高考英语一轮复习 第二部分 语法专项突破 第11讲 特殊句式和主谓一致课件 牛津译林版
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欢迎来到英语课堂\n第十一讲 特殊句式和主谓一致\n一、倒装种类倒装条件例句全部倒装(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语,如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,onthewall,underthetree等置于句首,且主语是名词时。①Hearingthedogbarkingfiercely,awayfledthethief.温馨提示上述情况中,若主语是人称代词,则不用倒装。②Awaytheywent.(2)代词such放在句首,且在句中作表语时。Sucharethefacts;noonecandenythem.\n种类倒装条件例句全部倒装(3)为平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密,常将作表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首,引起全部倒装。①PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhiteandmanyotherguests.②Hangingonthewallisabeautifulpicture.\n种类倒装条件例句部分倒装(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。①(2013·高考江西卷)OnlywhenheapologizesforhisrudenesswillIspeaktohimagain.②OnlythendidIknowtheimportanceoflearning.(2)含有否定意义的副词或词组(never,seldom,little,hardly,bynomeans,notuntil等)位于句首时。NeverbeforehassheseenanybodywhocanplaytennisaswellasRobert.\n种类倒装条件例句部分倒装(3)hardly...when,nosooner...than,notonly...but(also)...等引导两个分句时,若hardly,nosooner,notonly位于句首,前一个分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不变。①HardlyhadIreachedthebusstopwhenthebusstarted.②Notonlywasthecoatsoft,butitwasalsowarm.\n种类倒装条件例句部分倒装(4)so/neither/nor置于句首,意为“也”或“也不”,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时。①Heisadoctor.Soishiswife.②Lilycan’tride,neither/norcanLucy.(5)so/such...that...句型中,当such+n.或so+adj./adv.位于句首时,主句部分倒装,that从句不倒装。①SosmallwasthemarketthatIcouldhardlyseeit.②Socarelesslydidthedrivethathealmostkilledhimself.\n种类倒装条件例句部分倒装(6)though/as引导让步状语从句时,意为“尽管”,通常把句中状语、表语或动词提前;若表语是名词,其前不用冠词。常见结构:状语/表语/动词+though/as+主谓结构。①Tryashewould,hemightfailagain.②Unsatisfiedthoughhewaswiththepayment,hetookthejobjusttogetsomeworkexperience.(7)当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had,were或should等时,如将if省略,则要将had,were或should等移到主语之前。HadIattendedthemeeting,IwouldhavemetJim.\nA\n\n2.(2014·高考大纲全国卷)________thenurseswantapayincrease,theywantreducedhoursaswell.A.NotdoonlyB.DonotonlyC.OnlynotdoD.Notonlydo解析:考查倒装句。句意:护士们不仅要求提高工资,还要求缩短工作时间。notonly在句首引起句子时,该句用部分倒装,其结构为notonlydo/will/canetc.,因此D项正确。D\n3.(2014·高考湖南卷)Onlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheart________goodrelationshipswithothers.A.willyoukeepB.youwillkeepC.youkeptD.didyoukeep解析:考查倒装句。句意:唯有找到内心的宁静,方能维持人际关系的和谐。“only+副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首时,句子(主句)要用部分倒装语序。本题中,时间状语从句whenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheart被only修饰,且置于句首,故主句用部分倒装结构。A\n二、强调句强调句(1)Itis/was...that/who可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调.当强调部分为“人”时,可用that或who,其他情况下用that。(2014·高考湖南卷)It’snotdoingthethingswelike,butlikingthethingswehavetodothatmakeslifehappy.(2)一般疑问句:Is/Was+it+...that/who...?特殊疑问句:疑问词+is/was+it+that/who...?①Thepatientlooksmuchbetter.Whatisitthathasmadehimwhatheistoday?②Wasitonalonelyislandthathewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown?\n强调句谓语动词(3)“not...until...”句型的强调句:Itis/wasnotuntil...that...(2013·高考天津卷)Itwasnotuntilneartheendoftheletterthatshementionedherownplan.do/does/did+动词原形(只用于肯定句,并且只有现在时和过去时)①Idohopeyoucantakemyplanintoconsideration.②Hedidwritetoyoulastnight.\n1.(2014·高考四川卷)WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschool________Mr.Smithgotangry?A.whyB.whoC.whereD.thatD\n2.(2014·高考福建卷)Itwastheculture,ratherthanthelanguage,________madeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad.A.whereB.whyC.thatD.whatC\n三、省略状语从句当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it且从句中有be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。①(2015·芜湖一中高三模拟)EverydayafterIwenthome,ifnottiredfromwork,Iwillgooutforawalkwithmywife.②(2013·高考天津卷)Althoughsmall,thecompanyhasabout1,000buyersinover30countries.\n宾语从句“替代性”省略:not与beafraid,hope,think,believe,suppose,expect等连用,代替否定的宾语从句,so代替肯定的宾语从句,但表示否定意义时,hope与beafraid只用Ihope/amafraidnot的形式,而think,believe,suppose等有两种形式,即:Ithink/believe/supposenot和Idon’tthink/believe/supposeso。①—Doyouthinkitwillrain?—Ihopenot/so.②—Dotheymindyousmokingthere?—Idon’tthinkso/Ithinknot.\n动词不定式(1)感官动词或使役动词(如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,let,make,have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to,但在被动语态中不能省略(let除外)。①Iheardsomeonesinginthenextroom.②Mymotherwouldn’tletmegotoseethefilm.(2)在donothingbutdo,can’thelpbutdo,whynotdo,wouldratherdo...thando...,prefertodo...ratherthando...等句型中省略to。Iwouldprefertoswimratherthanplayfootball.不定式符号to的省略\n动词不定式不定式的省略(1)使用不定式符号to来代替不定式后被省略的动词,常在beafraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等的后边。Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidn’twantto.(2)在某些形容词如glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后面使用不定式符号to来代替省略的动词。—Willyoujoininthegame?—I’dbegladto.(3)如果不定式中含有be,have,havebeen,通常保留be,have和havebeen。—Areyouasailor?—No,butIusedtobe.\nD\n\nB\n\n四、其他句式1.祈使句的固定句式(1)祈使句+and+简单句,可译为“如果……就……”。(2)祈使句+or/otherwise+简单句,可译为“……否则……”。(3)名词词组(多含有more,another)+and+简单句,可译为“如果再……就……”。(2014·高考大纲全国卷)CallmetomorrowandI’llletyouknowthelabresult.明天给我打电话,我会让你知道实验结果的。\n2.感叹句的固定句式(1)What+a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语!=How+形容词+a/an+单词名词+主语+谓语!(2)What+(形容词)+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语!(3)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!(4)How+主语+谓语!Theshockingnewsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。\n3.反意疑问句(1)祈使句的反意疑问句①肯定的祈使句,简短问句用willyou/won’tyou。②否定的祈使句,简短问句用willyou。③Let’s...,shallwe?④Letus...,willyou?\n(2)主从复合句的反意疑问句,与主句的主谓语保持一致。但当陈述部分是I/Wethink/believe/expect/suppose加从句时,疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。Thereislittledoubtinyourmindthatheisinnocent,isthere?毫无疑问,你认为他是无辜的。难道不是吗?\n温馨提示当陈述部分为否定式,反意疑问部分为肯定式时,其回答往往与汉语不一致,要特别注意!—Tomdoesn’tknowit,doeshe?——汤姆不知道这事,对吧?—No,hedoesn’t./Yes,hedoes.——对,他不知道。/不,他知道。\n(2014·高考重庆卷)—IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsummer.—ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay,________you?A.mustn’tB.haven’tC.didn’tD.hadn’tC\n解析:考查反意疑问句。句意:——去年夏天,我在伦敦度过了两个星期。——那么,在此期间你肯定参观了英国博物馆,是不是?musthavedone结构在句中表示对过去事情的推测,当句末有反意疑问的语气时,可分为两种情况:(1)句中没有明确的过去时间状语时,反意疑问句结构为“haven’t/hasn’t...”;(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时,反意疑问句结构为“didn’t...?”。根据题干中的过去时间状语lastsummer以及duringyourstay可知,反意疑问句的结构应用第二种情况。\n五、主谓一致含all,most,half,rest等的名词词组作主语,所指的内容是复数意义时,谓语动词用复数;反之,用单数。在主谓倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。用and或both...and连接并列主语,其内容是复数的,谓语动词用复数。若and连接的两个单数主语指同一人、同一物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。①Allofmyclassmatesworkhard.②Allofthewaterisupnow.Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.①Theteacherandwriterhasalreadycometothemeeting.②Bothmybrotherandmysisterareworkers.\n主语后面接连接性短语时,谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有aswellas,asmuchas,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等。以or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso...等连接的名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的数应与就近的名词或代词一致。①Yoursisteraswellasyourparentsisverykindtome.②She,likeyouandBetty,isveryclever.①Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsistoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.②Arenotonlyyoubutalsohewrong?\nlotsof,plentyof,agreat/largenumberof等以及分数、百分数表示“许多”,后接可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数。(large)quantitiesof修饰可数名词或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数;a(large)quantityof作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于后面的名词。thenumberof+复数名词,theamountof+不可数名词等构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。①Therearelargequantitiesoffoodintheshop.②AnumberofstudentslikeEnglishverymuch.Theamountofmoneyspentontheprojectisgreat.\nmanya+名词单数,morethanone+名词单数,“no/each/every/manya+名词单数+and+no/each/every/manya+名词单数”作主语,谓语动词用单数。当其他名词性从句,不定式短语或动名词短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。①Everymanandeverywomanhasagoodreasontobeproudoftheworkdonebytheirfathers.②Morethanonequestionwasraised.Whathesaidleavesmuchforustothinkabout.\n1.(2014·高考湖南卷)Allweneed________asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.A.areB.wasC.isD.wereC\n\n2.(2013·高考江苏卷)Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers________essentialtotheirdevelopment.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereA\n
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