湖南省天壹名校联盟2022届高三上学期入学摸底考试英语卷 Word版含解析

2022届湖南省天壹名校联盟高三上学期入学摸底考试英语卷考生注意：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。3.本卷命题范围：高考范围。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydo?A.Goshopping.B.Takeaholiday.C.Eatsomething.2.Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?A.He'sbusy.B.He'shungry.C.He'sembarrassed.3.Whenisthelibraryopen?A.At7:30.B.At8:00.C.At8:30.4.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Trysomewhereelse.B.Quitthepresentjob.C.Remainattherestaurant.5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Driverandpassenger.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthewomancomplainabout?A.Boringtravelplans.B.Hotweather.C.Shortsummerholidays.7.Whatdoesthemanmeanattheendofthetalk?A.Itwillcooldownovertheweekend.B.Theweatherforecastisnotaccurate.C.Goingtothepoolisagoodidea.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatcanweknowabouttheman?A.Heisnotalocalresidenthere.B.Heoftenignoresthetrafficrules.C.Hedoesn'tknowthewomanatall.9.Whatwillthewomando?A.Touraroundthecity.B.Buysomethingtodrink.C.Parkhercarsomewhere.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inanoffice.C.Inarestaurant.,11.Whendidthetwospeakerslastmeet?A.Abouttwoyearsago.B.Aboutthreeyearsago.C.Aboutfouryearsago.12.WhatdidJackdowhenhewasinBritain?A.HetaughtEnglish.B.Heworkedinacompany.C.Hecontinuedwithhisstudy.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whoisgoingtohavedinnerwiththewoman?A.David.B.Paul.C.Jane.14.Whattroublestheman?A.Hisclientisdifficulttoplease.B.Hehasnotimetokeepadate.C.Theprinterdoesn'twork.15.Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheman'sproblem?A.Itiseasytohandle.B.Itisdemanding.C.Itdoesn'tmakesense.16.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Getchanged.B.Callforatechnician.C.Ringherhusband.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whereisthenewmuseumsituated?A.OnLibertyIsland.B.OnEllisIsland.C.IntheCityofNewYork.18.WhendidtheStatueofLibertyopentothepublic?A.In1954.B.In1892.C.In1886.19.HowmanyvisitorsarepermittedintotheStatueeveryyear?A.About900,000.B.About500,000.C.About400,000.20.Whatcanvisitorsseeinthenewmuseum?A.ThestatueofthecreatorofLadyLiberty.B.TheinsidestructureofLadyLiberty.C.TheconstructingprocessofLadyLiberty.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASummeristhebestseasontoexperiencetheworld'sbeauty.Herearesomeofthebestdestinationsthatyoucan'taffordtomissintheworld.Maui,HawaiiMauiisavolcanicisland.Ifyoulovesnorkelling,youmustseetherainbowofcoralandtropicalfishes.Staythedayintheparkandwitnessitswonderfulsunsets.Theislandconsistsofafewmicro-climatesandweathervariesdrasticallydependingonwhereyouare.Thetropicalweathercanevenvaryday-to-daywithextremessuchassunshineandthunderstorms,sopackaccordingly.CorsicatFranceThissmallisland,alsocalledthe“isleofbeauty”,displaysastonishingnaturallandscapes.Shockingcliffsdropsharplydowntoclearwaterswhichelsewherearefringed（带边饰的）withsandybeaches.PlanatleastaweekinCorsicatodiscoveritssecrets!BoraBora,FrenchPolynesiaBoraBoraispopularwithtouristsforitsluxuriousresorts（度假胜地）.OneofthebesthotelsisthefivestarFourSeasonshotel.Surroundedbybeachesofwhitesandandbluewaterprotectedbyacoralreef,itisareallyniceplacetosnorkelanddive.Themostimpressivesightof,theislandisinthecenterofMountOtemanuwherethereisasleepingvolcano.SaintJohnIsland,CaribbeanLifemovesataslowerpaceonSaintJohnIsland.TheNationalParkcoversmorethanhalfoftheisland.Withcountlessbird,dolphinandturtlespeciestospot,it'snosurprisethatthisisadestinationthatdrawsnaturelovers.Peaceandquietnessareabundant,makingthisanislandwhererelaxationisalwaysontheagenda（议题）.1.WhatcanvisitorsexperienceatMaui?A.Sharpcliffs.B.Tropicalweatherchangeday-to-day.C.ThefivestarFourSeasonshotel.D.Countlessbird,dolphinandturtlespecies.2.Wherecanvisitorsseeasleepingvolcano?A.Corsica.B.Maui.C.BoraBora.D.SaintJohnIsland.3.WhatmakesSaintJohnIslandagoodplaceforrelaxation?A.Goodweather.B.Peaceandquietness.C.Luxuriousresorts.D.Clearwatersandsandybeaches.【答案】1.B2.C3.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个夏季度假旅游的好地方。【详解】1.细节理解题。由文章MauiHawaii部分“Theislandconsistsofafewmicro-climatesandweathervariesdrasticallydependingonwhereyouare.Thetropicalweathercanevenvaryday-to-daywithextremessuchassunshineandthunderstorms，sopackaccordingly.”（岛上有一些小气候，天气的变化很大，这取决于你所在的地方。热带天气甚至每天都有极端天气，如阳光和雷暴。所以相应的规划旅游。）可知，在Maui游客会体验到不断变化的热带天气。故选B。2.细节理解题。由文章BoraBoraFrenchPolynesia部分“ThemostimpressivesightoftheislandisinthecenterofMount(temanuwherethereisasleepingvolcano.”(岛上最令人印象深刻的景象是在泰马努火山的中心，那里有一座沉睡的火山。)可知,在BoraBora可以见到一座休眠火山。故选C。3.细节理解题。由文章SaintJohnIslandCaribbean部分“Peaceandquietnessareabundant,makingthisanislandwhererelaxationisalwaysontheagenda.”(这里充满了和平和宁静，让这里成为了一个放松的地方。)可知.是和平与宁静让SaintJohnIsland成为放松的好地方。故选B。BLouisaMayAlcott'swritingshavebeenconsideredgoodreadingforoveracentury.ShewasbornonNovember29,1832.Shewasthesecondoffourdaughters:Anna,Louisa,Elizabeth,and,May.Herfatherwasateacherandphilosopher.Heexperimentedwithmanydifferentjobsandmovedhisfamilyagreatdeal.AsLouisagrewhertalentforwritingbecameevident.HermotherencouragedLouisaasshebegantowriteplaysandshortstories.Herfatherneverstayedwithonejoblongenoughtomakemuchmoney,soLouisaworkedasatutorandmaid,andwroteasshefoundtime.In1854,shepublishedherfirstbook,entitledFlowerFahies.LouisavolunteeredasanursefortheUnionarmyinNovember,1862.Shewasimpressedbythesightofsomanysufferingsoldiers.InJuly,1865,LouisawenttoEuropeasanursetoayounglady.Afterreturninghome,shewroteLittleWomenin1868.Itwasunlikeanyotherbookshehadwritten.Louisawasastrongsupporterofwomen'srights.Thismovementstartedintheearly1800s,whenwomenbegantoreceivehighereducationandtoparticipateinreformmovementswhichinvolvedtheminpolitics.Asaresult,theyquestionedwhytheyshouldnothaveequalrightswithmen.Duringthenexttwentyyears,Louisacontinuedtowriteandadvocatewomen'srights.In1877,hermotherdied.Hersister.May.diedin1879,leavingbehindherbabydaughter.ThebabywassenttolivewithLouisain1880.In1888,Louisa'shealthbegantodeteriorate（恶化）,soshewenttoliveinanursinghome.OnMarch1,shecaughtacoldanddiedonMarch6,1888.4.WhoencouragedLouisatowritewhenshewasyoung?A.Herfather.B.Herteacher.C.Hersister.D.Hermother.5.WhendidLouisawriteLittleWomen?A.Whensheworkedasatutorandmaid.B.WhenshereturnedhomefromEurope.C.Whensheworkedasanursetoayounglady.D.WhenshevolunteeredasanursefortheUnionarmy.6.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph4?A.Louisaledabusylife.B.Louisaparticipatedinreformmovements,C.Louisafoughtforwomen'srightsactively.D.Louisaquitwritingtofightforwomen'srights.7.Whatcanbeatitleforthetext?A.LouisaMayAlcott'sLifeStoryB.LouisaMayAlcott'sMostFamousWorkC.LouisaMayAlcott'sWritingsWereGreatlyLovedD.LouisaMayAlcottSufferedaLotDuringHerShortLife【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A,【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了LouisaMayAlcott的生平。【详解】1.细节理解题。由文章第二段“HermotherencouragedLouisaasshebegantowriteplaysandshortstories.（当路易莎开始写剧本和短篇小说时，她的母亲鼓励她。）”可知，是LouisaMayAlcott的母亲鼓励她去写作的。故选D。2.细节理解题。由文章第三段“InJuly,1865.LouisawenttoEuropeasanursetoayounglady.Afterreturninghome,shewroteLittleWomenin1868.（1865年7月。路易莎去欧洲给一位年轻女士当护士了。回国后，她于1868年写了《小妇人》。）”可知，LouisaMayAlcott是在从欧洲回来后写的LittleWomen。故选B。3.推理判断题。由文章第四段“Louisawasastrongsupporterofwomen'srights.”(路易莎是女权的坚定支持者)和“Duringthenexttwentyyears,Louisacontinuedtowriteandadvocatewomen'srights.”（在接下来的二十年里，路易莎继续写作并倡导妇女权利。）可知Louisa是积极为妇女们争取权利的。故选C。4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“LouisaMayAlcott'swritingshavebeenconsideredgoodreadingforoveracentury.ShewasbornonNovember29,1832.Shewasthesecondoffourdaughters:Anna,Louisa,Elizabeth,andMay.Herfatherwasateacherandphilosopher.Heexperimentedwithmanydifferentjobsandmovedhisfamilyagreatdeal.”（一个多世纪以来，路易莎·梅·奥尔科特的作品一直被认为是很好的读物。她生于1832年11月29日。她有四个女儿，分别是安娜、路易莎、伊丽莎白和梅，排行老二。她的父亲是一位教师和哲学家。他尝试过许多不同的工作，并多次搬家。）本文介绍了LouisaMayAlcott的生平。所以A项做标题最恰当故选A。CLastweekMeituanco-publishedaproposalwithanumberofbusinessorganizationsincludingtheChinaGeneralChamberofCommerceandChinaCuisineAssociation,callingonrestaurantstostopfoodwasteandhelpformneweatinghabitsforcustomers.“Restaurantsshouldusemeansofpublicityusingofficialaccountsonsocialmediaandlive-streamingtopromoteandadvocatefood-savingactions,”theproposalsaid.Cateringassociationsinmorethan18provinceshavealsojoinedthecampaigntoeliminatefoodwaste.OnFridaytheChinaCuisineAssociationannouncedthatithadteamedupwithEle.me,theAlibabaGroupHolding-ownedfooddeliveryplatform,tolauncha“half-dishplan”,encouragingrestaurantstoprovidecustomerswiththeoptiontoordersmallerportions.Tocontrolfoodwasteonsocialmediaplatforms,popularChinesevideoplatformssuchasDouyinandKuaishouhavesteppedupcontentreviewsoffood-relatedlivestreamsandcarryoutregulationofonlineeatingshows.Nowifuserssearchcertainkeywords,suchas“eatingshow”or“competitiveeaters”,acautionarymessagepopsuptoremindthemtocherishfoodandkeepareasonablediet.Acrossthecountryabout20%ofallthefoodendsupinthetrash.Thatfoodwastecoststhe,averagefamilyoffourabout¥1,500ayear.Italsotakesupvaluablespaceinlandfills.Nowitistimetogetcustomerstorethinktheirrelationshipwithfoodandwaste.8.Whatisthepurposeoftheproposal?ATostopfoodwaste.B.ToimproveMeituan'sprofits.C.Toattractmorecustomers.D.TopromotethepopularityofMeituan.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eliminate”inparagraph2mean?ARestart.B.Recall.C.Research.D.Remove.10.HowdopopularChinesevideoplatformsreacttothecampaign?A.Negatively.B.Positively.C.Doubtfully.D.Angrily.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Foodcostsfamiliesmuchmoney.B.Mostofthefoodpeopleboughtiswasted.C.Foodwastecausesdamagetotheenvironment.D.Customersshouldhaveagoodrelationshipwithothers.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了美团联合一些外卖和直播平台呼吁大家爱惜食物，不要浪费食物。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“LastweekMeituanco-publishedaproposalwithanumberofbusinessorganizationsincludingtheChinaGeneralChamberofCommerceandChinaCuisineAssociation,callingonrestaurantstostopfoodwasteandhelpformneweatinghabitsforcustomers.(上周，美团与包括中国总商会和中国烹饪协会在内的一些商业组织联合发布了一份建议，呼吁餐馆停止食物浪费，帮助顾客养成新的饮食习惯)”可知，倡议的目的是呼吁大家爱惜食物，不要浪费食物。故选A。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Restaurantsshouldusemeansofpublicityusingofficialaccountsonsocialmediaandlive-streamingtopromoteandadvocatefood-savingactions(餐厅应利用社交媒体官方账号和直播等宣传手段，推广和倡导节约粮食行动)”；画线词上文“Cateringassociationsinmorethan18provinceshavealsojoinedthecampaignto”以及后文“foodwaste”可知，餐饮协会加入此次运动的目的是为了消除食物浪费，由此推测画线词为“消除”。A.Restart重新开始；B.Recall召回；C.Research研究；D.Remove消除。故选D。【10题详解】,推理判断题。根据第三段“Tocontrolfoodwasteonsocialmediaplatforms,popularChinesevideoplatformssuchasDouyinandKuaishouhavesteppedupcontentreviewsoffood-relatedlivestreamsandcarryoutregulationofonlineeatingshows.Nowifuserssearchcertainkeywords,suchas“eatingshow”or“competitiveeaters”,acautionarymessagepopsuptoremindthemtocherishfoodandkeepareasonablediet.(为了控制社交媒体平台上的食物浪费，抖音和快手等国内热门视频平台已经加强了对美食直播的内容审查，并对在线饮食节目进行监管。现在，如果用户搜索“吃货秀”或“吃货竞技”等关键词，就会弹出警告信息，提醒他们珍惜食物，保持合理饮食)”可推知，主流视频平台对此次运动是支持的。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Acrossthecountryabout20%ofallthefoodendsupinthetrash.Thatfoodwastecoststheaveragefamilyoffourabout¥1,500ayear.Italsotakesupvaluablespaceinlandfills.Nowitistimetogetcustomerstorethinktheirrelationshipwithfoodandwaste.(在全国范围内，大约20%的食物最后都被扔进了垃圾箱。平均每户四口之家每年要花费1500元。它还会占用垃圾填埋场的宝贵空间。现在是时候让顾客重新思考他们与食物和浪费的关系了)”可推知，最后一段表明食物浪费不仅浪费金钱，还导致环境问题。故选C。DBasedonboneandtoothrecords,mammoths（猛犸象）werethoughttohavegoneextinctabout12,000yearsago.Butanewgeneticsamplingtechniquesuggeststhegreatbeastsmayhavestuckaroundalotlonger.Thestoryisinthesoil.Bonesarerichsourcesofprehistoricgeneticinformation,butnottheonlyones;itemsrangingfromshedIceAgeskincellstopineneedlescancontributetothegeneticrecordstoredindirt.Paleogeneticists（古遗传学家）havebeenanalyzing“environmentalDNA”fromsoilforalongtime,butgettingridofnon-DNAmaterialwithoutdestroyingthesefragilecluesisdaunting（使人气馁的）.“EnvironmentalsamplescontainahugerangeofotherchemicalsubstancesthatarehardtoseparatefromtheDNA,”saysMcMasterUniversitygeneticistTylerMurchuev.“Wecan’taffordtolosewhateverwecanget.”Inthenewapproach,soilsamplesaregotandthenbrokenintosmallerportions,stirredandrunthrougha“coldspinmethod”toseparateasmuchDNAaspossible.TheDNAisthencomparedagainstanexistinggeneticlibrarytodetectspeciesmatches.ThemethodislimitedbecauseresearchersusingitneedtoknowwhatDNAtolookfor.Ifasaber-toothedcatspeciesisnotalreadyinthegeneticlibrary,forexample,theanalysiscannotdetectthatanimal.Forknownspecies,however,theprocessmayyieldexcitinginformation.Intheirstudy,theresearchersdetectedabout2,100kindsofplantsand180animals.Notyetpublishedresultsfromotherfieldsitesarcyieldingsimilarresults,Murchicsays,andfuturefossildiscoveriescouldstrengthenthecase.“Wecanusethisapproachtoidentifyspeciesinplacesandtimesweneverknewtheyexisted.”headds.,12.Whydoestheauthormention“mammoths"inparagraph1?A.Topresentafact.B.Toshowusanextinctanimal.C.Tocorrectamistake.D.Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.13.Whichwordcanbestdescriberesearchers'workofanalyzing“environmentalDNA”?A.Challenging.B.Interesting.C.Boring.D.Satisfying.14.Whatisthedisadvantageofthenewmethod?A.Itsprocessgoesveryslowly.B.Itcan'tdetectunknownanimals.C.Itcan'tgiveaccurateresults.D.Itcanonlybecarriedoutinthegeneticlibrary.15.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport.B.Ashortstory.C.Abookreview.D.Aresearcharticle.【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们通过研究泥土中动植物的DNA信息从而对它们获得更多的了解。【12题详解】推理判断题。由上下文及文章第一段“Butanewgeneticsamplingtechniquesuggeststhegreatbeastsmayhavestuckaroundalotlonger.Thestoryisinthesoil.”（但一项新的基因取样技术表明，这种巨兽可能存在的时间更长。故事在土壤里。）可知作者谈及mammoths是为了引出文章的主题。故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。文章二段“…gettingridofnon-DNAmaterialwithoutdestroyingthesefragilecluesisdaunting.”（在不破坏这些脆弱线索的情况下去除非DNA物质是令人生畏的。）和第三段“EnvironmentalsamplescontainahugerangeofotherchemicalsubstancesthatarehardtoseparatefromtheDNA…”（环境样本中含有大量其他化学物质，很难从DNA中分离出来）可知，从泥土中提取出有用的DNA信息是很困难，很有挑战性的一项工作。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。由文章第五段“ThemethodislimitedbecauseresearchersusingitneedtoknowwhatDNAtolookfor.Ifasaber-toothedcatspeciesisnotalreadyinthegeneticlibrary,forexample,theanalysiscannotdetectthatanimal.”（这种方法是有限,，因为使用它的研究人员需要知道要寻找什么DNA。例如，如果一种剑齿虎物种还没有出现在基因库中，分析就无法检测到这种动物。）可知，这个新方法的局限是：只能检测到已知物种，不能检测到未知物种。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。本文为说明文，介绍了科学家们通过研究泥土中动植物的DNA信息从而获得对他们更多的了解。据此可知本文是一篇研究报告。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。SecretsAboutGettingaGoodNight'sSleepGettingagoodnight'ssleepissoessentialforfunctioningwellinyourdailyactivities.____16____Hereareseveralsecretsformakingsureyou’regettingplentyofshut-eye.Checkyourmedicinesifyoucan'tsleep.____17____Sowhenyoucomplainofinsomnia,theymaynotthinktoconnectyoursleeplessnesswithsomedrugsyou'retaking.Yetmanymedicinescandisturbsleep.Ifyou'reseeingyourdoctoraboutinsomnia,makealistofalldrugsyou’retaking.Calmthoserestlesslegswithabarofsoap.Yougotobed,readytogetasolideighthours.However,yourlegsjerk.____18____Wehaveagoodsolution:Slipabarofsoapunderyourlegsandtherestlessnessshoulddisappearinabout3to5minutes.____19____Inonestudy,researchersfoundthatwomenwithrestlesslegssyndromeweredeficientinfolicacid,whichisrequiredforproperbrainandnervefunction.Supplementingwiththisvitaminimprovedsymptoms.Take400to800micro-gramsoffolicacidaday,alongwith50micro-gramsvitamin.Exerciseattherighttime.Ithasbeenshownthatexercisecanhelpyousleepbetter.Butwhenyouexercise,timeisimportant.It'snotsomethingtodojustbeforebedtime.Instead,planyourexerciseforearlyevening-aboutfourtosixhoursbeforebedtime.____20____A.Skipthesleepingpill.B.Takeavitaminforbettersleep.C.Butsomeofusarejuststrugglingwithit.D.Doctorsshouldaskyouwhatmedicinesyou'retaking,buttheyrarelydo.E.Thisisthetimeittakesforyourbody'stemperaturetodropafterexercise.F.Thathelpsyoufeellessanxiousaboutnotfallingasleepsoyoucanfallasleep.G.Andtheycontinuetodothis,eitherkeepingyoufromfallingasleeporwakingyouup.【答案】16.C17.D18.G19.B20.E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了面对失眠时可以采取的几条措施。【16题详解】,根据上文“Gettingagoodnight'ssleepissoessentialforfunctioningwellinyourdailyactivities.(晚上睡个好觉对你的日常活动至关重要)”以及后文“Hereareseveralsecretsformakingsureyou’regettingplentyofshut-eye.(以下是保证充足睡眠的几个秘诀)”可知，前句讲充足睡眠的重要性，后句谈有几条确保充足睡眠的建议，故本句与上文构成转折，指出有些人睡眠并不好。故C选项“但是我们中的一些人只是在与它作斗争”符合语境，故选C。【17题详解】根据后文“Sowhenyoucomplainofinsomnia,theymaynotthinktoconnectyoursleeplessnesswithsomedrugsyou'retaking.Yetmanymedicinescandisturbsleep.Ifyou'reseeingyourdoctoraboutinsomnia,makealistofalldrugsyou’retaking.(所以当你抱怨失眠时，他们可能不会把你的失眠与你服用的某些药物联系起来。然而，许多药物会干扰睡眠。如果你正因失眠而去看医生，列出你正在服用的所有药物)”可知，本段讲吃的药对睡眠的影响，空后一句中they是指你失眠时去看的医生。故D选项“医生应该问你在吃什么药，但他们很少这样做”符合语境，故选D。【18题详解】根据上文“Yougotobed,readytogetasolideighthours.However,yourlegsjerk.(你上床睡觉，准备好好睡上8个小时。然而，你的腿会抽搐)”可知，前句讲腿抽搐，本句承接上文说明结果：如果抽搐持续不断，其结果是影响你入睡或使你醒来。故G选项“他们继续这样的话，要么让你睡不着，要么把你吵醒”符合语境，故选G。【19题详解】根据本段内容“Inonestudy,researchersfoundthatwomenwithrestlesslegssyndromeweredeficientinfolicacid,whichisrequiredforproperbrainandnervefunction.Supplementingwiththisvitaminimprovedsymptoms.Take400to800micro-gramsoffolicacidaday,alongwith50micro-gramsvitamin.(在一项研究中，研究人员发现患有不宁腿综合症的女性缺乏叶酸，而叶酸是正常大脑和神经功能所必需的。补充这种维生素可以改善症状。每天服用400到800微克的叶酸和50微克的维生素)”可知，本段主要讲补充维生素有助于睡眠。故B选项“服用维生素有助于睡眠”符合语境，故选B。【20题详解】根据上文“Ithasbeenshownthatexercisecanhelpyousleepbetter.Butwhenyouexercise,timeisimportant.It'snotsomethingtodojustbeforebedtime.Instead,planyourexerciseforearlyevening-aboutfourtosixhoursbeforebedtime.(有研究表明，运动可以帮助你睡得更好。但是当你锻炼时，时间是很重要的。这不是睡前要做的事。相反，把锻炼计划安排在傍晚早些时候——大约在睡觉前4到6个小时)”可知，前句建议把锻炼安排在睡觉前4到6小时，可知本句承接上文说明原因：那是身体冷却需要的时间。故E选项“这是你的体温在运动后下降的时间”符合语境，故选E。,第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenIwasyoung,myfatherhadatelephone.Iusedtolistenwhenmymotherusedit.I____21____thatinsidethedeviceliveda/an____22____person—InformationPlease,andtherewasnothingshedidnotknow.Onedaywheneverybodywasout,I____23____myfinger.Thepainwasterriblebuttherewasnoonetogive____24____.Ipickedupthereceiverandsaid,“InformationPlease.”Asmallbutclearvoiceanswered,“Information.”“Myfinger.Tearscamedown.”“Isn'tyourmotherhome?”camethe____25____Nobody'shome,Isaid,“Canyouopenyouricebox?”sheasked.IsaidIcould.“Holdapieceoficetoyour____26____.”AfterthatIcalledInformationPleaseforeverything.TherewasthetimewhenIaskedwhywasitthatbirdssingso____27____andbringjoytoall,onlytoendupasaheapoffeathers?Shesaidquietly,“Paul,keepinmindthereareotherworldsto____28____in.”Yearslater,myplanewas____29____inSeattle.Icalled“InformationPleases”heardthe____30____voice.Isaid,“Iwonderifyou____31____howmuchyoumeanttomeduringthattime.”Shesaid,“I____32____ifyouunderstandhowmuchyourcallsmeanttome.Iusedtolookforwardtoyourcalls.I____33____ifIcouldcallheragain.”Shesaid,“JustaskforSally.”Threemonthslater.A____34____voiceansweredandIaskedforSally.ShetoldmeSallywassickbutwantedmeto____35____thereareotherworldstosingin.21.A.decidedB.discoveredC.heardD.expected22.A.amazingB.carefulC.annoyingD.generous23.A.brokenB.burntC.cutD.hit24.A.comfortB.congratulationC.instructionD.admiration25.A.questionB.answerC.suggestionD.request26.A.noseB.earC.fingerD.foot27.A.casuallyB.desperatelyC.beautifullyD.secretly28.A.stayB.workC.liveD.sing29.A.putoffB.putupC.putdownD.putaway30.A.coldB.familiarC.similarD.generous,31.A.dreamB.preferC.forgetD.know32.A.thinkB.imagineC.wonderD.hope33.A.complainedB.askedC.commandedD.hoped34.A.strongB.shakingC.differentD.cold35.A.addB.realizeC.acceptD.remember【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.A25.A26.C27.C28.D29.A30.B31.D32.C33.B34.C35.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者儿时拨打信息查询电话受到Sally的关心和帮助从而与其建立起友谊的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发现在这个设备里住着一位了不起的人——“信息处”，她什么都知道。A.decided决定；B.discovered发现；C.heard听见；D.expected期待。考查动词。从上文“Iusedtolistenwhenmymotherusedit.”可知作者听到母亲打电话查询信息，所以认为电话里住着一个人。故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我发现在这个设备里住着一位了不起的人——“信息处”，她什么都知道。A.amazing惊人的；B.careful仔细的；C.annoying烦人的；D.generous慷慨的。从下文“...andtherewasnothingshedidnotknow.”可知作者认为电话里的人无所不知是令人感到惊奇的。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天大家都出去了，我撞到了手指。A.broken打破；B.burnt燃烧；C.cut切割；D.hit打击，撞击。从下文“Holdapieceoficetoyour...”并结合常识可知作者冰敷很可能是不小心敲到了手指，其他情况不适合冰敷。故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：疼痛是可怕的，但没有人给安慰。A.comfort安慰；B.congratulation恭喜；C.instruction指导；D.admiration钦佩。从上文“Thepainwasterrible,...”可知作者手很痛，但家里没人来安慰。故选A。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你妈妈不在家吗?”它问。A.question问题；B.answer回答；C.suggestion建议；D.request要求。“Isn'tyourmotherhome?”是Sally问作者的一个问题。故选A。【26题详解】,考查名词词义辨析。句意：把一块冰放在你的手指上。A.nose鼻子；B.ear耳朵；C.finger手指；D.foot脚。从上文“Ihitmyfinger.”可知作者是手指痛，故应该将冰块敷在手指上。故选C。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：有一次我问，为什么鸟儿的歌声如此动听，给大家带来了欢乐，最后却变成了一堆羽毛？A.casually随便地；B.desperately绝望地；C.beautifully优美地；D.secretly秘密地。从下文“...bringjoytoall”可知作者想表达的是小鸟唱得优美，给大家带来欢乐。故选C。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她安静地说：“保罗，记住还有别的世界可以歌唱。”A.stay停留；B.work工作；C.live居住；D.sing唱歌。从下文“ShetoldmeSallywassickbutwantedmeto...thereareotherworldstosingin.”可知此处指在别的世界唱歌。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：几年后，我乘坐的飞机在西雅图延误了。A.putoff推迟；B.putup提供；C.putdown放下；D.putaway放好。作者的飞机延期，所以才有时间打电话。故选A。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我叫“信息处”听到熟悉的声音。A.cold寒冷的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.similar类似的；D.generous慷慨的。作者从儿时就开始打这个电话和Sally交流，所以对Sally的声音是熟悉的。故选B。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我说：“我想知道你是否知道那段时间你对我有多重要。”A.dream梦想；B.prefer更喜欢；C.forget忘记；D.know知道。作者问Sally是否知道她对作者来说意味着什么。故选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想知道你是否明白你的电话对我有多重要。A.think思考；B.imagine想象；C.wonder想知道；D.hope希望。从上文“Iwonderifyou...howmuchyoumeanttomeduringthattime.”可知Sally也是问作者同样的问题。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我问能不能再打给她。A.complained投诉；B.asked询问；C.commanded命令；D.hoped希望。从下文“shesaid,‘JustaskforSally.’”可知作者问Sally自己以后还能否给她打电话。故选B。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个不同声音回答了我，我要找Sally。A.strong强壮的；,B.shaking摇晃的；C.different不同的；D.cold寒冷的。从下文“ShetoldmeSallywassick...”可知这次作者打电话不是Sally接听的，所以应该是一个不同的声音。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我Sally病了，但想让我记住还有其他的世界可以唱歌。A.add增加；B.realize意识到；C.accept接受；D.remember记得。从上文“Shesaidquietly,Paul,rememberthereareotherworldsto…in,”可知作者记得Sally说的话。故选D。第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Coca-Cola____36____(rank)theworld'sNo.1plasticpolluterbyBreakFreeFromPlasticand____37____(it)bottleswerethemostfrequentlyfoundonbeaches,rivers,parksandotherlittersites.Lastyearitwasthemost____38____(frequent)litteredbottlein37countriesoutof51surveyed.Theannualaudit(审计)，____39____(undertake)by15,000volunteersaroundtheworld,identifiesthelargestnumberofplasticproductsfromglobalbrandsfoundinthehighestnumberofcountries.Thisyeartheycollected346,494piecesofplasticwaste,63%of____40____wasmarkedwithaconsumerbrand.“Theworld'stoppollutingcorporationsclaimtobeworkinghardtosolveplasticpollution,____41____theyarecontinuingtopumpout____42____(harm)single-useplasticpackaging,”saidEmmaPriestland,BreakFreeFromPlastic'sglobalcampaigncoordinator(协调员).Priestlandsaidtheonlywaytoquitthegrowingglobaltideofplasticlitterwastostopproduction.Coca-Colacameunderfirefromenvironmentalcampaignersearlierthisyearwhenitannounceditwouldnotabandonplasticbottles,sayingthey____43____(be)popularwithcustomers.InMarch,Coca-Cola,PepsiCo,NestleandUnileverwerefoundtoberesponsible____44____halfamilliontonnesofplasticpollutioninsixdeveloping_____45_____(country)eachyearinasurvey.【答案】36.wasranked37.its38.frequently39.undertaken40.which41.but##yet42.harmful43.were44.for45.countries【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。环保组织“摆脱塑缚”的年度审计结果显示，可口可乐连续第三年成为世界最大塑料污染源，百事可乐和雀巢紧随其后。【36题详解】,考查主谓一致、时态和语态。句意：根据“摆脱塑料污染”组织的排名，可口可乐是全球第一大塑料污染企业。可口可乐的瓶子是海滩、河流、公园和其他垃圾场中最常见的塑料瓶子。Coca-Cola是单数主语，且与rank之间为动宾关系。由后面were可知本句为一般过去时态。故用wasranked。【37题详解】考查代词。句意：根据“摆脱塑料污染”组织的排名，可口可乐是全球第一大塑料污染企业。可口可乐的瓶子是海滩、河流、公园和其他垃圾场中最常见的塑料瓶子。名词bottles用形容词性物主代词修饰。故用its。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：去年，在51个接受调查的国家中，有37个国家的人最常随地乱扔瓶子。副词修饰后面动词littered。故用frequently。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这项由全球1.5万名志愿者开展的年度审计发现，全球品牌的塑料产品数量最多，分布在最多的国家。本句identifies为谓语动词。undertake为非谓语且与Theannualaudit之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词。故用undertaken。【40题详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：今年，他们收集了346,494块塑料垃圾，其中63%的垃圾上标有消费品牌。本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为346,494piecesofplasticwaste，指物，从句缺of之后的宾语，用关系代词，“介词+that”不能引导非限制性定语从句。故用which。【41题详解】考查连词。句意：“摆脱塑料”全球运动协调员艾玛•普里斯特兰说:“世界上最大的污染企业都声称正在努力解决塑料污染问题，但他们仍在继续生产有害的一次性塑料包装。”。根据句意可知两个分句之间为转折关系。故用but或yet。【42题详解】考查形容词。句意：“摆脱塑料”全球运动协调员艾玛•普里斯特兰说:“世界上最大的污染企业都声称正在努力解决塑料污染问题，但他们仍在继续生产有害的一次性塑料包装。”。名词plasticpackaging用形容词修饰。故用harmful。【43题详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：今年早些时候，可口可乐公司宣布不会放弃塑料瓶，称塑料瓶很受消费者欢迎，此举遭到环保人士的抨击。They为复数主语，本句为过去时态。故用were。【44题详解】考查固定结构。句意：今年3月，一项调查发现，可口可乐(Coca-Cola)、百事可乐(PepsiCo)、雀巢(Nestle)和联合利华(Unilever)每年在六个发展中国家造成50万吨塑料污染。,beresponsiblefor意为“为……负责”，是固定短语。故用for。【45题详解】考查名词单复数。句意：今年3月，一项调查发现，可口可乐(Coca-Cola)、百事可乐(PepsiCo)、雀巢(Nestle)和联合利华(Unilever)每年在六个发展中国家造成50万吨塑料污染。six修饰复数名词。故用countries。第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华。你的英国笔友Jim听说你假期学习了游泳，来信询问，请你据此回信。内容包括：1.学习经历；2.学习感想；3.询问Jim近况。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearJim,Howiseverythinggoing?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,Howiseverythinggoing?I'mwritingtosharemyexperienceoflearningtoswimwithyou.Atfirst,Iwasafraidtogetintowater.Lookingatthewatermademefeeluneasy.However,mycoachandfriendsencouragedmetoforgetmyfearandhaveatry.Itriedasmycoachtoldme.GraduallyIfounditwasnotthatscaryanditwasinterestingtobeinwater.Fromthisexperience,Irealizedthatyoucanachievesomethingifyoubelieveinyourselfandgiveitatry.Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Jim回信，说明学习游泳的情况。【详解】1.词汇积累,教练：trainer→coach不安的：uncomfortable→uneasy害怕的：bescaredof→beafraidto试一试：haveashoot→haveatry/giveitatry2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：Lookingatthewatermademefeeluneasy.However,mycoachandfriendsencouragedmetoforgetmyfearandhaveatry.拓展句：Althoughlookingatthewatermademefeeluneasy,mycoachandfriendsencouragedmetoforgetmyfearandhaveatry.【点睛】[高分句型1]I'mwritingtosharemyexperienceoflearningtoswimwithyou.(运用了动名词作宾语)[高分句型2]Fromthisexperience,Irealizedthatyoucanachievesomethingifyoubelieveinyourselfandgiveitatry.(运用了that引导宾语从句)第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。MyhusbandandIgottoexperienceatotalstranger'skindnessandgenerosityfirst-handduringa10-daytripacrosstheHighAtlasMountainsandtheSaharaDesert.Onoursecond-to-lastdayinMorocco,wehappilytookatriptoEssaouira,anoldandbeautifulseasidetownontheAtlantic.Duringthejourneythere,westoppedatanArganco-operative（合作社）,wherewegottotastesomeArganoilandhoney.Afterthat,weheadedwherewestayed.WearrivedatoursmallguesthouseinEssaouiraatarounddinnertime,andonourwaytoalocalrestaurantsmyhusbandstartedtofeelunwell.HewentbacktoourguesthousewhileIhaddinnerwithsomefriends.WhenIgotbacktoourguesthouseafterdinner,Ifoundmyhusbandsittingonthebathroomfloor,lookingverypale.Hehadbeensickaboutsixtimesinanhour.Hespenttherestofthenightinthebathroom,gettingveryfamiliarwiththehouse'spipe.OurmainsuspectwastheArganhoney—itprobablydidn'tagreewithhim.Atabout6a.m.,myhusbandfinallymanagedtoleavethebathroomandcrawlintobed.Hewasveryweakanddehydrated（脱水的），soIwentdowntothereceptiontobuyabottleofwater.WhenIgottothelobby（门厅）,Ifoundayoungmanbehindthedesk,whodidn'tlookolderthan18,andexplainedtohimthatmyhusbandwassickandIneededtobuysomebottledwaterforhim.Ourhousewasverysmallandbasicanddidn'thavearestaurantorcafe.Theyoungmaninformedmethattheydidn'tsellanydrinksatthehouse,soIaskedhimwherethenearestshopwas.Ilookedoutthewindowandmyheartstartedtorace.Ididn'tfancyriskinggoingintotheunfamiliarstreetsoftheMedinainthedark,allbymyself.Infact,Iwasafraidofit.,注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Insteadofgivingmedirectionstothenearestshop,theyoungmanaskedmetowaitforhimthere.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ihandedhima50Dirhamnote（about5EUR）forthewater.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion:Insteadofgivingmedirectionstothenearestshop,theyoungmanaskedmetowaitforhimthere.Hepoppedoutsideanddisappearedinthedarkquickly.Iwaswonderingwhathewoulddowhenhereappearedinabout15minutes,outofbreathandcarryingalargebottleofwater.Youcan'timaginethereliefthatwashedovermewhenIsawhim,Hegavemethebottleandaskedmetogivemyhusbandsomewaterquickly.Ihandedhima50Dirhamnote(about5EUR)forthewater.Buthewouldn'tacceptanymoneyforitdespitemyinsistence.Iwassothankfulforthatsmallgestureofkindnessfromatotalstrangeronahelplessnight.Ihadbeenupallnightworryingaboutmyhusband.ThelastthingIwantedtodowastowalkthroughunfamiliarstreetsinthedark.【解析】【分析】,本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和她的丈夫在为期10天的穿越高阿特拉斯山脉和撒哈拉沙漠的旅行中，由于丈夫在旅途中生病脱水，而作者自己却不敢在黑暗中的陌生的街道行走，后来一位陌生的年轻人帮助他，并且不需要任何报酬，让他们亲身体验了一个完全陌生的人的善良和慷慨。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“那个年轻人没有告诉我怎么去最近的商店，而是让我在那里等他。”可知，第一段可描写一个陌生的年轻人帮我去买了水。②由第二段首句内容“我递给他一张50迪拉姆(约合5欧元)的钞票买了水。”可知，第二段可描写作者想感谢那位年轻人，但他拒绝了。2.续写线索：丈夫生病脱水——我去买水——不敢在黑暗的街道上走——陌生的年轻人帮助买水——作者表达感谢——年轻人拒绝——感悟3.词汇激活行为类①.出现：appear/arise/emerge②.让某人做……：asksb.todo/requestsb.todo③.担心：worryabout/beworriedabout/beanxiousabout情绪类①.感谢：showinghisappreciation/showhisgratitude/bethankful②.无助的：helpless/unassisted【点睛】[高分句型1].Iwaswonderingwhathewoulddowhenhereappearedinabout15minutes,outofbreathandcarryingalargebottleofwater.（由连接词what引导的宾语从句）[高分句型2]ThelastthingIwantedtodowastowalkthroughunfamiliarstreetsinthedark.（省略关系代词的限制性定语从句）