择的人，可选健康也可选不健康食物的中立态度者，所以A选项“areneutralaboutwhattoeat（对吃什么持中立态度）”为相近意思。故选A项。【59题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后三句“WellCityMilwaukeeprovidedhealthypracticesguidelinesforbusinesses.Inexchange,itsurveyedtheemployeestofindoutwhattheirhealthneedsandriskswereandwhatactivitiestheyfoundinteresting.WellCitythensetaveryhighbarforcompaniestomeetalotofexpectationstobeconsideredatopwellnessprogram.（密尔沃基市为企业提供了健康的做法指导。作为交换，它调查了员工，了解他们的健康需求和风险，以及他们感兴趣的活动。嗯，WellCity为公司设定了很高的标准，以满足很多人的期望，从而被认为是一个顶级的健康项目。）”可知，C选项“initiaterelatedactivitiesbasedontheiremployees’needs（根据员工的需要发起相关的活动）”为顶级的健康项目标准。故选C项。(B)AWelcometotheofficialLouvreonlinesalessiteTheMuséeduLouvreisreopeningandwearegladtobeabletowelcomeyoubackagain.InlinewiththemeasurestakentopreventthespreadofCOVID-19,visitorswillberequiredtowearamask.Accordingtogovernmentrecommendations,allvisitorstotheLouvreaged12yearsandtwomonthsoroldermustshowaHealthPass.Allvisitors,includingthoseentitledtofreeadmission,mustbookatimeperiod.Pleaseacceptourapologiesfortheinconvenience.,IndividualticketsfortheMuseumAdmissionandreservationofatimeperiodtoaccessthepermanentcollections.Ticketsvalidfortheselecteddateonly.FulllistofvisitorsentitledtofreeadmissionatLouvre.fr.Generaladmission:€18TheMuséeduLouvreisopeneveryday—exceptTuesdays,January1,May1andDecember25—from9:00amto6:00pm.Visitorswillbeaskedtoleavetheexhibitionrooms30minutesbeforeclosure.Allticketspurchasedonlinearetime-stampedandnominative(记名的);youmaythereforebeaskedtoprovideproofofidentity.Theyareonlyvalidfortheservice,dateandtimeselected.Theycannotbeusedtoskipthequeuebutdoguaranteeaccesstothemuseumwithinhalfanhourofthetimeshownontheticket.Anyholderofanonlineticketwhodoesnotarrivewithintheassignedtimeperiodforadmissiontothemuseumshallbesubjecttothesameadmissionandwaitingconditionsasvisitorswithouttickets.Visitorsentitledtofreeadmission(otherthanLouvremembers)—Under18s,proofofIDrequired—16-25year-oldresidentsoftheEuropeanEconomicArea(EuropeanUnion,Norway,Iceland,andLiechtenstein),proofofIDandresidencyrequiredProfessionals—TeachersworkinginFrance,valid“PassEducation”required—Teachersofart,arthistoryortheappliedarts,validproofofemploymentstatingsubjecttaughtrequired—ArtistswiththeMaisondesArtistesorInternationalAssociationofArt,validproofrequiredOther—Jobseekers,validproofandIDrequired(datedwithinthelastyearorindicatingaperiodofvalidity),—Disabledvisitorsandthepersonaccompanyingthem60.Thispassagemainlyaimsat________.A.introducingtheexhibitsattheLouvreB.providingticketinginformationoftheLouvreC.listingrestrictionsonadmissiontotheLouvreD.illustratingtheservicesprovidedattheLouvre61.IfafamilyinNorway,includingthewife,anartteacher,thehusband,anITengineer,anda10-year-oldson,wanttovisittheLouvrethisweekend,theyshouldpayatleast________inall.A.€18B.€36C.€45D.€5462.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheLouvrefromthepassage?A.ItisopeneverydayexceptonTuesdays.B.Itsonlineticketsensureaccesstoitatanytime.C.ProofofIDisrequiredforanyonebuyingitsticketsonline.D.Ticketholdersmayberefusedtoenteritifarrivinganhourlate.【答案】60.B61.A62.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了卢浮宫的票务信息，涉及时效性、价格以及使用限制等信息。【60题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了进入卢浮宫所需要的门票信息，时效性、价格以及使用限制等信息，所以本文主要是为了提供卢浮宫的票务信息。故选B项。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据第三栏“Generaladmission:€18”（一般入场费：18欧元），可知丈夫，一位IT工程师需要支付18欧元；根据第五栏“Visitorsentitledtofreeadmission”（有权免费入场的访客）部分，“Under18s,proofofIDrequired”（18岁以下，需提供身份证明）以及“Teachersofart,arthistoryortheappliedarts,validproofofemploymentstatingsubjecttaughtrequired”（艺术、艺术史或应用艺术教师，需提供有效的就业证明，说明所教授的学科）可知，作为美术教师的妻子和10岁的儿子可以免费进入，所以全家人总计需要支付18欧元。故选A项。,【62题详解】细节理解题。根据第四栏第二段“Allticketspurchasedonlinearetime-stampedandnominative(记名的);youmaythereforebeaskedtoprovideproofofidentity.”（所有在线购买的门票都有时间戳和记名的；因此，可能会要求您提供身份证明）可知，任何人在网上购票都是需要提供身份证明的。故选C项。(C)ArecentstudypublishedinthejournalScienceAdvanceshasrevealedthattheUnitedStatesranksashighasthirdamongcountriescontributingtocoastalplasticpollution.Thenewresearchchallengestheonce-heldassumptionthattheUSisadequately“managing”itsplasticwaste.Apreviousstudyusing2010datathatdidnotaccountforplasticwasteexportshadrankedtheUS20th,globally,initscontributiontooceanplasticpollution.Usingplasticwastegeneration(产生)datafrom2016—thelatestavailableglobalnumbers—scientistscalculatedthatmorethanhalfofallplasticscollectedforrecycling(1.99milliontonsof3.91milliontonscollected)intheUSwereshippedabroad.Ofthis,88%ofexportswenttocountriesstrugglingtoeffectivelymanageplastics;andbetween15-25%waslow-valueorcontaminated(受污染的).Itmeansitwasunrecyclable.Takingthesefactorsintoaccount,theresearchersestimatedthatupto1milliontonsofUS-generatedplasticwasteendeduppollutingtheenvironmentbeyonditsownborders.Using2016data,thepaperalsoestimatedthatbetween0.91and1.25milliontonsofplasticwastegeneratedintheUSwaseitherlitteredorillegallydumpedintotheenvironmentdomestically.Combinedwithwasteexports,thismeanstheUScontributedupto2.25milliontonsofplasticsintotheenvironment.Ofthis,upto1.5milliontonsofplasticsendedupincoastalenvironments.ThisrankstheUSashighasthirdgloballyincontributingtocoastalplasticpollution.“TheUSgeneratesthemostplasticwasteofanyothercountryintheworld,butratherthanlookingtheproblemintheeye,wehaveoutsourcedittodevelopingcountries,”saidNickMallos,seniordirectorofOceanConservancy’sTrashFreeSeasprogramandaco-authorofthestudy.“Thesolutionhastostartathome.Weneedtocreateless,bycuttingoutunnecessarysingle-useplastics;weneedtocreatebetter,bydevelopinginnovativenewwaystopackageanddelivergoods;andwhereplasticsareinevitable,weneedtogreatlyimproveourrecyclingrates.”“Previousresearchhasprovidedglobalvaluesforplasticinputintotheenvironmentandcoastal,areas,butdetailedanalyseslikethisoneareimportantforindividualcountriestofurtherassesstheircontributions,”saidDr.JennaJambeck,DistinguishedProfessorattheUniversityofGeorgia’sCollegeofEngineeringandaco-authorofthestudy.“InthecaseoftheUnitedStates,itiscriticallyimportantthatweexamineourownbackyardandtakeresponsibilityforourglobalplasticfootprint.”63.Comparedwiththepreviousstudy,thenewone________.A.coversdatamorecomprehensivelyB.excludesplasticwasteshippedabroadC.iscontrarytothelatestglobalnumbersD.challengestherecyclingwayofplastics64.Accordingto2016data,whatcanbelearnedabouttheplasticwastegeneratedintheUS?A.OverhalfofitendeduppollutingtheenvironmentoutsidetheUS.B.Mostofitsexportedplasticwastewasn’tworthrecycling.C.Lessthanhalfofitwasactuallyrecycleddomestically.D.Moreofitislitteredorillegallydumpedthanexported.65.ItisimpliedbyNickMallosthat________.A.plasticpollutionindevelopingcountriesismoreseriousB.UShasbeenirresponsibleindealingwithitsplasticwasteC.USshouldcooperatewithotherstohandleitsplasticwasteD.innovativemeansareneededtoeliminatesingle-useplastics66.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.PlasticPollutionGreatRisktoMarineLifeB.USTopContributortoCoastalPlasticPollutionC.PlasticWasteMajorSourceofCoastalPollutionD.RecyclingEffectiveWaytoAddressPlasticWaste【答案】63.A64.C65.B66.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最近发表在《科学进展》杂志上的一项研究表明，在造成沿海塑料污染的国家中，美国排名第三，并对相关情况进行介绍。【63题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Apreviousstudyusing2010datathatdidnotaccountfor,plasticwasteexportshadrankedtheUS20th,globally,initscontributiontooceanplasticpollution.（此前的一项研究使用了2010年的数据，但未考虑塑料垃圾出口，将美国对海洋塑料污染的贡献排在全球第20位。）”可以推出，比起先前的研究，新的研究数据更加全面，所以A选项“coversdatamorecomprehensively（覆盖数据更加全面）”为正确选项。故选A项。【64题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Usingplasticwastegeneration(产生)datafrom2016—thelatestavailableglobalnumbers—scientistscalculatedthatmorethanhalfofallplasticscollectedforrecycling(1.99milliontonsof3.91milliontonscollected)intheUSwereshippedabroad.（利用2016年的塑料垃圾产生数据(全球可获得的最新数据)，科学家们计算出，在美国收集的用于回收的塑料中，有一半以上(391万吨中有199万吨)被运往海外。）”可以推知，只有不到一半的垃圾在国内被回收。故选C项。【65题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句““TheUSgeneratesthemostplasticwasteofanyothercountryintheworld,butratherthanlookingtheproblemintheeye,wehaveoutsourcedittodevelopingcountries,”saidNickMallos（海洋保护协会无垃圾海洋项目高级主任、该研究报告的合著者尼克·马洛斯说:“美国产生的塑料垃圾比世界上任何其他国家都多，但我们没有正视这个问题，而是把它外包给了发展中国家。”）”可推知，美国在处理塑料垃圾方面一直很不负责任。故选B项。【66题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一句“ArecentstudypublishedinthejournalScienceAdvanceshasrevealedthattheUnitedStatesranksashighasthirdamongcountriescontributingtocoastalplasticpollution.（最近发表在《科学进展》杂志上的一项研究表明，在造成沿海塑料污染的国家中，美国排名第三。）”和最后一句“InthecaseoftheUnitedStates,itiscriticallyimportantthatweexamineourownbackyardandtakeresponsibilityforourglobalplasticfootprint.（就美国而言，至关重要的是我们要检查自己的后院，并对我们的全球塑料足迹负责。）”可知本文主要是在介绍美国是沿海塑料垃圾头号罪魁祸首，所以B选项“USTopContributortoCoastalPlasticPollution（美国沿海塑料污染的头号贡献者）”为最合适的标题。故选B项。SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomore,sentencesthanyouneed.USBusinessesGiveintoWorkerDemandstoKeepEmployeesAsmanyAmericanbusinessesstruggletofilljobs,somehavestartednegotiatingdemandsthatusedtobenon-negotiableformosthourlyemployees.Oneofthetopdemandsformanyworkersisscheduling—thedaysandtimetheyspendonthejob.____67____Thatmeansemployeesarepushingbackagainstrequirementstoworkweekends,latenightsorholidays.____68____Therefore,workerscanbemorecarefulaboutthejobstheychoose.Therewere10.4millionjobopeningsattheendofAugustand11.1millionopeningsthemonthbefore.ThosenumbersarethehighestsinceatleastDecember2000,whenthegovernmentstartedrecordingthedata.Atthesametime,theU.S.LaborDepartmentsaidthenumberofpeoplequittingtheirjobsjumpedto4.3millioninAugustfrom4millioninJuly.Arecentstudyfromanemploymentcompanyfoundthatnearly40percentofjobseekersworldwidesaidscheduleflexibilitywasoneoftheirtopthreeissuesincareerdecisions.Instaworkisanemploymentmarketplacethatconnectslocalbusinesseswithhourlyworkers.____69____Suchchangesarehappeningascompaniestrytohiremoreworkersfortheupcomingholidayseason.TargetCorporation,forexample,saidthismonthitwillpay$2anhourmoretoemployeeswhoagreetoworkschedulesduringbusydaysoftheholidayseason.SumirMeghaniisco-founderandCEOofInstawork.____70____Hourlyworkersarenowaskinghowtheycangetthesamework-lifebalanceasworkersinotherkindsofjobswhocanworkremotely.Duringthepandemic(大流行病),hourlyworkerswerehitespeciallyhardwhenbusinesseslikedepartmentstoresandrestaurantswereforcedtocloseforafewmonthsduringthespringof2020.Thosewhoremainedemployedatessentialbusinesseslikegrocerystoresfoundthemselvesworkingtoomuchandtoohard.A.TherearecurrentlymanyjobopeningsintheUnitedStates.B.Hourlyworkersarenowseekingmoreflexibilityintheirschedules.C.Hethinkscompaniesarelearningthatmoneyalonecannotsolvetheirhiringissues.D.Now,henotes,it’smoreaboutwhatyouneedasanemployeeandhowwecanmakeyouhappy.E.ItsaystherateatwhichemployerswereabletofillweekendschedulesdroppedfromJanuary,throughAugustcomparedwithweekdaywork.F.Thatcontributedtoalaborshortage,forcingemployerstolookforwaystomaketheirjobsseemmoreattractivewhilealsocuttingbackonhoursofoperation.【答案】67.B68.A69.E70.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了为了留住员工，美国企业屈服于工人的要求。【67题详解】根据上文“Oneofthetopdemandsformanyworkersisscheduling—thedaysandtimetheyspendonthejob.”（对许多工人来说，最重要的要求之一就是在时间上的安排——他们在工作上花费的天数和时间）根据下文“Thatmeansemployeesarepushingbackagainstrequirementstoworkweekends,latenightsorholidays.”（这意味着员工们正在抵制周末、深夜或假期工作的要求。）可知，选项承接上文说明小时工对于工作时间的安排。flexibilityintheirschedules呼应下文的pushingbackagainstrequirementstoworkweekends,latenightsorholidays。故B选项“小时工现在正在寻求更灵活的工作时间”切题。故选B项。【68题详解】根据下文“Therewere10.4millionjobopeningsattheendofAugustand11.1millionopeningsthemonthbefore.ThosenumbersarethehighestsinceatleastDecember2000,whenthegovernmentstartedrecordingthedata.”（8月底有1040万个职位空缺，前一个月有1110万个。这是至少自2000年12月政府开始记录数据以来的最高数字）可知，本段在说目前美国有很多职位空缺。manyjobopenings呼应10.4millionjobopeningsattheendofAugustand11.1millionopenings。故A选项“目前美国有很多职位空缺”切题，为本段的标题。故选A项。【69题详解】根据上文“Instaworkisanemploymentmarketplacethatconnectslocalbusinesseswithhourlyworkers.”（Instawork是一个连接当地企业和小时工的就业市场）可知，选项承接上文说明改就业市场的统计情况。故E选项“报告称，从1月到8月，雇主能够安排周末时间的比例与工作日相比有所下降”切题。故选E项。【70题详解】根据上文“TargetCorporation,forexample,saidthismonthitwillpay$2anhourmoretoemployeeswhoagreetoworkschedulesduringbusydaysoftheholidayseason.SumirMeghaniisco-founderandCEOofInstawork.”（例如，TargetCorporation,本月表示，它将向同意在假日旺季工作的员工每小时多支付2美元。苏米尔·梅加尼是Instawork的联合创始人兼首席执行官。）可知选项承接上文说明苏米尔·梅加尼对于TargetCorporation的做法的观点。He指代的是上文的苏米尔·梅加尼。故C选项“他认为，企业正在认识到，单靠金钱无法解决他们的招聘问题。”切题。故选C项。IV.SummaryWriting71.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.IsSmallTalkNecessary?What’sthefirstthingyoudowhenyouenteracrowdedroom?Youprobablylookaroundforafamiliarface.Whenyoucan’tfindone,youhavetwochoices:youcanstandalone,oryoucanwalkupandspeaktosomeonethatyoudon’tknow.Startingaconversationwithastranger,though,isoftenuncomfortableandcanbealittlescary.Yetasyougothroughlife,you’resuretoencounterstrangersinmanydifferentsituations,whenaneedtoconnectwithotherswillhopefullyoutweighyourfears.Inordertoprepare,ithelpstolearntheartofsmalltalk.Smalltalkisthebeginningstageofacasualconversation,whichusuallytakesplacebetweenstrangersorcasualacquaintances.Withsmalltalk,twoormorepeoplesearchforcommoninterestsandpointsofconnection.Ifoneisdiscovered,theconversationusuallybeginstoflowmorenaturally,oftenresultingindeeperdiscussion.Masteringafewtechniqueswillallowyoutoenteraroomfullofstrangerswithconfidence.Whenyouwalkuptoagroup,noticeanyonetryingtomakeeyecontactwithyoubecausethisisoftenasignthatthepersonisinterestedintalking.Beginbyintroducingyourself,andthen,youshouldbeginwithoneofthreetopics:talkaboutyourself,theotherpersonorsomethingyoucanbothobserve,liketheweather.Anotherwaytobeginaconversationiswithacompliment.Yourpraiseofsomeone’sscarfmightleadtoadiscussionaboutfavoriteplacestoshop.RadiohostTerryGross,whohasinterviewedthousandsofpeopleovertheyears,saysoneopeningrequestworksforhereverytime:“Tellmeaboutyourself.”Thisapproachgetstheballrollingbecausepeopleenjoytalkingaboutthemselves.,Thoughsmalltalktakespractice,it’sworththeeffortandit’sthestimulusthatcanleadtodeeperconversations.【答案】Thoughstartingtotalkwithastrangerisdifficult,it’sunavoidable.Therefore,it’snecessarytoknowhowtostartwithsmalltalk,whichcanresultindeeperconversations.Todosmalltalkright,lookforsignsofinterestandbeginwithself-introductionandcommontopics.Youcanalsostartyourconversationwithpraisesoranopeningrequest.(57words)【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了闲聊的必要性以及想正确地进行闲聊的方法。【详解】1.要点摘录①Startingaconversationwithastranger,though,isoftenuncomfortableandcanbealittlescary.②Yetasyougothroughlife,you’resuretoencounterstrangersinmanydifferentsituations,whenaneedtoconnectwithotherswillhopefullyoutweighyourfears.③Smalltalkisthebeginningstageofacasualconversation,whichusuallytakesplacebetweenstrangersorcasualacquaintances.④Ifoneisdiscovered,theconversationusuallybeginstoflowmorenaturally,oftenresultingindeeperdiscussion.⑤Beginbyintroducingyourself,andthen,youshouldbeginwithoneofthreetopics:talkaboutyourself,theotherpersonorsomethingyoucanbothobserve,liketheweather.⑥Anotherwaytobeginaconversationiswithacompliment.2.缜密构思将1、2两个要点进行重组，二者为转折关系，将3、4两个要点进行整合，与前面两个要点形成因果关系。3.遣词造句Thoughstartingtotalkwithastrangerisdifficult,it’sunavoidable.it’snecessarytoknowhowtostartwithsmalltalk,whichcanresultindeeperconversations.Todosmalltalkright,lookforsignsofinterestandbeginwithself-introductionandcommontopics.Youcanalsostartyourconversationwithpraisesoranopeningrequest.【点睛】[高分句型1]Thoughstartingtotalkwithastrangerisdifficult,it’sunavoidable.（用一个省略的让步状语从句对第二段部分内容进行概括，表达高级）,[高分句型2]Therefore,it’snecessarytoknowhowtostartwithsmalltalk,whichcanresultindeeperconversations.（用which引导非限制性定语从句对第三段部分内容进行概括，表达高级）V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.他俩性格相似，已是多年的朋友了。(resemble)（汉译英）【答案】Theyresembleeachotherinpersonality,and/sothey’vebeenfriendsforyears.【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。表示“他们”应用they；表示“相似”应用resemble，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为they，谓语动词用原形；表示“彼此”应用eachother；表示“在性格方面”应用inpersonality；此处为并列句，表示顺承关系或者因果关系，需用连词and/so连接；表示“已经成为”应用现在完成时havebeen；表示“朋友”应用friends；表示“很多年了”应用foryears。故翻译成：Theyresembleeachotherinpersonality,and/sothey’vebeenfriendsforyears.73.拐角处突然窜出一只猫，把老人吓得倒退了几步。(Out)（汉译英）【答案】Outofthecornerrushedacat,whichfrightenedtheoldmanbackafewsteps.【解析】【详解】考查时态，倒装和非限制性定语从句。分析句意可知，为过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。“拐角处突然窜出一只猫”，此句中主语是acat，谓语动词是rushed，表地点、方位的介词短语Outofthecorner置于句首，句子发生全部倒装，故翻译为Outofthecornerrushedacat。表示“把老人吓得倒退了几步”应用非限制性定语从句whichfrightenedtheoldmanbackafewsteps，来修饰先行词acat，which代替先行词，指物，在从句中作主语。故翻译为Outofthecornerrushedacat,whichfrightenedtheoldmanbackafewsteps.74.这位摄影师工作孜孜不倦，技术又精湛，人们预测他的成名指日可待。(so…that…)（汉译英）【答案】Thephotographerworkssotirelesslyandhisskillsaresogoodthatpeoplepredicthisfameisjustaroundthecorner.【解析】【详解】考查时态、短语和从句。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；句中涉及so...that...“如此……以至于……”引导的结果状语从句；“这位摄影师”表达为thephotographer,，作主句主语，“工作”表达为work，作主句谓语动词，“孜孜不倦地”表达为tirelessly，作状语；“预测”表达为predict，作结果状语从句的谓语动词；“他的成名指日可待”处理为predict后的宾语从句；“他的成名”表达为hisfame，作宾语从句的谓语动词，“指日可待”表达为bearoundthecorner，作宾语从句的谓语动词。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Thephotographerworkssotirelesslyandhisskillsaresogoodthatpeoplepredicthisfameisjustaroundthecorner.75.看着孩子们渴求知识的眼睛，这位支教老师义无反顾地放弃了城市里的高薪工作，选择了留在这个小山村。(long)（汉译英）【答案】Lookingatthechildren’seyeslongingforknowledge,thevolunteerteachergaveuphishigh-payingjobinthecitywithouthesitationandchosetostayinthissmallmountainvillage.【解析】【详解】考查句子结构。本句为主谓宾结构，描述过去的情况，使用一般过去时，“这位支教老师”翻译为thevolunteerteacher，作句子主语；“放弃”翻译为giveup，使用过去式形式gaveup作谓语；“城市里的高薪工作”翻译为hishigh-payingjobinthecity，作宾语；“义无反顾地”翻译为withouthesitation，介词短语作状语置于句末；“选择”翻译为choose，与gaveup作并列谓语，使用过去式形式chose；“留在这个小山村”翻译为stayinthissmallmountainvillage；choosetodosth.表示“选择做某事”，所以stay使用不定式形式作宾语；“看着”翻译为lookat，与逻辑主语thevolunteerteacher之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，置于句首，首字母大写；“孩子们的眼睛”翻译为thechildren’seyes；“渴求知识”翻译为longforknowledge，longfor与逻辑主语eyes之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，即“孩子们渴求知识的眼睛”翻译为thechildren’seyeslongingforknowledge，作lookat的宾语。故翻译为Lookingatthechildren’seyeslongingforknowledge,thevolunteerteachergaveuphishigh-payingjobinthecitywithouthesitationandchosetostayinthissmallmountainvillage.VI.GuidedWriting76.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是中华中学的高三学生李方，你的表弟Rob是美国华裔，生在长在美国，今年也将高中毕业，最近在考虑留在美国读大学还是到中国来读大学。前几天他写了封电子邮件给你，询问你的意见。给Rob回一封邮件，在邮件中你必须：1.就他该留在美国读大学还是到中国来读大学表达你的意见；2.比较两种选择，陈述你的理由。,【答案】DearBob,KnowingthatyouarethinkingaboutwhethertostayintheUnitedStatesorcometoChinaforcollege,I'mverygladandfirmlybelievethathavingcollegeeducationinChinaisarightchoice.Youaresuretobenefitalotfromit.WithfouryearsspentinChina,you'llhaveafurtherunderstandingoftraditionalChinesecultureandthepresentChinesesociety,whichwillinturnmakeiteasyforyoutomakemorefriendsandstartyourownbusinessaftergraduation.Ifyoudon'twanttostayinChina,theabilityofspeakingChineseandexperiencesoflivinginChinacanalsoguaranteeyoumanygoodjobopportunities.Asforme,Iwouldbemorethanhappytohelpyou.Youcanstayinmyplacebeforeyousettledown.Allinall,ifIwereyou,Iwouldn'tletgoofsuchagoodchance.Writetomesoontoletmeknowyourdecision.Yours,LiFang【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。Rob是美国华裔，生在长在美国，今年也将高中毕业，最近在考虑留在美国读大学还是到中国来读大学。要求考生给表弟Rob按照要求回一封邮件。【详解】1.词汇积累高兴的：glad→delighted确定的：sure→certain能力：ability→capability总之：allinall→inaword2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：Asforme,Iwouldbemorethanhappytohelpyou.Youcanstayinmyplacebeforeyousettledown.拓展句：Asforme,Iwouldbemorethanhappytohelpyou,whichmeansyoucanstayinmyplacebeforeyousettledown.【点睛】[高分句型1]KnowingthatyouarethinkingaboutwhethertostayintheUnitedStatesorcometoChinaforcollege,I'mverygladandfirmlybelievethathavingcollegeeducationinChinaisarightchoice.(运用了现在分词作状语，that引导的宾语从句),[高分句型2]WithfouryearsspentinChina,you'llhaveafurtherunderstandingoftraditionalChinesecultureandthepresentChinesesociety,whichwillinturnmakeiteasyforyoutomakemorefriendsandstartyourownbusinessaftergraduation.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)