北京市延庆区2021届高考一模英语试题 Word版含解析

延庆区2020—20学年度高三模拟试卷高三英语本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。“IGotHim!”ItwasthehomecomingparadeinRockwall,Texas,andcheerleaderTyraWintersinheruniform,wasridingatoponeoftheschool’sfloats(花车).Asitslowlymadeitswaydownthestreet,the17-year-oldenthusiastically___1___atthecrowd,allthewhilesoakinginthemusic,laughter,andapplause.Allofasudden,ahorrible___2___came.Lookingdown,Winterssawatwo-year-oldonthesidewalkgaspingforair,hismother___3___forhelpinpanic.Theboyhadbeensuckingonapieceofcandywhenit___4___downthebackofhismouth,lodginginhisthroatandblockinghiswindpipe.“Therewasnocoughing；therewasno___5___,”hismother,Nicolecried.Nooneseemedtoknowhowtohelp.ExceptforWinters.Withdreamsofbecomingasurgeon,shehadlearnedtheHeimlich maneuver（海姆利克氏急救法）.Knowingthateverysecond___6___,sheleapedoffthemovingfloatandrantothechild.Bythetimeshegottotheboy,hisfacehadturnedpurple.“Igothim!”sheyelledtoNicoleasshe___7___theboyfromher.Winters positionedhimagainstherandgaveagoodthreebackslaps.Soon,theboycoughedupthepieceof___8___,gasped,andbeganbreathingagain.Withoutanotherword,Wintershandedtheboybacktohismotherandhurriedbacktoherfloatbeforeitcouldleaveherbehind.Itallhappenedso___9___,Nicoleneverhadtimetothanktheteen.Winters’heroicactionsleftNicole_____10_____.“Idon’treallyhaveanywords,”shesaid,“‘thankyou’doesn’tseemgoodenough.”1.A.laughedB.wavedC.shoutedD.stared2.A.noiseB.ringC.whistleD.scream3.A.beggingB.applyingC.waitingD.preparing4.A.ranB.slidC.fellD.jumped5.A.gaspingB.cryingC.breathingD.speaking,6.A.fadedB.continuedC.approachedD.counted7.A.grabbedB.movedC.drewD.separated8.A.nutB.bloodC.candyD.biscuit9.A.quicklyB.quietlyC.graduallyD.obviously10.A.hopelessB.speechlessC.helplessD.emotionless【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.B5.C6.D7.A8.C9.A10.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了一名17岁的啦啦队队长在游行时从彩车上跳下来救助一名因糖果堵住气管的男孩的英勇故事。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当花车缓慢地经过街道时，这位17岁的女孩热情地朝人群挥手，当时所有人都沉浸在音乐、笑声和掌声里。A.laughed笑；B.waved挥手；C.shouted大叫；D.stared凝视。分析句子可知这位17岁的啦啦队队长cheerleader，“ridingatopoftheschoolsfloats坐在花车的顶上”，应该是朝人群挥手示意。故选B。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，传来一阵可怕的尖叫声。A.noise噪音；B.ring戒指；C.whistle哨子；D.scream尖叫。后文“hismother…forhelpinpanic他的妈妈慌张地求救”可知嘈杂的人群中这位妈妈要求救需要大声呼喊，故有尖叫声。故选D。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Winters看到人行道上一个两岁男孩在尽力呼吸，他的妈妈惊慌地请求帮助。A.begging乞求；B.applying应用；C.waiting等待；D.preparing准备。后文“apieceofcandy…lodginginhisthroatandlockinghiswindpipe”“一块糖果……掉到他的喉咙里，堵住了气管”可知这个男孩难以呼吸，故他的妈妈呼救。故选A。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个男孩之前吸吮一块糖果，当时糖果从嘴巴后侧滑落进入喉咙，堵住了气管。A.ran跑；B.slide滑；C.fell落下；D.jumped跳。分析句子可知吃糖果的时候，只有从嘴巴后侧滑进去，才会到喉咙。故选B。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“不咳嗽、也没有呼吸，”他妈妈Nicole哭着说道。A.grasping抓住；B.crying哭泣；C.breathing呼吸；D.speaking说。前文说男孩子“graspingforair努力、尽力呼吸”可知堵住气管的他很难呼吸成功，几乎不能呼吸。故选C。,【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道每一秒钟都十分重要，她跳下彩车，跑向那个孩子。A.faded消逝；B.continued继续；C.approached接近；D.counted重要、有价值。根据前文可知男孩呼吸困难，而“WintershadlearnedtheHeimlichmaneuver学过海姆利克氏急救法”，故她知道对于呼吸困难的急救而言，每一秒钟都只举足轻重的。故选D。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我来抓住他！”当她从Nicole那里夺过男孩时她朝Nicole大声喊道。A.grabbed夺取；B.moved移动；C.drew拖、拉；D.separated分开。分析前后文可知最初男孩的母亲在照顾他，Winters肯定是从妈妈Nicole那里把小孩抢夺过去，然后试图抢救。故选A。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，那个男孩就咳出了那块糖果，抓住，然后重新开始呼吸。A.nut坚果；B.blood血液；C.candy糖果；D.biscuit饼干。由前文可知男孩是被糖果卡住气管的，故咳出来也应该是糖果。故选C。【9题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这一切如此的快，Nicole都没来得及感谢这位少年。A.quickly快速地；B.quietly安静地；C.gradually逐渐地；D.obviously显然地。由后文“neverhadtimetothanktheteen没时间感谢这位少年”可推断出是救治速度很快，Winters救回男孩后就快速离开了。故选A。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Winters的英勇壮举使Nicole一时语塞，不知道说啥。A.hopeless无希望的；B.speechless一时语塞的；C.helpless无助的；D.emotionless没有情感的。后文“Idon’treallyhaveanywords我真没什么可说的”可知Nicole一时语塞了。故选B。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Didyoueverrunoffandforgetyourdrink?That's___11___happenedto11-yearoldFrankEppersonin1905.He'dbeenmixingdrinkmixwithastick,and___12___(leave)thecupandstickoutontheporchallnight.Anditgotcold.Inthemorning,Frankfounda___13___(freeze)blockofsweetdrink-withahandysticktoholdit.Hethoughtthatwasprettycoolsohemademore.Soon,everyoneenjoyedhisicepops.AtfirstFrankcalledthemEpsicles,butlatertheygotadifferentname—popsicles.【答案】11.what12.left13.frozen,【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了冰棒的由来。1905年11岁的弗兰克·埃珀森把用棍子搅拌饮料后把它放在门廊上一整晚，然后饮料变成了冰棒，这种冰棒受到了大家的欢迎。【11题详解】考查表语从句。句意：1905年11岁的弗兰克·埃珀森就是这样。在表语从句中缺少主语，且是指事情，所以应用what引导。故填what。【12题详解】考查一般过去时。句意：他一直在用棍子搅拌饮料，把杯子放在门廊上一整晚。根据“in1905”可知，此处描述过去的事情，且发生在他一直在用棍子搅拌饮料之后，所以应用一般过去时。故填left。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：第二天早上，弗兰克发现了一块冰冻的甜饮料，里面有一根手杖。根据“Soon,everyoneenjoyedhisicepops.”(很快，每个人都喜欢他的冰激凌。)可知，此处是指冰冻的甜饮料，应用形容词frozen表示“冰冻的”修饰名词block。故填frozen。B阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Theroboticlunarmissionended____14____(successful)earlyonDecember18th.Chang’e5’sreentrycapsule,____15____(carry)rocksandsoilsfromthemoon,landedonthegrasslandinnorthernChina.ItisreportedthatChang’e5missionisChina’smostcomplicatedandchallengingspaceadventure,which ____16____(make)Chinathethirdnationintheworldtobringbacklunarsamples—rightaftertheU.S.andtheformerSovietUnion.Themission’sresultswillcontributetodeepeningmankinds’understandingoftheoriginofthemoonand____17____(develop)ofthesolarsystem.【答案】14.successfully15.carrying16.hasmade17.development【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，旨在介绍嫦娥5号航天任务。【14题详解】考查副词。句意：机器人登月任务早在12月18号就成功结束。分析句子可知successful“成功的”在句中修饰动词ended“结束”，应该用其副词形式。故填successfully。,【15题详解】考查现在分词。句意：嫦娥5号的返回舱，承载着从月球而来的石头和土壤，在中国北部的草原着陆。分析句意可知主语Chang’e5’sreentrycapsule“嫦娥5号的返回舱”与carry“携带”是主谓关系，但此句已有谓语动词landed“着陆”，故carry用现在分词表示主动进行的动作。故填carrying。【16题详解】考查时态。句意：据报道，嫦娥5号的任务是中国航天之旅最复杂而具有挑战性的，这也使得中国成为紧接在美国和前苏联后的第三个带回月球样本的国家。分析句子可知，此空为非限定性定语从句的谓语部分。且中国是过去到现在为止第三个带回月球标本的，故make“使得”用现在完成时。故填hasmade。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：此次任务的成果将有助于深化人类对月球起源和太阳系发展的理解。分析句子可知空格处填develop“发展”的名词，表示太阳系的发展历史，且与前文的名词短语theoriginofthemoon“月球的起源”形成并列结构。故填development。C阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Pixarisoneoftheworld’smostfamousandsuccessfulfilm____18____(studio).Itslatestanimatedfilm,Soul,____19____(release)lastNovember.SoultellsthestoryofJoeGardner,anaspiringjazzmusicianlivinginNewYork.Oneday,afteranaccident,GardnerendsupintheGreatBefore—aplace____20____soulsmust“findtheirspark”beforeenteringahumanbody.WhenGardnerisgiventhejobofmentoringasoulcalled22,hetriestofindhiswaybacktoEarth.【答案】18.studios19.wasreleased20.where【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由世界上最著名的电影制片厂皮克斯最新出品的动画电影《心灵奇旅》。【18题详解】考查名词的数。句意：皮克斯是世界上最著名和最成功的电影制片厂之一。oneof+the+形容词最高级+复数名词。故填studios。【19题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：它的最新动画电影《心灵奇旅》于去年11月上映。根据句中时间状语lastNovember,可知，用一般过去时。主语Itslatestanimatedfilm,Soul与release之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填wasreleased。【20题详解】考查定语从句。句意：一天，在一场意外之后，加德纳来到了“伟大的之前”——一个灵魂在进入人体之前必须“找到他们的火花”的地方。句中先行词为place，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThesimplestsmartphoneeverTheJitterbug®Smart2fromGreatCall®isthesimplestphonewithasimplemenu,largescreenandparticularhealthandsafetyservices.EasyEverythingyouwanttodo,fromtextingandtakingpictures,toemailingandgettingdirections,isorganizedinasinglelistononescreenwithlargelegibleletters.Plus,voicetypingmakeswritingemailsandtextseffortless.SmartTurnyourJitterbugSmart2intoapersonalsafetydevicewithGreatCall’s55tar®UrgentResponseServiceandparticularhealthapps.AffordableGreatCallhasavarietyofplanswithdatastartingaslowas$17.48permonth.Comparedtoothercellphonecompanies,youcouldsaveover$300peryear.WhytheJitterbugSmart2isyourbestchoiceforanewsmartphone:,Nolong-termcontractsKeepyourcurrentphonenumber100%U.S.-basedcustomerserviceandtechnicalsupportNohiddenmonthlyfeesAffordable,flexibleplansToorderorlearnmore,call1-800-410-2629Orvisitgreatcall.com/Smart25%offof$149.99MSRPisonlyvalid(有效的)fornewlinesofservice.Offervalid11/12/2020through1/2/20.Monthlyfeesdonotincludegovernmenttaxesorassessmentsurchargesandaresubjecttochange.PlansandservicesmayrequirepurchaseofaGreatCalldeviceandaone-timesetupfeeof$35.$300savingscalculationbasedonmarketleaders’lowestavailablemonthlypublishedfees.JITTERBUGaretrademarksofBestBuyanditsattachedcompanies.©2020BestBuy.Allrightsreserved..Whatmakeswritingemailsandtextseasyaccordingtothepassage?A.Thesimplemenu.B.Thelargescreen.C.Thesinglelist.D.Thespeechinput.22.WhencanyougetthediscountwhenbuyingJitterbugSmart2?A.November11st,2020.B.January10th,2020.C.January1st,20.D.February10th,20.23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toadvertiseasmartphone.B.Torecommendhealthapps.C.Tointroduceasafetydevice.D.Tocomparewirelessnetworks.【答案】.D22.C23.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则手机广告，并且介绍了这款手机的几个优点，其中包括使用简便，智能，便宜等。【题详解】细节理解题。第二段最后一句提到“Plus,voicetypingmakeswritingemailsandtextseffortless.”（此外，语音打字让写邮件和短信变得毫不费力）由此可知，语音输入使得写邮件和短信变得更简单，故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。最后一段第一句提到“25%offof$149.99MSRPisonlyvalid(有效的)fornewlinesofservice.Offervalid11/12/2020through1/2/20.”,（建议零售价149.99美元的25%折扣只适用于新服务线路。有效期11/12/2020至1/2/20）再结合选项可知，可以在20年1月1日使用折扣购买手机。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题“Thesimplestsmartphoneever”（史上最简单的智能手机）可知，本文介绍一款智能手机，后文中又介绍了手机的优点以及价格方面的折扣，由此判断是为这款手机进行广告宣传。故选A。【点睛】BMyfirstyearlivinginLosAngeles,Iwasabirthday-partyclown.Istruggledalotwithmyidentitybecause,thoughIviewedmyselfasafilmmaker,everyoneinmylifeviewedmeasthisridiculousdayjob.OnceIwastold,“Tomorrowyou’regoingtobeBatman.”Now,keepinmindthatatthetimeIhadagiantmustache.Iknowaclownwithamustacheisahugeredflagforparents.ButIhadn’twantedtoaltermyphysicalappearanceforthatjob,becausethatwouldhavebeenmesubconsciouslyadmittingIwasmoreofaclownthananartist.Thenextday,Iwenttothepartyinahugepublicpark,andIleftmycarparkedfarenoughawaysothatthekidscouldn’tseeBatmanpullingupinaPTCruiser.Walkingtotheparty,Istartedtoregretmychoicenottoshave.“Gosh,thispartyisnotgoingtogowell.”Sureenough,onceIgotcloseenoughforthemtoactuallystartmakingoutthefeaturesofmyface,theentirepartybrokeoutinlaughter.IwassoembarrassedthatIwantedtoturnaroundandrunbacktomyBatmobile.Butthenthelaughterkindofchangedintocheeringandapplause.Feelingkindofwarmandfuzzyinside,Iwondered,“Isthiswhatencouragementandsupportfeellike?It’ssonew.”ThenIdecidedtomakeanentranceforthesekids.Iwasstillabout20yardsawayfromthepartywhenIstartedrunning.Mycapewasbillowinginthewind,andmustacheornot,inthatmoment,IwasBatman.Iranintotheparty,andthekidswereallhigh-fivingme.Thedadwassaying,“Itoldyou,son.ItoldyouBatmanhasamustache.”ThenhetookmeovertothishugebirthdaycakewithafrostingBatmandrawnonit,andtheBatmanhasamustache.Ijuststaredatitindisbeliefandlearntthatinsteadofjustadmittingthatthecakewasmessedup,theparentssaid,“Batmanhasamustache.Hejustshavesitforhismovies.”Thatyear,Istruggledalotwithmyidentity;wasIafilmmaker,orwasIaclown?Butthatday,atleast,therewasnodoubtinmymindwhatIwas.Imaynothavebeentheherothattheyordered,andIcertainlywasnottheherotheyexpected.Butthatday,Iwastheherothattheyneeded.24.Whydid“I”keepmymustache?A.Istruggledalotforbeingafilmmaker.B.IwantedtobeaBatmaninabirthdayparty.,C.Iknewthataclownshouldwearamustache.D.Ihadn’twantedtochangemyappearanceforthejob.25.Howdid“I”entertheparty?AIranfast.B.Ihigh-fived.C.Idrovethecar.D.Iwalkedslowly.26.Howdid“I”feelattheendoftheparty?ASatisfied.B.Astonished.C.Disappointed.D.Ashamed.【答案】24.D25.A26.A【解析】【详解】本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一名在生日聚会上表演的小丑。有一次，作者需要扮演成蝙蝠侠，他却决定以不刮胡子的形象示众。1细节理解题。根据第二段“Iknowaclownwithamustacheisahugeredflagforparents.ButIhadn’twantedtoaltermyphysicalappearanceforthatjob,becausethatwouldhavebeenmesubconsciouslyadmittingIwasmoreofaclownthananartist.(我知道有胡子的小丑对于父母来说是一种鼓舞。但我不想为了扮演蝙蝠侠而改变我的外形，因为那对我来说就是承认与其说我是艺术家，倒不如说是我是小丑)”可知，作者保留了胡子，因为他不想为了这份工作而改变自己的外貌。故选D。2细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Iranintotheparty,andthekidswereallhigh-fivingme.(我跑进派对，孩子们都跟我击掌)”可知，作者跑着进入派对。故选A。3推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Butthatday,Iwastheherothattheyneeded.(但是那天，我是他们需要的英雄)”可推知，作者对自己的表现是满意的。A.Aatisfied.满意的；B.Astonished.吃惊的；C.Disappointed.失望的；D.ashamed.可耻的。故选A。CWhilemanypeoplearen’tgettingenoughcalcium,newresearchcautionsthatsomepeoplemayhavetheoppositeproblem:Theycouldbegettingtoomuch.Americansspendmorethan$1billionayearoncalciumsupplementsinhopesofdelayingosteoporosis,thebrittlebonediseasethatcripplesmanyelderlywomenandsomemen.Yetrecentstudieslinkcalciumsupplementstoahigherriskofheartattacks.Lastmonth,theU.S.PreventiveServicesTaskForceissuedadraftrecommendationagainsttakingcalciumandvitaminD,sayingtherewasn'tenoughevidenceofbenefittojustifytherisk.ForgenerationsofAmericanswhogrewupencouragedtodrinkmilktomaintainstrongbones,thereportsraisedtroublingquestions:Iscalciumnotsoimportantafterall?Arethesupplementsunsafe?Andhowmuchistoomuch?,“It'sgottenveryconfusingbutitdoesn'tneedtobe,”saysEthelSiris,directoroftheToniStabileOsteoporosisCenterinNewYork.Howmuchcalciumpeopleneedvariesbyageandgender.“Adultsgenerallyneed1,000mgdaily,risingto1,200mgforwomenover50andmenover70,accordingtoguidelinesissuedin2010.Childrenneed1,300mgdailyduringthepeakgrowingyearsof9to18.”PeoplealsoneedsufficientlevelsofvitaminDtoabsorbthecalcium.TheIOMrecommends600internationalunitsadayformostadults,and800dailyafterage70,althoughmanyphysiciansrecommendmore.ItisdifficulttotakeinthatmuchvitaminDfromfoodsources,soexpertssaymanypeopleshouldtakevitaminDinsupplementform.Gettingadequatecalciumfromfoodiseasier.Forexample,8ouncesofmilkor6ouncesofyogurthas300mgofcalcium,andonecupofspinachhas270mg.Butstudieslinkingcalciumsupplementstoheartattackhavemadeexpertsmorecautiousofexcesscalciumthanbefore.Astudyof24,000GermanspublishedinthejournalHeartlastmonth,foundthatthosewhogottheircalciumexclusivelyfromsupplementsweremorethantwiceaslikelytohaveaheartattackasthosewhotooknosupplements.Exactlyhowcalciumsupplementsmightcontributetoheartattacksbafflescardiologists.“Nobodyhasassociatedthecalciuminyourbloodstreamwithcalcificationinyourarteries,”saysNiecaGoldberg,medicaldirectoroftheJoanH.TischCenter.Still,shesaysshenowurgespatientsgettheirrecommendedcalciumfromfoodthanfromsupplementstoavoidpossibleproblems.Osteoporosisexpertsalsourgepatientsnottotakemorethantherecommendedamountofcalcium.“Peopleshoulddefinitelystoptakingtwobigcalciumsupplementsaday,”saysDr.Dawson-Hughes.Eveniftherisksremainunclear,takingmorethanthebodycanabsorbdoesn'tbenefitbones,“soit’snotworthanyrisk.”Sheadds.27.Accordingtothenewstudies,takingmuchcalciummight________.A.delayagingB.buildmusclesC.causeheartproblemsD.curebonediseases28.WhatisEthelSiris’opinionontakingcalciumsupplements?A.Takingcalciumsupplementsisunsafe.B.Adultsneedmorecalciumthanchildren.C.Ageandgenderdeterminetakingcalcium.D.Itismuchsafertotakecalciumfromfood.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“baffle”inParagraph6mean?A.InterestB.Puzzle,C.AmazeD.Frighten30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Itishelpfultotaketwocalciumsupplementsaday.B.Itisimportanttomaintainstrongbonesforwomen.C.Itisunnecessarytotaketoomuchcalciumsupplement.D.ItisbesttotakecalciumandvitaminDfromsupplement.【答案】27.C28.C29.B30.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍如今大多数人喜欢从补充物上过多的摄取钙以为对身体有好处。实际上相关研究证明没有好处，反而可能有害处。【27题详解】细节理解题。第一段倒数第二句“Yetrecentstudieslinkcalciumsupplementstoahigherriskofheartattacks.”（最近的研究表明额外补钙与较高的心脏病风险有联系。）即摄入过多的钙可能会导致心脏病。故选C。【28题详解】细节理解题。第二段第四至五行“Howmuchcalciumpeopleneedvariesbyageandgender.”（人们所需钙的摄入量因年龄和性别不同而有所不同。）可知，EthelSiris认为性别和年龄是决定每个人所需钙的摄入量的决定因素。故选C。【29题详解】词句猜测题。第六段二三句““Nobodyhasassociatedthecalciuminyourbloodstreamwithcalcificationinyourarteries,”saysNiecaGoldberg,medicaldirectoroftheJoanH.TischCenter.Still,shesaysshenowurgespatientsgettheirrecommendedcalciumfromfoodthanfromsupplementstoavoidpossibleproblems.”（JoanH.Tisch中心的主任医师NiecaGoldberg认为虽然还没有人将血液中的钙和人体动脉的钙化联系在一起，她还是劝她的病人从食物中摄取钙，而不是从补充物上摄取，以防可能出现的问题。）也就是说她虽然不确定血液中钙的含量对心血管疾病有害，但也不敢下定论说完全没有害，故可推断对于这个问题像她这样的心脏病专家也是迷惑的。可推测baffle意思与puzzle相似，意为“使迷惑”。故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。最后一段倒数第二句“Eveniftherisksremainunclear,takingmorethanthebodycanabsorbdoesn'tbenefitbones”（虽然风险还不确定，摄取比身体能够吸收的量还要多的钙对骨头没什么益处。）故摄入过量即使没有危害，也是没什么必要的。故选C。【点睛】,DNeurotech—new,potentiallyrevolutionarytechnology—promisestotransformourlives.Withalltheglobalchallengesoftoday,weneedrevolutionarytechnologytohelptheworldcope.Therearedifferenttypesofneurotech—someisinvasive,someisn’t.Invasivebrain-computerinterfacesinvolveplacingmicroelectrodesorotherkindsofneurotechmaterialsdirectlyontothebrainorevenembeddingthemintotheneuraltissue.Suchtechnologyhasalreadyimprovedthequalityoflifeandabilitiesofpeoplewithdifferentillnessesorimpairments,fromepilepsytoParkinson’sDiseasetochronicpain.Thereisalsononinvasive neurotechthatcanbeusedforsimilarapplications.Forexample,researchershavedevelopedwearablestoinferaperson’sintendedspeechormovement.Thesearealreadyquiteimpressive,butthereisalsoneurotechthatreallypushestheenvelope.Notonlycanitsenseorreadneurodatabutitcanalsomodulate—invasivelyandnoninvasively.Thisresearchisstillinearlystages,butit’sadvancingrapidly.Asneurotechbecomesmorecommonplace,wemustconsidertherisksitmightpresent,themoralsaroundit,andthenecessaryregulation.Wehavetoanticipateanddealwiththeimplicationsrelatedtothedevelopmentanduseofthistechnology.Anyneurotechapplicationsshouldconsiderpotentialconsequencesfortheautonomy,privacy,responsibility,consent,integrityanddignityofaperson.Whatifsomeoneweretofaceemploymentdiscriminationbecausethealgorithms（算法）thatpoweraneurotechapplicationusedforhiringmisinterprethisorherneurodata?Whatifacriminalgetsaholdofthepreviousorcurrentneurodataofthesecretaryofdefenseandstealstopsecretinformation?Concernsincreasewhenwearenotjustmonitoringsomeone’sneurodatabutalsointerpretingit,decodingtheperson’sthoughts—withimplicationsforaccuracyandmentalprivacy.Onetrickyaspectisthatmostoftheneurodatageneratedbythenervoussystemsisunconscious.Itmeansitisverypossibletounknowinglyorunintentionallyprovideneurotechwithinformationthatoneotherwisewouldn’t.So,insomeapplicationsofneurotech,thepresumptionofprivacywithinone’sownmindmaysimplynolongerbeacertainty.Asnew,emergingtechnology,neurotechchallengescorporations,researchersandindividualstoreaffirmourcommitmenttoresponsibleinnovation,it’sessentialtoenforceguardrailssothattheyleadtobeneficiallong-termoutcomes—oncompany,nationalandinternationallevels.Weneedtoensurethatresearchersandmanufacturersofneurotechaswellaspolicymakersandconsumersapproachitresponsibly.Let’sactnowtoavoidanyfuturerisksasneurotechmatures—forthebenefitofhumanity.31.Thefirsttwoparagraphsmainly________.A.statethequalityofneurotechB.stressthenecessityofneurotech,C.comparethefunctionsofneurotechD.presentthetechnologyofneurotech32.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Noninvasiveneurotechismuchbetterthaninvasiveone.B.Messageswithinone’smindcanbesaferwithneurotech.C.Itbringsmoreriskstoprivacytohaveneurodataanyalyzed.D.Properruleshavealreadybeenmadetodealwithneurodata.33.Accordingtothepassage,companies,policymakersandconsumersshould________.A.interpretallneurodatatoimproveaccuracyB.useneurotechnologyinaresponsiblewayC.helpdevelopmorenoninvasiveapplicationsDavoidneurotechforthebenefitofmankind34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.NeurotechHasLong-termBenefitsB.NeurotechMeetMoralChallengesC.NeurotechTransformHumanlivesD.NeurotechBecomeCommonplace【答案】31.D32.C33.B34.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了神经技术的定义和它面临的道德挑战。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Neurotech—new,potentiallyrevolutionarytechnology—promisestotransformourlives.（神经科技——一项潜在革命性的新技术——承诺改变我们的生活。）”以及第二段“Therearedifferenttypesofneurotech—someisinvasive,someisn’t.（有不同类型的神经科技——有些是侵入性的，有些不是。）”可知，前两段主要介绍了神经技术。故选D。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Anyneurotechapplicationsshouldconsiderpotentialconsequencesfortheautonomy,privacy,responsibility,consent,integrityanddignityofaperson.（任何神经技术应用都应该考虑对个人的自主性、隐私、责任、同意、正直和尊严的潜在后果。）”可知，对神经数据进行分析会给隐私带来更多风险。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Weneedtoensurethatresearchersandmanufacturersofneurotechaswellas,policymakersandconsumersapproachitresponsibly.（我们需要确保神经科技的研究人员和制造商，以及政策制定者和消费者负责任地对待它。）”可知，公司、政策制定者和消费者应该以负责任的方式使用神经技术。故选B。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Asneurotechbecomesmorecommonplace,wemustconsidertherisksitmightpresent,themoralsaroundit,andthenecessaryregulation.（随着神经科技变得越来越普遍，我们必须考虑它可能带来的风险、围绕它的道德以及必要的监管。）”以及下文都在讲述神经科技保证消费者的精神隐私的问题，可知，本文主要介绍的是神经科技面临道德挑战的主题。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Canyoumove11minutesaday?You’lllivelongerifyoudoThereisnodenyingthat2020hasreducedactivitylevels.BetweentheZoommeetings,Netflixbingesandvirtualcocktailhours,increasedsittingisapandemic-drivenrealityformany.____35____Butthereisgoodnews!Despiteallthatsedentarytime,withaslittleas11minutesofmovementaday,youcanincreaseyourlifespan,a recentstudy hasfound.____36____It'strue;paststudies,includingapopular study from2016,hadoriginallyputthedailyexercisetargetat60to75minutesformortalitybenefits.However,thatstudywasbasedonself-reporteddata,whichthislateststudy,publishedintheBritishJournalofSportsMedicine,foundtobeflawedduetopeoplemisrememberingtheiractualactivitylevels.Takingamoreobjectiveapproach,scientistsattheNorwegianSchoolofSportsMedicinebasedtheirresearchontheuseofactivitymonitorstotrackexerciseversussedentarytime.Theresultsshowedthatparticipantswhoexercised35minutesperdaysawthebiggeststatisticaldifferenceonlifespan.Yetjust11minutesofmoderateexercise—equivalenttoabriskwalk—stillhadanoticeablepositiveimpact.____37____Hereisawaytoconsider—4setsofa3-minutebody-weightexercisesequence.Dependingontheexercisesyouuse,youmaygoataslightlydifferentpaceduringeachround,makingitabout11minutes.Whenselectingyourexercises,trytopickasequenceofmovementsthatwillequatetoafull-bodyworkoutofmoderateeffort.____38____Ideally,doacombo,determiningthenumberofrepetitionsforeachexercisebasedonyourfitnesslevelandmaintainingathree-minutesequenceforthetimeframe.Seehoweasyitistofitin11minutesofdailyexercise?Youcandoit.____39____Althoughnoonecangiveyouado-overof2020,youcanmakeupforlosttimebyaddingalittlemoretoyourlifespan.A.Infact,youoweittoyourselfaftergettingthroughthispastyear.,B.Andstudieshaverevealedthegreat healthrisks ofprolongedsitting.C.Thesimplestwayiswithawalkoutsideoronthetreadmillatyourlocalgym.D.Alowerbarriermakesiteasiertogeteventhemostinactiveamongusmoving.E.Youmightwonderaboutthehour-per-daymeasurementyou'vebeenhearingaboutforyears.F.What'smore,bothtimeframeswerepositivelyimpactful,regardlessoftheamountofsitting.G.Avoiddoingonlyupper-bodymovementsunlessyoudolower-bodymovementsthenextday.【答案】35.B36.E37.F38.G39.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了疫情导致了人们久坐，从而危害健康，主要就每天锻炼11分钟可以延长寿命研究展开了说明。【35题详解】根据上文“Thereisnodenyingthat2020hasreducedactivitylevels.BetweentheZoommeetings,Netflixbingesandvirtualcocktailhours,increasedsittingisapandemic-drivenrealityformany.(不可否认，2020年的活动水平有所下降。对许多人来说，在Zoom会议、Netflix狂欢和虚拟鸡尾酒时间之间，久坐是一个受流行病驱动的现实)”可知，上文提到疫情导致了人们久坐，可知本句应当承接上文说明久坐对人们的影响，故B选项“研究表明长时间坐着对健康有很大的危害”符合语境，故选B。【36题详解】根据上文“Butthereisgoodnews!Despiteallthatsedentarytime,withaslittleas11minutesofmovementaday,youcanincreaseyourlifespan,arecentstudyhasfound.(但也有好消息！最近的一项研究发现，尽管久坐不动，每天只需运动11分钟，你仍然可以延长寿命)”以及后文“It'strue;paststudies,includingapopularstudyfrom2016,hadoriginallyputthedailyexercisetargetat60to75minutesformortalitybenefits.(这是真的；过去的研究，包括2016年的一项流行研究，最初把每天锻炼的目标定为60至75分钟，以降低死亡率)”可知，上文提到了每天运动很短时间仍然可以延长寿命，后文则提到了每天锻炼一小时可以降低死亡率，故E选项“你可能想知道你已经听了很多年的每天一小时的运动”符合语境，故选E。【37题详解】根据上文“Takingamoreobjectiveapproach,scientistsattheNorwegianSchoolofSportsMedicinebasedtheirresearchontheuseofactivitymonitorstotrackexerciseversussedentarytime.Theresultsshowedthatparticipantswhoexercised35minutesperdaysawthebiggeststatisticaldifferenceonlifespan.Yetjust11minutesofmoderateexercise—equivalenttoabriskwalk—stillhadanoticeablepositiveimpact.(挪威运动医学院的科学家采取了更客观的方法，他们的研究基于使用活动监测器来跟踪锻炼和久坐时间。结果显示，每天锻炼35分钟的参与者在寿命方面的统计差异最大。然而，仅仅11,分钟的适度锻炼——相当于快走——仍然有显著的积极影响)”可知，上文提到了每天锻炼35和11分钟两个时间段，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明这两个时间段的作用。故F选项“更重要的是，无论坐的时间长短，这两个时间段都具有积极的影响”符合语境，故选F。【38题详解】根据上文“Hereisawaytoconsider—4setsofa3-minutebody-weightexercisesequence.Dependingontheexercisesyouuse,youmaygoataslightlydifferentpaceduringeachround,makingitabout11minutes.Whenselectingyourexercises,trytopickasequenceofmovementsthatwillequatetoafull-bodyworkoutofmoderateeffort.(下面是一种三分钟的四组体重锻炼的方法。根据你所使用的练习，你可以在每一轮中以稍微不同的速度进行，大约11分钟。当选择你的运动时，试着选择一个运动顺序，这将等同于一个中等力度的全身锻炼)”可知，上文提到了选择运动顺序以及提到了全身锻炼，故本句承接上文继续就身体锻炼的顺序进行说明。故G选项“避免只做上半身的动作，除非第二天你做下半身的动作”符合语境，故选G。【39题详解】根据后文“Althoughnoonecangiveyouado-overof2020,youcanmakeupforlosttimebyaddingalittlemoretoyourlifespan.(虽然没有人能给你2020年重新来过的机会，但你可以通过延长一点寿命来弥补失去的时间)”可知，后文提到了可以通过延长寿命来弥补失去的时间，可推测本句是在解释过去的一年虽然无法重来，但仍然应该心存感激。故A选项“事实上，在度过了过去的一年之后，你应该感谢自己”符合语境，故选A。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Two-drinklimitatWetherspoon’sforparentsofrowdychildrenThepubchainJDWetherspoonhasinsistedfamiliesarewelcomebutonthepremisesdespiteadvisingstafftomakethemagreealimitoftwoalcoholicdrinksperpersonforparentswithchildrenintown.Thetwo-drinklimitcametolightafteramemberofstaffataWetherspoon’spubinGravesend,Kent,putupaposterdetailingitspolicy.“Aspartofourlicensingitisourresponsibilitytoensurethatweareprotectingchildrenfromharm,”readtheposteratTheRobertPocockpub.“Thereforeadultsinchargeofchildrenwillbeallowedtohaveonealcoholicdrinkandafurtheralcoholicdrinkwithasit-downmeal.”Itisacrimeforanybodyinchargeofachildundertheageofseventobedrunkinapublicplaceunderthe1902LicensingAct.Apersonconvictedofthisoffencecanbesubjecttoafineoruptoonemonthinprison.,“It’sbeenaroundeightor10years....It’saguideline,notapolicy,”saidEddieGershon.Butwhiletheposterstressedtheneedto“protectchildrenfromharm”，MrGershonsuggestedtherulehadbeenadoptedto“preventunrulybehavior”amongyoungguests.AskedwhetherchildrenwerewelcomeinWetherspoon’spubs,MrGershonreplied，“Yes,we’dbeafooltosayotherwise.Wehaveakids’menu,colouredpencilsforkids—childreninpubsisamassivepartofwhatWetherspoon’sdoes.”However,hewarnedthatparentsbelievedtobe“usingthepubasanurserymightbeaskedtoleave.MrGershonaddedthat“itisjustgoodmanners”forparentstostoptheirchildrenfrommisbehavingandbeingunrulyinpublicplaces.Onitswebsitethepuboperatorstates:“Familiesarewelcometodineinthemajorityofourpubs;however,permittedhoursforcustomersagedunder18yearsmayvaryfrompubtopub.”Itadds:“Someofourpubsmayrequestthatallmembersofapartywithanunder-18presentorderamainmeal,ifalcoholicisordered.”40.WhodoestheTwo-drinkpolicyapplyto?41.Whatistheresultofdisobeyingthe1902LicensingAct?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy？Toprotectchildrenandthoseunder18years,thepubchainJDlimitsthedrinksbutisopentothosecustomersatanytime.43.Indailylife,howdoyourparentskeepyouawayfromalcoholandwhy?(about40words)【答案】40.Thosewhohavedinewithchildrenundertheageofseven.41.Ifyoudisobeythe1902LicensingAct,youwillbefinedoruptoonemonthinprison.42.Toprotectchildrenandthoseunder18years,thepubchainJDlimitsthedrinksbutisopentothosecustomersatanytime.43.言之有理即可【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一家酒吧为保护儿童免受伤害而规定限制带孩子的父母每人最多只能喝两杯酒。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第四段“Thereforeadultsinchargeofchildrenwillbeallowedtohaveonealcoholicdrinkandafurtheralcoholicdrinkwithasit-downmeal.”和第五段“Itisacrimeforanybodyinchargeofachildundertheageofseventobedrunkinapublicplaceunderthe1902LicensingAct.”(因此，负责照看孩子的成年人可以在坐下来吃饭时喝一杯酒精饮料，再喝一杯。根据1902年的执照法，任何有7,岁以下孩子的家长在公共场所醉酒都是犯罪行为)”可知，该规定适用于那些带着七岁以下孩子出来酒吧用餐的家长。故答案为Thosewhohavedinewithchildrenundertheageofseven.【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第五段“…Apersonconvictedofthisoffencecanbesubjecttoafineoruptoonemonthinprison.(被判犯有这一罪行的人可被罚款或监禁一个月)”可知，违反这一政策的人会判罚款或监禁一个月。故答案为Ifsomeonedisobeysthe1902LicensingAct,hewillbefinedorbeputinprisonuptoonemonth.【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“…“Familiesarewelcometodineinthemajorityofourpubs;however,permittedhoursforcustomersagedunder18yearsmayvaryfrompubtopub.”(我们大多数酒吧都欢迎家庭用餐；然而，18岁以下顾客的营业时间因酒吧而异)”可知，有18岁以下孩子在场时，营业时间是有限制的，并不是在任何时间都开门营业。所以atanytime错误。故答案Toprotectchildrenandthoseunder18years,thepubchainJDlimitsthedrinksbutisopentothosecustomersatanytime.【43题详解】考查表达能力。可以表示父母耐心讲解饮酒的危害并以身作则，及时监督。故答案为Myparentspatientlyexplainedthebadeffectsonmywell-beingandlife,andtheysetagoodexampletome,livingahealthylife.第二节应用文写作（20分）44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。为迎接北京2022年冬奥会，你们学校下个月将要举办“迎冬奥做贡献”主题活动。请你给交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加此次活动，内容包括：1.活动目的；2.具体安排；3.发出邀请。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,HavingknownthatyouareintotheWinterOlympicstobeheldinBeijing,Iamwritingtoinviteyouto,participateintherelevantactivityinourschool.InordertopromotetheOlympicspiritandgetdeeperinsightsintothewintersports,anactivitythemedon“MakeaContributiontotheWinterOlympics”willbeheldnextmonth,whenaseriesoflectureswillbeopentoeveryone,suchaslecturesonhowtocommunicatewithpeoplefromdifferentcountriesandwaystoimproveairquality.Additionally,therewillbemanycompetitionsvaryingfromskiingtoskatingsothatyoucanchoosewhicheveryouareinterestedin.Hopefully,youcancomeandenjoytheactivity.Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加你们学校下个月将要举办“迎冬奥做贡献”主题活动。【详解】1.词汇积累对……感兴趣：beinterestedin→beinto/becrazyabout参加：joinin/takepartin→participantin深入了解：makeabetterunderstandingof→getdeeperinsightsinto范围从……到……：rangefrom…to…=varyfrom…to…2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Hopefully,youcancomeandenjoytheactivity.拓展句：Isincerelyhopethatyoucancomeandenjoytheactivity.【点睛】[高分句型1]HavingknownthatyouareintotheWinterOlympicstobeheldinBeijing,Iamwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateintherelevantactivityinourschool.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)[高分句型2]Additionally,therewillbemanycompetitionsvaryingfromskiingtoskatingsothatyoucanchoosewhicheveryouareinterestedin.(运用了sothat引导的状语从句)