五年高考2022届高考英语专题十三阅读理解全国通用

专题十三阅读理解2022～2022年各省市高考题考点一　主旨大意与写作意图题Passage1　(2022·新课标全国Ⅱ)话题：房间与身材词数：316Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating，forpeopleareoftenlessself－conscious(难为情)whenthey'reinpoorlylitplaces－andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn'thaveenoughwindowlight，getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy，peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing，whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit'stimetorepaint，goblue.Don'tforgettheclock－ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime，andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyou'reatit，actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown，turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12－inchplateinsteadofa10－inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone，totalintake(摄入)jumpsby14percent.Andwe'llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort，wideglassthan\natall，skinnyglass.【语篇导读】　这是一篇科普说明文。短文主要说明了人的食量与房子粉刷的颜色、灯光的明暗等有着密切的关系。它们对人的身材会产生一定的影响。1.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout.A.theirhomecomfortsB.theirbodyshapeC.housebuyingD.healthydiets解析　推理判断题。短文主要说明了饮食与室内光线、墙壁的颜色、餐具的尺寸及进餐的速度等有着密切的关系。显然这对于那些注重体型的人是有所帮助的。故答案为B。答案　B2.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople.A.digestfoodbetterB.reducefoodintakeC.burnmorecaloriesD.regaintheirappetites解析　事实细节题。根据第三段“...peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.”可知，蓝色的用餐环境有助于减少食物摄入量。因此B项正确。答案　B3.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?A.Eatquickly.B.Playfastmusic.C.Usesmallerspoons.D.Turndownthelights.解析　事实细节题。由第四段第二句可知，进餐快的人比进餐慢的人每顿饭多消耗70卡路里的热量。由此可知A项错误。由第四段倒数第二句中的“turnonrelaxingmusic”可知B项不对。而由第二段首句中的“turnupthelights”可知D项也是错误的。根据最后一段“whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone，totalintakejumpsby14percent.”也可直接推知答案为C。\n答案　C★4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?B.WaysofServingDinnerC.EffectsofSelf－ConsciousnessD.IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?解析　标题归纳题。短文首句即为主题句：房子可能影响住户的身材。接下来从房子的颜色、室内灯光等方面说明了对饮食的影响。用A项作标题，既能总括全文，又能吸引读者。答案　APassage2　(2022·安徽)话题：家庭团结词数：304Whenherfivedaughterswereyoung,HeleneAnalwaystoldthemthattherewasstrengthinunity(团结).Toshowthis,shehelduponechopstick,representingoneperson.Thensheeasilybrokeitintotwopieces.Next,shetiedseveralchopstickstogether,representingafamily.Sheshowedthegirlsitwashardtobreakthetiedchopsticks.Thislessonaboutfamilyunitystayedwiththedaughtersastheygrewup.HeleneAnandherfamilyownalargerestaurantbusinessinCalifornia.However,whenHeleneandherhusbandDannylefttheirhomeinVietnamin1975,theydidn'thavemuchmoney.TheymovedtheirfamilytoSanFrancisco.TheretheyjoinedDanny'smother,Diana,whoownedasmallItaliansandwichshop.Soonafterwards,HeleneandDianachangedthesandwichshopintoasmallVietnameserestaurant.Thefivedaughtershelpedintherestaurantwhentheywereyoung.However,Helenedidnotwantherdaughterstoalwaysworkinthefamilybusinessbecauseshethoughtitwastoohard.Eventuallythegirlsallgraduatedfromcollegeandwentawaytoworkforthemselves,butonebyone,thedaughtersreturnedtoworkinthefamilybusiness.TheyopenednewrestaurantsinSanFranciscoandLosAngeles.Eventhoughfamilymemberssometimesdisagreedwitheachother,theyworkedtogethertomakethe\nbusinesssuccessful.DaughterElisabethexplains,“Ourmothertaughtusthattosucceedwemusthaveunity,andtohaveunitywemusthavepeace.Withoutthestrengthofthefamily,thereisnobusiness.”Theirexpandingbusinessbecamealargecorporationin1996,withthreegenerationsofAnsworkingtogether.NowtheAns'corporationmakesmorethan$20millioneachyear.Althoughtheybeganwithasmallrestaurant,theyhadbigdreams,andtheyworkedtogether.Nowtheyareabigsuccess.【语篇导读】　文章通过讲述家庭企业的发展历程来强调家庭团结的重要性。介绍了HeleneAn和她的丈夫离开越南时，他们并不富有。HeleneAn以筷子为例教育孩子在家庭及事业中要团结起来，只要有梦想，一定会成功。1.Helenetiedseveralchopstickstogethertoshow.A.thestrengthoffamilyunityB.thedifficultyofgrowingupC.theadvantageofchopsticksD.thebestwayofgivingalesson解析　句意：海琳把几支筷子绑在一起来显示家庭团结的力量。考查细节理解。由第一段HeleneAnalwaystoldthemthattherewasstrengthinunity与B项意思相近。答案　A2.WecanlearnfromParagraph2thattheAnfamily.A.startedabusinessin1975B.leftVietnamwithoutmuchmoneyC.boughtarestaurantinSanFranciscoD.openedasandwichshopinLosAngeles解析　考查细节理解。由theydidn'thavemuchmoney与B项意思相近。答案　B3.WhatcanweinferabouttheAndaughters?A.Theydidnotfinishtheircollegeeducation.B.Theycouldnotbeartoworkinthefamilybusiness.C.TheywereinfluencedbywhatHelenetaughtthem.D.Theyweretroubledbydisagreementamongfamilymembers.\n解析　考查推理判断。由第三段Ourmothertaughtusthattosucceedwemusthaveunity可知。答案　C★4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoRunaCorporationB.StrengthComesfromPeaceC.HowtoAchieveaBigDreamD.FamilyUnityBuildsSuccess解析　考查主旨大意。由文章最后一段可知文章主要讲的是家庭团结对取得成功的重要性。文章没有讲怎样经营一家大型公司，也没有提到怎样实现伟大梦想。答案　DPassage3　(2022·安徽)话题：互联网与记忆词数：288AsInternetusersbecomemoredependentontheInternettostoreinformation,arepeoplerememberingless?Ifyouknowyourcomputerwillsaveinformation,whystoreitinyourownpersonalmemory,yourbrain?ExpertsarewonderingiftheInternetischangingwhatwerememberandhow.Inarecentstudy,ProfessorBetsySparrowconductedsomeexperiments.SheandherresearchteamwantedtoknowhowtheInternetischangingmemory.Inthefirstexperiment,theygavepeople40unimportantfactstotypeintoacomputer.Thefirstgroupofpeopleunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldsavetheinformation.Thesecondgroupunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldnotsaveit.Later,thesecondgrouprememberedtheinformationbetter.Peopleinthefirstgroupknewtheycouldfindtheinformationagain,sotheydidnottrytorememberit.Inanotherexperiment,theresearchersgavepeoplefactstoremember,andtoldthemwheretofindtheinformationonthecomputer.Theinformationwasinaspecificcomputerfolder(文件夹).Surprisingly,peoplelaterrememberedthefolderlocation(位置)betterthanthefacts.WhenpeopleusetheInternet,theydonotremembertheinformation.Rather,theyrememberhowtofindit.Thisiscalled“transactive\nmemory(交互记忆)”AccordingtoSparrow,wearenotbecomingpeoplewithpoormemoriesasaresultoftheInternet.Instead,computerusersaredevelopingstrongertransactivememories;thatis,peoplearelearninghowtoorganizehugequantitiesofinformationsothattheyareabletoaccessitatalaterdate.Thisdoesn'tmeanwearebecomingeithermoreorlessintelligent,butthereisnodoubtthatthewayweusememoryischanging.【语篇导读】　该篇介绍了专家们通过实验了解了互联网是如何改变我们记忆内容以及方式的，但这并不意味着我们是否能变得聪明，但毫无疑问的是，我们记忆的方式正在改变。★1.Thepassagebeginswithtwoquestionsto.A.introducethemaintopicB.showtheauthor'saltitudeC.describehowtousetheInternet.D.explainhowtostoreinformation解析　考查写作意图。由第一段可知作者使用两个问题是为了引出要讨论的话题。答案　A2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefirstexperiment?A.TheSparrow'steamtypedtheinformationintoacomputer.B.Thetwogroupsrememberedtheinformationequallywell.C.Thefirstgroupdidnottrytoremembertheinformation.D.Thesecondgroupdidnotunderstandtheinformation.解析　考查细节理解。由第二段sotheydidnottrytorememberit可知。答案　C3.Intransactivememory,people.A.keeptheinformationinmindB.changethequantityofinformationC.organizeinformationlikeacomputerD.rememberhowtofindtheinformation解析　考查细节理解。由第三段Rather,theyrememberhowtofindit可知在交互记忆里，\n人们记得如何找到信息。答案　D4.WhatistheeffectoftheInternetaccordingtoSparrow'sresearch?A.Weareusingmemorydifferently.B.Wearebecomingmoreintelligent.C.Wehavepoorermemoriesthanbefore.D.Weneedabetterwaytoaccessinformation.解析　考查推理判断。由第四段butthereisnodoubtthatthewayweusememoryischanging可知。答案　APassage4　(2022·四川)话题：金字塔词数：436NooneissurehowtheancientEgyptiansbuiltthepyramidsnearCairo.Butanewstudysuggeststheyusedalittlerock‘n’roll.Long－agobuilderscouldhaveattachedwoodenpolestothestonesandrolledthenacrossthesand,thescientistssay.“Technically,Ithinkwhatthey'reproposingispossible，”physicistDanielBonnsaid.PeoplehavelongpuzzledoverhowtheEgyptiansmovedsuchhugerocks.Andthere'snoobviousanswer.Onaverage,eachofthetwomillionbigstonesweighedaboutasmuchasalargepickuptruck.TheEgyptianssomehowmovedthestoneblockstothepyramidsitefromaboutonekilometeraway.ThemostpopularviewisthatEgyptianworkersslidtheblocksalongsmoothpaths.Manyscientistssuspectworkersfirstwouldhaveputtheblocksonsleds(滑板).Thentheywouldhavedraggedthemalongpaths.Tomaketheworkeasier,workersmayhavelubricatedthepathseitherwithwetclayorwiththefatfromcattle.Bonnhasnowtestedthisideabybuildingsmallsledsanddraggingheavyobjectsoversand.Evidencefromthesandsupportsthisidea.Researchersfoundsmallamountsof\nfat,aswellasalargeamountofstoneandtheremainsofpaths.However,physicistJosephWestthinkstheremighthavebeenasimplerway,wholedthenewstudy.Westsaid,“Iwasinspiredwhilewatchingatelevisionprogramshowinghowsledsmighthavehelpedwithpyramidconstruction.Ithought,‘Whydon'ttheyjusttryrollingthethings？’”Asquarecouldbeturnedintoaroughsortofwheelbyattachingwoodenpolestoitssides,herealized.That,henotes,shouldmakeablockofstone“aloteasiertorollthanasquare”.Sohetriedit.Heandhisstudentstiedsomepolestoeachoffoursidesofa30－kilogramstoneblock.Thatactionturnedtheblockintosomewhatawheel.Thentheyplacedtheblockontheground.Theywrappedoneendofaropearoundtheblockandpulled.Theresearchersfoundtheycouldeasilyrolltheblockalongdifferentkindsofpaths.Theycalculatedthatrollingtheblockrequiredaboutasmuchforceasmovingitalongaslippery(滑的)path.Westhasn'ttestedhisideaonlargerblocks，buthethinksrollinghasclearadvantagesoversliding.Atleast，workerswouldn'thaveneededtocarrycattlefatorwatertosmooththepaths.【语篇导读】　本文主要讲述的是关于金字塔的建造，不同的专家有着不同的见解。这篇文章主要讲述了两种看法。1.It'swidelybelievedthatthestoneblocksweremovedtothepyramidsiteby.A.rollingthemonroadsB.pushingthemoverthesandC.slidingthemonsmoothpathsD.draggingthemonsomepoles解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段的ThemostpopularviewisthatEgyptianworkersslidtheblocksalongsmoothpaths，可知选择C。答案　C2.Theunderlinedpart“lubricatedthepaths”inParagraph4means.\nA.madethepathswetB.madethepathshardC.madethepathswideD.madethepathsslippery解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段的Tomaketheworkeasier以及下文的eitherwithwetclayorwiththefatfromcattle可知，这样做是为了让路更加平滑，故选择D。答案　D3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph7referto?A.Rollingtheblockswithpolesattached.B.Rollingtheblocksonwoodenwheels.C.Rollingpolestomovetheblocks.D.Rollingtheblockswithfat.解析　代词指代题。由于是指代词，可知内容应该在上文，根据第六段的内容可知工人把木料绑在石块上，然后滚动石块。答案　A4.WhyisrollingbetterthanslidingaccordingtoWest?A.Becausemoreforceisneededforsliding.B.Becauserollingworkcanbedonebyfewercattle.C.Becauseslidingonsmoothroadsismoredangerous.D.Becauselesspreparationonpathsisneededforrolling.解析　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的workerswouldn'thaveneededtocarrycattlefatorwatertosmooththepaths.可知，滚动石块不需要有准备工作，故选择D。答案　D★5.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Anexperimentonwaysofmovingblockstothepyramidsite.B.Anapplicationofthemethodofmovingblockstothepyramidsite.C.Anargumentaboutdifferentmethodsofmovingblockstothepyramidsite.D.Anintroductiontoapossiblenewwayofmovingblockstothepyramidsite.解析　主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了一种新的把石块移动到金字塔地址的方法，故选择D。\n答案　DPassage5　(2022·天津)话题：社会机器人词数：309Whetherinthehomeortheworkplace,socialrobotsaregoingtobecomealotmorecommoninthenextfewyears.Socialrobotsareabouttobringtechnologytotheeverydayworldinamorehumanizedway,saidCynthiaBreazeal,chiefscientistattherobotcompanyJibo.Whilehouseholdrobotstodaydothenormalhousework,socialrobotswillbemuchmorelikecompanionsthanmeretools.Forexample,theserobotswillbeabletodistinguishwhensomeoneishappyorsad.Thisallowsthemtorespondmoreappropriatelytotheuser.TheJiborobot,arrangedtoshiplaterthisyear,isdesignedtobeapersonalizedassistant.Youcantalktotherobot,askitquestions,andmakerequestsforittoperformdifferenttasks.Therobotdoesn'tjustdelivergeneralanswerstoquestions;itrespondsbasedonwhatitlearnsabouteachindividualinthehousehold.Itcandothingssuchasremindinganelderlyfamilymembertotakemedicineortakingfamilyphotos.Socialrobotsarenotjustfindingtheirwayintothehome.Theyhavepotentialapplicationsineverythingfromeducationtohealthcareandarealreadyfindingtheirwayintosomeofthesespaces.FellowRobotsisonecompanybringingsocialrobotstothemarket.Thecompany's“Oshbot”robotisbuilttoassistcustomersinastore,whichcanhelpthecustomersfinditemsandhelpguidethemtotheproduct'slocationinthestore.Itcanalsospeakdifferentlanguagesandmakerecommendationsfordifferentitemsbasedonwhatthecustomerisshoppingfor.Themoreinteractiontherobothaswithhumans,themoreitlearns.ButOshbot,likeothersocialrobots,isnotintendedtoreplaceworkers,buttoworkalongsideotheremployees.“Wehavetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus，”saidBreazeal.\n【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是社交机器人未来的发展情况。无论是在家里或工作场所，社交机器人将在未来的几年中变得更为常见。1.Howaresocialrobotsdifferentfromhouseholdrobots?A.Theycancontroltheiremotions.B.Theyaremorelikehumans.C.Theydothenormalhousework.D.Theyrespondtousersmoreslowly.解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Socialrobotsare...inamorehumanizedway.和第二段内容可知，社交机器人更人性化。答案　B2.WhatcanaJiborobotdoaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Communicatewithyouandperformoperations.B.Answeryourquestionsandmakerequests.C.Takeyourfamilypicturesanddelivermilk.D.Obeyyourordersandremindyoutotakepills.解析　细节判断题。根据第三段最后一句话可知，Jibo机器人服从命令，并能提醒你按时吃药。答案　D3.WhatcanOshbotworkas?A.Alanguageteacher.B.Atourguide.C.Ashopassistant.D.Aprivatenurse.解析　细节判断题。根据倒数第二段中Thecompany's“Oshbot”robotisbuilttoassistcustomersinastore可知，Oshbot机器人可以作为店员帮助顾客查找需要的东西。答案　C4.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatsocialrobotswill.A.trainemployeesB.beourworkmatesC.improvetechnologiesD.taketheplaceofworkers解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Oshbot,likeothersocialrobots...buttoworkalongsideotheremployees.可知，社交机器人将会成为我们的同事，和我们一起工作。\n答案　B★5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlypresent?A.Anewdesignideaofhouseholdrobots.B.Marketingstrategiesforsocialrobots.C.Informationonhouseholdrobots.D.Anintroductiontosocialrobots.解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是社交机器人。故答案为D。答案　DPassage6　(2022·陕西)话题：咖啡树种植词数：307Theproductionofcoffeebeansisahuge，profitablebusiness，but，unfortunately，full－sunproductionistakingovertheindustryandbringingaboutalotofdamage.Thechangeinhowcoffeeisgrownfromshade－grownproductiontofull－sunproductionendangerstheveryexistenceofcertainanimalsandbirds，andevendisturbstheworld'secologicalbalance.Onalocallevel，thedamageoftheforestrequiredbyfull－sunfieldsaffectsthearea'sbirdsandanimals.Theshadeoftheforesttreesprovidesahomeforbirdsandotherspecies(物种)thatdependonthetrees'flowersandfruits.Full－suncoffeegrowersdestroythisforesthome.Asaresult，manyspeciesarequicklydyingout.Onamoregloballevel，thedestructionoftherainforestforfull－suncoffeefieldsalsothreatens(威胁)humanlife.Medicalresearchoftenmakesuseoftheforests'plantandanimallife，andthedestructionofsuchspeciescouldpreventresearchersfromfindingcuresforcertaindiseases.Inaddition，newcoffee－growingtechniquesarepoisoningthewaterlocally，andeventuallytheworld'sgroundwater.Bothlocallyandglobally，thecontinuedspreadoffull－suncoffeeplantations(种植园)couldmeanthedestructionoftherainforestecology.Thelossofshadetreesisalreadycausingaslightchangeintheworld'sclimate，andstudiesshowthat\nthelossofoxygengivingtreesalsoleadstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.Moreover，thenewgrowingtechniquesarecontributingtoacidic(酸性的)soilconditions.Itisobviousthatthewaymuchcoffeeisgrownaffectsmanyaspectsoflife，fromthelocalenvironmenttotheglobalecology.Butconsumersdohaveachoice.Theycanpurchaseshade－growncoffeewheneverpossible，althoughatahighercost.Thefuturehealthoftheplanetandmankindissurelyworthmorethananinexpensivecupofcoffee.【语篇导读】　咖啡豆的生产和咖啡树的种植给人类带来了意想不到的结果。因为咖啡树生长需要充足的阳光，人类不仅破坏了遮荫的森林，还破坏了生态平衡，进而威胁人类的健康。1.Whatcanwelearnaboutfull－suncoffeeproductionfromParagraph4?A.Itlimitsthespreadofnewgrowingtechniques.B.Itleadstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.C.Itslowsdownthelossofshadetrees.D.Itimproveslocalsoilconditions.解析　细节事实题。根据第四段的第二句可知：靠阳光生长的咖啡树的大量种植导致了遮荫树的减少，这已经引起了世界气候的变化，研究表明这些能释放氧气的树的减少也导致了空气污染和全球变暖。对应B项。A项错在limit一词上；C项错在slowdown上；D项错在improve一词上，不是改善了土壤，而是使变成了酸性土壤。答案　B★2.Thepurposeofthetextisto.A.entertainB.advertiseC.instructD.persuade解析　作者意图题。根据文章的描述，特别是最后一段话，咖啡树的大量种植不仅给当地环境，而且给全球生态都带来了影响。所以对于消费者来说，他们可以有不同的选择，他们可以选择购买在树荫下成长起来的咖啡，虽然价格会昂贵一点，但是和人类和全球的健康相比，那也是值得的。作者的目的是劝说人们不要为了咖啡破坏生态平衡。答案　D3.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Anagriculturalmagazine.\nB.Amedicaljournal.C.Anengineeringtextbook.D.Atouristguide.解析　文章出处题。本题可以使用排除法，和咖啡种植有关的一定是agriculture农业一词，而不是medical，engineering，tourist等。答案　A★4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext?解析　文章结构题。全文是以总分总的结构进行叙述的。第一段提出问题(最后一句)，第二、三、四段分别针对咖啡树的种植对当地、全球、整个生态平衡的影响做了描述，最后一段总结，提出解决问题的办法。答案　APassage7　(2022·山东)话题：Elizabeth为自由而战词数：289ElizabethFreemanwasbornabout1742toAfricanAmericanparentswhowereslaves.Attheageofsixmonthsshewasacquired，alongwithhersister，byJohnAshley，awealthyMassachusettsslaveholder.Shebecameknownas“Mumbet”or“MumBett.”Fornearly30yearsMumbetservedtheAshleyfamily.Oneday，Ashley'swifetriedtostrikeMumbet'ssisterwithaspade.Mumbetprotectedhersisterandtooktheblowinstead.Furious，sheleftthehouseandrefusedtocomeback.WhentheAshleystriedtomakeherreturn，Mumbetconsultedalawyer，TheodoreSedgewick.Withhishelp，Mumbetsued(起诉)forherfreedom.WhileservingtheAshleys，MumbethadlistenedtomanydiscussionsofthenewMassachusettsconstitution.Iftheconstitutionsaidthatallpeoplewerefreeandequal，thenshethoughtitshouldapplytoher.Eventually，Mumbetwonher\nfreedom—thefirstslaveinMassachusettstodosounderthenewconstitution.Strangelyenough，afterthetrial，theAshleysaskedMumbettocomebackandworkforthemasapaidemployee.ShedeclinedandinsteadwenttoworkforSedgewick.Mumbetdiedin1829，butherlegacylivedoninhermanydescendants(后裔).Oneofhergreat－grandchildrenwasW.E.B.DuBois，oneofthefoundersoftheNAACP，andanimportantwriterandspokespersonforAfricanAmericancivilrights.Mumbet'stombstonestillstandsintheMassachusettscemeterywhereshewasburied.Itreads，inpart：“Shewasbornaslaveandremainedaslavefornearlythirtyyears.Shecouldneitherreadnorwrite，yetinherownsphereshehadnosuperiororequal.”【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文，论述了黑人奴隶ElizabethFreeman为争取自由而与生命抗争的故事。1.WhatdoweknowaboutMumbetaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Shewasbornaslave.B.Shewasaslaveholder.C.Shehadafamoussister.D.Shewasbornintoarichfamily.解析　事实细节题。根据第一段，她出生在一个奴隶家庭，根据历史背景知识，故选A项。答案　A2.WhydidMumbetrunawayfromtheAshleys?A.Shefoundanemployer.B.Shewantedtobealawyer.C.Shewashitandgotangry.D.Shehadtotakecareofhersister.解析　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，Mumbet保护她的姐姐，代为受罚，愤然离开，拒绝回来，后咨询律师，可知答案。答案　C3.WhatdidMumbetlearnfromdiscussionsaboutthenewconstitution?A.Sheshouldalwaysobeyherowners'orders.\nB.Sheshouldbeasfreeandequalaswhites.C.Howtobeagoodservant.D.Howtoapplyforajob.解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话，她认为自由平等也“适用”于她，故选B项。答案　B4.WhatdidMumbetdoafterthetrial?A.Shechosetoworkforalawyer.B.ShefoundedtheNAACP.C.ShecontinuedtoservetheAshleys.D.Shewenttolivewithhergrandchildren.解析　事实细节题。根据第四段“ShedeclinedandinsteadwenttoworkforSedgewick.”故选A项。答案　A★5.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Astoryofafamouswriterandspokesperson.B.Thefriendshipbetweenalawyerandaslave.C.ThelifeofabraveAfricanAmericanwoman.D.Atrialthatshockedthewholeworld.解析　主旨大意题。根据全文大意，讲述的是一位黑人奴隶勇敢的故事，故选C项。答案　CPassage8　(2022·重庆)话题：我与室友Kate词数：298Iwasneververyneat，whilemyroommateKatewasextremelyorganized.Eachofherobjectshaditsplace，butminealwayshidsomewhere.Sheevenlabeled(贴标签)everything.Ialwayslookedforeverything.Overtime，KategotneaterandIgotmessier.Shewouldpushmydirtyclothingover，andIwouldlaymybooksonhertidydesk.Webothgottiredofeachother.Warbrokeoutoneevening.Katecameintotheroom.Soon，Iheardherscreaming，“Takeyourshoesaway！Whyundermybed！”Deafened，Isawmyshoesflying\natme.Ijumpedtomyfeetandstartedyelling.Sheyelledbacklouder.Theroomwasfilledwithanger.Wecouldnothavestayedtogetherforasingleminutebutforaphonecall.Kateansweredit.Fromherendoftheconversation，Icouldtellrightawayhergrandmawasseriouslyill.Whenshehungup，shequicklycrawled(爬)underhercovers，sobbing.Obviously，thatwassomethingsheshouldnotgothroughalone.Allofasudden，awarmfeelingofsympathyroseupinmyheart.Slowly，Icollectedthepencils，tookbackthebooks，mademybed，cleanedthesocksandsweptthefloor，evenonherside.IgotsointomyworkthatIevendidn'tnoticeKatehadsatup.Shewaswatching，hertearsdriedandherexpressiononeofdisbelief.Then，shereachedoutherhandstograspmine.Ilookedupintohereyes.Shesmiledatme，“Thanks.”KateandIstayedroommatesfortherestoftheyear.Wedidn'talwaysagree，butwelearnedthekeytolivingtogether：givingin，cleaningupandholdingon.【语篇导读】　“我”是一个不拘小节的人，宿舍经常被弄得一团糟，而“我”的室友Kate却生活条理，喜欢整洁，终于，我们由于各自不同的生活习惯产生争吵，幸亏一个电话终止了我们的争吵：Kate的奶奶去世了，Kate陷入悲痛，“我”表现出了对她的关切和照顾，我们重归于好。我也学会了如何与室友相处。1.WhatmadeKatesoangryoneevening?A.Shecouldn'tfindherbooks.B.Sheheardtheauthorshoutingloud.C.Shegotthenewsthathergrandmawasill.D.Shesawtheauthor'sshoesbeneathherbed.解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二自然段第三句话可知。答案　D2.Theauthortidieduptheroommostprobablybecause.A.shewasscaredbyKate'sangerB.shehatedherselfforbeingsomessyC.shewantedtoshowhercare\nD.shewasaskedbyKatetodoso解析　细节推断题。上文提到“我”看到Kate伤心，心中升起一股温暖的同情感，下文就写到我整理房间，可以推知“我”想表达对她的关切和安慰。故选C。答案　C3.HowisParagraph1mainlydeveloped?A.Byanalyzingcauses.B.Byshowingdifferences.C.Bydescribingaprocess.D.Byfollowingtimeorder.解析　推理判断题。第一段通过对比“我”与室友的不同为下文产生矛盾做好铺垫，故选B。答案　B★4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthestory?A.MyFriendKateB.HardWorkPaysOffC.HowtoBeOrganizedD.LearningtoBeRoommates解析　主旨大意题。文章通过记叙自身经历使自己学会了如何和室友相处，最后一自然段结尾点明“我”学得的共处经验，是文章的中心句，故选D。答案　DPassage9　(2022·重庆)话题：肥胖与锻炼词数：304Therehavealwaysbeenalotofcommonlybelievedbutfalseideasaboutbeingfatanddoingexercise.Somepeoplebelievethattheycan'thelpputtingonweightastheygetolder，whileothersholdthatiftheystopexercising，theirmuscleswillturnintofat.Herearesomemoremyths：I'llneverloseweight—IcomefromafatfamilyWrong！Whilewecan'tchangethebodytypewearebornwith，wecan'tblameourgenesformakingusfat.There'splentyofevidencethatfatnessrunsin\nfamilies，andthemainreasonisthattheysharethesamehabitsofeatingtoomuchandexercisingtoolittle.IamfatbecauseIburncaloriesslowlyWrong！Fatnessisnotcausedbyaslowmetabolism(新陈代谢).Infact，althoughfatpeopleconsumemoreenergythanslimpeople，theyalsofailtorealizehowmuchtheyeat！Keepingadiarycanhelpyouworkoutyourdailyfoodintakemoreaccurately.ExerciseisboringWrong！Anythingwillbecomeboringifyoudoitrepetitively.Thekeyistodevelopabalancedandvariedprogramthat'sfunaswellasprogressive.IfyouenjoyaSundaywalk，takeadifferentroute.Ifyoudoyoga，tryataichiclass.Ifyoulikeswimming，setyourselfadistanceortimechallenge.Nopain，nogainWrong！Exerciseisnotmeanttohurt.Indeed，painisyourbodytellingyousomething'swrong，andcontinuingtoexercisecouldleadtoseriousinjury.Youmayexperiencemilddiscomfortasyoubegintoexerciseregularly，butthisisyourbodyadaptingtothepositivechangesinyourlifestyleandtheachesshoulddisappearrelativelyquickly.Iftheydon't，restandseekmedicaladvice.【语篇导读】　关于胖瘦和锻炼等话题，人们有很多普遍认同的观点，但这些观点并不都是正确的，对于几个观点，作者给予了详细的阐述与论证。1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutbeingfat?A.Itisthefamilygenesthatmakepeoplefat.B.Peoplearefatbecausetheyconsumetoolittleenergy.C.Adiaryofexercisecanpreventpeoplefrombecomingfat.D.Itistheconsequenceofpeople'sunbalancedlifestyle.解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二自然段最后一句话可知。答案　D2.Accordingtotheauthor，howcanwemakeexercisemoreinteresting?A.Bytakingvariedexercise.B.Bychoosingsimpleexercise.C.Bydoingregularexercise.\nD.Bystickingtooutdoorexercise.解析　细节推断题。根据文章第四自然段可知让锻炼变得不枯燥的办法是“developabalancedandvariedprogramthat'sfunaswellasprogressive.”故选A。答案　A3.Whatistheauthor'sopinionabout“Nopain，nogain”inexercising?A.Keepingfitisessentiallyapainfulexperience.B.Exerciseshouldbestoppedifcontinuouspainisfelt.C.Paininexerciseisapreconditionforreachingyourgoal.D.Gettingusedtopainleadstopositivechangesinyourbody.解析　细节推断题。根据文章第五自然段第三句话可推知“如果身体出问题也会疼，继续锻炼只能导致更严重的伤害。”第五句就提到如果是持续疼痛，就要休息和看医生。故选B。答案　B★4.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Todeclaretheimportanceofkeepingfit.B.Toclarifysomemisconceptionsaboutfatnessandexercise.C.Toconfirmwhathaslongbeenbelievedaboutkeepingfit.D.Toexplainsomemedicalfactsaboutbeingfatanddoingexercise.解析　主旨大意题。根据文章第一自然段第一句话可知本文的写作目的是为了纠正人们关于肥胖和锻炼的不正确的看法。答案　BPassage10　(2022·广东)话题：音乐天才的故事词数：348SamuelOsmondisa19－year－oldlawstudentfromCornwall，England.Heneverstudiedthepiano.However，hecanplayverydifficultmusicalpiecesbymusicianssuchasChopinandBeethovenjustafewminutesafterhehearsthem.Helearnsapieceofmusicbylisteningtoitinparts.Thenhethinksaboutthenotesinhishead.Twoyearsago，heplayedhisfirstpieceMoonlightSonata(奏鸣曲)byBeethoven.Hesurprisedeveryonearoundhim.\nAmazedthatherememberedthislonganddifficultpieceofmusicandplayeditperfectly，histeacherssaySamuelisunbelievable.Theysayhisabilityisveryrare，butSamueldoesn'tevenrealizethatwhathecandoisspecial.Samuelwantedtobecomealawyerasitwasthewishofhisparents，butmusicteacherstoldhimheshouldstudymusicinstead.Now，hestudieslawandmusic.Samuelcan'tunderstandwhyeveryoneissosurprised.“Igrewupwithmusic.Mymotherplayedthepianoandmyfatherplayedtheguitar.Abouttwoyearsago，Isuddenlydecidedtostartplayingthepiano，withoutbeingabletoreadmusicandwithouthavinganylessons.Itcomeseasilytome—Ihearthenotesandcanbeartheminmind—eachandeverynote，”saysSamuel.Recently，Samuelperformedapieceduringaspecialeventathiscollege.Thepiecehadmorethanathousandnotes.Theaudiencewasimpressedbyhisamazingperformance.Heisnowlearningapiecethatissodifficultthatmanyprofessionalpianistscan'tplayit.Samuelsaysconfidently，“It'sallaboutsupermemory—IguessIhavethatgift.”However，Samuel'sabilitytorememberthingsdoesn'tstopwithmusic.Hisfamilysaysthatevenwhenhewasayoungboy，Samuelheardsomeonereadastory，andthenhecouldretellthestorywordforword.Samuelisstillonlyateenager.Hedoesn'tknowwhathewantstodointhefuture.Fornow，heisjusthappytoplaybeautifulmusicandcontinuehisstudies.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文，记述了SamuelOsmond一个音乐天才的人物故事。1.WhatisspecialaboutSamuelOsmond?A.Hehasagiftforwritingmusic.B.Hecanwritedownthenotehehears.C.Heisatopstudentatthelawschool.D.Hecanplaythemusicalpiecehehears.解析　事实细节题。由第一段中的However，hecanplayverydifficultmusicalpiecesbymusicians...可知，故选D项。答案　D\n2.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A.Samuelchoselawagainstthewishofhisparents.B.Samuelplannedtobealawyerratherthanamusician.C.Samuelthinksofhimselfasamanofgreatmusicalability.D.Samuelstudieslawandmusicontheadviceofhisteachers.解析　事实细节题。由第二段最后两句“butmusicteacherstoldhimheshouldstudymusicinstead.Now，hestudieslawandmusic”可知选D。答案　D3.EveryonearoundSamuelwassurprisedbecausehe.A.receivedagoodearlyeducationinmusicB.playedtheguitarandthepianoperfectlyC.couldplaythepianowithoutreadingmusicD.couldplaytheguitarbetterthanhisfather解析　事实细节题。由第三段最一句Samuelcan'tunderstandwhyeveryoneissosurprised和第三、四句“Isuddenlydecidedtostartplayingthepiano，withoutbeingabletoreadmusicandwithouthavinganylessons.Itcomeseasilytome...eachandeverynote”可知，他不用看音符就能弹钢琴，故选C项。答案　C4.WhatcanweinferaboutSamuelinParagraph4?A.Hebecamefamousduringaspecialeventathiscollege.B.Heisproudofhisabilitytorememberthingsaccurately.C.Heplaysthepianobetterthanmanyprofessionalpianists.D.Heimpressedtheaudiencebyplayingallthemusicalpieces.解析　推理判断题。由第四段最后一句Samuelsaysconfidently，“It'sallaboutsupermemory—IguessIhavethatgift.”可推出。答案　C★5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.TheQualitiesofaMusicianB.TheStoryofaMusicalTalentC.TheImportanceofEarlyEducation\nD.TheRelationshipbetweenMemoryandMusic解析　主旨大意题。全文都是说学法律的Samuel有音乐天才。答案　BPassage11　(2022·湖北)话题：摩天大楼的争议词数：408London'snewestskyscraper(摩天大楼)iscalledtheShardanditcostabout430millionpoundstobuild.Ataheightofalmost310metres，itisthetallestbuildinginEurope.TheShardhascompletelychangedtheappearanceofLondon.However，noteveryonethinksthatitisachangeforthebetter.TheShardwasdesignedbythefamousItalianarchitectRenzoPiano.WhenhebegandesigningtheShardforLondon，Pianowantedaverytallbuildingthatlookedlikeaspire(尖顶).Hewantedtheglasssurfacestoreflecttheskyandthecity.Thesidesofthebuildingaren'tregular.Sothebuildinghasanunusualshape.Itlookslikeaverythin，sharppieceofbrokenglass.Andthatishowthebuildinggotthename：theShard.PianosaysthatthespireshapeoftheShardispartofagreatLondontradition.TheshaperemindshimofthespiresofthechurchesofLondonorthetallmasts(桅杆)oftheshipsthatwereonceontheriverThames.TheShardhas87floors.Atthetop，thereisanobservatory.Atthemomentthebuildingisempty，buteventuallytherewillbeafive－starhotel.Therewillalsobetopqualityrestaurants，apartmentsandoffices.Beforebuildingworkbegan，alotofpeopledidn'twanttheShardthoughtheplanswereapproved.NowtheyarestillunhappyabouttheShard.SomecriticssaythatsuchatallskyscrapermightbegoodinacitylikeNewYork，butnotinLondon.TheysaythatthebestthingabouttheShardisitsspireshape.Butthatistheonlything.Thereisnodecoration，onlyflatsurfaces.TheEgyptiansdidthat4，500yearsago.TheyalsothinktheShardistoobigforLondon.Itdestroysthebeautyofthecity.Othercriticsdon'tlikewhattheShardseemstorepresent.TheysaythattheShardshowshowLondonisbecomingmoreunequal.Onlyveryrichpeoplecanafford\ntobuytheexpensiveprivateapartmentsandstayinthehotel.ButthepeoplewholiveneartheShardareamongthepoorestinLondon.SotheShardseemsasymbolofthedivisioninsocietybetweentheveryrichandthepoor.TheShardnowdominatestheLondonskyline.Itisnotcertain，however，thatordinaryLondoncitizenswilleveracceptitasavaluableadditiontothecity.【语篇导读】　文章论述了伦敦新的摩天大楼theShard的建造所带来的争议。有人认为它是英国传统文化的传承，是一项很好的变化。但也有批评者认为Shard造成了社会(贫富)分化。1.London'snewestskyscraperiscalledtheShardbecauseof.A.itscostB.itssizeC.itsshapeD.itsheight解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第四行到第五行Sothebuildinghasanunusualshape.Itlookslikeaverythin，sharppieceofbrokenglass.Andthatishowthebuildinggotthename：Shard.可知答案为B。答案　B2.WhenhedesignedtheShard，Pianowanteditto.A.changeLondon'sskylineB.inheritLondon'straditionC.imitatetheEgyptianstyleD.attractpotentialvisitors解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第二句：PianosaysthatthespireshapeoftheShardispartofagreatLondontradition可知答案为B。答案　B3.ThecriticswhorefertosocialdivisionthinktheShard.A.isonlypreferredbytherichB.isintendedforwealthypeopleC.isfarawayfromthepoorareaD.ispopularonlywithLondoners解析　细节理解题。根据第五段第三句Onlyveryrichpeoplecanaffordtobuytheexpensiveprivateapartmentsandstayinthehotel.可知答案为B。\n答案　B★4.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheShard：CheersandClapsB.TheShard：WorkofaGreatArchitectC.TheShard：NewSymbolofLondon?D.TheShard：AChangefortheBetter?解析　主旨大意题。整篇文章论述的是伦敦新的摩天大楼的建造所带来的争议。有人认为它是英国传统的传承，是一个很好的变化。但也有人提出质疑，认为Shard造成了社会(贫富)分化。因此答案选D。答案　DPassage12　(2022·浙江)话题：入乡随俗词数：448Hereissomemust－knowinformationfromahandbookonhowpeoplebehaveindoingbusinessinsomecountries.InBrazilBraziliansarewarmandfriendly.Theyoftenstandclosewhentalkinganditiscommonforthemtotouchthepersonontheshoulder.Peopleoftengreeteachother(particularlywomen)withlightcheekkisses.Schedulestendtobeflexible，withbusinessmeetingssometimesstartinglaterthanplanned.Buttobesafe，beontime.Mealscanstretchforhours—there'snosuchthingasrushingamealinBrazil.Lunchesalsocanstartinthemidtolateafternoon.Braziliansaresocial，preferringface－to－facecommunicationoveremailsorphonecalls.InSingaporeSingaporeansshakehandswhentheymeetandoftenalsogreeteachotherwithasmall，politebow.Businesscardsshouldbeofferedandreceivedwithtwohands.Arrivinglateisconsidereddisrespectful.Sobeontime.Efficiency(效率)isthegoal，someetingsanddealingsoftenarefast－paced.Singaporeansaredirectintheirdiscussions，evenwhenthesubjectisaboutmoney.Rankisimportantandauthorityisrespected.Thisdetermineshowpeopleinteractinmeetings.Forexample\n，peopleavoiddisagreeingoutrightwithsomeoneofahigherrank.IntheUnitedArabEmiratesIntheUAE，statusisimportant，sothemostseniororoldestshouldbegreetedfirstwiththeirtitles.Thehandshakeseemstobelongerthanelsewhere.Sodonotpullawayfromthehandshake.Womenshouldcoverthemselveswhenitcomestodress.Menalsotendtobecoveredfromnecktoelbows(肘部)anddowntotheknees.Peopledonotavoidentertainingintheirhomes，buttheyalsoholdbusinessmealsatrestaurants.Touchingorpassingfoodoreatingwithyourlefthandistobeavoided.Whenmeetingsareone－to－one，ifyourhostoffersyoucoffee，youshouldrefuse.Itmightseemodd，butitisaculturaltradition.Coffeeshouldonlybeacceptedifitisalreadysetoutorpresented.InSwitzerlandTheSwisstendtobeformalandaddresseachotherbylastname.Theyalsoarerespectfulofprivatelives.Youshouldbecarefulnottoaskaboutpersonaltopics.Punctuality(守时)isvital，somethingthatcomesfromadeeprespectforothers'time.Arriveatanymeetingoreventafewminutesearlytobesafe.Theyalsohaveclearstructureintheircompanies.Higher－upsmakethefinaldecisions，evenifothersmightdisagree.Neat，cleandressisexpected.TheSwissfollowformaltablemanners.Theyalsokeeptheirhandsvisibleatthetableandtheirelbowsoffthetable.Itispolitetofinishthefoodonyourplate.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。分别介绍了巴西、新加坡、阿联酋和瑞士的习俗和社交礼仪。★1.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.communicationtypesB.theworkplaceatmosphereC.customsandsocialmannersD.livingconditionsandstandards解析　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了巴西、新加坡、阿联酋和瑞士的习俗和社交礼仪，故选C。答案　C\n2.WhydoSingaporeansavoidarguingwiththeirboss?A.Theyputefficiencyinthefirstplace.B.Theydislikeface－to－facecommunication.C.Theywanttofinishmeetingsasquicklyaspossible.D.Theyaresupposedtoobeythepersonofahigherrank.解析　细节理解题。根据“InSingapore”部分最后三句话可知，等级和特权是非常重要的，这就决定了人们在开会时如何互动，下级应该服从上级，故选D。答案　D3.IntheUAE，whenshouldyourefusethecoffeeifitisoffered?A.Whengreetingseniors.B.Whenmeetingthehostalone.C.Whenattendingapresentation.D.Whendiningwithbusinesspartners.解析　细节理解题。根据“IntheUnitedArabEmirates”部分倒数第三句“Whenmeetingsareone－to－one，...”可知，在阿联酋当单独与主人见面时不能喝主人提供的咖啡。故选B。答案　B4.Inwhichcountrydopeoplecareaboutwheretoputtheirhandsatthedinnertable?A.InBrazil.B.InSingapore.C.IntheUnitedArabEmirates.D.InSwitzerland.解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句话可知，在瑞士人们通常把手放桌上，肘部远离桌子，这是他们正规的餐桌礼仪，故选D。答案　DPassage13　(2022·辽宁)话题：无私的“母亲树”词数：291Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat，likeanimals，treescommunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgeneration?\nUBCProfessorSimardexplainshowtreesaremuchmorecomplexthanmostofuseverimagined.AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarecompetingforsurvivalofthefittest，Simardshowsjusthowwronghewas.Infact，theoppositeistrue：treessurvivethroughtheircooperationandsupport，passingaroundnecessarynutrition“dependingonwhoneedsit”.Nitrogen(氮)andcarbonaresharedthroughmilesofundergroundfungi(真菌)networks，makingsurethatalltreesintheforestecologicalsystemgiveandreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thishiddensystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneurons(神经元)inourbrains，andwhenonetreeisdestroyed，itaffectsall.Simardtalksabout“mothertrees”，usuallythelargestandoldestplantsonwhichallothertreesdepend.Sheexplainshowdyingtreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration，transportingimportantmineralstoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown“mothertrees”withnoawarenessofthesehighlycomplex“treesocieties”orthenetworksonwhichtheyfeed，wearereducingthechancesofsurvivalfortheentireforest.“Wedidn'ttakeanynoticeofit”Simardsayssadly.“Dyingtreesmovenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedying，butwenevergivethemchance.”Ifwecouldputacrossthemessagetotheforestryindustry，wecouldmakeahugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsforthefuture.【语篇导读】　本文为说明文。大千世界，无奇不有。树和人类一样，也是依靠彼此的合作与支持，树的家族才得以延续。“母亲树”，在死亡前夕会无私地将自己的财富传递给下一代。1.Theunderlinedsentence“theoppositeistrue”inParagraph2probablymeansthattrees.A.competeforsurvivalB.protecttheirownwealthC.dependoneachotherD.providesupportfordyingtrees解析　句意猜测题。根据第二段最后一句话对theoppositeistrue的解释：trees\nsurvivethroughtheirco－operationandsupport，passingaroundnecessarynutrition“dependingonwhoneedsit”树是通过他们的合作、支持并传递必要的营养，得以生存的。答案　C2.“Mothertrees”areextremelyimportantbecausethey.A.lookthelargestinsizeintheforestB.passonnutritiontoyoungtreesC.seemmorelikelytobecutdownbyhumansD.knowmoreaboutthecomplex“treesocieties”解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的第一、二句话可知，“母亲树”之所以十分重要，是因为她们是其他树赖以生存的基础，她们死亡前会把财富，特别是一些重要的矿物质输送给年轻的树，来促进它们的生长，因此B项正确，与passonnutritiontoyoungtrees正好吻合。答案　B3.Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto.A.how“treesocieties”workB.howtreesgrowoldC.howforestryindustrydevelopsD.howyoungtreessurvive解析　代词指代题。根据最后一段前两句话：Dyingtreesmovenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedying，butwenevergivethemchance.垂死的“母亲树”在死亡前把营养传递给年轻树，但我们从未给它们机会，可以看出，it指的是“树的家族”固有的生存法则。答案　A★4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.OldTreesCommunicateLikeHumansB.YoungTreesAreInNeedOfProtectionC.TreesAreMoreAwesomeThanYouThinkD.TreesContributeToOurSociety解析　主旨大意题。本题可用排除法来做，A.\n老树像人类一样交流；B.小树需要保护；C.树远远超出你的想像；D.树有助于我们的社会。从以上题目来看，只有C符合本文大意。答案　CPassage14　(2022·江西)话题：公益组织词数：339Closeyoureyesforaminuteandimaginewhatlifewouldbelikeifyouhadahundreddollarsless.Alsoimaginewhatitwouldbelikespendingtherestofyourlifewithyoureyesclosed.Imaginehavingtoreadthispage，notwithyoureyesbutwithyourfinger－tips.Withexistingmedicalknowledgeandskills，two－thirdsoftheworld's42millionblindshouldnothavetosuffer.Unfortunately，richcountriespossessmostofthisknowledge，whiledevelopingcountriesdonot.ORBISisaninternationalnon－profitorganizationwhichoperatestheworld'sonlyflyingteachingeyehospital.ORBISintendstohelpfightblindnessworldwide.InsideaDC－8aircraft，thereisafully－equippedteachinghospitalwithtelevisionstudioandclassroom.Doctorsaretaughtthelatesttechniquesofbringingsightbacktopeoplehere.ProjectORBISalsoaimsatpromotingpeacefulcooperation(合作)amongcountries.ORBIStriestohelpdevelopingcountriesbyprovidingtrainingduringthree－weekmedicalprograms.ORBIShastaughtsight－savingtechniquestoover35，000doctorsandnurses，whocontinuetocuretensofthousandsofblindpeopleeveryyear.ORBIShasconducted17planeprogramsinChinasofar.FortheseventotenmillionblindinChinaORBISisplanningtodomoreforthem.AtthemomentanORBISteamisworkingonalong－termplantodevelopatrainingcenterandtoprovideeyecareservicestoShanxiProvince.ORBISneedsyourhelptocontinuetheirworkandfreepeoplefromblindness.ForjustUS$38，youcanhelponepersonsee；for$380youcanbringsightto10people；$1，300helpsteachadoctornewskills；andfor$13，000youcanprovideatrainingprogramforagroupofdoctorswhocanmakethousandsofblindpeopleseeagain.Yourmoneycanopentheireyestotheworld.PleasehelpORBISimprovethe\nqualityoflifeforsomanypeoplelessfortunatethanourselves.【语篇导读】　这是一篇说明文，向读者介绍了ORBIS(奥比斯)——一个致力于为世界各国盲人和眼疾患者恢复光明的国际性慈善机构。1.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto.A.introduceanewwayofreadingB.advisethepublictoleadasimplelifeC.directthepublic'sattentiontotheblindD.encouragethepublictouseimagination解析　推理判断题。作者在第一段让读者闭上眼睛想象三件事：生活会是什么样子？如何度过余生？不用眼睛仅用指尖阅读书页。这会使读者体会到盲人生活的艰难。由此可知其目的是为了引起公众对盲人的关注。答案　C2.Whatdowelearnaboutexistingmedicalknowledgeandskillsintheworld?A.Theyareadequate.B.Theyhavenotbeenupdated.C.Theyarenotequallydistributed.D.Theyhavebenefitedmostoftheblind.解析　细节理解题。由短文第二段的开头两句可知答案。答案　C3.ORBISaimstohelptheblindby.A.teachingmedicalstudentsB.trainingdoctorsandnursesC.runningflyinghospitalsgloballyD.settingupnon－profitorganizations解析　细节理解题。根据短文第二段最后两句话，尤其第三段第三句“ORBIShastaughtsight－savingtechniquestoover35，000doctorsandnurses...”可知B为最佳答案。答案　B4.Whatdoestheauthortrytodointhelastparagragh?A.Appealfordonations.\nB.Makeanadvertisement.C.Promotetrainingprograms.D.Showsympathyfortheblind.解析　推理判断题。作者列举的一连串的数据表明：任何数目的捐款都会有助于提高盲人的生活质量。显然他是在呼吁更多的人为ORBIS募捐。答案　A★5.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ORBISinChinaB.FightingBlindnessC.ORBISFlyingHospitalD.Sight－savingTechniques解析　主旨大意题。通篇文章都是围绕ORBIS这一国际慈善机构在世界各地的开展情况进行说明的，故排除B、D两项。A项以偏概全，故C项为最佳答案。答案　CPassage15　(2022·四川)话题：九岁女孩创造的奇迹词数：310Aschoolgirlsavedherfather'slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic(过敏的)reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.Izzy，nine，restartedfatherColm'sheartbystamping(踩)onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing.Izzy'smother，Debbie，immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather，sodecidedtouseCPR.However，shequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren'tstrongenough，soshestampedonherfather'schestinstead.Debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions(按压)untiltheambulancearrived.Izzy，whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool，said：“Ijustkickedhimreallyhard.MymumtaughtmeCPRbutIknewIwasn'tstrongenoughtousehands.Iwasquitescared.ThedoctorsaidImightaswellbeadoctororanurse.Mymumsaid\nthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest.”“She'salittlestar，”saidDebbie，“IwasreallyupsetbutIzzyjusttookover.Ijustcan'tbelievewhatshedid.Ireallythinkallchildrenshouldbetaughtfirstaid.IzzydidCPRthenthedoctorturnedup.Colmhadtohavemoretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwe'vegottoseeanexpert.”TruckdriverColm，35，sufferedamysteryallergicreactiononSaturdayandwastakentohospital，butwassenthomeonlyforittohappenagainthenextday.Thesecondattackwassoseriousthathisairwayswelled，preventinghimfrombreathing，hisbloodpressuredroppedsuddenly，andhisheartstoppedforamoment.Hehasnowmadeafullrecoveryfromhissuffering.【语篇导读】　这是一则新闻报道。35岁的卡车司机Colm因突发严重过敏反应而导致心脏骤停。跟妈妈学过心肺复苏术的九岁女孩Izzy竟挽救了父亲的生命。1.Izzykickedherfatherinthechest.A.toexpressherhelplessnessB.topractiseCPRonhimC.tokeephimawakeD.torestarthisheart解析　细节理解题。根据第二段首句的“...restartedfatherColm'sheartbystampingonhischest...”可知答案。答案　D2.What'stherightorderoftheevents?①IzzykickedColm②Debbiecalled999③IzzylearnedCPR④Colm'sheartstopped.A.③①②④B.④②③①C.③④②①D.④③①②解析　细节理解题。根据生活常识可知，妈妈不可能在Colm出现危险后再教给女儿心肺复苏术，所以③应排在④的前面。由第3段可知②在①之前发生。由此可知答案。\n答案　C3.WhatdoesParagraph8mainlytalkabout?A.WhatColmsuffered.B.Colm'spresentcondition.C.WhatcausedColm'sallergy.D.SymptomsofColm'sallergicreaction.解析　主旨大意题。通读全段可知，本段并没有描述过敏反应的症状和原因，只是说明Colm罹患此病而两次被送进医院的事。因此答案为A。注意B项为最后一段的大意。答案　A★4.Whydoestheauthorwritethenews?A.Todescribeaseriousaccident.B.ToprovetheimportanceofCPR.C.Toreporta9－year－oldgirl'sbraveact.D.Tocallpeople'sattentiontoallergicreaction.解析　写作意图题。开头一段是这则新闻的导语。导语即是新闻的主旨大意，而这段文字的中心人物正是小女孩Izzy。因此答案为C。答案　CPassage16　(2022·陕西)话题：美国人为什么肥胖词数：307WhydoAmericansstrugglewithwatchingtheirweight，whiletheFrench，whoconsumerichfood，continuetostaythin？NowaresearchbyCornellUniversitysuggestshowlifestyleanddecisionsabouteatingmayaffectweight.ResearchersconcludethattheFrenchtendtostopeatingwhentheyfeelfull.However，AmericanstendtostopwhentheirplateisemptyortheirfavoriteTVshowisover.AccordingtoDr.JosephMercola，ahealthexpert，theFrenchseeeatingasanimportantpartoftheirlifestyle.Theyenjoyfoodandthereforespendafairlylongtimeatthetable，whileAmericansseeeatingassomethingtobesqueezedbetweentheotherdailyactivities.MercolabelievesAmericanslosetheabilitytosensewhentheyareactuallyfull.SotheykeepeatinglongaftertheFrenchwouldhave\nstopped.Inaddition，hepointsoutthatAmericansdrivetohugesupermarketstobuycannedandfrozenfoodsfortheweek.TheFrench，instead，tendtoshopdaily，walkingtosmallshopsandfarmers'marketswheretheyhaveachoiceoffreshfruits，vegetables，andeggsaswellashigh－qualitymeatsforeachmeal.AfteravisittotheUnitedStates，MireilleGuiliano，authorofFrenchWomenDon'tGetFat，decidedtowriteabouttheimportanceofknowingwhentostopratherthansuggestinghowtoavoidfood.Todayshecontinuestostayslimandrarelygoestothegym.Inspiteofallthesedifferences，evidenceshowsthatrecentlifestylechangesmaybeaffectingFrencheatinghabits.Todaytherateofobesity－orextremeoverweight－amongadultsisonly6%.However，asAmericanfastfoodgainsacceptanceandtheyoungrejectoldertraditions，theobesityrateamongFrenchchildrenhasreached17%－andisgrowing.【语篇导读】　经研究发现生活方式和饮食习惯影响人的体重。法国人当感觉饱时就会停止吃饭，而美国人直到盘子空了才会停止，且喜欢罐装食品和快餐，因此美国人的肥胖率远高于法国人。1.InwhatwayaretheFrenchdifferentfromAmericansaccordingtoDr.JosephMercola?A.Theygoshoppingatsupermarketsmorefrequently.B.Theysqueezeeatingbetweentheotherdailyactivities.C.Theyregardeatingasakeypartoftheirlifestyles.D.Theyusuallyeattoomuchcannedandfrozenfood.解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句话可知答案为C。答案　C2.Thistextismainlyabouttherelationshipbetween.A.AmericansandtheFrenchB.lifestyleandobesityC.childrenandadultsD.fastfoodandoverweight解析　判断推理题。根据文章最后一段可知答案为B。\n答案　B★3.Thetextismainlydeveloped.A.bycontrastB.byspaceC.byprocessD.byclassification解析　写作手法题。文章把法国人和美国人的生活理念和饮食习惯在第二段作了对比，最后一段在肥胖率方面作了对比，故答案为A。答案　A4.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.ATVinterview.B.Afoodadvertisement.C.Ahealthreport.D.Abookreview.解析　考查文章出处。文章旨在说明饮食习惯影响人的体重，习惯不当易引起肥胖，与健康有关，故选C。答案　CPassage17　(2022·辽宁)话题：绿色之路词数：258Goinggreenseemstobeafad(时尚)foralotofpeoplethesedays.Whetherthatisgoodorbad，wecan'treallysay，butforthetwoofus，goinggreenisnotafadbutalifestyle.OnApril22，2022，wedecidedtogogreeneverysingledayforanentireyear.Thismeantdoing365differentgreenthings，anditalsomeantchallengingourselvestogogreenbeyondtheeasythings.Ratherthanrecycleandreduceourenergy，wehadtothinkof365differentgreenthingstodoandthiswasnoeasytask.Withtheideaofgoinggreeneverysingledayforayear，OurGreenYearstarted.MywifeandIdecidedtoeducatepeopleabouthowtheycouldgogreenintheirlivesandhopedwecouldshowpeopleallthegreenthingsthatcouldbedonetohelptheenvironment.Wewantedtopushthemessagethateverylittlebithelps.OverthecourseofOurGreenYear，wecompletelychangedourlifestyle.Wenowshopatorganic(有机的)stores.Weconsumelessmeat，choosinggreenfood.Wehave\ngreatlyreducedourbuyingwedon'tneed.Wehavegivenawayhalfofwhatweownedthroughwebsites.Ourhomeiskeptcleanbyvinegarandlemonjuice，withnochemicalcleaners.Wemakeourownbutter，enjoyingthesmellofhome－madefreshbread.Inourhomeofficeanyonecaughtdoingsomethingungreenmightbepunished.OurmindshavebeenchangedbyOurGreenYear.Wearegratefulforthechancetohavebeenabletogogreenandeducateothers.Webelievethatwedohavethepowertochangethingsandhelpourplanet.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了作者夫妇走一年绿色之路的体会和好处。★1.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.GoingGreenB.ProtectingthePlanetC.KeepingOpen－MindedD.CelebratingOurGreenYear解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了作者走一年绿色之路的体会和好处。A选项最适合做文章的标题，故答案选A。答案　A2.Itwasdifficultforthecoupletoliveagreenlifeforthewholeyearbecause.A.theywereexpectedtofollowthegreenfadB.theydidn'tknowhowtoeducateotherpeopleC.theywereunwillingtoreducetheirenergyD.theyneededtoperformunusualgreentasks解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Thismeantdoing365differentgreenthings，anditalsomeantchallengingourselvestogogreenbeyondtheeasythings.”可知，走一年绿色之路是艰辛的，因为这意味着要做365件不同的绿色事情，这也意味着我们要超越简单的事情挑战自我。故答案选D。答案　D3.WhatdidthecoupledooverthecourseofOurGreenYear?A.Theytriedtogetoutoftheirungreenhabits.\nB.Theyignoreothers'ungreenbehavior.C.Theychosebetterchemicalcleaners.D.Theysoldtheirhome－madefood.解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“OverthecourseofOurGreenYear，wecompletelychangedourlifestyles.”及该段最后一句“Inourhomeofficeanyonecaughtdoingsomethingungreenmightbepunished.”可知，在走绿色之路这一年中，我们完全改变了自己的生活方式，抛弃对环境有害的习惯。故答案选A。答案　A4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Thegovernmentwillgivesupporttothegreenpeople.B.Thecouplemaycontinuetheirprojectinthefuture.C.Somepeopledisagreewiththecouple'sgreenideas.D.OurGreenYearisbecominganationalcampaign.解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Webelievethatwedohavethepowertochangethingsandhelpourplanet.”可知，我们相信我们具有改变事情和改善我们这个星球的能力，表明了他们要继续走绿色之路的决心。故答案选B。答案　BPassage18　(2022·安徽)话题：水资源与人类活动词数：251Usingtoomuchwaterorthrowingrubbishintoourriversareclearwaysthathumanscanputourwatersupplyindanger，butwealsoaffectourwatersupplyinlessobviousways.Youmaywonderhowpaving(铺砌)aroadcanleadtolessuseablefreshwater.Amajorpartofthewaterweuseeverydayisgroundwater.Groundwaterdoesnotcomefromlakesorrivers.Itcomesfromunderground.Themoreroadsandparkinglotswepave，thelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater.Humanactivityisnotresponsibleforallwatershortages(短缺).Drierclimatesareofcoursemorelikelytohavedroughts(干旱)thanareaswithmorerainfall，butinanycase，goodmanagementcanhelptomakesurethereisenoughwatertomeet\nourbasicneeds.Thinkingaboutthewayweusewatereverydaycanmakeabigdifference，too.IntheUnitedStates，afamilyoffourcanuse1.5tonsofwateraday!Thisshowshowmuchwedependonwatertolive，butthere'salotwecandotolowerthenumber.Youcantakestepstosavewaterinyourhome.Tostartwith，usethesameglassforyourdrinkingwaterallday.Washitonlyonceaday.Runyourdishwasher(洗碗机)onlywhenitisfull.Helpyourparentsfixanyleaksinyourhome.Youcanevenhelptokeepourwatersupplycleanbyrecyclingbatteriesinsteadofthrowingthemaway.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了人类活动对淡水供应产生的影响，以及我们应该如何应对水资源短缺的问题。1.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytoleadtolessgroundwater?A.Usingriverwater.B.Throwingbatteriesaway.C.Pavingparkinglots.D.Throwingrubbishintolakes.解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段倒数第二、三句“Groundwaterdoesnotcomefromlakesorrivers.Itcomesfromunderground.”可知，我们的地下水不是来自河水和湖水，故排除A、D两项；根据最后一段最后一句“Youcanevenhelptokeepourwatersupplycleanbyrecyclingbatteriesinsteadofthrowingthemaway.”可推知，扔掉废旧的电池会使我们的水变得不干净，与题意不符，故排除B项。答案C符合文意。答案　C2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Allwatershortagesareduetohumanbehavior.B.Ittakesalotofefforttomeetourwaterneeds.C.Thereismuchwecandotoreducefamilysize.D.TheaveragefamilyinAmericamakesproperuseofwater.解析　推理判断题。本题可用排除法。根据文章第二段第一句“Humanactivityisnotresponsibleforallwatershortages(短缺).”可排除A项；根据文章第三段第二、三句“IntheUnitedStates，afamilyoffourcanuse1.5tonsofwateraday!This\nshowshowmuchwedependonwatertolive，butthere'salotwecandotolowerthenumber.”并结合最后一段讲如何节约用水可推知，美国普通家庭用水过度，故排除D项；根据文章第三段第三句“Thisshowshowmuchwedependonwatertolive，butthere'salotwecandotolowerthenumber.”可知，人们需要降低的是用水量，而不是家庭的规模，故排除C项。由此可知，答案B符合文意。答案　B3.Thelastparagraphisintendedto.A.showushowtofixleaksathomeB.tellushowtorunadishwasherC.provewhatdrinkingglassisbestforusD.suggestwhatwedotosavewaterathome解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句“Youcantakestepstosavewaterinyourhome.”可知，本段主要讲的是如何在日常生活中节约用水，故答案D符合文意。答案　D★4.Thetextismainlyabout.A.whypavingroadsreducesourwaterB.howmuchwedependonwatertoliveC.whydroughtsoccurmoreindryclimatesD.howhumanactivityaffectsourwatersupply解析　主旨大意题。根据对文章的整体理解可知，文章主要讲述了人类活动对淡水供应的影响，包括扔垃圾、用水过度，还有铺路等。同时强调我们通过在日常生活中的节水举动，是可以对淡水的供应产生重大影响的，由此可推知，答案D符合文意。其他各项都是对文章的部分描述，而不是文章的主旨，故可排除。答案　DPassage19　(2022·湖南)话题：代替塑料的环保品词数：276Harvardresearchershavecreatedatough，low－cost，biodegradable(可生物降解的)materialinspiredbyinsects'hardoutershells.Thematerial'sinventorssayithasanumberofpossibleusesandsomedaycouldprovideamoreenvironmentally\nfriendlyalternativetoplastic.Thematerial，madefromshrimp(虾)shellsandproteinsproducedfromsilk，iscalled“shrilk”.Itisthin，clear，flexibleandstrong.Amajorbenefitofthematerialisitsbiodegradability.Plastic'stoughnessandflexibilityrepresentedarevolutioninmaterialsscienceduringthe1950sand60s.Decadeslater，however，plastic'sverydurability(耐用性)israisingquestionsabouthowappropriateitisforone－timeproductssuchasplasticbags，orshort－livedconsumergoods，usedinthehomeforafewyearsandthencastintoalandfillwheretheywilldegradeforcenturies.Whatisthepointofmakingsomethingthatlasts1，000years?Shrilknotonlywilldegradeinalandfill,butitsbasiccomponentsareusedasfertilizer(肥料),andsowillenrichthesoil.Shrilkhasgreatpotential，theinventorssaid.Materialsfromwhichitismadeareplentifulinnature，foundineverythingrangingfromshrimpshells，insectbodiestolivingplants.Thatmakesshrilklowcost，anditsmassproductionpossibleshoulditbeusedforproductsdemandingalotofmaterial.Workonshrilkiscontinuinginthelab.Theinventorssaidthematerialbecomesflexiblewhenwet，sothey'reexploringwaystouseitinwetenvironments.They'realsodevelopingsimplerproductionprocesses，whichcouldbeusedfornon－medicalproducts，likeforcomputercasesandotherproductsinsidethehome.They'reevenexploringcombiningitwithothermaterialslikecarbonfibers，togiveitnewproperties.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种在将来某一天可能会替代塑料的环保材料。这种材料的原材料在大自然中很容易获得，且具有耐用、成本低、可生物降解等优点。1.Paragraph1ofthepassageismainlyaboutshrilk's.A.remarkabledesignB.interestingnameC.majorfeaturesD.basicelements解析　推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了哈佛大学研究者最新发明的一种耐用、成本低、可生物降解的材料，介绍了这种材料的主要特征。故C项正确。\n答案　C2.Whathasbecomeaconcernaboutplastic?A.Usingitproperly.B.Producingitcheaply.C.Developingitspropertiesquickly.D.Evaluatingitscontributionsfairly.解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“Decadeslater，however，plastic'sverydurabilityisraisingquestionsabouthowappropriateitisforone－timeproducts...”可推知，如何合理利用这种材料成了焦点问题。故A项正确。答案　A3.Accordingtotheinventors，shrilkhasgreatpotentialpartlybecause.A.itcanhelpplasticdegradeB.itcanbefoundinlivingthingsC.itsmassproductionhasbeenrealizedD.itsrawmaterialsareabundantinnature解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句“Shrilkhasgreatpotential，theinvestorssaid.Materialsfromwhichitismadeareplentifulinnature，foundineverythingrangingfromshrimpshells，insectbodiestolivingplants.”可知，制作这种材料的原材料在大自然中是非常充足的。故D项正确。答案　D4.Whataretheinventorsdoinginthelab?A.Replacingcarbonfiberswithshrilk.B.Testingshrilk'suseinwetconditions.C.Makingshrilkoutofusedhouseholdgoods.D.Improvingshrilk'sflexibilityformedicalpurposes.解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一、二句“Workonshrilkiscontinuinginthelab.Theinventorssaidthematerialbecomesflexiblewhenwet，sothey'reexploringwaystouseitinwetenvironments.”可知，这种材料在潮湿环境中会变得柔韧有弹性，所以研究者正在探索在潮湿环境中使用这种材料的方法。故B项正确。答案　B\n★5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.RecentProgressinEnvironmentProtection.B.BenefitsofInsectsinScientificResearch.C.TheHarmofOne－timeProducts.D.ApossibleAlternativePlastic.解析　主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一种在将来可能替代塑料的环保材料。这种材料的原材料在大自然中很充足，且具有耐用、成本低、可生物降解等优点。D项做标题最恰当。答案　DPassage20　(2022·山东)话题：由意念控制的轮椅词数：264Sincethe1970s，scientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.Brain－computerinterface(BCI)technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines.Recently，tworesearchers，JoseMilanandMicheleTavellafromtheFederalPolytechnicSchoolinLausanne，Switzerland，demonstrated(展示)asmallroboticwheelchairdirectedbyaperson'sthoughts.Inthelaboratory，Tavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftorrighthand.Hecouldeventalkashewatchedthevehicleandguideditwithhisthoughts.“Ourbrainhasbillionsofnervecells.Thesesendsignalsthroughthespinalcord(脊髓)tothemusclestogiveustheabilitytomove.Butspinalcordinjuriesorotherconditionscanpreventtheseweakelectricalsignalsfromreachingthemuscles，”Tavellasays.“Oursystemallowsdisabledpeopletocommunicatewithexternalworldandalsotocontroldevices.”Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp(头皮)andsendsthemtoacomputer.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalsandcommandsthemotorizedwheelchair.Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath.Theyhelpthecomputerreacttocommandsfromthebrain.\nProf.Milan，theteamleader，saysscientistskeepimprovingthecomputersoftwarethatinterpretsbrainsignalsandturnsthemintosimplecommands.“ThepracticalpossibilitiesthatBCItechnologyofferstodisabledpeoplecanbegroupedintwocategories:communication，andcontrollingdevices.Oneexampleisthiswheelchair.”Hesayshisteamhassettwogoals.Oneistestingwithrealpatients，soastoprovethatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom.Andtheotheristoguaranteethattheycanusethetechnologyoverlongperiodsoftime.【语篇导读】　本文主要介绍由人的意念控制的轮椅的制作过程及其工作原理。1.BCIisatechnologythatcan.A.helptoupdatecomputersystemsB.linkthehumanbrainwithcomputersC.helpthedisabledtorecoverD.controlaperson'sthoughts解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“...scientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.Brain－computerinterface(BCI)technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines.”可知，应选B项。答案　B2.HowdidTavellaoperatethewheelchairinthelaboratory?A.Bycontrollinghismuscles.B.Bytalkingtothemachine.C.Bymovinghishand.D.Byusinghismind.解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Tavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftorrighthand.Hecouldeventalkashewatchedthevehicleandguideditwithhisthoughts.”可知，应选D项。答案　D3.WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofthesignalsdescribedinParagraph5?A.scalp→computer→cap→wheelchairB.computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair\nC.scalp→cap→computer→wheelchairD.cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair解析　细节理解题。根据第五段开头三句话“Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser...andcommandsthemotorizedwheelchair.”可知，应选C项。答案　C4.Theteamwilltestwithrealpatientsto.A.makeprofitsfromthemB.provethetechnologyusefultothemC.makethemlivelongerD.learnabouttheirphysicalcondition解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句话“Oneistestingwithrealpatients，soastoprovethatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom”可知，应选B项。答案　B★5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Switzerland，theBCIResearchCenterB.NewFindingsAboutHowtheHumanBrainWorksC.BCICouldMeanMoreFreedomfortheDisabledD.RoboticVehiclesCouldHelptoCureBrainInjuries解析　标题归纳题。全文主要介绍BCI是如何帮助残疾人的。故选C项。答案　C考点二　细节理解题Passage1　(2022·新课标全国Ⅰ)话题：艺术展词数：221SalvadorDali(1904－1989)wasoneofthemostpopularofmodernartists.ThePompidouCentreinParisisshowingitsrespectandadmirationfortheartistandhispowerfulpersonalitywithanexhibitionbringingtogetherover200paintings，sculptures，drawingsandmore.Amongtheworksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces，mostimportantlyThePersistenceofMemory.ThereisalsoL'EnigmesansFinfrom1938，worksonpaper，objects，and\nprojectsforstageandscreenandselectedpartsfromtelevisionprogrammesreflectingtheartist'sshowmanqualities.ThevisitorwillentertheWorldofDalithroughaneggandismetwiththebeginning，theworldofbirth.Theexhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubjectwiththevisitorexitingthroughthebrain.TheexhibitionshowshowDalidrawstheviewerbetweentwoinfinities(无限).“Fromtheinfinitysmalltotheinfinitylarge，contractionandexpansioncominginandoutoffocus：amazingFlemishaccuracyandtheshowyBaroqueofoldpaintingthatheusedinhismuseum－theatreinFigueras，”explainsthePompidouCentre.Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作)withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid，Spain，andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg，Florida.【语篇导读】　这篇短文主要介绍了现代著名艺术家Dali的作品风格及theworldofDali中的展品情况。1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDaliaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Optimistic.B.Productive.C.Generous.D.Traditional.解析　推理判断题。短文首段介绍了艺术家Dali的作品。由“...withanexhibitionbringtogetherover200paintings，sculptures，drawingsandmore.”一句可知，Dali的作品众多，是一个多产画家。故答案为B。答案　B2.WhatisDali'sThePersistenceofMemoryconsideredtobe?A.Oneofhismasterworks.B.Asuccessfulscreenadaptation.C.Anartisticcreationforthestage.D.OneofthebestTVprogrammes.解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“...thevisitorswillfindthebestpieces，mostimportantlythePersistenceofMemory”可知，该作品在Dali的最佳作品中是最重要的，由此可以推断它是Dali的杰作之一。答案　A\n★3.HowaretheexhibitsarrangedattheWorldofDali?A.Bypopularity.B.Byimportance.C.Bysizeandshape.D.Bytimeandsubject.解析　事实细节题。根据第二段末句中的“...followsapathoftimeandsubject.”可知，Dali的作品是按时间和主题进行布展的。答案选D。答案　D4.Whatdoestheword“contributions”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.解析　词义猜测题。由最后一段可知，展出的作品主要来源于两个途径：一是与马德里的一家艺术馆密切合作；一是靠像SalvadorDaliMuseum这样的机构的捐赠。联系全文大意及前一分句不难推测其它机构捐赠的是艺术作品。因此答案为A。答案　APassage2　(2022·新课标全国Ⅱ)话题：倒霉的彩电词数：272Mycolortelevisionhasgivenmenothingbutaheadache.IwasabletobuyitalittleoverayearagobecauseIhadmyrelativesgivememoneyformybirthdayinsteadofalotofclothesthatwouldn'tfit.Iletasalesclerkfoolmeintobuyingadiscontinuedmodel.Irealizedthisadaylater，whenIsawnewspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseventy－fivedollarslessthanIhadpaid.ThesetworkedsobeautifullywhenIfirstgotithomethatIwouldkeepitonuntilstationssignedoffforthenight.Fortunately，Ididn'tgotanychannelsshowingall－nightmoviesorIwouldneverhavegottentobed.ThenIstarteddevelopingaproblemwiththesetthatinvolvedstatic(静电)noise.Forsomereason，whencertainshowsswitchedintoacommercial，aloudnoisewouldsoundforafewseconds.Gradually，thisnoisebegantoappearduringashow，andtogetridofit，Ihadtochangetoanotherchannelandthenchangeitback.Sometimesthistechniquewouldnotwork，andIhadtopickupthesetandshakeittoremovethesound.Iactuallybegantobuildupmyarmmuscles(肌肉)shaking\nmyset.Whenneitherofthesemethodsremovedthestaticnoise，Iwouldsithelplesslyandwaitforthenoisetogoaway.AtlastIendeduphittingthesetwithmyfist，anditstoppedworkingaltogether.Mytriptotherepairshopcostme$62，andthesetisworkingwellnow，butIkeepexpectingmoretrouble.【语篇导读】　这是一篇记叙文。作者用幽默诙谐的笔调向我们讲述了他购买的一台电视机所带来的一系列烦恼的故事。1.WhydidtheauthorsayhewasfooledintobuyingtheTVset?A.Hegotanoldermodelthanhehadexpected.B.Hecouldn'treturnitwhenitwasbroken.C.Hecouldhaveboughtitatalowerprice.D.Hefailedtofindanymovieshowsonit.解析　推理判断题。根据“...newspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseventy－fivedollarslessthanIhadpaid.”可知，作者是在一天后看到自己所购买的电视机降了75美元才感觉自己上当受骗了。由此可知他本可以以更低的价格购买这台电视机的。因此C项正确。答案　C2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethephrase“signedoff”inParagraph1?A.endedalltheirprogramsB.providedfewerchannelsC.changedtocommercialsD.showedall－nightmovies解析　词义猜测题。由下一句的内容可知，我没有彻夜播放电影的频道，不然就无法睡觉了。据此可以推断作者一直看到一天的节目结束为止。故A项为正确答案。答案　A★3.HowdidtheauthorfinallygethisTVsetworkingagain?A.Byshakingandhittingit.B.Byturningitonandoff.C.Byswitchingchannels.\nD.Byhavingitrepaired.解析　事实细节题。由短文最后“Mytriptotherepairshopcostme$62.”一句可知，作者把电视机送到维修店请人修理。答案　D4.Howdoestheauthorsoundwhentellingthestory?A.Curious.B.Anxious.C.Cautious.D.Humorous.解析　推理判断题。纵览全文，尤其是第二段末句“Iactuallybegantobuildupmyarmmuscles，shakingmyset.”(通过摇晃电视机，我手臂的肌肉增强了不少)，字里行间流露出作者幽默调侃的语气。因此答案为D。答案　DPassage3　(2022·新课标全国Ⅱ)话题：高学费与责任感词数：261Morestudentsthaneverbeforearetakingagap－year(间隔年)beforegoingtouniversity.Itusedtobecalledthe“yearoff”betweenschoolanduniversity.Thegap－yearphenomenonoriginated(起源)withthemonthsleftovertoOxbridgeapplicantsbetweenentranceexamsinNovemberandthestartofthenextacademicyear.Thisyear，25，310studentswhohaveacceptedplacesinhighereducationinstitutionshaveputofftheirentryuntilnextyear，accordingtostatisticsonuniversityentranceprovidedbytheUniversityandCollegeAdmissionsService(UCAS).Thatisarecord14.7%increaseinthenumberofstudentstakingagapyear.TonyHigginsfromUCASsaidthatthestatisticsaregoodnewsforeveryoneinhighereducation.“Studentswhotakeawell－plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobesatisfiedwith，andcomplete，theirchosencourse.Studentswhotakeagapyearareoftenmorematureandresponsible，”hesaid.Butnoteveryoneishappy.OwainJames，thepresidentoftheNationalUnionofStudents(NUS)，arguedthattheincreaseisevidenceofstudenthardship－young\npeoplearebeingforcedintoearningmoneybeforefinishingtheireducation.“Newstudentsarenowawarethattheyarelikelytoleaveuniversityupto￡15，000indebt.Itisnotsurprisingthatmoreandmorestudentsaretakingagapyeartoearnmoneytosupporttheirstudyforthedegree.NUSstatisticsshowthatover40%ofstudentsareforcedtoworkduringtermtimeandthefigureincreasesto90%duringvacationperiods，”hesaid.【语篇导读】　这是一篇议论文。越来越多的学生在上大学期前都会度过一个间隔年。然而人们对于这一现象所持的看法却大相径庭。有的人十分推崇，而有的人却极力反对。★1.Whatdowelearnaboutthegapyearfromthetext?A.Itisflexibleinlength.B.Itisatimeforrelaxation.C.Itisincreasinglypopular.D.Itisrequiredbyuniversities.解析　事实细节题。由短文首句及第三段“Thatisarecord14.7%increaseinthenumberofstudentstakingagapyear.”一句可知，这种现象日渐流行。因此答案为C。答案　C2.AccordingtoTonyHiggins，studentstakingagapyear.A.arebetterpreparedforcollegestudiesB.knowalotmoreabouttheirfuturejobsC.aremorelikelytoleaveuniversityindebtD.haveabetterchancetoentertopuniversities解析　推理判断题。根据第三段TonyHiggins的话可知，度过这个间隔年的学生会变得更加成熟和富有责任感，从而更有可能完成他们所选的课程。故A项正确。答案　A3.HowdoesOwainJamesfeelaboutthegap－yearphenomenon?A.He'spuzzled.B.He'sworried.C.He'ssurprised.D.He'sannoyed.解析　推理判断题。由第四段首句及接下来引用OwainJames的话可知，他对这一现象并不感到快乐，而是对学生的学业感到担忧。答案　B\n4.WhatwouldmoststudentsdoontheirvacationaccordingtoNUSstatistics?A.Attendadditionalcourses.B.Makeplansforthenewterm.C.Earnmoneyfortheireducation.D.Preparefortheirgraduatestudies.解析　推理判断题。由短文最后一句可知，假期里多达90%的学生被迫去工作。结合前文“...youngpeoplearebeingforcedintoearningmoney.”可知答案非C莫属。答案　CPassage4　(2022·安徽)话题：食物与文化词数：298Foodservesasaformofcommunicationintwofundamentalways.Sharingbreadorotherfoodsisacommonhumantraditionthatcanpromoteunityandtrust.Foodcanalsohaveaspecificmeaning,andplayasignificantroleinafamilyorculture'scelebrationsortraditions.Thefoodsweeat—andwhenandhowweeatthem—areoftenuniquetoaparticularcultureormayevendifferbetweenrural(农村的)andurbanareaswithinonecountry.Sharingbread,whetherduringaspecialoccasion(时刻)oratthefamilydinnertable,isacommonsymboloftogetherness.Manyculturesalsocelebratebirthdaysandmarriageswithcakesthatarecutandsharedamongtheguests.Earlyformsofcakeweresimplyakindofbread,sothistraditionhitsitsrootsinthecustomofsharingbread.FoodalsoplaysanimportantroleinmanyNewYearcelebrations.InthesouthernUnitedStates,piecesofcornbreadrepresentblocksofgoldforprosperity(兴旺)intheNewYear.InGreece,peopleshareaspecialcakecalledvasilopita.Acoinisputintothecake,whichsignifies(预示)successintheNewYearforthepersonwhoreceivesit.Manycultureshaveceremoniestocelebratethebirthofachild,andfoodcanplayasignificantrole.InChina,whenababyisonemonthold,familiesnameandwelcometheirchildinacelebrationthatincludesgivingred－coloredeggstoguests.\nInmanycultures,roundfoodssuchasgrapes,bread,andmooncakesareeatenatwelcomecelebrationstorepresentfamilyunity.Nutritionisnecessaryforlife,soitisnotsurprisingthatfoodissuchanimportantpartofdifferentculturesaroundtheworld.【语篇导读】　该篇介绍了食品作为一种交流的两个基本方面，来说明它是世界各地不同文化的一个重要组成部分。★1.Accordingtothepassage,sharingbread.A.indicatesalackoffoodB.canhelptodevelopunityC.isacustomuniquetoruralareasD.hasitsrootsinbirthdaycelebrations解析　考查细节理解。由第一段...canpromoteunityandtrust可知。答案　B★2.WhatdoesthecoininvasilopitasignifyforitsreceiverintheNewYear?A.Trust.B.Success.C.Health.D.Togetherness.解析　考查细节理解。由第三段signifies(预示)...successintheNewYear可知。答案　B3.Theauthorexplainstheroleoffoodincelebrationsby.A.usingexamplesB.makingcomparisonsC.analyzingcausesD.describingprocesses解析　考查推理判断。由第三段可知。答案　A4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thecustomofsharingfood.B.Thespecificmeaningoffood.C.Theroleoffoodinceremonies.D.Theimportanceoffoodinculture.解析　考查主旨大意。由最后一段可知。答案　D\nPassage5　(2022·湖北)话题：小马驹词数：384“Iseeyou'vegotabitofwateronyourcoat，”saidthemanatthepetrolstation.“Isitrainingoutthere？”“No，it'sprettynice，”Ireplied，checkingmysleeve.“Oh，right.Apony(马驹)bitmeearlier.”Asithappened，thebitewasvirtuallypainless:morethekindofsmallbiteyoumightgetfromanaughtychild.TheponyresponsiblewasqueuingupforsomeicecreaminthecarparknearHaytor，andperhapsthoughtI'djumpedinaheadofhim.ThereasonwhytheponiesherearenaughtyisthatHaytorisatourist－heavyareaandtouristsareconstantlyfeedingtheponiesfoods，despitesignsaskingthemnotto.Byfeedingtheponies，touristsincreasetheriskofthemgettinghitbyacar，andmakethemhardertogatherduringthearea'sannualponydrift(迁移).Thepurposeofaponydriftistogatherthemupsotheirhealthcanbechecked，thebabyonescanbestoopedfromfeedingontheirmother'smilk，andthosewho'vegonebeyondtheirlimitedareacanbereturnedtotheircorrectarea.Someofthemarealsolatersold，inordertolimitthenumberofponiesaccordingtotherulessetbyNaturalEngland.Threeweeksago，Iwitnessedasmallnear－disasterafewmileswestofhere.Whilewalking，Inoticedaponyrolloveronhisback.“Hello！”Isaidtohim，assuminghewasjustrollingforfun，buthewasverystilland，asIgotcloser，Isawhimkickinghislegsintheairandbreathingheavily.Ibegantoproperlyworryabouthim.Fortunately，ImanagedtogetintouchwithaDartmoor'sLivestockProtectionofficerandsendheraphoto.Theofficerimmediatelysentalocalfarmerouttocheckonthepony.Theponyhadactuallybeentrappedbetweentworocks.Thefarmerfreedhim，andhebegantorunhappilyaroundagain.Dartmoorhas1，000orsoponies，whoplayacriticalroleincreatingthediversityofspeciesinthisarea.Manypeopleareworkinghardtopreservetheseponies，andtryingtocomeupwithplanstofindasustainable(可持续的)futurefor\noneofDartmoor'smostfinancially－troubledelements.【语篇导读】　在Haytor附近的自然保护区Dartmoor内有一千头小马驹，这里的小马驹很调皮。游客们喂养小马驹给它们增加了一些不安全隐患，也使得小马驹的一年一度的迁移变得困难。自然保护区的官员们正在想方设法找到一个解决困扰保护区持续发展的最大问题——财政问题。★1.Whyaretouristsaskednottofeedtheponies?A.Toprotectthetouristsfrombeingbitten.B.Tokeeptheponiesoffthepetrolstation.C.Toavoidputtingtheponiesindanger.D.Topreventtheponiesfromfighting.解析　细节理解题。由第三段Byfeedingtheponies，touristsincreasetheriskofthemgettinghitbyacar，andmakethemhardertogatherduringthearea'sannualponydrift(迁移).可知，通过喂小马驹，使它们增加被汽车撞到的危险，并且使它们每年的迁移都变得更困难。因此选C。答案　C★2.Oneofthepurposesoftheannualponydriftis.A.tofeedbabyponiesonmilkB.tocontrolthenumberofponiesC.toexpandthehabitatforponiesD.toselltheponiesatagoodprice解析　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句，Someofthemarealsolatersold，inordertolimitthenumberofponiesaccordingtotherulessetbyNaturalEngland.可知其中一个原因是控制小马驹的数量。答案　B3.Whatwastheauthor'sfirstreactionwhenhesawaponyrollonitsback?A.Hefreeditfromthetrap.B.Hecalledaprotectionofficer.C.Heworriedaboutitverymuch.D.Hethoughtofitasbeingnaughty.解析　推理判断题。由第五段assuminghewasjustrollingforfun，\n认为小马驹打滚玩耍。答案　D4.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthepreservationofDartmoor'sponies?A.Itlackspeople'sinvolvement.B.Itcostsalargeamountofmoney.C.ItwillaffecttourisminDartmoor.D.Ithascausedanimbalanceofspecies.解析　判断推理题。由第六段(最后一段)最后一句，mostfinancially－troubledelements可知财政问题是困扰保护小马驹的最棘手的难题。答案　BPassage6　(2022·四川)话题：母亲节词数：335AcrossBritain，burnttoastwillbeservedtomothersinbedthismorningasoldersonsanddaughtersrushtodelivertheirsupermarketbunchesofflowers，But，accordingtoanewstudy，weshouldbeplacingahighervalueonmotherhoodallyear.Mothershavelongknownthattheirhomeworkloadwasjustasheavyaspaidwork.Now，thenewstudyhasshownthatiftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours，theywouldearnasmuchas$172，000ayear.Thestudylookedattherangeofjobsmothersdo，aswellasthehourstheyareworking，todeterminethefigure.Thiswouldmaketheiryearlyincome$30，000morethanthePrimeMinisterearns.Byanalysingthenumbers，itfoundtheaveragemotherworks119hoursaweek，40ofwhichwouldusuallybepaidatastandardrateand79hoursasovertime.Afterquestioning1，000motherswithchildrenunder18，itfoundthat，onmostdays，mumsstartedtheirroutineworkat7amandfinishedataround11pm.Tocalculatejusthowmuchmotherswouldearnfromthatlabour，itsuggestedsomeoftherolesthatmumscouldtakeon，includinghousekeeper，part－time\nlawyer，personaltrainerandentertainer.Beingapart－timelawyer，at$48.98anhour，wouldprovetobethemostprofitableofthe“mumjobs”，withpsychologist(心理学家)aclosesecond.Italsoaskedmothersaboutthechallengestheyface，with80percentmakingemotional(情感的)demandasthehardestthingaboutmotherhood.Overathirdofmumsfelttheyneededmoretrainingandaroundhalfsaidtheymissedgoingoutwithfriends.ThestudyshowsmothersmatterallyearlongandnotjustonMother'sDay.Theemotional，physicalandmentalenergymothersdevotetotheirchildrencanbenever－ending，butchildrenarealsosourcesofgreatjoyandhappiness.Investing(投入)intimeforparentingandraisingrelationshipsismoneywellspent.【语篇导读】　这是一篇写在母亲节的文章，在母亲节这一天，每个人都会对母亲做一些事，比如送一束花等等，但是作者认为，母亲这一职业值得全年的关注，因为它包含太多。★1.HowmuchwouldamotherearnayearifworkingasthePrimeMinister?A.￡30，000.B.￡142，000.C.￡172，000.D.￡202，000.解析　细节理解题。根据文章的theywouldearnasmuchas$172，000ayear.以及Thiswouldmaketheiryearlyincome￡3，000morethanthePrimeMinisterearns.可知，总理的工资是172，000－3，000＝142，000。故选择B。答案　B★2.Thebiggestchallengeformostmothersisfrom.A.emotionaldemandB.lowpayforworkC.heavyworkloadD.lackoftraining解析　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段的Italsoaskedmothersaboutthechallengestheyface,with80percentmakingemotional(情感的)demandasthehardestthingaboutmotherhood.可知，选择A。答案　A★3.Whatisstressedinthelastparagraph?\nA.Mothers'importanceshowsinfamilyallyearlong.B.Thesacrificesmothersmakearehugebutworthwhile.C.Mothers'devotiontochildrencanhardlybecalculated.D.Investingtimeinparentingwouldbringafinancialreturn.解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段的Theemotional，physicalandmentalenergymothersdevotetotheirchildrencanbenever－ending,butchildrenarealsosourcesofgreatjoyandhappiness.可知，选择B，指母亲付出的牺牲是巨大的，但是又是值得的。答案　B4.Whatcanweconcludefromthestudy?A.Mothers'workinghoursshouldbelargelyreduced.B.Mothersshouldbalancetheirtimeforworkandrest.C.Mothers'labourisofahighervaluethanitisrealised.D.Mothersshouldbefreedfromhouseworkforsociallife.解析　推理判断题。根据文章第一段的But,accordingtoanewstudy,weshouldbeplacingahighervalueonmotherhoodallyear.可知，作者认为母亲的重要性应该得到更多的关注，故选择C。答案　CPassage7　(2022·天津)话题：大学宿舍规范词数：342UniversityRoomRegulationsApprovedandProhibitedItemsThefollowingitemsareapprovedforuseinresidential(住宿的)rooms:electricblankets,hairdryers,personalcomputers,radios,televisionsandDVDplayers.Itemsthatarenotallowedinstudentroomsinclude:candles,ceilingfans,fireworks,waterbeds,sunlampsandwirelessrouters.PleasenotethatanyprohibiteditemswillbetakenawaybytheOfficeofResidenceLife.AccesstoResidentialRoomsStudentsareprovidedwithacombination(组合密码)fortheirroomdoorlocksuponcheck－in.Donotshareyourroomdoorlockcombinationwithanyone.TheOffice\nofResidenceLifemaychangethedoorlockcombinationatanytimeattheexpenseoftheresidentifitisfoundthatthestudenthassharedthecombinationwithothers.Thefeeis$25tochangearoomcombination.CookingPolicyStudentslivinginbuildingsthathavekitchensareonlypermittedtocookinthekitchen.Studentsmustcleanupaftercooking.Thisisnottheresponsibilityofhousekeepingstaff.Kitchensthatarenotkeptcleanmaybeclosedforuse.Withtheexceptionofusingasmallmicrowaveoven(微波炉)toheatfood,studentsarenotpermittedtocookintheirrooms.PetPolicyNopetsexceptfisharepermittedinstudentrooms.Studentswhoarefoundwithpets,whethervisitingorownedbythestudent,aresubjecttoaninitialfineof$100andacontinuingfineof$50adayperpet.Studentsreceivewrittennoticewhenthefinegoesintoeffect.If,oneweekfromthedateofwrittennotice,thepetisnotremoved,thestudentisreferredtotheStudentCourt.QuietHoursResidentialbuildingsmustmaintainanatmospherethatsupportstheacademicmissionoftheUniversity.Minimumquiethoursinallcampusresidencesare11：00pmto8：00amSundaythroughThursday.QuiethoursonFridayandSaturdaynightsare1：00amto8：00am.Studentswhoviolatequiethoursaresubjecttoafineof$25.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇应用文，主要谈论的是学生宿舍管理的一些具体要求及违犯规定所受的惩罚等。★1.Whichofthefollowingitemsareallowedinstudentrooms?A.Ceilingfansandwaterbeds.B.Wirelessroutersandradios.C.Hairdryersandcandles.D.TVsandelectricblankets.解析　细节理解题。根据第一部分第一句话可知，电视和电热毯是允许学生在宿舍使用的。而不允许使用的有candles,ceilingfans,fireworks,waterbeds,sunlampsand\nwirelessrouters。答案　D★2.Whatifastudentisfoundtohavetoldhiscombinationtoothers?A.Thecombinationshouldbechanged.B.TheOfficeshouldbecharged.C.Heshouldreplacethedoorlock.D.Heshouldcheckoutoftheroom.解析　细节理解题。根据第二部分中的TheOfficeofResidenceLifemaychangethedoorlockcombination...ifitisfoundthatthestudenthassharedthecombinationwithothers.可知，如果一个学生被发现与他人共享组合密码，那么组合密码就会被更改。答案　A★3.Whatdoweknowaboutthecookingpolicy?A.Amicrowaveovencanbeused.B.Cookinginstudentroomsispermitted.C.Ahousekeeperistocleanupthekitchen.D.Studentsaretoclosekitchendoorsaftercooking.解析　细节理解题。根据第三部分最后一句话可知，除了可以使用微波炉热食物外，学生们不允许在房间里做饭。其他选项与本部分的内容不相符。答案　A★4.Ifastudenthaskeptacatinhisroomforaweeksincethewarning,hewillface.A.parentvisitsB.afineof$100C.theStudentCourtD.awrittennotice解析　细节判断题。根据第四部分最后一句话可知，如果得到警告后仍在房间养宠物一周，那他就会被交到学生法庭。答案　C★5.Whencanstudentsenjoyapartyinresidences?A.7：00am,Sunday.B.7：30am,Thursday.C.11：30pm,Monday.D.00：30am,Saturday.解析　细节判断题。根据最后一部分中的Minimumquiethours...are11：00pmto\n8：00amSundaythroughThursday.QuiethoursonFridayandSaturdaynightsare1：00amto8：00am.可知，只有D项属于安静时间之外，可以举办聚会。故答案为D。答案　DPassage8　(2022·福建)话题：美食节词数：362FoodfestivalsaroundtheworldStiltonCheeseRollingMayDayisatraditionaldayforcelebrations,butthe2，000EnglishvillagersofStiltonmustbetheonlypeopleintheworldwhoincludecheeserollingintheirannualplans.Teamsoffour，dressedinavarietyofstrangeandfunnyclothes,rollacompletecheesealonga50－metrecourse.Ontheway,theymustnotkickorthrowtheircheese,orgointotheircompetitors'lane(赛道).CompetitionisfierceandthechiefprizeisacompleteStiltoncheeseweighingaboutfourkilos(disappointingly,butunderstandablythecheesesusedintheracearewoodenones).Allthecompetitorsareservedwithbeerorportwine,thetraditionalaccompanimentforStiltoncheese.FieryFoodsFestival—TheHottestFestivalonEarthEveryyearmorethan10，000peopleheadforthecityofAlbuquerque,NewMexico.TheycomefromasfarawayasAustralia,theCaribbeanandChina,buttheyallshareacommonaddiction—foodthatisnotjustspicy(辛辣)，buthotenoughtomakeyourmouthburn,yourheadspinandyoureyeswater.TheirdestinationistheFieryFoodandBBQFestivalwhichisheldoveraperiodofthreedayseveryMarch.Youmightliketotryachocolate－coveredhabaneropepper—officiallythehottestpepperintheworld—oranyoneofthethousandsofproductsthatareonshow.Butonething'sforsure—ifyoudon'tlikethefeelingofaburningtongue,thisfestivalisn'tforyou!LaTomatina—TheWorld'sBiggestFoodFightOnthelastWednesdayofeveryAugust,theSpanishtownofBunolhostsLaTomatina—theworld'slargestfoodfight.Aweek－longcelebrationleadsuptoan\nexcitingtomatobattleasthehighlightoftheweek'sevents.Theearlymorningseesthearrivaloflargetruckswithtomatoes—officialfight－startersgetthingsgoingbycastingtomatoesatthecrowd.Thebattlelastslittlemorethanhalfanhour,inwhichtimearound50，000kilogramsoftomatoeshavebeenthrownatanyoneoranythingthatmoves,runs,orfightsback.Theneveryoneheadsdowntotherivertomakefriendsagain—andforamuch－neededwash!【语篇导读】　这是一篇说明文，介绍了世界各地有趣的“美食节”。★1.IntheStiltoncheeserollingcompetition,competitorsoneachteammust.A.wearvariousformalclothesB.rollawoodencheeseintheirownlaneC.kickorthrowtheircheeseD.usearealcheeseweighingaboutfourkilos解析　细节理解题。根据题干可知答案在第一段中寻找。根据倒数第二句中的括号内的内容，可知，斯蒂尔顿奶酪翻滚大赛上翻滚的是木制奶酪。答案　B★2.WhereistheFieryFoodandBBQFestivalheld?A.InNewMexico.B.IntheCaribbean.C.InAustralia.D.InChina.解析　细节理解题。根据题干可知答案需要在第二段中寻找，根据第二段第一句可知，激烈的食品烧烤节是在新墨西哥举行的。答案　A★3.ThecelebrationofLaTomatinalasts.A.threedaysB.sevendaysC.lessthanthreedaysD.morethansevendays解析　细节理解题。根据题干可知答案在第三段中寻找，第三段的第二句提到aweek－longcelebration可以看出选B。答案　B★4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?\nA.ThechiefprizefortheStiltoncheeserollingcompetitionisbeerorportwine.B.Morethan10，000ChinesetakepartintheFieryFoodandBBQFestival.C.ThousandsofspicyfoodsareonshowintheFieryFoodandBBQFestival.D.AnexcitingtomatobattletakesplaceatthebeginningofLaTomatina.解析　细节判断题。根据第二段的倒数第二句可知，anyoneofthethousandsoftheproductsthatareonshow.在食品烧烤节上，会有上千种食品展示。答案　CPassage9　(2022·四川)话题：做志愿者吧词数：187Doyouwanttogethomefromworkknowingyouhavemadearealdifferenceinsomeone'slife?Ifyes，don'tcareaboutsexorage！Comeandjoinus，thenyou'llmakeit!Position：VolunteerSocialCareAssistant(NoPaywithFreeMeals)Place：ManchesterHours：PartTimeWearenowlookingforvolunteerstosupportpeoplewithlearningdisabilitiestoliveactivelives！Only4daysleft.Don'tmissthechanceoflendingyourwarmhandstohelpothers!Role：Youwillprovidepeoplewithlearningdisabilitieswithallaspectsoftheirdailylives.Youwillhelpthemtodevelopnewskills.Youwillhelpthemtoprotecttheirrightsandtheirsafety.Butyourprimaryconcernistoletthemknowtheyarevalued.SkillsandExperienceRequired：Youwillhavetherightvaluesandgreatlisteningskills.Youwillbehonestandpatient.YouwillhavetheabilitytodriveacarandtocommunicateinfluentwrittenandspokenEnglishsinceyou'llhavetohelpthosepeoplewithdifferentlearningdisabilities.Previouscare－relatedexperiencewillbeagreatadvantageforyou.\n【语篇导读】　这是一篇实用文体，作者向社会发出倡议，呼吁更多的人利用业余时间报名参加志愿活动，帮助在学习上存在困难的人们。1.Thetextismeantto.A.leaveanoteB.sendaninvitationC.presentadocumentD.carryanadvertisement解析　推理判断题。既然是招募志愿者，而且还列出了“Position，Place，Hours，Role，SkillsandExperienceRequired”等条目，显然这篇文章的意旨是做广告宣传。答案　D2.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartmean?A.You'llmakeothers'livesmoremeaningfulwiththisjob.B.You'llarrivehomejustintimefromthisjob.C.You'llearnagoodsalaryfromthisjob.D.You'llsucceedingettingthisjob.解析　句意推断题。画线句子本是“成功”的意思。但联系前文“...knowingyouhavemadearealdifferenceinsomeone'slife.”可知答案非A莫属。答案　A★3.Thevolunteers'primaryresponsibilityistohelppeoplewithlearningdisabilities.A.togetsomefinancialsupportB.toproperlyprotectthemselvesC.tolearnsomenewlivingskillsD.torealizetheirownimportance解析　事实细节题。“Butyourprimaryconcernistoletthemknowtheyarevalued.”一句是解答本题的依据。答案　D★4.Whichofthefollowingcanfirstbechosenasavolunteer?A.Theonewhocandriveacar.B.Theonewhohasdonesimilarworkbefore.\nC.Theonewhohaspatiencetolistentoothers.D.TheonewhocanuseEnglishtocommunicate.解析　事实细节题。短文最后一句“Previouscare－relatedexperiencewillbeagreatadvantageforyou.”说明以往的相关经验是申请这一职位的最大优势，由此可以推断该条件是优先考虑的。A、C、D三项内容在文中均被提及，但由题干中first一词予以排除。答案　BPassage10　(2022·江苏)话题：机会成本词数：430Howeverwealthywemaybe，wecanneverfindenoughhoursinthedaytodoeverythingwewant.Economicsdealswiththisproblemthroughtheconceptofopportunitycost，whichsimplyreferstowhethersomeone'stimeormoneycouldbebetterspentonsomethingelse.Everyhourofourtimehasavalue.Foreveryhourweworkatonejobwecouldquiteeasilybedoinganother，orbesleepingorwatchingafilm.Eachoftheseoptionshasadifferentopportunitycost—namely，whattheycostusinmissedopportunities.Sayyouintendtowatchafootballmatchbuttheticketsareexpensiveanditwilltakeyouacoupleofhourstogettoandfromthestadium.Whynot，youmightreason，watchthegamefromhomeandusetheleftovermoneyandtimetohavedinnerwithfriends？This—thealternativeuseofyourcashandtime—istheopportunitycost.Foreconomists，everydecisionismadebyknowledgeofwhatonemustforgo—intermsofmoneyandenjoyment—inordertotakeitup.Byknowingpreciselywhatyouarereceivingandwhatyouaremissingouton，yououghttobeabletomakebetter－informed，morereasonabledecisions.Considerthatmostfamouseconomicruleofall：there'snosuchthingasafreelunch.Evenifsomeoneofferstotakeyououttolunchforfree，thetimeyouwillspendintherestaurantstillcostsyousomethingintermsofforgoneopportunities.Somepeoplefindtheideaofopportunitycostextremelydiscouraging：imagine\nspendingyourentirelifecalculatingwhetheryourtimewouldbebetterspentelsewheredoingsomethingmoreprofitableorenjoyable.Yet，inasenseit'shumannaturetodopreciselythat—weassesstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdecisionsallthetime.Inthebusinessworld，apopularphraseis“valueformoney.”Peoplewanttheircashtogoasfaraspossible.However，anotherisfastobtaininganadvantage：“valuefortime.”Thebiggestrestrictiononourresourcesisthenumberofhourswecandevotetosomething，sowelooktomaximizethereturnwegetonourinvestmentoftime.Byreadingthispassageyouaregivingoverabitofyourtimewhichcouldbespentdoingotheractivities，suchassleepingandeating.Inreturn，however，thispassagewillhelpyoutothinklikeaneconomist，closelyconsideringtheopportunitycostofeachofyourdecisions.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文，作者通过生动简洁的例子向读者论述了经济学家提出的“机会成本”的概念。★1.Accordingtothepassage，theconceptof“opportunitycost”isappliedto.A.makingmoremoneyB.takingmoreopportunitiesC.reducingmissedopportunitiesD.weighingthechoiceofopportunities解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一自然段第二句话对“机会成本”这一概念的论述可知“机会成本”是用来衡量机会选择的。故选D。答案　D★2.The“leftover...time”inParagraph3probablyreferstothetime.A.sparedforwatchingthematchathomeB.takentohavedinnerwithfriendsC.spentonthewaytoandfromthematchD.savedfromnotgoingtowatchthematch解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句话内容可知，一开始观看现场表演需金钱和路途上的时间，而后选择在家看比赛就可节省出来回途中的时间，故选C。答案　C\n3.Whatareforgoneopportunities?A.Opportunitiesyouforgetindecision－making.B.Opportunitiesyougiveupforbetterones.C.Opportunitiesyoumissaccidentally.D.Opportunitiesyoumakeupfor.解析　词义理解题。根据文章第四自然段可以看出做出每一决定都会放弃另一种机会forgoneopportunity的概念即指为了更好的选择而放弃掉的机会，故选B。答案　BPassage11　(2022·安徽)话题：大象与蜜蜂词数：334Recordingsofangrybeesareenoughtosendbig，toughAfricanelephantsrunningaway，anewstudysays.Beehives(蜂窝)—eitherrecordedorreal—mayevenpreventelephantsfromdamagingfarmers'crops.In2022，scientistLucyKingandherteamfoundthatelephantsavoidcertaintreeswithbeeslivinginthem.Today，LucywantstoseeifAfricanhoneybeesmightdiscourageelephantsfromeatingcrops.Butbeforesheaskedfarmerstogotothetroubleofsettingupbeehivesontheirfarms，sheneededtofindoutifthebeeswouldscareelephantsaway.LucyfoundawildbeehiveinsideatreeinnorthernKenyaandsetuparecorder.Thenshethrewastoneintothebeehive，whichburstintolife.Lucyandherassistanthidintheircaruntiltheangrybeeshadcalmeddown.Next，LucysearchedoutelephantfamiliesinSamburuNationalReserveinnorthernKenyaandputaspeakerinatreeclosetoeachfamily.Fromadistance，Lucyswitchedonthepre－recordedsoundofangrybeeswhileatthesametimerecordingtheelephantswithavideocamera.Halftheelephantgroupslefttheareawithintenseconds.Outofatotalof17groups，onlyonegroupignoredthesoundoftheangrybees.Lucyreportedthatalltheyoungelephantsimmediatelyrantotheirmotherstohideunderthem.WhenLucyplayedthesoundofawaterfall(瀑布)insteadoftheangrybeestomanyofthesameelephantfamilies，theanimals\nwereundisturbed.Evenafterfourminutes，mostofthegroupsstayedinoneplace.Lucyisnowstudyingwhethertheelephantswillcontinuetoavoidthesoundofangrybeesafterhearingitseveraltimes.Shehasn'ttestedenoughgroupsyettoknow，butherinitial(最初的)resultswerepromisingenoughtobegintrialswithfarmers.Shehasnowbegunplacingspeakersinthefieldstoseeifelephantsarefrightenedaway.【语篇导读】　本文讲述了科学家LucyKing和她的团队发现大象害怕蜜蜂，并且做实验来证实这个事情。★1.Weknowfromthepassagethatelephantsmaybefrightenedof.A.loudnoisesB.somecropsC.videocamerasD.angrybees解析　事实细节题。根据文章第一段“Recordingsofangrybeesare...farmers'crop”可知愤怒的蜜蜂为大象所害怕。故选D。答案　D★2.Asmentionedinthepassage，Lucy.A.worksbyherselfinAfricaB.needstotestmoreelephantgroupsC.hasstoppedelephantseatingcropsD.hasgotfarmerstosetupbeehivesontheirfarms解析　事实细节题。根据文章最后一段中“Lucyisnowstudying...shehasn'ttestedenoughgroupsyettoknow”可知Lucy需要对更多的象群进行实验，故选B。答案　B★3.WhydidLucythrowastoneintoawildbeehive?A.Torecordthesoundofbees.B.Tomakeavideoofelephants.C.Toseeifelephantswouldrunaway.D.Tofindoutmoreaboutthebehaviorofbees.解析　事实细节题。根据文章第三段中“Lucyfoundawildbeehive...andsetuparecorder”和第四段中“Lucyswitchedonthepre－recordedsound...avideocamera.”可知Lucy向野蜂窝扔石头是为了激怒蜜蜂以便录下它们的声音。故选A。\n答案　A★4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.YoungelephantsignoreAfricanhoneybees.B.Waterfallscanmakeelephantsstayinoneplace.C.Elephantsdonotgoneartreeswithbeeslivinginthem.D.FarmersdonotallowLucytoconducttestsintheirfields.解析　事实细节题。根据文章第二段“In2022，scientistLucyKingandherteam...livinginthem”一句，可知大象不敢靠近住有蜜蜂的树。故选C。答案　CPassage12　(2022·北京)话题：水族馆词数：340SeaLifeMelbourneAquarium(水族馆)Theall－newSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium，situatedintheheartofMelbourne'sCBD，isoneofVictoria'sleadingvisitorattractionsandanunforgettableoutingforthewholefamily.Having12amazingzonesofdiscovery，SeaLifeMelbourneAquariumistheveryplacethatyoucannotmisswhenyouvisitthecity.*OpeningTimesSeaLifeMelbourneAquariumisopenfrom9：30amuntil6：00pmeverydayoftheyear，includingpublicholidays.Lastadmissionisat5：00pm，onehourbeforeclosing.*Location(位置)SeaLifeMelbourneAquariumislocatedonthecornerofFlindersStreetandKingStreet，Melbourne.ItissituatedontheYarraRiver，oppositeCrownEntertainmentComplex.*GettingtoSeaLifeMelbourneAquariumTrainSeaLifeMelbourneAquariumisashortwalkfromeitherFlindersorSouthernCrosstrainstations.Tram(有轨电车)\nTheSeaLifeMelbourneAquariumtramstopislocatedonthefreeCityCircleTramroute(公交线路)andalsoroutes70and75.CityCircletramsrunevery10minutesinbothdirections.ShuttleBusTheMelbourneCityTouristShuttleisafreebusservice，stoppingatkeytouristattractionsinandaroundtheCity.Runningdaily，every15minutesfrom10：00amto4：00pm.*CarParkingWhilethereisnopubliccarparkingatSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium，thereareseveralpubliccarparkinglotsavailableonlyashortwalkaway.*WheelchairAccessSeaLifeMelbourneAquariumprovidespeopleinwheelchairswithfullaccesstoall12zones.Eachflooralsohaswheelchairaccessibletoilets.*TermsTicketswillbeemailedtoyouimmediatelyafterpurchaseoryoucandownloadandprintyourticketoncepaymenthasbeenaccepted.PleaseprintoutallticketspurchasedandpresentatthefrontentranceofSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium.Noticket，noentry!【语篇导读】　本文是一篇介绍类应用文，介绍了SeaLifeMelbourneAquarium(水族馆)的开放时间、位置、到达的交通方式、停车场服务、轮椅服务以及条款(主要是门票事宜)等信息。此类文章可以根据题干信息，采用逆读法做题。★1.SeaLifeMelbourneAquarium.A.islocatedatthecenteroftheCBDinthecityB.has12mostattractiveplacesinMelbourneC.admitsvisitorsfrom9：30amuntil6：00pmD.isbesideCrownEntertainmentComplex解析　细节理解题，由文章第一句话situatedintheheartofMelbourne'sCBD可知，它与选项A：islocatedatthecenteroftheCBDinthecity是同义句，situatedin＝locatedin位于。答案　A\n★2.GettingtoSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium，visitorscantake.A.trainsfromSouthernCrosstrainstationB.shuttlebusesaroundthetrainstationC.boatsacrosstheYarraRiverD.eithertramroute70or75解析　细节理解题。根据题干信息和选项，答案必然在GettingtoSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium这段，根据这一段中的Train分段所表达的信息，从SouthernCrosstrainstations到水族馆，只需要走walk一小段路即可，因此A不对；B项说的shuttlebuses不是在火车站周围，而是inandaroundthecity；C项未提到；D项定位到Tram段落，水族馆就位于Tram公交线路上，且后面明确说到乘坐路线70，75均可，所以选D。答案　D★3.SeaLifeMelbourneAquariumoffersvisitors.A.freecarparkingB.wheelchairaccessC.InternetconnectionD.transportationservice解析　细节理解题。根据选项关键词，定位到CarParking，WheelchairAccess和GettingtoSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium段落。A项未涉及停车场免费与否，不选；B选项段落中明确表达了...providespeopleinwheelchairswithfullaccessto12zones，即提供轮椅通道；C网络未提到；D交通服务，根据前面的GettingtoSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium段落中可知，需要乘客自行选择，而不是水族馆提供的。答案　B★4.TicketstoSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium.A.arefreetoallvisitorsB.canbepurchasedbyemailC.arecheckedattheentranceD.canbeprintedattheticketoffice解析　细节理解题。根据题干Tickets定位到最后一段Terms段落，根据presentticketsatthefrontentrance以及noticket，noentry可以确定选择C。答案　CPassage13　(2022·新课标全国Ⅰ)话题：MarkTurin挽救濒临消失的语言\n词数：332AsmoreandmorepeoplespeakthegloballanguagesofEnglish，Chinese，Spanish，andArabic，otherlanguagesarerapidlydisappearing.Infact，halfofthe6，000～7，000languagesspokenaroundtheworldtodaywilllikelydieoutbythenextcentury，accordingtotheUnitedNationsEducational，Scientific，andCulturalOrganization(UNESCO).Inanefforttopreventlanguageloss，scholarsfromanumberoforganizations—UNESCOandNationalGeographicamongthem—haveformanyyearsbeendocumentingdyinglanguagesandtheculturestheyreflect.MarkTurin，ascientistattheMacmillanCenter，YaleUniversity，whospecializesinthelanguagesandoraltraditionsoftheHimalayas，isfollowinginthattradition.Hisrecentlypublishedbook，AGrammarofThangmiwithanEthnolinguisticIntroductiontotheSpeakersandTheirCulture，growsoutofhisexperienceliving，workingandraisingafamilyinavillageinNepal.DocumentingtheThangmilanguageandcultureisjustastartingpointforTurin，whoseekstoincludeotherlanguagesandoraltraditionsacrosstheHimalayanreachesofIndia，Nepal，Bhutan，andChina.Butheisnotcontenttosimplyrecordthesevoicesbeforetheydisappearwithoutrecord.AttheUniversityofCambridgeTurindiscoveredawealthofimportantmaterials—includingphotographs，films，taperecordings，andfieldnotes—whichhadremainedunstudiedandwerebadlyinneedofcareandprotection.Now，throughthetwoorganizationsthathehasfounded—theDigitalHimalayaProjectandtheWorldOralLiteratureProject—Turinhasstartedacampaigntomakesuchdocuments，foundinlibrariesandstoresaroundtheworld，availablenotjusttoscholarsbuttotheyoungergenerationsofcommunitiesfromwhomthematerialswereoriginallycollected.ThankstodigitaltechnologyandthewidelyavailableInternet，Turinnotes，theendangeredlanguagescanbesavedandreconnectedwithspeechcommunities.【语篇导读】　本文叙述了学者们正在努力记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言。\n★1.Manyscholarsaremakingeffortsto.A.promotegloballanguagesB.rescuedisappearinglanguagesC.searchforlanguagecommunitiesD.setuplanguageresearchorganizations解析　事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“Inanefforttoprevent...theyreflect.”可知学者们正在努力挽救濒临消失的语言。答案　B2.Whatdoes“thattradition”inParagraph3referto?A.Havingfullrecordsofthelanguages.B.Writingbooksonlanguageteaching.C.Tellingstoriesaboutlanguageusers.D.Livingwiththenativespeakers.解析　词义猜测题。根据文章第四段中“Butheisnotcontent...withoutrecord.”可知“thattradition”是指Turin记录语言。故选A。答案　A★3.WhatisTurin'sbookbasedon?A.TheculturalstudiesinIndia.B.ThedocumentsavailableatYale.C.HislanguageresearchinBhutan.D.HispersonalexperienceinNepal.解析　事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“...growsoutofhisexperienceliving，lookingandraisingafamilyinavillageinNepal.”可知Turin的书以其在尼泊尔的个人经历为基础。故选D。答案　D4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTurin'swork?A.Write，sellanddonate.B.Record，repairandreward.C.Collect，protectandreconnect.D.Design，experimentandreport.\n解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Generationsofcommunitiesfromwhom...collected”和“Turinnotestheendangeredlanguages...speechcommunities.”可知，Turin的工作是“收集，保护和使再接合”，故选C。答案　CPassage14　(2022·北京)话题：做正确的决定词数：426ChoosingtheRightResolution(决定)MillionsofAmericansbegan2022withthesameresolutiontheystarted2022with，agoaloflosingweight.However，settingweightlossasagoalisamistake.Toreachourgoaloflosingweight—theoutput，weneedtocontrolwhatweeat—theinput(输入).Thatis，wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstructgoals.Thealternativeistofocusyourresolutionontheinput.Insteadofresolvingtoloseweight，tryanactionableresolution：“I'llstophavingdessertforlunch，”or“I'llwalkeverydayfor20minutes.”Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawell－specifiedinputwilllikelybemoreeffectivethanconcentratingontheoutcome.Recentlyanewsciencebehindincentives(激励)，includingineducation，hasbeendiscussed.Forexample，researcherRolandFryerwantedtoseewhatworksbestinmotivatingchildrentodobetterinschool.Insomecases，hegavestudentsincentivesbasedoninput，likereadingcertainbooks，whileinothers，theincentiveswerebasedonoutput，likeresultsonexams.Hismainfindingwasthatincentivesincreasedachievementwhenbasedoninputbuthadnoeffectwhenbasedonoutput.Fryer'sconclusionwasthattheincentivesforinputsmightbemoreeffectivebecausestudentsdonotknowhowtodobetteronanexam，asidefromgeneralruleslike“studyharder.”Readingcertainbooks，ontheotherhand，isawell－settaskoverwhichtheyhavemuchmorecontrol.Aslongasyouhavedirectcontroloveryourgoal，youhaveamuchhigherchanceofsuccess.Andit'seasiertostartagainifyoufail，becauseyouknowexactlywhatyouneedtodo.\nIfyouwanttocutdownonyourspending，agoodgoalwouldbemakingmorningcoffeeathomeinsteadofgoingtoacafé，forexample.Thisisawell－specifiedaction－basedgoalforwhichyoucanmeasureyoursuccesseasily.Spendinglessmoneyisn'tagoalbecauseit'stoogeneral.Similarly，ifyouwanttospendmoretimewithyourfamily，don'tstopwiththisgeneralwish.Thinkaboutanactionablehabitthatyoucouldadoptandstickto，likeafamilymovienighteveryWednesday.Inthelongrun，thesenewgoalscouldbecomeahabit.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文，文章主要向大家说明在选择做出正确决定的时候，我们应该关注的是问题的产生以及事件的过程，而不是结果。比如在减肥中，我们应该关注饮食和运动，在教育过程中，应该鼓励孩子多读书，关注学习过程，而不是考试结果。通过这两个例子来论证了做出正确决定的重要性，也就是说，要达到一个目标，必须使你的目标具体，具有可操控性。★1.Thewriterthinksthatsettingweightlossasagoalisamistakebecause.A.itishardtoachieveformostAmericansB.itisfocusedtoomuchontheresultC.itisdependentontoomanythingsD.itisbasedonactionabledecisions解析　细节理解题。根据第一段Settingweightlossasagoalisamistake.和第二段的Toreachourgoaloflosingweight—theoutput，weneedtocontrolwhatweeat—theinput(输入).Thatis，wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstructgoals.这句即可找出答案。整篇文章都在阐述我们在做决定或寻求问题的解决方案的时候，我们不能从结果的角度入手，而应该从问题的过程或起因入手，对于减肥这个问题，我们应该关注的是我们的饮食以及运动情况，而不是关注我们要减重多少，这种只关注结果的行为是没有效果的。答案　B★2.InRolandFryer'sresearch，somestudentsdidbetterthantheothersbecause.A.theyobeyedallthegeneralrulesB.theypaidmoreattentiontoexamsC.theyweremotivatedbytheirclassmates\nD.theywererewardedforreadingsomebooks解析　细节理解题。答案在第三段中，列举了这种关注过程和起因的行为分别在教育中的体现，在RolandFryer的案例中，孩子们会因为过程中的努力，如读了某些书而受到奖励，而这些孩子所获得的成就要比那些关注结果，即考试考得好会得到奖励的孩子们的收获或成就多。具体信息源在：Hismainfindingwasthatincentivesincreasedachievementwhenbasedoninputbuthadnoeffectwhenbasedonoutput.一句中。答案　D★3.Accordingtothewriter，whichofthefollowingstatementsisagoodgoal?A.“I'llgiveupdessert.”B.“I'llstudyharder.”C.“I'llcutdownmyexpenses.”D.“I'llspendmoretimewithmyfamily.”解析　细节理解题。只有A选项是将目标放在了事物的进程中，是一个具体的目标，也是一个好目标，而其他选项都只关注了结果。答案　A★4.Thewriterstronglybelievesthatweshould.A.developgoodhabitsandfocusontheoutcomeB.beoptimisticaboutfinalgoalsandsticktothemC.pickspecificactionsthatcanbeturnedintogoodhabitsD.setambitiousgoalsthatcanbalancetheinputandoutput解析　细节理解题。A，B，D都只关注了finalgoal以及outcome，根据倒数第二段可知，C建议我们坚持细节行为：即一个特殊的目标awell－specifiedaction－basedgoal，形成好的习惯。答案　CPassage15　(2022·天津)话题：大学指南词数：340AGuidetotheUniversityFoodTheTWUCafeteriaisopen7amto8pm.Itservessnacks(小吃)，drinks，icecream\nbarsandmeals.YoucanpaywithcashoryourIDcards.YoucanaddmealmoneytoyourIDcardsattheFrontDesk.Evenifyoudonotbuyyourfoodinthecafeteria，youcanusethetablestoeatyourlunch，tohavemeetingsandtostudy.Ifyouareoncampusintheeveningorlateatnight，youcanbuysnacks，fastfood，anddrinksintheLowerCafélocatedinthebottomleveloftheDouglasCentre.Thisareaisoftenusedforentertainmentsuchasconcerts，gamesorTVwatching.RelaxationTheGlobe，locatedinthebottomlevelofMcMillanHall，isavailableforrelaxing，studying，cooking，andeating.Monthlyactivitiesareheldhereforallinternationalstudents.Hoursare10amto10pm，closedonSundays.HealthLocatedonthetopfloorofDouglasHall，theWellnessCentreiscommittedtophysical，emotionalandsocialhealth.Adoctorandnurseisavailableifyouhavehealthquestionsorneedimmediatemedicalhelporpersonaladvice.Thecostofthisisincludedinyourmedicalinsurance.HoursareMondaytoFriday，9amtonoonand1：00to4：30pm.AcademicSupportAllstudentshaveaccesstotheWritingCentreontheupperfloorofDouglasHall.Here，qualifiedvolunteerswillworkwithyouonwrittenwork，grammar，vocabulary，andotheracademicskills.Youcansignupforanappointmentonthesign－upsheetoutsidethedoor：two30－minuteappointmentsperweekmaximum.Thisserviceisfree.TransportationTheTWUExpressisashuttle(班车)service.Theshuttletransportsstudentsbetweencampusandtheshoppingcentre，leavingfromtheMattsonCentre.Operationhoursarebetween9amand3pm，Saturdaysonly.Roundtripfareis$1.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇应用说明文，主要是对某大学的应用指南，文章从饮食、休闲、健康、学习、交通几个方面对该大学的服务场所、设施、开放时间、注意事项等方面进行阐述和说明，以供读者获得所需信息。\n★1.WhatcanyoudointheTWUCafeteria?A.DohomeworkandwatchTV.B.Buydrinksandenjoyconcerts.C.havemealsandmeetwithfriends.D.AddmoneytoyourIDandplaychess.解析　本题考查细节理解。根据第一部分“Food”中第二句“Itservessnacks，drinks，icecreambarsandmeals.”和第一自然段最后一句“youcanusethetablestoeatyourlunch，tohavemeetingsandtostudy.”可知道答案。答案　C★2.Whereandwhencanyoucookyourownfood?A.TheGlobe，Friday.B.TheLowerCafé，Sunday.C.TheTWUCafeteria，Friday.D.TheMcMillanHall，Sunday.解析　本题考查细节理解。根据第二部分“Relaxation”可知答案。答案　A★3.TheGuidetellsusthattheWellnessCentre.A.isopensixdaysaweekB.offersservicesfreeofchargeC.trainsstudentsinmedicalcareD.givesadviceonmentalhealth解析　本题考查细节理解。根据第三部分“Health”第一句话：“...theWellnessCentreiscommittedtophysical，emotionalandsocialhealth.”可知答案。答案　D★4.HowcanyouseekhelpfromtheWritingCentre?A.Byapplyingonline.B.Bycallingthecentre.C.Byfillinginasign－upform.D.Bygoingtothecentredirectly.解析　本题考查细节理解。根据第四部分“AcademicSupport”中第三句话“Youcansign\nupforanappointmentonthesign－upsheetoutsidethedoor...”可知答案。答案　C5.WhatisthefunctionofTWUExpress?A.Tocarrystudentstothelecturehalls.B.ToprovidestudentswithcampustoursC.TotakestudentstotheMattsonCentre.D.Totransportstudentstoandfromthestores.解析　本题考查细节推断。根据第五部分“Transportation”第二句话“Theshuttletransportsstudentsbetweencampusandtheshoppingcentre，...”可知答案。答案　DPassage16　(2022·江西)话题：度假村活动词数：411HOLIDAYFUNATTHEPOWERHOUSE500HARRISSTREETULTIMO·TELEPHONE(02)92170111JoinintheholidayfunatthePowerhousethismonthlinkedtoournewexhibition，Evolution&Revolution：Chinesedress1700stonow.DON'TFORGETourotherspecialevent，theClubMedCircusSchoolwhichispartoftheCircus(马戏团)！150yearsofcircusinAustraliaexhibitionexperience!◆ChineseFolkDancing：ColorfulChinesedanceandmusicalperformancesbyTheChineseFolkDancingSchoolofSydney.Dancesinclude：theGoldenstickdanceandtheChinesedrumdance.AfeaturewillbetheQinDynastyEmperor'scourtdance.AlsoincludedisashowoffacepaintingforBeijingOperaperformances.Sunday29JuneandWednesday2JulyintheTurbineHall，at11.30am&1.30pm.◆AustralianChineseChildren'sArtsTheatre：Well－knownchildren'splayexpertsfromShanghaileadthisdy－namicyouthgroup.PerformancesincludeChinesefairytalesandplays.Thursday3toSunday6JulyintheTurbineHall，at11.30am&1.30pm.◆ChineseYouthLeague:Atraditionalperformingartsgroupfeaturing\nperformancehighlightssuchastheRedscarfandSpringflowerdances，andamusicianplayingErHu.Sunday6toTuesday8JulyintheTurbineHall，11.30amto1.30pm.◆KidsActivity：MakeaPaperHorse:Youngchildrenmakeapaperhorsecut－out.(ThehorseisafrequentthemeinChinesepainting，indicatingakindofadvancement.)Suitableforages8－12years.Saturday28JunetoTuesday8JulyintheTurbineHall，12.00pmto1.00pm.◆ClubMedCircusSchool:Learncircusskills，includingthetrapeze，trampoliningandmagic.Noteonlyforchildrenover5.Thereare40placesavailableineach1hoursessionandthesemustbebookedatthefrontdesk，level4，ontheday.Tuesday1toSaturday5Julyat11.30am&1.00pm.EnjoyunlimitedfreevisitsandmanyotherbenefitsbybecomingaFamilymemberofthePowerhouse.Ourfamilymembershipscovertwoadultsandallchildrenundertheageof16yearsattheoneaddress.MembersreceivePowerline，ourmonthlymagazine，discountsintheshopsandtherestaurants，aswellasfreeadmissiontotheMuseum.Allthisforaslittleas$50，00ayear！Call(02)92170600formoredetails.【语篇导读】　这是一篇实用文体。介绍了度假村thePowerhouse本月举办各类活动的时间、特色及有关事宜。★1.WhencanyouwatchtheChinesedrumdance?A.OnJuly2.B.OnJuly3.C.OnJuly6.D.OnJuly8.解析　细节理解题。根据题干中的“dance”一词可在ChineseFolkDancing一段中找到“Sunday29JuneandWednesday2July”这一信息。答案　A★2.Tolearnthemagictricks，youcangoto.A.KidsActivityB.ChineseYouthLeague\nC.ClubMedCircusSchoolD.Children'sArtsTheatre解析　细节理解题。由题干中的关键词“magictricks”在文章倒数第二段找到呼应词magic，该段落对应的即是ClubMedCircusSchool。答案　C★3.WhatisrequiredifyouwanttoenjoyfreevisitstotheMuseum?A.Calling(02)92170600.B.Gainingfamilymembership.C.Comingfortheholidayfun.D.PayingPowerline$50.00ayear.解析　细节理解题。本题答案源于末段首句。答案　B4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Toattractvisitors.B.Topresentschedules.C.Toreporttheperformances.D.ToteachkidsChinesearts.解析　推理判断题。根据文首“DON'TFORGETourotherspecialevent...”和最后一段“MembersreceivePowerline，ourmonthlymagazine，discountsintheshopsandrestaurants，aswellasfreeadmissiontothemuseum.”可以推断此文的目的是为了吸引更多的游客到度假村来。答案　APassage17　(2022·广东)话题：洋流研究词数：341Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents(洋流).Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhigh－techequipment.However，oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.Ascientistwithmanyyears'experience，hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashinguponthe\nshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswapmeetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.Ebbesmeyerfoundoutinhisresearchesthattheshoes—about60，000intotal—fellintotheoceaninashippingaccident.Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.Asexpected，thecompanytoldhimthattheydidn't.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment.Ifhelearnedwhenandwheretheshoeswentintothewaterandtrackedwheretheylanded，hecouldlearnalotaboutthepatternsofoceancurrents.ThePacificNorthwestisoneoftheworld'sbestareasforbeachcombing(海滩搜寻)becausewindsandcurrentsjoinhere，andasaresult，thereisagroupofseriousbeachcombersinthearea.Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded.Inayearhecollectedreliableinformationon1，600shoes.Withthisdata，heandacolleaguewereabletotestandimproveacomputerprogramdesignedtomodeloceancurrents，andpublishthefindingsoftheirstudy.Astheresultofhiswork，Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean.Hehasevenstartedanassociationofbeachcombersandoceanexperts，with500subscribersfromWestAfricatoNewZealand.Theyhaverecordedalllostobjectsrangingfrompotatoestogolfgloves.【语篇导读】　本文是说明文，介绍了一种研究洋流的特别方式。1.TheunderlinedphraseswapmeetsinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto.A.fittingroomsB.tradingfairsC.businesstalksD.groupmeetings解析　词义猜测题。由前面的somanyshoes和后面的totryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear，特别是sell，可知是建立交易市场，故选B。答案　B★2.Ebbesmeyerphonedtheshoecompanytofindout.\nA.whatcausedtheshippingaccidentB.whenandwheretheshoeswentmissingC.whetheritwasallrighttousetheirshoesD.howmuchtheylostintheshippingaccident解析　事实细节题。由第二段二、三、四句“Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.Asexpected，thecompanytoldhimthattheydidn't.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment”可知，选C。答案　C★3.HowdidEbbesmeyerprovehisassumption?A.Bycollectinginformationfrombeachcombers.B.Bystudyingtheshoesfoundbybeachcombers.C.Bysearchingthewebforoceancurrentsmodels.D.Byresearchingoceancurrentsdatainthelibrary.解析　事实细节题。由第三段第二句Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthem(seriousbeachcombers)andaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded及其后几句可知，选A，“通过海滩清理者收集信息”。答案　A★4.Ebbesmeyerismostfamousfor.A.travelingwidelythecoastalcitiesoftheworldB.makingrecordsforanylostobjectsontheseaC.runningaglobalcurrentsresearchassociationD.phoningaboutanydoubtfulobjectsonthesea解析　事实细节题。由第四段第一句Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean可知，选D。答案　D5.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A.Tocallpeople'sattentiontooceanpollution.B.Towarnpeopleofshippingsafetyintheocean.C.Toexplainauniquewayofstudyingoceancurrents.\nD.Togivetipsonhowtosearchforlostobjectsonthebeach.解析　主旨大意题。文章主题句在第一段，即However，oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage，由此可知选C。答案　CPassage18　(2022·湖北)话题：宽容的力量词数：397BeforeIhadmyson，Ispenttwoyearsworkingwithchildrenwithdisabilities.Ilearnedthatshoutingandthreatsofpunishmentwouldresultinadisaster.Comingupagainsttheirbehaviourcouldonlymakethejobharderandtheirbehaviourmoreextreme.Ifoundsomethingthatworked，though.Therewasaverynaughtyboyinthenurseryandateacherwhowasgenerallyveryconfidentwiththechildrenwasaskedtotakechargeofhim.Onedaytheboyjoinedasessionintheroomnexttomine.Hisappearancecreatedanatmosphereoftension.Hespenttheentiresessionrunningaround，hittingandkicking，anddestroyingproperty.Iwasinthecraftroomworkingwithsomeotherchildrenwhenmyco－workertoldmethatthisboy'steacherwasintears，andcouldnotgetcontrolofthesituation.Asweweretalking，theboyranin.Itoldmyco－workerthatIwouldtakecareofhim.Iclosedthedoor.Hewasfullofenergy，throwingthingsaroundandmakingahugemess.ButIcouldseethathewasdoingallthesetoannoyme.Heneededconnection，andthiswastheonlywayheknewhowtoaskforit.SoIsatbackdownandkeptquiet.Thenhesloweddownandbeganmakingarocket.Italkedtohimaboutit.WecontinuedlikethisforafewminutesbeforeIslippedintotheconversation：“Sowhathappenedtoday？”Itwaspurelyaquestion，noblameorangerinmytone.IbelievethatifIhadcriticizedhim，thegatethatwasslowlyopeningwouldhaveshutfirmlyclosed.Hetoldmethattheteacherdidn'tlethimdowhatheknewwellduetosafetybutaskedhimtodowhathedisliked.Healsoadmittedthathehadenjoyedmakingherrunaround\nandsawitasagame.Iexplainedthathisteacherhadnotseenitasagameandwasveryupset.Thisagainwasstatedsimplyasafact.Isuggestedthatnexttimehehadasession，hetalkaboutwhathehopedtodoatthestart，whichmightbeeasierforeveryone.Heagreedandwasquietforamoment.Thenhelookedatmewithtearsinhiseyesbeforequietlyaskingifhecouldgotofindhisteachertoapologize.【语篇导读】　作者通过和一个小男孩相处的故事，告诉我们，大声地批评和恐吓调皮的孩子只能使事情变得更糟糕，给予孩子更多的时间和宽容可以使事情变得好起来。★1.Theboymadetroubleforhisteacherbecausehe.A.wasaccusedofdestroyingpropertyB.wastoldnottoyellatotherchildrenC.wasmadetodothingsagainsthiswillD.wasblamedforcreatinganairoftension解析　细节理解题。根据文中最后一段“Hetoldmethattheteacherdidn'tlethimdowhatheknewwellduetosafetybutaskedhimtodowhathedisliked.”可知，老师让他做他不喜欢的事情。答案　C★2.Whydidn'ttheauthordoanythingabouttheboy'sbadbehavioratfirst?A.Shedidn'twanttomakeitworse.B.Shedidn'tmindthehugemessatall.C.Shewastiredofshoutingandthreats.D.Shehadn'tthoughtofacopingstrategy.解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第2至3行ButIcouldseethathewasdoingallthesetoannoyme.Heneededconnection，andthiswastheonlywayheknewhowtoaskforit.SoIsatbackdownandkeptquiet.可知作者一开始不去纠正这个男孩的不良行为是因为这是孩子特有的表达方式，作者要做的不是批评、要求孩子，而是耐心地等孩子平静下来。同时，作者处理这件事的方式与全文主题句Ilearnedthatshoutingandthreatsofpunishmentwouldresultinadisaster相对应。故选A。答案　A★3.Theauthormanagedtogettheboytotalktoherby.A.playinggameswithhim\nB.givinghimagoodsuggestionC.describinghisteacher'sfeelingsD.avoidingmakingcriticalremarks解析　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句IbelievethatifIhadcriticizedhim，thegatethatwasslowlyopeningwouldhaveshutfirmlyclosed.答案为D。答案　D★4.Whydidtheboyhavetearsinhiseyesintheend?A.Hewassorryabouthisreputation.B.Hewasregretfulabouthisbehavior.C.Hewasfearfuloftheauthor'swarning.D.Hewassadfortheauthor'smisunderstanding.解析　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句Thenhelookedatmewithtearsinhiseyesbeforequietlyaskingifhecouldgotofindhisteachertoapologize可知男孩要向老师道歉，为自己之前的行为感到后悔，故选B。答案　BPassage19　(2022·大纲全国)话题：地铁指南词数：294MetroPocketGuideMetrorail(地铁)Eachpassengerneedsafarecardtoenterandgoout.Uptotwochildrenunderagefivemaytravelfreewithapayingcustomer.Farecardmachinesareineverystation.Bringsmallbillsbecausetherearenochangemachinesinthestationsandfarecardmachinesonlyprovideupto$5inchange.GetonedayofunlimitedMetrorailrideswithaOneDayPass.BuyitfromafarecardmachineinMetrostations.Useitafter9：30a.m.untilclosingonweekdays，andalldayonweekendsandholidays.HoursofserviceOpen：5a.m.Mon.－Fri7a.m.Sat－Sun.Close：midnightSun.－Thurs.3a.m.Fri.－Sat.nights\nLasttraintimesvary.Toavoid(避免)missingthelasttrain，pleasecheckthelasttraintimespostedinstations.MetrobusWhenpayingwithexactchange，thefareis$1.35.WhenpayingwithaSmarTrip®cardthefareis$1.25Faresforsenior/disabledcustomersSeniorcitizens65andolderanddisabledcustomersmayrideforhalftheregularfare.OnMetrorailandMetrobus，useasenior/disabledfarecardorSmarTrip®card.Formoreinformationaboutbuyingsenior/disabledfarecards，SmarTrip®cardsandpasses，pleasevisitMetroOpensDoors.comorcall202－637－7000and202－637－8000.SeniorcitizensanddisabledcustomerscangetfreeguideonhowtouseproperMetrobusandMetrorailservicesbycalling202－962－1100.Traveltips·Avoidridingduringweekdayrushperiods—before9：30a.m.andbetween4and6p.m.·Ifyoulosesomethingonabusortrainorinastation，pleasecallLost&Foundat202－962－1195.【语篇导读】　本文题目为地铁袖珍指南。文中详细介绍了一些地铁站的信息。★1.Whatshouldyouknowaboutfarecardmachines?A.Theystartsellingticketsat9：30a.m.B.Theyareconnectedtochangemachines.C.Theyofferspecialservicetotheelderly.D.Theymakechangefornomorethan$5.解析　事实细节题，根据文章第二段“Therearenochangemachines...upto$5inchange”可知D项正确。答案　D★2.AtwhattimedoesMetrorailstopserviceonSaturday?A.Atmidnight.B.At3a.m.C.At5a.m.D.At7p.m.\n解析　事实细节题。根据“Hoursofservice”中的信息“Close：midnightSun—Thurs；3a.m.Fri－Sat.nights”可知周六凌晨三点地铁停止服务，故B项正确。答案　B★3.WhatisgoodaboutaSmarTrip®card?A.Itisconvenientforoldpeople.B.Itsavesmoneyforitsusers.C.Itcanbeboughtatanytime.D.ItissoldontheInternet.解析　事实细节题。根据“Metrobus”中“Whenpayingwithexact...thefareis$1.25”可知使用SmarTrip®card可以节省钱。故B项正确。答案　B★4.WhichNumbershouldyoucallifyoulosesomethingontheMetro?A.202－962－1195B.202－962－1100C.202－637－7000D.202－637－8000解析　事实细节题。根据文章最后一段中“Ifyoulosesomething...pleasecall...”可知A项正确。答案　APassage20　(2022·新课标全国Ⅰ)话题：省钱词数：304Somepeoplewilldojustaboutanythingtosavemoney.AndIamoneofthem.Takemyfamily'slastvacation.Itwasmysix－year－oldson'swinterbreakfromschool，andwewereheadinghomefromFortLauderdaleafteraweek－longtrip.Theflightwasoverbooked，andDelta，theairline，offeredus$400perpersonincreditstogiveupourseatsandleavethenextday.IhadmeetingsinNewYork，soIhadtogetback.Butthatdidn'tmeanmyhusbandandmysoncouldn'tstay.Itookmynine－month－oldandtookoffforhome.Thenextday，myhusbandandsonwereofferedmorecreditstotakeanevenlaterflight.Yes，Iencouraged—okay，ordered—themtowaititoutattheairportto“earn”moreDeltaDollars.Ourtotaltake:$1，600.Notbad，huh?\nNowsomepeoplemaythinkI'mabadmotherandnotsuchagreatwifeeither.Butasabig－timebargainhunter，Iknowthevalueofadollar.Andthesedays，agooddealissomethingfewofuscanaffordtopassup.I'vemadealivinglookingforthebestdealsandexposing(揭露)theworsttricks.IhavebeentheconsumerreporterofNBC'sTodayshowforoveradecade.IhavewrittenacoupleofbooksincludingonetitledTricksoftheTrade:AConsumerSurvivalGuide.AndIreallydowhatIbelievein.Itellyouthisbecausethereisnoshameingettingyourmoney'sworth.I'malsotightfistedwhenitcomestoshoes，clothesformychildren，andexpensiverestaurants.ButIwouldn'thesitatetospendonagoodhaircut.Itkeepsitsshapelonger，andit'sthefirstthingpeoplenotice.AndIwillalsospendonaclassicpieceoffurniture.Qualitylasts.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。有些人做任何事都会想着如何做才能省钱，作者就是其中一个。在生活花费方面，作者非常善于精打细算，不愿错过一笔好交易，能够理智地消费，认为应该让自己的每一笔钱都花得值。★1.WhydidDeltagivetheauthor'sfamilycredits?A.Theirflighthadbeendelayed.B.Theyhadearlybookings.C.Theytookalaterflight.D.Theirflighthadbeencancelled.解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“Theflightwasoverbooked，andDelta，theairline，offeredus$400perpersonincreditstogiveupourseatsandleavethenextday.”可知，由于航班被超额预订，航空公司提出愿意支付每人400美元，条件是放弃当天的座位，乘坐第二天的航班。C项符合题意，故答案选C。答案　C★2.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor?A.Sheisverystrictwithherchildren.B.Sheseldommakesacompromise.C.Sherarelymissesagooddeal.D.Sheisinterestedincheapproducts.\n解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Butasabig－timebargainhunter，Iknowthevalueofadollar.Andthesedays，agooddealissomethingfewofuscanaffordtopassup.”可知，作者在消费方面精打细算，很少错过一笔好交易。因此C项符合题意，而其他选项均与文意明显不符，可排除。故答案选C。答案　C★3.Whatdoestheauthordo?A.She'sateacher.B.She'sahousewife.C.She'samediaperson.D.She'sabusinesswoman.解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“IhavebeentheconsumerreporterofNBC'sTodayshowforoveradecade.”可知，作者已经成为媒体记者十多年了。由此可知，作者的职业应是一名媒体人。故答案选C。答案　C4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?A.Howtoexposebadtricks.B.Howtoreserveairlineseats.C.Howtospendmoneywisely.D.Howtomakeabusinessdeal.解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Somepeoplewilldojustaboutanythingtosavemoney.AndIamoneofthem.”以及最后一段中的“Itellyouthisbecausethereisnoshameingettingyourmoney'sworth.”可知，作者是想告诉“我们”如何理智地花钱。故答案选C。答案　CPassage21　(2022·辽宁)话题：自行车在中国词数：274Chinaisalandofbicycles.Atleastitwasbackin1992whenItraveledthecountry.Backtheneveryoneseemedtoberidingabicycle.Millionsofthem，allblack.Carswererare.YetsincemyarrivalinBeijinglastyear，I'vefoundtheoppositeistrue.Therearemillionsofcars.However，peoplestillusetheirbicyclestogetaround.Formany，it'stheeasiestandcheapestwaytotraveltoday.Bicycles\nalsocomeindifferentcolors—silver，green，red，blue，yellow，whateveryouwant.It'sfunwatchingpeoplebiking.Theyrushquicklythroughcrossroads，moveskillfullythroughtraffic，andrideevenonsidewalks(人行道).Bicyclesallowpeoplethefreedomtomoveaboutthatcarsjustcan'tprovide.EagertobepartofthisaspectofChineseculture，Idecidedtobuyabicycle.Greatweatheraccompaniedmygreatbuy.Iimmediatelyjumpeduponmybicycleseatandstartedhome.Myfirstridehomewasorderly(守秩序的).Tobesafe，Istayedwitha“pack”ofbikerswhilecarsonthestreetscamerunningswiftlyoutofnowhereattimes.Ididn'twanttogethit.SoItooktheridecarefully.Crossingthestreetswasthebiggestproblem.ItwasalotlikecrossingamajorhighwaybackintheUnitedStates.Thestreetsherewerewide，socrossingtooktime，skillandalittlebitofluck.Ifinallymadeithome.Thefeelingonthebicyclewasamazing.Theairhittingmyfaceandgoingthroughmyhairwaswonderful.IwassittingontopoftheworldasIpassedbyplacesandpeople.Bikingmademefeelalive.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了在中国体验骑自行车的美好感觉。★1.Accordingtotheauthor，whyarebicyclesstillpopularinChinatoday?A.Becausetheyaretraditionalandsafe.B.Becausetheyareconvenientandinexpensive.C.Becausetheyarecolorfulandavailable.D.Becausetheyarefastandenvironmentfriendly.解析　细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Formany，it'stheeasiestandcheapestwaytotraveltoday.”可知，对于许多中国人来说，自行车是现今出行最简便最便宜的交通方式。故答案选B。答案　B★2.Theauthordecidedtobuyabicyclebecauseheintended.A.torideitforfunB.touseitfortransportC.toexperiencelocalculture\nD.toimprovehisridingskills解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“EagertobepartofthisaspectofChineseculture，Idecidedtobuyabicycle.”可知，作者想体验中国文化才决定买自行车的。故答案选C。答案　C★3.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouthisstreetcrossing?A.Itwasboring.B.Itwasdifficult.C.Itwaslively.D.Itwaswonderful.解析　细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句“Crossingthestreetswasthebiggestproblem.”可知，过马路是最大的难题。故答案选B。答案　B4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'sbikingexperience?A.Theauthorenjoyedshowingoffhisbikingskills.B.Theauthorwasannoyedbytheairwhileriding.C.Theauthorwaspraisedbytheotherbikers.D.Theauthortookgreatpleasureinbiking.解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Thefeelingonthebicyclewasamazing.Theairhittingmyfaceandgoingthroughmyhairwaswonderful...Bikingmademefeelalive.”可知，“我”骑在自行车上的感觉很好，空气吹在“我”的脸上，穿过“我”的头发感觉特别好，骑车让“我”感觉很有活力。故答案选D。答案　DPassage22　(2022·四川)话题：网上教学词数：277Inarecentannouncement，HarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)saidthattheyhavejoinedforcestoofferfreeonlinecoursesinanefforttoattractmillionsofonlinelearnersworldwide.Beginningthisfall，anumberofcoursesdevelopedbyteachersatbothuniversitieswillbeofferedonlinethroughanew$60millionprogram，knownasedX.“AnyonewithanInternetconnectionanywhereintheworldcanuseouronline\ncourses，”HarvardPresidentDrewFaustsaidduringameetingtoannouncetheplan.MIThasofferedaprogramcalledOpenCourseWarefortenyearsthatmakesmaterialsfrommorethan2，000classesfreeonline.Ithasbeenusedbymorethan100millionpeople.InDecember，theschoolannounceditalsowouldbeginofferingaspecialcertificate，knownasMITx，forpeoplewhocompletecertainonlinecourses.Harvardhaslongofferedcoursestoawiderpopulationthroughasimilarprogram.TheMITxwillserveasthefoundationforthenewlearningplatform.MITPresidentSusanHockfieldsaidmorethan120，000peoplesignedupforthefirstMITxcourse.ShesaidHarvardandMIThopeotheruniversitieswilljointheminofferingcoursesontheopen－sourceedXplatform.“Fastenyourseatbelts，”Hockfieldsaid.Otheruniversities，includingStanford，YaleandCarnegies－Mellon，havebeenexperimentingwithteachingtoaglobalpopulationonline.TheHarvard－MITprogramwillbemonitoredbyanot－for－profit(非盈利的)organizationbasedinCambridge，tobeownedequallybythetwouniversities.BothMITandHarvardhaveprovided$30milliontostarttheprogram.TheyalsoplantousetheedXplatformtoresearchhowstudentslearnandwhichteachingmethodsandtoolsaremostsuccessful.【语篇导读】　哈佛大学和麻省理工学院开发了网上教学课程，并且已经初见成效，网上教学平台的开发，不但可以让更多的人享受到优质大学的教学资源，还可以让研究者们发现一些适合学生的教育方法。★1.Accordingtothistext，edXis.A.apartofthefreeMITOpenCourseWareB.afreecomputerprogrambyMITandHarvardC.aHarvard－MITplatformoffreeonlinecoursesD.afreeprogramonlineforuniversitiesworldwide解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的信息可知，edX是哈佛大学和麻省理工学院共同开发的一个免费的网上教育课程。故正确答案为C。答案　C\n★2.Whatissaidaboutonlineeducationinthetext?A.Universitieshavebeentryingonlinecourses.B.About2，000onlinecourseshavebeenoffered.C.Over100millionpeoplehavefinishedcoursesonline.D.StanfordandYaletogetherhavecoursessimilartoedX.解析　细节理解题。根据第七段“Otheruniversities，includingStanford，YaleandCarnegies－Mellon，havebeenexperimenting...”可知，选项A正确，D错误；选项B中的about和文中morethan不一致；第三段中的“Ithasbeenusedbymorethan100millionpeople”表明有超过1亿人使用网上课程，但并没说有1亿人完成了网上课程，由此可排除C。故正确答案为A。答案　A3.Theunderlinedpartinthetextprobablymeans“”.A.GetreadyforthedifficultiesB.GetreadyforthiseducationalchangeC.GetpreparedtocompletetheonlinecoursesD.GetpreparedtomakematerialsfortheedXcourses解析　句意理解题。理解四个选项的意思并结合句子所在的语境可知，此处画线句子表示为迎接这种新的教学改革做好准备。故选B。答案　B★4.WhatcanbesaidaboutMITxaccordingtothetext?A.ItisfirstofferedaspartoftheedXlearningprogram.B.ItisanotherfreeMIT－Harvardonlinelearningprogram.C.Itisastandardtorecognizeonlinelearners'achievement.D.ItisanewkindoffreeonlinecourseofHarvardandMIT.解析　细节理解题。根据第四段“TheMITxwillserveasthefoundationforthenewlearningplatform.”可知，MIT将被作为一种学习平台的基础标准。故选C。答案　C考点三　推理判断题Passage1　(2022·新课标全国Ⅰ)话题：不一样的冬天\n词数：353ThefreezingNortheasthasn'tbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswinter，sowhenthechancecameforaweekendtoSarasota，Florida，mybagswerepackedbeforeyoucouldsay“sunshine”.IleftforthelandofwarmthandvitaminC(维生素C)，thinkingofbeachesandorangetrees.Whenwetoucheddowntoblueskiesandwarmair，Isentupasmallprayerofgratefulness.Swimmingpools，winetasting，andpinksunsets(atnormaleveninghours，not4intheafternoon)filledtheweekend，butthebestpart—particularlytomytaste，dulledbymonthsofcold－weatherrootvegetables—wasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmers'marketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake－upcall.Themarket，whichwasfoundedin1979，setsupitstentseverySaturdayfrom7a.m.to1p.m.rainorshine，alongNorthLemonandStatestreets.Basketsofperfectredstrawberries，thered－paintedsidesoftheJavaDawgcoffeetruck；andmostofall，thetomatoes：amazing，large，softandroundredtomatoes.Disappointedbymanyabroken，vine－ripened(蔓上成熟的)promise，I'verefusedtobuywintertomatoesforyears.Nomatterhowattractivetheylookinthestore，onceIgetthemhomethey'reunfailinglydry，hard，andtasteless.ButIhomedin，withuncertainty，ononeparticulartableattheBrown'sGroveFarm'sstand，fulloffreshandsofttomatoesthesizeofmyfist.Theseweretherealdeal—andatthatmoment，IrealizedthatthebestpartofSarasotainwinterwasgoingtobeeatingthingsthatbackhomeinNewYorkIwouldn'tbeexperiencingagainformonths.DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight，myhappinessdeepenedwhenIlearnedthatBrown'sGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty，anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton，where—luckilyforme—Iwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.Withoutevenseeingthemenu，IknewI'dbeorderingeverytomatoonit.【语篇导读】　这是一篇记叙文。“我”生活在美国东北部的纽约，那儿的冬季实在让人难以忍受。一次去佛罗里达的Sarasota度周末的机会让“我”深切感受到了宜人的气候是多么令人惬意。尤其是那又大、又软又圆的西红柿。★1.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofherwinterlifeinNewYork?\nA.Exciting.B.Boring.C.Relaxing.D.Annoying.解析　推理判断题。由第一段最后一句“dulledbymonthsofcold－weatherrootvegetables”所提供的信息尤其是dulled一词的意义可以推测纽约寒冷的冬季是令人厌烦的。故答案为B。答案　B2.Whatmadetheauthor'sgettingupearlyworthwhile?A.Havingaswim.B.Breathinginfreshair.C.Walkinginthemorningsun.D.Visitingalocalfarmer'smarket.解析　事实细节题。根据首段末句可知，让作者最感惬意的事情是逛一逛早七点的农贸市场。因此D项为最佳答案。答案　D★3.WhatcanwelearnabouttomatoessoldinNewYorkinwinter?A.Theyaresoft.B.Theylooknice.C.Theytastegreat.D.Theyarejuicy.解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，作者之所以不再购买冬季的西红柿是因为不论商店里的西红柿看起来多么诱人，买到家里就会变得又干又硬，索然无味。故选B项。答案　B★4.Whatwastheauthorgoingtodothatevening?A.Gotoafarm.B.Checkintoahotel.C.Eatinarestaurant.D.Buyfreshvegetables.解析　推理判断题。由最后一段所述可知，Brown'sGroveFarm是新开业的一家餐馆。JackDusty是供货方之一。再结合“Iwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.”一句可知作者打算去那儿用餐。因此答案为C。答案　CPassage2　(2022·新课标全国Ⅰ)话题：精神咖啡馆词数：310ConflictisonthemenutonightatthecafeLaChope.Thisevening，asonevery\nThursdaynight，psychologistMaudLehanneisleadingtwoofFrance'sfavoritepastimes，coffeedrinkingandthe“talkingcure”.Heretheyarelearningtogetintouchwiththeirtruefeelings.Itisn'talwayseasy.Thecustomers—somethirtyParisianswhopayjustunder$2(plusdrinks)persession—arequicktointellectualize(高谈阔论)，slowtoopenupandconnect.“Youareforbiddentosay‘onefeels，’or‘peoplethink’，”Lehannetoldthem.“Say‘Ithink，’‘Thinkme’.”Acafesocietywherenointellectualizingisallowed？Itcouldn'tseemmoreun－French.ButLehanne'spsychologycafeisaboutmorethanknowingoneself：It'stryingtohelpthecity'stroubledneighborhoodcafes.Overtheyears，ParisiancafeshavefallenvictimtochangesintheFrenchlifestyle—longerworkinghours，afast－foodboomandayoungergeneration'sdesiretospendmoretimeathome.Dozensofnewthemecafesappeartochangethesituation.Cafesfocusedaroundpsychology，history，andengineeringarecatchingon，fillingtableswellintotheevening.Thecity's“psychologycafes”，whichoffergreatcomfort，areamongthemostpopularplaces.Middle－agedhomemakers，retirees，andtheunemployedcometosuchcafestotalkaboutlove，angeranddreamswithapsychologist.AndtheycometoLehanne'sgroupjusttolearntosaywhattheyfeel.“There'sastrongneedinParisforcommunication，”saysMauriceFrischacafeLaChoperegularwhoworksasareligiousinstructorinanearbychurch.“Peoplehavefewrealfriends.Andtheyneedtoopenup.”Lehannesaysshe'dliketoseepsychologycafesalloverFrance.“Ifpeoplehadnormallives，thesecafeswouldn'texist，”shesays，“Iflifeweren'tabattle，peoplewouldn'tneedaspecialplacejusttospeak.”Butthen，Itwouldn'tbeFrance.【语篇导读】　这是一篇议论文。作者从LaChope咖啡馆的经营特色谈起，介绍了巴黎的一些主题咖啡馆经营理念的变化及其大受欢迎的原因。★1.WhatarepeopleencouragedtodoatthecafeLaChope?A.Learnanewsubject.B.Keepintouchwithfriends.C.Showofftheirknowledge.\nD.Expresstheirtruefeelings.解析　推理判断题。根据短文第一段第二句可知，顾客在这里可以学着与他们内心的真实情感取得联系。亦即将自己的真实情感表达出来。故答案为D。答案　D★2.HowarecafesaffectedbyFrenchlifestylechanges?A.Theyarelessfrequentlyvisited.B.Theystayopenforlongerhours.C.Theyhavebiggernightcrowds.D.Theystarttoservefastfood.解析　推理判断题。由第二段“Overtheyears，ParisiancafeshavefallenvictimtochangesintheFrenchlifestyle...”一句可知，在过去的几年里，巴黎咖啡馆的生意因法国人生活方式的变化而受损。由此可以推断，人们不再那么频繁地光顾咖啡馆了。因此答案为A。答案　A★3.Whatarethemecafesexpectedtodo?A.Createmorejobs.B.Supplybetterdrinks.C.Savethecafebusiness.D.Servetheneighborhood.解析　推理判断题。第二段最末两句所传达的信息是：许多主题咖啡馆似乎要改变这种状况。那些聚集心理、历史和工程的咖啡馆大受欢迎，顾客盈门。据此可以判断这些咖啡馆是想通过改变管理理念挽回惨淡的生意。因此答案为C。答案　C★4.WhyarepsychologycafesbecomingpopularinParis?A.Theybringpeopletruefriendship.B.Theygivepeoplespiritualsupport.C.Theyhelppeoplerealizetheirdreams.D.Theyofferaplatformforbusinesslinks.解析　推理判断题。根据短文最后一段的前两句可知，料理家务的中年人，退休及失业人员来到这些心理咖啡馆，敞开心扉，与心理专家谈论爱恨情仇，以期获得精神上的支持。offergreatcomfort(提供慰藉)为解答本题的关键信息。因此答案选B。答案　B\nPassage3　(2022·天津)话题：书的魅力词数：407OnedaywhenIwas12,mymothergavemeanorder:Iwastowalktothepubliclibrary,andborrowatleastonebookforthesummer.Thiswasonemoreweaponforhertodefeatmystrangeproblem—inabilitytoread.Inthelibrary,Ifoundmywayintothe“Children'sRoom.”Isatdownonthefloorandpulledafewbooksofftheshelfatrandom.Thecoverofabookcaughtmyeye.Itpresentedapictureofabeagle.Ihadrecentlyhadabeagle,thefirstandonlyanimalcompanionIeverhadasachild.Hewasmysecretsharer,butonemorning,hewasgone,givenawaytosomeonewhohadthespaceandthemoneytocareforhim.Ineverforgotmybeagle.Thereonthebook'scoverwasabeaglewhichlookedidentical(相同的)tomydog.Iranmyfingersoverthepictureofthedogonthecover.Myeyesranacrossthetitle,Amos,theBeaglewithaPlan.Unknowingly,Ihadreadthetitle.Withoutopeningthebook,Iborroweditfromthelibraryforthesummer.Undertheshadeofabush,IstartedtoreadaboutAmos.Ireadvery,veryslowlywithdifficulty.Thoughpageswereturnedslowly,Igotthemainideaofthestoryaboutadogwho,likemine,hadbeenseparatedfromhisfamilyandwhofinallyfoundhiswaybackhome.Thatdogwasmydog,andIwasthelittleboyinthebook.Attheendofthestory,mymindcontinuedthefinalsceneofreunion,onandon,untilmyownlostdogandIwere,inmymind,runningtogether.Mymother'scallreturnedmetotherealworld.Isuddenlyrealizedsomething:Ihadreadabook,andIhadlovedreadingthatbook.EveryoneknewIcouldnotread.ButIhadreadit.BookscouldbeincrediblywonderfulandIwasgoingtoreadthem.Inevertoldmymotheraboutmy“miraculous”(奇迹般地)experiencethatsummer,butshesawaslowbutremarkableimprovementinmyclassroomperformanceduringthenextyear.Andyearslater,shewasproudthathersonhadreadthousandsofbooks,wasawardedaPhDinliterature,andauthoredhisownbooks,articles,poetryandfiction.Thepowerofthewordshasheld.\n【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过自己成功的经历来说明读书可以矫正阅读困难的毛病。1.Theauthor'smothertoldhimtoborrowabookinorderto.A.encouragehimtodomorewalkingB.lethimspendameaningfulsummerC.helpcurehimofhisreadingproblemD.makehimlearnmoreaboutweapons解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话可知，作者的母亲让作者去借书，目的是帮助他矫正阅读困难的毛病。答案　C2.Thebookcaughttheauthor'seyebecause.A.itcontainedprettypicturesofanimalsB.itremindedhimofhisowndogC.hefounditstitleeasytounderstandD.helikedchildren'sstoriesverymuch解析　细节理解题。根据第二段后半部分的描述可知，这本书的封皮使作者想起了自己曾经养过的一只猎兔犬。答案　B3.Whycouldtheauthormanagetoreadthebookthrough?A.Hewasforcedbyhismothertoreadit.B.Heidentifiedwiththestoryinthebook.C.Thebooktoldthestoryofhispetdog.D.Thehappyendingofthestoryattractedhim.解析　细节判断题。根据第三段第一句话及后文的内容可知，作者认同封面上的狗就是他曾经拥有过的狗，所以他不知不觉地读了起来。答案　B★4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theauthorhasbecomeasuccessfulwriter.B.Theauthor'smotherreadthesamebook.C.Theauthor'smotherrewardedhimwithbooks.\nD.Theauthorhashadhappysummerseversince.解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的...authoredhisownbooks,articles,poetryandfiction可判断出，作者创作了自己的书、文章、诗歌和小说，也就是说他成为了一位成功的作家。答案　A5.Whichonecouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheCharmofaBookB.Mum'sStrictOrderC.ReunionwithMyBeagleD.MyPassionforReading解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是作者通过读书矫正了自己阅读困难的毛病。所以“书的魅力”最适合作本文的标题。答案　APassage4　(2022·陕西)话题：生还的奇迹词数：295WhenthedognamedJudyspottedthefirstsheepinherlife，shedidwhatcomesnaturally.Thefour－year－olddogsetoffracingafterthesheepacrossseveralfieldsand，beingacityanimal，lostbothhersheepandhersenseofdirection.Thensheranalongtheedgeofacliff(悬崖)andfell100feet，bouncingoffarockintothesea.HerownerMikeHoldenpanickedandcalledthecoastguardofCornwall，whoturnedupinseconds.Sixvolunteerssliddownthecliffwiththehelpofaropebutgaveupallhopeoffindingheraliveaftera90－minutesearch.Threedayslater，ahurricanehitthecoastnearCornwall.Mr.Holdenreturnedhomefromhisholidayupsetandconvincedhispetwasdead.Hecomfortedhimselfwiththethoughtshehaddiedinthemostbeautifulpartofthecountry.Forthenexttwoweeks，theHoldenswereheartbroken.Then，oneday，thephonerangandSteveTregear，thecoastguardofCornwall，askedHoldenifhewouldlikehisdogback.\nAbirdwatcher，armedwithatelescope，foundthepetsittingdesperatelyonarock.Whilehesoundedthealarm,astudentfromLeedsclimbeddowntheclifftocollectJudy.Thedoghadinitiallybeenknockedunconscious(失去知觉的)buthadsurvivedbydrinkingwaterfromafreshstreamatthebaseofthecliff.Shemayhavefedonthebodyofasheepwhichhadalsofallenovertheedge.“Thedogwasverythinandhungry，”SteveTregearsaid.“Itwasaveryluckydog.Shesurvivedbecauseofaplentifulsupplyoffreshwater，”headded.Itwas，asMr.Holdenadmitted，“aminormiracle(奇迹)”.【语篇导读】　小狗Judy在追赶一只绵羊的过程中掉下了悬崖，所有的人都以为它死了，可是两个星期后，主人被告知它还活着。1.ThedogJudyfelldownthecliffwhenshewas.A.rescuingherownerB.caughtinahurricaneC.blockedbyarockD.runningafterasheep解析　细节事实题。根据第一段的信息可以知道，Judy在追赶它平生遇到的第一只绵羊的时候迷失了方向，掉下了悬崖。答案　D2.WhospottedJudyaftertheaccident?A.Abirdwatcher.B.AstudentfromLeeds.C.Sixvolunteers.D.ThecoastguardofCornwall.解析　细节事实题。根据倒数第三段的第一句话，可以看出一位拿着望远镜的观鸟者发现了Judy。答案　A★3.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Peopleliketotravelwiththeirpets.B.Judywastakentothefieldsforhunting.C.LuckplaysavitalroleinJudy'ssurvival.D.HoldencaredlittlewhereJudywasburied.解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的信息可以知道，Judy最初失去了知觉，但是苏醒之后，他依靠悬崖下的一条小溪里的水存活，也许还吃掉了同样不慎落下悬崖的一只羊，\n但是能够存活两个星期，它的确是很幸运。C项正确。B项中说Judy是被带到乡下打猎的，文章中没有提及，Judy追赶绵羊，是天性使然，根据文中的第一句shedidwhatcomesnaturally可知。答案　C4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MiracleoftheCoastguard.B.SurvivingaHurricane.C.DangersintheWild.D.ComingBackfromtheDead.解析　标题概括题。本文描写一只小狗Judy在掉下悬崖后，奇迹般生还的故事，只有D项ComingBackfromtheDead从死亡线上生还最为贴切。答案　DPassage5　(2022·福建)话题：父亲的教育词数：412Papa,asasonofadirt－poorfarmer,leftschoolearlyandwenttoworkinafactory,foreducationwasfortherichthen.So,theworldbecamehisschool.Withgreatinterest,hereadeverythinghecouldlayhishandson,listenedtothetowneldersandlearnedabouttheworldbeyondhistinyhometown.“There'ssomuchtolearn，”he'dsay.“Thoughwe'rebornstupid,onlythestupidremainthatway.”Hewasdeterminedthatnoneofhischildrenwouldbedenied(拒绝)aneducation.Thus,Papainsistedthatwelearnatleastonenewthingeachday.Though,aschildren,wethoughtthiswascrazy,itwouldneverhaveoccurredtoustodenyPapaarequest.Anddinnertimeseemedperfectforsharingwhatwehadlearned.Wewouldtalkaboutthenewsoftheday;nomatterhowinsignificant,itwasnevertakenlightly.Papawouldlistencarefullyandwasreadywithsomecomment,alwaystothepoint.Thencamethemoment—thetimetosharetheday'snewlearning.Papa,attheheadofthetable,wouldpushbackhischairandpouraglassofredwine,readytolisten.\n“Felice，”he'dsay,“tellmewhatyoulearnedtoday.”“IlearnedthatthepopulationofNepalis....”Silence.Papawasthinkingaboutwhatwassaid,asifthesalvation(拯救)oftheworldwoulddependuponit.“ThepopulationofNepal.Hmm.Well....”he'dsay.“Getthemap;let'sseewhereNepalis.”AndthewholefamilywentonasearchforNepal.Thissameexperiencewasrepeateduntileachfamilymemberhadaturn.Dinnerendedonlyafterwehadaclearunderstandingofatleasthalfadozensuchfacts.Aschildren,wethoughtverylittleabouttheseeducationalwonders.Ourfamily,however,wasgrowingtogether,sharingexperiencesandparticipatinginoneanother'seducation.Andbylookingatus,listeningtous,respectingourinput,affirming(肯定)ourvalue,givingusasenseofdignity,Papawasunquestionablyourmostinfluentialteacher.Laterduringmytrainingasafutureteacher，Istudiedwithsomeofthemostfamouseducators.Theywereimparting(传授)whatPapahadknownallalong—thevalueofcontinuallearning.Histechniquehasservedmewellallmylife.Notasingledayhasbeenwasted,thoughIcannevertellwhenknowingthepopulationofNepalmightproveuseful.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文，作者回忆了自己的父亲，因为家境贫穷而中途辍学，但是父亲却以自己的方式对子女进行教育，不让他们失去教育的机会，对作者一生产生了深远影响。1.Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?A.Theauthor'sfatherwasborninaworker'sfamily.B.Thosebornstupidcouldnotchangetheirlife.C.Thetownelderswantedtolearnabouttheworld.D.Thepoorcouldhardlyaffordschooleducation.解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的描述，特别是第一段的第一句话，...foreducationasfortherichthen.可知当时的穷人上不起学。答案　D2.Theunderlinedword“it”inthesecondparagraphrefersto“”.\nA.onenewthingB.arequestC.thenewsD.somecomment解析　词义猜测题。根据上文中的Wewouldtalkaboutthenewsoftheday;nomatterhowinsignificant,itwasnevertakenlightly.我们吃饭的时间就谈论当天的新闻，无论它有多么微不足道，它都不会被等闲视之。可以看出，it指的是news。答案　C★3.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethattheauthor.A.enjoyedtalkingaboutnewsB.knewverywellaboutNepalC.feltregretaboutthosewasteddaysD.appreciatedhisfather'seducationaltechnique解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的描述，在父亲的坚持下，我们的家庭凝聚力更强了。通过分享，肯定我们自己的价值，给我们尊严感，父亲无疑是我们最有影响力的老师，可以看出作者十分欣赏父亲的教育方式。答案　D4.Whatisthegreatestvalueof“dinnertime”totheauthor?A.Continuallearning.B.Showingtalents.C.Familyget－together.D.WinningPapa'sapproval.解析　根据最后一段可以知道，作者父亲和许多著名的教育专家、教授的学习方式是一样的——即晚餐时间的“终身学习”。答案　A5.Theauthor'sfathercanbebestdescribedas.A.aneducatorexpertattrainingfutureteachersB.aparentinsistentonhischildren'seducationC.aparticipantwillingtosharehisknowledgeD.ateacherstrictabouteverythinghisstudentsdid解析　根据最后一段的描述，作者父亲的教育方式使他终身受用，可见Papa是一位对孩子的教育影响很深的父亲。答案选B。\n答案　BPassage6　(2022·湖南)话题：灯塔管理员的故事词数：356Haveyourparentseverinspectedyourroomtoseeifyoucleaneditproperly?Imaginehavingyourentirehouse,garage,andyardinspectedatanytime—withnowarning.Inspectionswerearegularpartoflighthouse(灯塔)living,andakeeper'sreputationdependedontheresults.Afewtimeseachyear,aninspectorarrivedtolookovertheentirelightstation.Theinspectionsweresupposedtobeasurprise,butkeeperssometimeshadadvancenotice.Oncelighthouseshadtelephones,keeperswouldcalleachothertowarnthattheinspectorwasapproaching.Afterboatsbeganflyingspecialflagsnotingtheinspectorwasaboard,thekeeper'sfamilymadeitagametoseewhocouldnoticetheboatfirst.Assoonassomeonespottedtheboat,everyonewoulddolast－minutetidyingandchangeintofancyclothes.Thekeeperthenscurriedtoputonhisdressuniformandcap.Childrenofkeepersrememberinspectorswearingwhiteglovestoruntheirfingersoverdoorframesandwindowsillslookingfordust.Despitetheseriousnatureofinspections,theyresultedinsomefunnymoments.BettyByrnesrememberedwhenhermotherdidnothavetimetowashallthedishesbeforeaninspection.Atthetime,peopledidnothavedishwashersintheirhomes.Inanefforttocleanupquickly,Mrs.Byrnestossedallthedishesintoabigbreadpan,coveredthemwithaclothandstuckthemintheoven.Iftheinspectoropenedtheovendoor,itwouldlooklikebreadwasbaking.Heneverdid.Oneday,GlennFurst'smotherputoilonthekitchenfloorjustbeforetheinspectorenteredtheirhouse.Likefloorwax,theoilmadethefloorsshinyandhelpedprotectthewood.Thistime,though,sheusedalittletoomuchoil.WhentheinspectorextendedhishandtogreetGlenn'smother,heslippedonthefreshlyoiledsurface.“Hecameacrossthatfloorwavinghisarmslikeayoungbirdattemptingitsfirstflight，”Glennlaterwrote.Afterhesteadiedhimself,heshookGlenn'smother'shand,andtheinspectioncontinuedasthoughnothinghadhappened.\n【语篇导读】　灯塔管理员时刻面临着被检查的命运。这些检查是突然袭击，但是他们也找到了许多应对的办法，还发生了许多有趣的故事。1.WhatdoesParagraph1tellusabouttheinspectionatthelightstation?A.Itwascarriedoutonceayear.B.Itwasoftenannouncedinadvance.C.Itwasimportantforthekeeper'sfame.D.Itwasfocusedonthegarageandyard.解析　考查细节理解。根据第一段akeeper'sreputationdependedontheresults.可知检查结果会影响到管理员的声誉。答案　C2.Thefamilybeganmakingpreparationsimmediatelyafter.A.oneofthememberssawtheboatB.awarningcallreachedthelighthouseC.thekeeperputonthedressuniformandcapD.theinspectorflewspecialflagsinthedistance解析　考查细节理解。根据第二段Assoonassomeonespottedtheboat,everyonewoulddolast－minutetidying.可知一有人看到检查员乘坐的船，全家人都会马上开始做最后时刻的突击打扫。答案　A★3.Mrs.Byrnesputthedishesintheovenbecausethiswould.A.resultinsomefunB.speedupwashingthemC.makeherhomelooktidyD.beademandfromtheinspector解析　考查推理判断。根据第三段可知，Mrs.Byrnes没有足够的时间洗完所有的盘子，为了提高整理房间的速度，她把盘子放在了炉子里。答案　C★4.Iftheinspectorhadopenedtheovendoor,hewouldhaveseen.A.anemptypanB.manycleandishes\nC.piecesofbakedbreadD.aclothcoveringsomething解析　考查推理判断。根据第三段，炉子里的东西是没洗完的盘子，上面用一块布盖着。答案　D★5.Theinspectorwavedhisarms.A.totryhisbesttokeepsteadyB.toshowhissatisfactionwiththefloorC.toextendawarmgreetingtoGlenn'smotherD.toexpresshisintentiontocontinuetheinspection解析　考查推理判断。根据最后一段Hecameacrossthatfloorwavinghisarmslikeayoungbirdattemptingitsfirstflight.和afterhesteadiedhimself可知他为了保持平衡，挥舞着手臂划过地板，像一只开始学飞的小鸟。答案　APassage7　(2022·四川)话题：男性和女性的差异词数：329Womenarefriendly.Butmenaremorecompetitive.Why？Researchershavefoundit'salldowntothehormoneoxytocin(荷尔蒙催生素).Althoughknownasthelovehormone，itaffectsthesexesdifferently.“Womentendtobesocialintheirbehavior.Theyoftensharewithothers.Butmentendtobecompetitive.Theyaretryingtoimprovetheirsocialstatus，”saidProfessorRyan.Generally，peoplebelievethatthehormoneexytocinisletoutinourbodyinvarioussocialsituationsandourbodycreatesalargeamountofitduringpositivesocialinteractions(互动)suchasfallinginloveorgivingbirth.ButinapreviousexperimentProfessorRyanfoundthatthehormoneisalsoletoutinourbodyduringnegativesocialinteractionssuchasenvy.Furtherresearchesshowedthatinmenthehormoneoxytocinimprovestheabilitytorecognizecompetitiverelationships，butinwomenitraisestheabilitytorecognizefriendship.\nProfessorRyan'srecentexperimentused62menandwomenaged20to37.Halfoftheparticipants(参与者)receivedoxytocin.Theotherhalfreceivedplacebo(安慰剂).Afteraweek，thetwogroupsswitchedwithparticipants.Theywentthroughthesameprocedurewiththeothermaterial.Followingeachtreatment，theywereshownsomevideopictureswithdifferentsocialinteractions.Thentheywereaskedtoanalyzetherelationshipsbyansweringsomequestions.Thequestionswereabouttellingfriendshipfromcompetition.Andtheiranswersshouldbebasedongestures，bodylanguageandfacialexpressions.Theresultsindicatedthat，aftertreatmentwithoxytocin，men'sabilitytocorrectlyrecognizecompetitiverelationshipsimproved，butinwomenitwastheabilitytocorrectlyrecognizefriendshipthatgotbetter.ProfessorRyanthusconcluded：“Ourexperimentprovesthatthehormoneoxytocincanraisepeople'sabilitiestobetterdistinguishdifferentsocialinteractions.Andthebehaviordifferencesbetweenmenandwomenarecausedbybiologicalfactors(因素)thataremainlyhormonal.”【语篇导读】　这是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，男女性格的差异是由一种叫作“爱情荷尔蒙”——荷尔蒙催生素决定的。这种催生素作用于男性时会使他们识别竞争关系的能力增强，而作用于女性时则会提升她们辩识友情的能力。1.Whatcausesmenandwomentobehavedifferentlyaccordingtothetext?A.Placebo.B.Oxytocin.C.Thegesture.D.Thesocialstatus.解析　事实细节题。短文开头的“...it'salldowntothehormoneoxytocin.”这句话正是答题的依据。答案　B★2.WhatcanwelearnfromProfessorRyan'spreviousexperiment?A.Oxytocinaffectsourbehaviorinadifferentway.B.Ourbodyletsoutoxytocinwhenwearedeepinlove.C.Ourbodyproducesoxytocinwhenwefeelunhappyaboutothers'success.D.Oxytocinimprovesourabilitiestounderstandpeople'sbehaviordifferences.\n解析　推理判断题。第四段的意思是“在像忌妒这样的负面社交互动中，人体也会产生催生素。”选项C中的whenwefeelunhappyaboutothers'success与envy含义相近。故答案为C。答案　C3.WhydidProfessorRyanconducttherecentexperiment?A.Totesttheeffectofoxytocinontheabilitytorecognizesocialinteractions.B.Toknowthedifferencesbetweenfriendshipandcompetition.C.Toknowpeople'sdifferentabilitiestoanswerquestions.D.Totestpeople'sunderstandingofbodylanguage.解析　事实细节题。由短文最后一段ProfessorRyan说的这段话可知答案。答案　A4.Theauthordevelopsthetextby.A.explainingpeople'sbehaviorsB.describinghisownexperiencesC.distinguishingsexualdifferencesD.discussingresearchexperiments解析　归纳总结题。为了说明荷尔蒙催生素对男女的影响，作者先是谈到积极的社交互动，然后提及消极的社交互动，最后又说到通过62人做的对比实验。以上研究均以实验结果为依据，因此答案为D。答案　DPassage8　(2022·天津)话题：远距离签名词数：368Aworld－famousCanadianauthor，MargaretAtwood，hascreatedtheworld'sfirstlong－distancesigningdevice(装置)，theLongPen.Aftermanytiringbook－signingtoursfromcitytocity，Atwoodthoughttheremustbeabetterwaytodothem.Shehiredsometechnicalexpertsandstartedherowncompanyin2022.TogethertheydesignedtheLongPen.Here'showitworks：Theauthorwritesapersonalmessageandsignatureonacomputertablet(手写板)usingaspecialpen.Onthereceivingend，inanothercity，aroboticarmfittedwitha\nregularpensignsthebook.Theauthorandfancantalkwitheachotherviawebcams(网络摄像机)andcomputerscreens.WorkontheLongPenbeganinAtwood'sbasement(地下室).Atfirst，theyhadnoideaitwouldbeashardasitturnedouttobe.Thedevicewentthroughseveralversions，includingonethatactuallyhadsmokecomingoutofit.Theinventingfinallycompleted，testrunsweremadeinOttawa，andtheLongPenwasofficiallylaunchedatthe2022LondonBookFair.Fromhere，AtwoodconductedtwotransatlanticbooksigningsofherlatestbookforfansinTorontoandNewYorkCity.TheLongPenproducesauniquesignatureeachtimebecauseitcopiesthemovementoftheauthorinrealtime.Ithasseveralotherpotentialapplications.Itcouldincreasecreditcardsecurityandallowpeopletosigncontractsfromanotherprovince.ThevideoexchangebetweensignerandreceivercanberecordedonDVDforproofwhenlegaldocumentsareused.“It'sreallyfun，”saidtheownerofabookstore，whowaspresentforoneofthetestruns.“Obviouslyyoucan'tshakehandswiththeauthor，buttherearechancesforaconnectionthatyoudon'tgetfromaregularbooksigning.”Theresponsetotheinventionhasn'tbeenallfavorable.Atwoodhasreceivedcriticismfromauthorswhothinkshe'stryingtoendbooktours.Butshesaid，“Itwillbepossibletogotoplacesthatyounevergotsenttobeforebecausethepublisherscouldn'taffordit.”【语篇导读】　由于对于长期亲笔签名的疲惫，世界著名的作家，加拿大的MargaretAtwood发明了一种可以使人不必亲自到场，远距离也可签名的装置——theLongPen.本文介绍了它的工作原理、使用方法和各种功能，包括一些潜在的功用以及人们对该发明的评价。1.WhydidAtwooddecidetoinventtheLongPen?A.Tosetupherowncompany.B.Towinherselfgreaterpopularity.C.Towriteherbooksinanewway.D.Tomakebooksigningslesstiring.解析　细节理解题。根据第二自然段第一句话“Aftermanytiringbook－signingtoursfromcitytocity，Atwoodthoughttheremustbeabetterwaytodothem.”可知，\nAtwood是疲于应付各种各样的签名售书活动才有了发明该装置的想法。答案　D2.HowdoestheLongPenwork?A.Itcopiestheauthor'ssignatureandprintsitonabook.B.Itsignsabookwhilereceivingtheauthor'ssignature.C.Thewebcamsendstheauthor'ssignaturetoanothercity.D.Thefanusesittocopytheauthor'ssignaturehimself.解析　归纳总结题。文章第二自然段第四至六句话“Here'showitworks...”详细讲解了该装置的工作原理。答案　B★3.WhatdoweknowabouttheinventionoftheLongPen?A.Ithasbeencompletedbutnotputintouse.B.Thebasementcaughtfirebyaccident.C.Someversionsfailedbeforeitstestrun.D.Thedesignerswerewell－preparedforthedifficulty.解析　细节推断题。根据文章第三自然段第三句话“Thedevicewentthroughseveralversions，includingonethatactuallyhadsmokecomingoutofit.”可知在该检测进行前也曾经历过失败。答案　C4.HowcouldtheLongPenbeusedinthefuture?A.Todraftlegaldocuments.B.Toimprovecreditcardsecurity.C.Tokeeparecordoftheauthor'sideas.D.Toallowauthorandfantoexchangevideos.解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四自然段第三句话“Itcouldincreasecreditcardsecurityandallowpeopletosigncontractsfromanotherprovince.”可知该装置在将来可以提高信用卡的安全性。答案　B★5.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraphs5and6?A.Atwooddoesn'tmeantoendbooktours.\nB.CriticsthinktheLongPenisoflittleuse.C.Bookstoreownersdon'tsupporttheLongPen.D.PublishersdisliketheLongPenforitshighcost.解析　推理判断题。文章第五、六自然段主要陈述该装置和本人亲自签名均有各自不同的利弊，而Atwood也因为发明该装置被一些作家认为她将结束作家们的签名旅行而受到抱怨，她特意做出解释，可知她的初衷并非完全终结作家们的签名之旅。答案　APassage9　(2022·福建)话题：风能发电机词数：359AshasbeenalltooapparentinrecentdaysatBalcombe，fewissuescausegreaterconcernthanenergypolicy.Manyvillagecommunitiesfeeltheircountrysideisbeingruinedbythepower－producingmachinesofwindfarms；yettheynevertake“directaction”，eventhoughtheplanninglawsputthemataseveredisadvantage.Andthegeneroussubsidies(财政补贴)，whichencouragetheexpansionofwindpower，arenotfavorabletothevillagecommunitiesandsetlandownersinconflictwithotherresidents(居民).Thosewhodisagreewiththerapidexpansionofwindfarmsstatethatthedamagetheycauseisoutofproportion(比例)tothebenefitstheybring，becausetheirenergyoutputcannotmatchthatofthecarbon－basedpowerstationstheyaresupposedtoreplace.Supportersinsistthatwindmustbepartofamixofrenewables，nuclearandcarbon，andthatthecountryiscommittedtomeetingEU(EuropeanUnion)targetsfornon－carbonenergygeneration.Againstthisbackground，thefactthatthereisanargumentwithinthegovernmentoverwhethertopublishanofficialreportonwindfarms'impactonthecountrysidebecomesevenmoreextraordinary.Thetwopartiesinthecoalition(联合)governmentareindisagreementoverwhatitshouldsay.Wehavesomeadviceforthetwoparties：publishthereport，andletthecountrybethejudge.Evenifitcontainsevidencethatwindfarmsareharmful，itwillhardlybeapleasantsurprisetopeoplewhodonotlikethem.Equally，supportersmustargue\ntheircasebyacknowledgingtheconcernsandexplainingwhytheyareeithermisplacedorworthyofmuchattention.Thesuggestionthatfurthernegotiationsaretotakeplacetoproducean“acceptable”reportsuggeststhatthepoliticsofcoalitiongovernmentaredoingthecountryharminacertainway.Giventhesensitivitiesinvolved，alltheinformationshouldbeavailablesothatpeoplecanreachtheirownconclusions，ratherthanbeingleftwiththesuspicion(猜疑)thatfactsarebeingreplacedbypoliticalbeliefs.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了风能发电机给当地村民带来的危害，然而他们却没有采取“直接行动”……1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat.A.energypolicycatchesmuchattentionofthepublicB.theresidentsareinfavoroftheexpansionofwindfarmsC.manyvillagecommunitiesaresatisfiedwiththesubsidiesD.theplanninglawsoffergreatbenefitstotheresidents解析　事实细节题。根据第一段的fewissuescausegreaterconcernthanenergypolicy可知能源政策最能引起公众的注意，故选A项。答案　A2.Supportersthinkthattheexpansionofwindpower.A.ismorerapidthanthatofcarbon－basedpowerB.guaranteesanincreaseinenergyoutputC.isexpectedtobemuchbetterthanthatofnuclearpowerD.agreeswithEUtargetsfornon－carbonenergygeneration解析　事实细节题。根据Supportersinsistthatwindmustbepartofamixofrenewables，nuclearandcarbon，andthatthecountryiscommittedtomeetingEUtargetsfornon－carbonenergygeneration，故选D项。答案　D★3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.anofficialreportwillsettletheenergyproblemB.thetwopartiesaredividedovertheissueofwindfarms\nC.thetwopartieshaveagreedonafurthernegotiationD.politicalbeliefsconcerningenergyissuegoagainstfacts解析　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，两个党派对于风力发电场这个事件产生分歧，故选B项。答案　B★4.Whichofthefollowingreflectstheauthor'sopinion?A.Increasepoliticalimpactonenergypolicy.B.Releaseastatementofsupportersonwindfarms.C.Letthenationjudgethefactsaboutwindpower.D.Leavethetwopartiestoreachtheirownconclusions.解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的后两句话可知作者的观点是让人民来判断风能的这些事实，故选C项。答案　CPassage10　(2022·广东)话题：灯塔自愿者词数：351Likemanynewgraduates，IleftuniversityfullofhopeforthefuturebutwithnorealideaofwhatIwantedtodo.Mydegree，withhonors，inEnglishliteraturehadnotreallypreparedmeforanythingpractical.IknewIwantedtomakeadifferenceintheworldsomehow，butIhadnoideahowtodothat.That'swhenIlearnedabouttheLighthouseProject.IstartedmyjourneyasaLighthouseProjectvolunteerbyreadingasmuchasIcouldabouttheexperiencesofpreviousvolunteers.Iknewitwouldbealotofhardwork，andthatIwouldbeawayfrommyfamilyandfriendsforaverylongtime.Inshort，IdidnottakemydecisiontoapplyfortheLighthouseProjectlightly.Neitherdidmyfamily.Eventually，however，Iwonthesupportofmyfamily，andIsentinallthepaperworkneededforapplication.Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations，Imanagedtostandoutamongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.Severalmonthslater，Ifinallyreceivedacallaskingmetoreportforduty.Iwouldbegoingtoasmall\nvillagenearAbuja，Nigeria.Where？What？Nigeria？Ihadnoidea.ButIwasabouttofindout.Aftercompletingmytraining，Iwassenttothevillagethatwassmallanddesperatelyinneedofproperaccommodation.Thoughthelocalvillagerswerepoor，theyofferedtheirhomes，hearts，andfoodasifIweretheirownfamily.Iwasaskedtoleadasmallteamoflocalpeopleinbuildinganewschoolhouse.Forthenextyearorso，Itaughtinthatsameschoolhouse.ButIsometimesthinkIlearnedmorefrommystudentsthantheydidfromme.Sometimeduringthatperiod，Irealizedthatallthosethingsthathadseemedsostrangeorunusualtomenolongerdid，thoughIdidnotgetanywherewiththelocallanguage，andIreturnedtotheUnitedStatesadifferentman.TheLighthouseProjecthadchangedmylifeforever.【语篇导读】　本文作者叙述的是自己申请叫做灯塔计划的志愿者工作的过程和被选作志愿者后去阿布加附近的一个小村庄工作的经历，这段经历让作者学到了许多，改变了人生。1.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?A.Hisuniversityeducationfocusedontheoreticalknowledge.B.Hisdreamatuniversitywastobecomeavolunteer.C.Hetookprideinhavingcontributedtotheworld.D.HefelthonoredtostudyEnglishliterature.解析　事实细节题。由第一段第二句“Mydegree，withhonors，inEnglishliteraturehadnotreallypreparedmeforanythingpractical”可知，作者的大学教育注重的是理论知识，选A。答案　A★2.AccordingtoParagraph2，itismostlikelythattheauthor.A.discussedhisdecisionwithhisfamilyB.askedpreviousvolunteersaboutvoluntaryworkC.attendedspecialtrainingtoperformdifficulttasksD.feltsadabouthavingtoleavehisfamilyandfriends解析　推理判断题。由第二段最后一句Inshort，Ididnottakemydecisiontoapply\nfortheLighthouseProjectlightly.Neitherdidmyfamily(总之，我并不是轻易决定申请灯塔计划的，我的家人也一样不是轻易决定的)和第三段首句Eventually，however，Iwonthesupportofmyfamily(然而，最后我赢得了家人的支持)可以推断出，作者是同家人讨论商量过的。答案　A★3.Inhisapplicationforthevolunteerjob，theauthor.A.participatedinmanydiscussionsB.wentthroughchallengingsurvivaltestsC.wrotequiteafewpapersonvoluntaryworkD.facedstrongcompetitionfromothercandidates解析　推理判断题。由第二段的第二句“Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations，Imanagedtostandoutamongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone”可推知，作者面临了与其他候选人的激烈竞争。故选D。答案　D4.Onarrivalatthevillage，theauthorwas.A.askedtoleadafarmingteamB.senttoteachinaschoolhouseC.receivedwarmlybylocalvillagersD.arrangedtoliveinaseparatehouse解析　事实细节题。由第四段Thoughthelocalvillagerswerepoor，theyofferedtheirhomes，hearts，andfoodasifIweretheirownfamily可知，一到达那个村庄时，他受到村民的热情接待，故选C。文中信息具体，正确选项是对其概括。答案　C★5.Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor'sexperiencesinNigeria?A.Hefoundsomedifficultyadaptingtothelocalculture.B.Hehadlearnedtocommunicateinthelocallanguage.C.Hehadovercomeallhisweaknessesbeforeheleftforhome.D.Hewaschosenasthemostrespectableteacherbyhisstudents.解析　推理判断题。由最后一段第一句allthosethingsthathadseemedsostrangeorunusualtomenolonger\ndid(他当初觉得奇怪或不寻常的所有事情现在都不再觉得奇怪了)可推断，已适应了，但当初不适应时要适应这些，是有困难的，故选A。答案　APassage11　(2022·湖北)话题：迷人的海滩词数：424You'veflownhalfwayaroundtheworld；you'vesniffedoutthisplacethatnobodyinFalonglandorThailandseemstohaveeverheardof；sowhatonearthistheretodohere？Youconsiderthisquestionasyousinkintoanoldwoodenbeachchairthatholdsyouabovethesand.ItwasalongjourneyfromBangkoktoHuaplee.Bythetimeyoufoundthebusstationandgotyourselfsortedout，ittookalmostaslongastheflightfromFalongland.HuapleeislocatedjustsouthofHuaHin，abouttwohundredkilometresfromBangkok，downthewestsideoftheGulfofThailand.Notmanytouristsfindthisplace，andtheonesthatdowonderiffindingithasbeentheirpurposeallalong.There'sanapparentlazinessthatsurroundsyouhere.It'swhatthisplaceoffers，andit'sfreeofcharge.Thesmallwavesthattaptheshorelineseemtosloweverythingdown.Yousettleintoyourbeachchairinpreparationforalongrest.Yousitthereandwatchthesea.It'searlyafternoon，sothecookcomesoutandaskswhatyou'dliketoeatthisevening.Beforelonghe'srushedofftothemarkettobuytheingredientsforwhateveritwasthatyouordered—everymealfreshandtoorder.Nomenuhere.Thereisnopoolsidenoiseherebutjustthatwonderfullywarm，clearbluesea.There'snostreetnoise.Theonlysoundsarethemurmursofnature.Fornowyoujustcountyourblessings(福祉)，listingtheminthesandwithyourtoe(脚趾).Youdon'thavetoworryaboutbeinglateforwork.Youdon'thavetodoanything.Thebeachtoyourrightstretchesofftothehorizon(地平线)，slowlynarrowingtonothingnessonlytore－emergeagainonyourleft，nowsteadilywideninguntil\nitcoversthechairbeneathyou.Sandtoyourleftandsandtoyourright；it'sunbroken，endless.Nostart，noend，justsand，sun，andpeace.Stepoffit，andyoure－entertheworldoftraffic，stress，work，andhurry.Normallyyou'rethetypewhocan'tsitstillformorethantenminutes，butyou'reonHuapleeLazyBeachnowand，intherightframeofmind，itstretchesallthewayaroundtheworld.“Howcouldittakemesolongtofindit？”youwonder.【语篇导读】　文章描述了HuapleeBeach的大体位置、饮食和在这里度过的美好时光。★1.WhentheauthorfirstwenttoHuapleeBeach，.A.hefounditunworthwhileB.hefailedtosorthimselfoutC.hebecamesensitivetosmellD.hehaddifficultyinfindingit解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段Itwasalongjourney...ittookalmostaslongastheflightfromFalongland，第三段第二句Notmanytouristsfindthisplace.可知这个地方不好找，作者找到这个地方耗时很长，因此答案为D。答案　D2.WhatisspecialaboutthefoodserviceatHuapleeBeach?A.Nomenu.B.Freefood.C.Selfservice.D.Quickdelivery.解析　细节理解题。第五段文章涉及饮食，根据该段最后一句Nomenuhere可知答案为A。答案　A★3.Intheauthor'sopinion，atouristcanenjoyHuapleeBeachmostwhenhe.A.sitsinabeachchairB.forgetshisdailyroutineC.plansadetailedscheduleD.drawspicturesinthesand解析　推理判断题。文章第七段：Fornowyoujustcountyourblessings，listingtheminthesandwithyourtoe.Youdon'thavetoworryaboutbeinglateforwork.You\ndon'thavetodoanything，和第八段：Nostart，noend，justsand，sun，andpeace.都描述了在HuapleeLazyBeach享受的美好时光。但第八段的最后一句Stepoffit，andyoure－entertheworldoftraffic，stress，workandhurry，一旦走出这里，人们又要回到日常生活中，面临工作、交通、压力和快节奏的生活，而要享受HuapleeBeach则需要暂时抛开这些，即答案为B。答案　B★4.Whatdoestheauthorimplybyhisquestionattheendofthepassage?A.Heshouldn'thavecountedhisblessings.B.Heshouldhaveunderstoodthewonderofnature.C.Heshouldn'thavespentsomuchtimeonthetrip.D.Heshouldhavecometotheplaceearlier.解析　推理判断题。根据最后一句：“Howcouldittakemesolongtofindit？”结合全篇文章所讲的在HuapleeLazyBeach旅游的舒适惬意，可知作者是在感叹自己应该早点来到这里的。因此答案为D。答案　DPassage12　(2022·山东)话题：热天的回忆词数：316ItwasoneofthoseterriblyhotdaysinBaltimore.Needlesstosay，itwastoohottodoanythingoutside.Butitwasalsoscorchinginourapartment.Thiswas1962，andIwouldnotliveinaplacewithanairconditionerforanothertenyears.SomybrotherandIdecidedtoleavetheapartmenttofindsomeplaceindoors.Hesuggestedwecouldseeamovie.Itwasabrilliantplan.Movietheaterswereoneofthefewplacesyoucouldsitalldayand—mostimportant—sitinairconditioning.Inthosedays，youcouldbuyoneticketandsitthroughtwomovies.Then，thetheaterwouldshowthesametwomoviesagain.Ifyouwantedto，youcouldsitthroughthemtwice.Mostpeopledidnotdothat，butthemanageratourtheater,Mr.Bellow，didnotmindifyoudid.Thatparticularday，mybrotherandIsatthroughbothmoviestwice，tryingtoescapetheheat.Weboughtthreebagsofpopcornandthreesodaseach.Then，wesat\nandwatchedTheMusicManfollowedbyTheManWhoShotLibertyValance.We'dalreadyseenthesecondmovieoncebefore.IthadbeenatthetheatersinceJanuary，becauseMr.BellowlovedanythingwithJohnWayneinit.Weleftthetheateraround8，justbeforetheeveningshowsbegan.Butwereturnedthenextdayandsawthesametwomoviesagain，twicemore.Andwediditthenextdaytoo.Finally，onthefourthday，theheatwavebroke.Still，tothisdayIcansinghalfthesongsinTheMusicManandrecitehalfofJohnWayneandJimmyStewart'sdialoguefromTheManWhoShotLibertyValance！ThosememoriesaresomeofthefewIhaveoftheheatwaveof1962.They'rereallymemoriesofthescreen，notmemoriesofmylife.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文，记述了“我”对以前“热天”里的生活回忆。1.Inwhichyeardidtheauthorfirstliveinaplacewithanairconditioner?A.1952.B.1962.C.1972.D.1982.解析　事实细节题。根据第一段“Thiswas1962，and...foranothertenyears.”可知。答案　C2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph3referto?A.Theheat.B.Thetheater.C.TheMusicMan.D.TheManWhoShotLibertyValance.解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段We'dalreadyseenthesecondmovieoncebefore，因此“it”指上句中的第二部电影。答案　D★3.WhatdoweknowaboutMr.Bellow?A.Helovedchildrenverymuch.B.HewasafanofJohnWayne.C.Hesoldairconditioners.D.Hewasamoviestar.解析　推理判断题。第三段中最后一句提到第二部电影，TheManWhoShotLibertyValance自从一月份就开始在剧院上映，\n是因为Bellow先生喜欢关于在该电影出演的JohnWayne的一切，由此可推断Bellow先生是Wayne的粉丝。答案　B★4.Whydidtheauthorandhis/herbrotherseethesamemoviesseveraltimes?A.Thetwomovieswerereallywonderful.B.Theywantedtoavoidtheheatoutside.C.Themanagerofthetheaterwasfriendly.D.Theylikedthepopcornandthesodaatthetheater.解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二、三段可知，作者与他的哥哥为了避暑而重复地看电影。答案　B★5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Theauthorturnedouttobeagreatsinger.B.Theauthorenjoyedtheheatwaveof1962.C.Theauthor'slifehasbeenchangedbythetwomovies.D.Theauthorconsiderstheexperienceatthetheaterunforgettable.解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句话可以推断出答案。答案　DPassage13　(2022·湖南)话题：能源的使用词数：353Thebehaviourofabuilding'susersmaybeatleastasimportantasitsdesignwhenitcomestoenergyuse，accordingtonewresearchfromtheUKEnergyResearchCentre(UKERC).TheUKpromisestoreduceitscarbonemissions(排放)by80percentby2050，partofwhichwillbeachievedbyallnewhomesbeingzero－carbonby2022.Butthisreportshowsthatsustainablebuildingdesignonitsown—thoughextremelyimportant—isnotenoughtoachievesuchreductions：thebehaviourofthepeopleusingthebuildinghastochangetoo.Thestudysuggeststhatthewaysthatpeopleuseandliveintheirhomeshavebeenlargelyignoredbyexistingeffortstoimproveenergyefficiency(效率)，whichinsteadfocusonarchitecturalandtechnologicaldevelopments.‘Technologyisgoingtoassistbutitisnotgoingtodoeverything，’explains\nKatyJanda，aUKERCseniorresearcher，‘consumptionpatternsofbuildinguserscandefeatthemostcarefuldesign.’Inotherwords，oldhabitsdiehard，eveninthebest－designedeco－home.Anotherpartoftheproblemisinformation.Householdsandbill－payersdon'thavetheknowledgetheyneedtochangetheirenergy－usehabits.Withoutspecificinformation，it'shardtoestimatethecostsandbenefitsofmakingdifferentchoices.Feedback(反馈)facilities，likesmartmetersandenergymonitors，couldhelpbridgethisinformationgapbyhelpingpeopleseehowchangingtheirbehaviourdirectlyaffectstheirenergyuse；somestudieshaveshownthathouseholdscanachieveupto15percentenergysavingsusingsmartmeters.Socialscienceresearchhasaddedafurtherdimension(方面)，suggestingthatindividuals'behaviourinthehomecanbepersonalandcannotbepredicted—whetherpeoplethrowopentheirwindowsratherthanturndownthethermostat(恒温器)，forexample.Jandaarguesthateducationisthekey.Shecallsforafocusedprogrammetoteachpeopleaboutbuildingsandtheirownbehaviourinthem.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇科普说明文，讲到能源使用的问题，建筑物的使用者的行为至少和它的设计是一样的重要，文章通过列举研究发现的结论及相关研究者的评论，说明人们家庭对于能源的消费量直接影响我们的生活环境的质量。★1.Astoenergyuse，thenewresearchfromUKERCstressestheimportanceof.A.zero－carbonhomesB.thebehaviourofbuildingusersC.sustainablebuildingdesignD.thereductionofcarbonemissions解析　推理判断题。根据文章首句Thebehaviourofabuilding'susersmaybeatleastasimportantasitsdesignwhenitcomestoenergyuse，可知英国能源研究中心的研究表明了人们行为举止对环境的重要性，故选B。答案　B2.Theunderlinedword“which”inParagraph2refersto“.”\nA.thewaysB.theirhomesC.developmentsD.existingefforts解析　词义猜测题。该句是非限制性定语从句，which是引导词，其先行词是existingefforts，故选D。答案　D★3.WhatareKatyJanda'swordsmainlyabout?A.Theimportanceofchangingbuildingusers'habits.B.Thenecessityofmakingacarefulbuildingdesign.C.Thevarietyofconsumptionpatternsofbuildingusers.D.Theroleoftechnologyinimprovingenergyefficiency.解析　推理判断题。根据第三自然段中的consumptionpatternsofbuildinguserscandefeatthemostcarefuldesign.一句可知专家强调改变人们的家庭生活习惯的重要性，故选A。答案　A4.Theinformationgapinenergyuse.A.canbebridgedbyfeedbackfacilitiesB.affectsthestudyonenergymonitorsC.bringsaboutproblemsforsmartmetersD.willbecausedbybuildingusers'oldhabits解析　细节理解题。根据第四自然段中的Feedback(反馈)facilities，likesmartmetersandenergymonitors，couldhelpbridgethisinformationgapbyhelpingpeopleseehowchangingtheirbehaviourdirectlyaffectstheirenergyuse；可知本题选A，此处bridge是名词用作动词，“为……搭建桥梁，沟通”之意。答案　A5.Whatdoesthedimensionaddedbysocialscienceresearchsuggest?A.Thesocialscienceresearchistobefurthered.B.Theeducationprogrammeisunderdiscussion.C.Thebehaviourofbuildingusersisunpredictable.D.Thebehaviourpreferenceofbuildingusersissimilar.解析　本题考查细节理解。根据第五自然段的首句Socialscienceresearchhasadded\nafurtherdimension(方面)，suggestingthatindividuals'behaviourinthehomecanbepersonalandcannotbepredicted可知人们在家庭的行为活动是不可预知的，故选C。答案　CPassage14　(2022·四川)话题：冒险经历词数：332In1943，whenIwas4，myparentsmovedfromCoeurd'Alene，Idaho，toFairbanks，Alaska，whereadventurewasneververyfaraway.Wearrivedinthesummer，justintimetoenjoythemidnightsun.AllthatsunlightwasfantasticforMom'svegetablegarden.Workinginthegardenatmidnighttendedtothrowhertimingoff，soshedidn'tcaremuchaboutmybedtime.DadwasaRailwayExpressagentandMomwashisclerk.Thatleftmeinamess.Iusuallymanagedtofindsometroubletogetinto.OnceIhadalittlefiregoinginthedirtbasementofahotel.Ihadtriedtolightabarrel(桶)ofpaintbutcouldn'treallygetagoodfiregoing.Thesmokegotprettybad，though，andwhenImademyexit，acrowdandthepoliceweretheretogreetme.Thepolicementookmymatchesanddrovemehome.MomandDadwereoccupiedinthegardenandDadtoldthepolicetokeepme，andtheydid！IhadatouroftheprisonbeforeMomrescuedme.Ihadn'tturned5yet.AsIenteredkindergarten，theseriouscoldbegantosetin.WoulditsurpriseyoutoknowthatIsoonleftpartofmytongueonametalhandrailatschool?AsforLeonhardSeppala，famousasadogsledder(驾雪橇者)，IthinkIknewhimwellbecauseIwastakenforaridewithhiswhitedogteamoneSunday.AtthetimeIdidn'trealizewhatasuperstarhewas，butIdoremembertheridewell.Iwaswrapped(包裹)heavilyandwellshelteredfromthefreezingandblowingweather.In1950，wemovedbacktoCoeurd'Alene，butwegotonemoreAlaskanadventurewhenLeonhardinviteduseightyearslaterbypayingavisittoIdahotoattendagatheringofformerneighborsofAlaska.\n【语篇导读】　这是一篇记叙文，作者回顾了儿时在阿拉斯加的冒险经历：由于父母无暇照顾作者，他差点因点燃一个油漆桶而酿成大祸。★1.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthor'sfamily?A.Hisfatherwasacruelman.B.Hisparentsdidn'tlovehim.C.Hisparentsusedtobeverybusy.D.Hismotherdidn'thaveanyjobs.解析　推理判断题。根据第三段首句可知父母都要上班。而“Thatleftmeinamess.”的意思是“这让我处于混乱状态。”由此可以推断父母工作繁忙，没时间照管孩子。答案　C2.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwas4?A.Helearnedtosmoke.B.Hewaslockedinabasement.C.Hewasarrestedbythepolice.D.Henearlycausedafireaccident.解析　事实细节题。作者在前四段讲述的就是在地下室点火的事，那是他4岁时搬到阿拉斯加之后发生的。故选D。答案　D3.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Leonhardwasgoodatdrivingdogsleds.B.TheauthorspenthiswholechildhoodinAlaska.C.Leonhardoftenvisitedtheauthor'sfamilyafter1950.D.TheauthorsufferedalotwhiletakingthedogsledinAlaska.解析　事实细节题。由第六段可知里昂哈德是一位以驾驶雪橇而出名的人。由此可知A项正确。答案　A★4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthetext?A.Tolookbackonhischildhoodwithadventures.B.TodescribetheextremeweatherofAlaska.C.ToexpresshowmuchhemissesLeonhard.\nD.Toshowoffhisprideinmakingtrouble.解析　推理判断题。作者回忆的在阿拉斯加的几件冒险经历都是发生在童年时期的。因此答案为A。短文并没有体现出C、D两项的意思，而B项仅是短文描述的一个细节，并非作者的写作意图。答案　APassage15　(2022·陕西)话题：儿子会双语词数：346About30yearsago，IleftCubafortheUnitedStateswithmyson.AftergettingsettledfinallyinBrunswick，NewJersey，Ienrolled(注册)mysoninkindergarten.Severalweekslater，myson'steacheraskedmetomeethimathisoffice.Intheteacher'soffice，andexchangeofgreetingswasfollowedbyhisquestions:“Isyoursonmentallyretarded(弱智的)？Doeshesufferfromanykindofmentaldisability？”WashetalkingaboutmywonderfulScola?No，no，itcan'tbe.Whatahelpless，lonelymoment!ItoldhimthatScolawasaquiet，sweetlittleboy，instead.Iaskedhimwhyhewasaskingmeallthesequestions.Mysoncouldnotfollowtheteacher'sdirections，hetoldme，andthus，Scolawasdisruptingtheclass.Didn'theknowmysondidnotspeakEnglishyet?Hewasangry：“Whyhasn'tyoursonbeentaughttospeakEnglish?Don'tyouspeakEnglishathome？”No，Ididn'tspeakEnglishathome，Ireplied.IwassuremysonwouldlearnEnglishinacoupleofmonths，andIdidn'twanthimtoforgethisnativelanguage.Well，wronganswer!WhatkindofpersonwouldnotspeakinEnglishtohersonathomeandatalltime?“Areyouoneofthosepeoplewhocometothiscountrytosavedollarsandsendthembacktotheircountry，neverwantingtobeapartofthissociety？”Needlesstosay，ItriedtotellhimIwasnotoneof“thosepeople.”Thenhetoldmethemeetingwasover，andIleft.AsIhadexpected，mysonlearnedtospeakEnglishfluentlybeforetheschool\nyearwasover.Hewentontograduatefromcollegeandgotajob，earningclosetosixfigures.Hetravelswidelyandleadsawell－adjusted，contentedlife.Andhehasbenefitedfrombeingbilingual(双语的).Speakingmorethanonelanguageallowspeopletocommunicatewithothers；itteachespeopleaboutotherculturesandotherplaces—somethingverybasicandobviouslylackinginthe“educator”ImetinNewJersey.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要回忆了自己在教育孩子方面和任课老师之间发生的一个小插曲，旨在说明孩子在学会当地语言的同时，也不应忘记学习自己的母语。★1.Theteacheraskedtheauthortohisoffice.A.todiscussScola'sin－classperformanceB.togetScolaenrolledinkindergartenC.tofindalanguagepartnerforScolaD.toworkoutastudyplanforScola解析　推理判断题。根据第二段老师在办公室里问“我”的问题“Isyoursonmentallyretarded(弱智的)...”以及第四段第一句“Mysoncouldnot...disruptingtheclass.”可知，A项正确。答案　A2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disrupting”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Breaking.B.Following.C.Attending.D.Disturbing.解析　词义猜测题。由语境可知，“我”儿子没有遵守老师的指令，因此老师认为“我”儿子上课“捣乱”。故D项正确。答案　D3.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsbeingbilingualmaybestbedescribedas.A.criticalB.casualC.positiveD.passive解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“AsIhadexpected，mysonlearnedtospeakEnglishfluentlybeforetheschoolyearwasover...Andhehasbenefitedfrombeingbilingual(双语的).”可知，“我”对儿子可以学会双语持积极态度。故C项正确。答案　C\n★4.Thistextislikelytobeselectedfromabookof.A.medicineB.educationC.geographyD.history解析　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了“我”和老师在孩子教育问题上的不同看法。因此，最有可能节选自教育类的书籍。故B项正确。答案　BPassage16　(2022·浙江)话题：兔子的困境词数：505Easter(复活节)isstillagreatdayforworship，candyinbasketsandrunningaroundtheyardfindingeggs，buteveryyearitgetsquiteabitworseforbunnies.Andno，notbecausethekidsliketopulltheirears.Theculpritisclimatechange，andsomeresearchersfoundthatrisingtemperaturesarehavingharmfuleffectsonatleastfivespeciesofrabbitintheUS.TaketheLowerKeysMarshrabbit，forinstance.AnendangeredspeciesthatlivesintheLowerFloridaKeys，thisspeciesofcottontailisagreatswimmer—itlivesontheislands！—butitisalreadyseverelyaffectedbydevelopmentandnowbyrisingsealevels.AccordingtotheCenterforBiologicalDiversity，anoceanlevelriseofonly0.6meterswillsendtheseguysjumpingtohighergroundanda0.9－meterrisewouldwipeouttheirhabitat(栖息地)completely.Thesnowshoehare，ontheotherhand，hasacolorissue.Mostoftheserabbitschangetheirfurcolorfromwhiteinthewintertimetobrowninthesummer，eachdesignedtogivethembettercoverfrompredators(捕食者).Asthenumberofdayswithsnowdecreasesallacrossthecountry，however，moreandmorebunniesarebeingleftinwhitefurduringbrowndirtdaysofbothfallandspring，makingthemaneasiermarkforpredators.Researchersknowthatthecolorchangeiscontrolledbythenumberofhoursofsunlight，butwhethertherabbitwillbeabletoadaptquickenoughtosurviveisabigquestion.TheNationalWildlifeFederationhasreportedthathuntershavenoticedtheirnumbersarealreadymarkedlydown.\nAmericanpikasorrockrabbits，arelativeofrabbitsandhares，mightbethefirstofthesespeciestogoextinctduetoclimatechange.About7－8incheslong，pikaslivehighinthecool，dampmountainswestoftheRockyMountains.Asglobaltemperaturesrise，theywouldnaturallymigrate(迁移)tohigherground—buttheyalreadyoccupythemountaintops.Theycan'tgoanyhigher.TheNationalWildlifeFederationreportsthattheymightnotbeabletostandthenewtemperaturesastheirhabitatheatsup.Thevolcanorabbithasthesameproblem.TheserabbitsliveontheslopesofvolcanoesinMexico，andrecentstudieshaveshownthatthelowerrangeoftheirhabitathasalreadyshiftedupwardabout700meters，buttherearenotsuitableplantsforthemtomovehigher，sotheyarestuckinthemiddle.Scientistsareconcernedabouttheirpopulations.NativetotheUS，pygmyrabbitsweighlessthan1poundandliveintheAmericanWest.Theyarebelievedtobethesmallestrabbitsintheworld.Theirhabitatshavebeendestroyedbydevelopment.Severalpopulations，suchastheColumbiaBasinpygmy，almostwentextinctandweresavedbyzoobreedingprograms.Pygmyrabbitsalsorelyonwintercoverbydiggingtunnelsthroughthesnowtoescapepredators，butlessersnowfallisleavingthemexposed.AllofthisgivesnewmeaningtodressingupinagiantbunnycostumethisEaster.【语篇导读】　复活节的兔子本应该是很喜庆的动物，但由于气候的变化，很多兔子都面临灭绝的危险。那么，它们到底有着怎样的困境呢？让我们通过读文章去了解一下吧。★1.ThewritermentionsEasteratthebeginningofthepassageinorderto.A.showtheimportanceofEasterDayB.introducetheissueaboutbunniesC.remindpeopleofEastertraditionsD.discusstherelationshipbetweenEasterandbunnies解析　推理判断题。由文章第一段中的“getsquiteabitworseforbunnies”和第二段中的“Andno，notbecausethekidsliketopulltheirears.”可推知，第一段提到复活节的目的在于引出关于兔子的话题，故答案选B项。答案　B\n2.Theword“culprit”(Paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningto.A.criminalB.judgeC.victimD.producer解析　词义猜测题。由文章第二段中的“Andno，notbecausethekidsliketopulltheirears.”和“isclimatechange”，以及下文中多次提到兔子们遭遇的困境可知，这里的culprit应该意为“罪魁祸首，灾难制造者”，所以答案选A项。答案　A★3.Accordingtothepassage，somerabbitscannowbeeasilydiscoveredbypredatorsbecausethey.A.areexposedtomoreskillfulhuntersB.havemovedtohabitatswithfewerplantsC.haven'tadaptedthemselvestoclimatechangeD.can'tchangetheirfurcolorintowhiteinthefallandthespring解析　推理判断题。由第二段可知，一些兔子会受气候的影响。另外，第三段提到“LowerKeysMarshrabbit(湿地兔)”和第四段提到的“snowshoehare(雪兔)”都反映出它们对环境变化的不适应才是造成它们被轻易发现的原因，所以答案选C项。答案　C4.Theproblemfacedbyvolcanorabbitsandrockrabbitsisthat.A.bothareaffectedbylesssnowB.bothareaffectedbyrisingsealevelsC.neithercanfindenoughfoodD.neithercanmigratetohigherplaces解析　细节理解题。由第五段中的“theywouldnaturallymigrate(迁移)tohigherground－butthey..Theycan'tgoanyhigher.”和第六段中的“buttherearenotsuitableplantsforthemtomovehigher”可知，这两种兔子濒临灭绝的原因在于它们都无法进一步向更高的地方迁徙。所以答案选D项。答案　D★5.Whichbestdescribesthewriter'stoneinthepassage?A.Approving.B.Concerned.C.Enthusiastic.D.Doubtful.解析　推理判断题。由第一段中的“getsquiteabitworsefor\nbunnies”以及全文作者对兔子遭遇的表述可以推出，作者对一些兔子濒临灭绝的现状表示了关心和关注(concerned)，所以选B项。答案　B考点四　词义猜测题Passage1　(2022·安徽)话题：小蚂蚁大力量词数：288Thereareanextremelylargenumberofantsworldwide.Eachindividual(个体的)anthardlyweighanything,butputtogethertheyweighroughlythesameasallofmankind.Theyalsolivenearlyeverywhere,exceptonfrozenmountaintopsandaroundthepoles.Foranimalstheirsize,antshavebeenastonishinglysuccessful,largelyduetotheirwonderfulsocialbehavior.Incolonies(群体)thatrangeinsizefromafewhundredtotensofmillions,theyorganizetheirliveswithacleardivisionoflabor.Evenmoreamazingishowtheyachievethisleveloforganization.Whereweusesoundandsighttocommunicate,antsdependprimarilyonpheromones(外激素),chemicalssentoutbyindividualsandsmelledortastedbyfellowmembersoftheircolony.Whenanantfindsfood,itproducesapheromonethatwillleadothersstraighttowherethefoodis.Whenanindividualantcomesunderattackorisdying,itsendsoutanalarmpheromonetowarnthecolonytoprepareforaconflictasadefenseunit.Infact,whenitcomestotheartofwar,antshavenoequal.Theyarecompletelyfearlessandwillreadilytakeonacreaturemuchlargerthanthemselves,attackinginlargegroupsandovercomingtheirtarget.Suchistheirdevotiontothecommongoodofthecolonythatnotonlysoldierantsbutalsoworkerantswillsacrificetheirlivestohelpdefeatanenemy.Behavinginthisselflessanddevotedmanner,theselittlecreatureshavesurvivedonEarth,formorethan140millionyears,farlongerthandinosaurs.Becausetheythinkasone,theyhaveacollective(集体的)intelligencegreaterthanyouwouldexpectfromitsindividualparts.【语篇导读】　文章主要讲的是蚂蚁。单个的蚂蚁显得微不足道\n，但成群结队的蚂蚁却蕴含着巨大的力量。蚂蚁的数量之众，加起来可以与人类的重量相媲美。蚂蚁分布极为广泛，除了寒冷的山顶和两极地区，几乎到处都有它们的踪影。因为他们集体的智慧远远大于人们的预期。1.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatantsare.A.notwillingtosharefoodB.notfoundaroundthepolesC.moresuccessfulthanallotheranimalsD.toomanytoachieveanyleveloforganization解析　考查细节理解。由第一段exceptonfrozenmountaintopsandaroundthepoles可知。答案　B2.Antscanusepheromonesfor.A.escapeB.communicationC.warningenemiesD.arranginglabor解析　考查细节理解。由第二段Whereweusesoundandsighttocommunicate,antsdependprimarilyonpheromone可知。答案　B★3.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“takeon”inParagraph3mean?A.Accept.B.Employ.C.Playwith.D.Fightagainst.解析　考查词义猜测。根据下文的attack和defeat可知。答案　D4.Whichofthefollowingcontributesmosttothesurvivalofants?A.Theirbehavior.B.Theirsize.C.Theirnumber.D.Theirweight解析　考查推理判断。由Behavinginthisselflessanddevotedmanner可知。答案　APassage2　(2022·湖北)话题：自给种植词数：369\nWhatTheresaLoeisdoingprovesthatalargefarmisn'taprerequisiteforamoderngrow－your－ownlifestyle.Onamere1/10ofanacreinLosAngeles，Loeandherfamilygrow，can(装罐)andpreservemuchofthefoodtheyconsume.Loeisamasterfoodpreserver，gardenerandcanningexpert.Shealsooperatesawebsite，wheresheshareshertipsandrecipes，withthegoalofdemonstratingthateveryonehastheabilitytocontrolwhat'sontheirplate.Loeinitiallywenttoschooltobecomeanengineer，butshequicklylearnedthatherenthusiasmwasmainlyaboutgrowingandpreparingherownfood.“Igotintocookingmyownfoodandstartedgrowingmyownherbs(香草)andfoodsforthatfreshflavor，”shesaid.Engineerbyday，Loelearnedcookingatnightschool.Sheultimatelypurchasedasmallpieceoflandwithherhusbandandbegangrowingtheirownfoods.“Iteachpeoplehowtolivefarm－freshwithoutafarm.”Locsaid.ThroughherwebsiteLocemphasizesthat“anybodycandothisanywhere.”Gotanapartmentwithabalcony(阳台)？Plantsomeherbs.Awindow？Perfectspotforgrowing.Startwithherbs，sherecommends，because“they'reveryforgiving.”Justalittleoftheherbs“cantakeyourregularcookingtoawholenewlevel.”sheadded.“Ithinkit'sagreatplacetostart.”Then？Trygrowingsomethingfromaseed，shesaid，likeatomatoorsometea.Canningisanaturalextensionoftheplantingshedoes.Witheveryplantedfood.Loenoted，there'samomentwhenit'sburstingwithitsabsolutepeakflavor.“Itryandkeepitinatimecapsuleinacanningjar.”Loesaid.“Canningformeisaboutknowingwhat'sinyourfood，knowingwhereitcomesfrom.”Inadditiontobeingmoreintouchwiththefoodshe'seating，anotherjoycomesfrompassingthisknowledgeandthisdesireforgoodfoodtoherchildren:“Influencingthemandtellingthemyouropiniononnotonlybeingcarefulwhatweeatbutunderstandingthebiggerpicture.”shesaid，“thatifwedon'ttakecareoftheearth，noonewill.”【语篇导读】　自给自足不一定有大农场。Leo和家人种植、罐装、存储他们消费的食物。\n★1.Theunderlinedword“prerequisite”(Paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto“”.A.recipeB.substituteC.requirementD.challenge解析　猜测词义题。TheresaLeo的所作所为证实一个大农场并不是现代化的自给自足生活方式的必要条件，即要求，选C。答案　C2.WhydoesLoesuggeststartingwithherbs?A.Theyareuseddaily.B.Theyareeasytogrow.C.Theycangrowverytall.D.Theycanbeeatenuncooked.解析　细节理解题。由第四段anybodycandothisanywhere.可知，很容易种植。答案　B3.AccordingtoLoe，whatisthebenefitofcanningherplantedfoods?A.Itcanpreservetheirbestflavor.B.Itcanpromoteheronlinesales.C.Itcanbetterhercookingskills.D.Itcanimprovetheirnutrition.解析　推理判断题。由第五段There'samomentwhenitisburstingwithitsabsolutepeakflavor.迸发出极佳的味道。由此可知，罐装食品能够保存极佳的味道。答案　A4.Whatisthe“thebiggerpicture”(Para.6)thatLoewishesherchildrentounderstand?A.Theknowledgeaboutgoodfood.B.Thewaytoliveagrow－our－ownlife.C.Thejoyofgettingintouchwithfoods.D.Theresponsibilitytoprotectourearth.解析　推理判断题。that引导同位语从句，ifwedon'ttakecareoftheearth，noonewill。解释、说明先行词thebiggerpicture，说明保护地球的责任。\n答案　DPassage3　(2022·四川)话题：父亲的蔬菜词数：299NothingcouldstopDad.Afterhewasputondisabilityforabadback,heboughtasmallfarminthecountry,justenoughtogrowfoodforthefamily.Heplantedvegetables,fruittreesandevenkeptbeesforhoney.AndeveryweekhecleanedOldManMcColgin'schickenhouseinexchangeformanure(肥料).Thesmellreallyburnedtheinsideofyournose.Whenwecomplainedabouttheterriblesmell,Dadsaidthestrongerthemanure,thehealthierthecrops,andhewasright.Forexample,justoneofhiscantaloupesfilledtheentirehousewithitssweetsmell,andthetastewasevensweeter.Asthevegetablesstartedcomingin,Dadthrewhimselfintocooking.Oneday,armedwithabasketofvegetables,heannouncedhewasgoingtomakestew(炖菜).Dadpulledoutapressurecookerandfilleditupwithcabbages,eggplants,potatoes,corns,onionsandcarrots.Forabouthalfanhour，thepressurebuiltandthevegetablescooked.Finally,Dadturnedoffthestove,thepotbegantocoolandthepressurereliefvalvesprayedoutacloudofsteam.IfwethoughtDad'spileofchickenmanurewasbad,thiswas10timesworse.WhenDadtookoffthelid,thesmellnearlyknockedusout.Dadcarriedthepotoutandweopeneddoorsandwindowstoairoutthehouse.Justhowbadwasit?Theneighborscameoutoftheirhousestoseeifwehadagasleak!Determined,Dadfilledourplateswithsteamingstewandpassedthemaround.Itdidn'tlookthatbad,andafterthefirstwavehadshutdownmyabilitytosmell,itdidn'toffendthenosesomuch,either.Itookataste.Itwouldneverwinaprizeinacookingcompetition,butitwassurprisinglyedible,andwedrankupeverylastdropofsoup.【语篇导读】　本文主要讲述了作者的父亲买了一个小农场，在里面种满了各种蔬菜、果树甚至还养了蜜蜂。但作者的父亲收获的时候，他炖了一锅蔬菜，闻到味道时，作者和其他人觉得烧得很糟糕，但是最后全部都吃光了。\n1.WhydidDadcleanOldManMcColgin'schickenhouseregularly?A.Toearnsomemoneyforthefamily.B.Tocollectmanureforhiscrops.C.Togetridoftheterriblesmell.D.Tosetagoodexampletous.解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的AndeveryweekhecleanedOldManMcColgin'schickenhouseinexchangeformanure(肥料).可知是为了收集肥料。答案　B2.WhatcanweinferaboutDad'sstew?A.Itispopularamongtheneighbors.B.Itcontainshoneyandvegetables.C.Itlooksverywonderful.D.Ittastesquitedelicious.解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的wedrankupeverylastdropofsoup.可知选择D。意为父亲的炖菜非常美味。答案　D★3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offend”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Toattract.B.Toupset.C.Toair.D.Toshut.解析　词义判断题。根据文章上文的thefirstwavehadshutdownmyabilitytosmell可知，此处指的是鼻子闻不到那种味道，意为搅乱。答案　B4.WhatcanwelearnaboutDadfromthetext?A.Heisanexperiencedcook.B.Heisatroublesomefather.C.Hehasapositiveattitudetolife.D.Hesuffersalotfromhisdisability.解析　推理判断题。根据文中内容可知，父亲在背部受伤后，不愿意休息，而是自己经营着小农场，而且在收获后，还自己种菜。可知父亲对生活有着积极的态度。答案　C\nPassage4　(2022·天津)话题：勇气的力量词数：348OncewhenIwasfacingadecisionthatinvolvedhighrisk,Iwenttoafriend.Helookedatmeforamoment,andthenwroteasentencecontainingthebestadviceI'veeverhad:Beboldandbrave—andmighty(强大的)forceswillcometoyouraid.ThosewordsmademeseeclearlythatwhenIhadfallenshortinthepast,itwasseldombecauseIhadtriedandfailed.ItwasusuallybecauseIhadletfearoffailurestopmefromtryingatall.Ontheotherhand,wheneverIhadplungedintodeepwater,forcedbycourageorcircumstance,IhadalwaysbeenabletoswimuntilIgotmyfeetonthegroundagain.Boldnessmeansadecisiontobiteoffmorethanyouaresureyoucaneat.Andthereisnothingmysteriousaboutthemightyforces.Theyarepotentialpowerswepossess:energy,skill,soundjudgment,creativeideas—evenphysicalstrengthgreaterthanmostofusrealize.Admittedly,thosemightyforcesarespiritualones.Buttheyaremoreimportantthanphysicalones.Acollegeclassmateofmine,Tim,wasanexcellentfootballplayer,eventhoughheweighedmuchlessthantheaverageplayer.“InonegameIsuddenlyfoundmyselfconfrontingahugeplayer,whohadnothingbutmebetweenhimandourgoalline，”saidTim.“IwassofrightenedthatIclosedmyeyesanddesperatelythrewmyselfatthatguylikeabullet(子弹)—andstoppedhimcold.”Boldness—awillingnesstoextendyourselftotheextreme—isnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight.Butitcanbetaughttochildrenanddevelopedinadults.Confidencebuildsup.Surely,therewillbesetbacks(挫折)anddisappointmentsinlife;boldnessinitselfisnoguaranteeofsuccess.Butthepersonwhotriestodosomethingandfailsisalotbetteroffthanthepersonwhotriestodonothingandsucceeds.So,alwaystrytolivealittlebitbeyondyourabilities—andyou'llfindyourabilitiesaregreaterthanyoueverdreamed.\n【语篇导读】　本文是一篇议论文。主要谈论的是如何做才能变得勇敢。勇敢不可能突然一下子就能得到，它需要一个逐渐培养的过程。1.Whywastheauthorsometimesunabletoreachhisgoalinthepast?A.Hefacedhugerisks.B.Helackedmightyforces.C.Fearpreventedhimfromtrying.D.Failureblockedhiswaytosuccess.解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的ItwasusuallybecauseIhadletfearoffailurestopmefromtryingatall.可知，作者过去不能实现自己的目标是因为恐惧使自己不敢尝试，从而导致失败。答案　C2.Whatistheimpliedmeaningoftheunderlinedpart?A.Swallowmorethanyoucandigest.B.Actslightlyaboveyourabilities.C.Developmoremysteriouspowers.D.Learntomakecreativedecisions.解析　词义猜测题。根据前面的Boldness和后面的greaterthanmostofusrealize可判断出，画线部分的意思是“勇敢地采取超出自己能力的行动”。答案　B3.WhatwasespeciallyimportantforTim'ssuccessfuldefenseinthefootballgame?A.Hisphysicalstrength.B.Hisbasicskill.C.Hisrealfear.D.Hisspiritualforce.解析　细节判断题。第四段以蒂姆成功的例子来说明thosemightyforcesarespiritualones，也就是说蒂姆在足球比赛中成功防御主要是依靠他的精神力量。故答案为D。答案　D4.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph5?A.Confidencegrowsmorerapidlyinadults.B.Tryingwithoutsuccessismeaningless.C.Repeatedfailurecreatesabetterlife.D.Boldnesscanbegainedlittlebylittle.解析　细节判断题。根据第五段第一、二句话可知，勇敢不可能突然一下子就能得到的，\n它要有一个逐渐培养的过程。答案　D5.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toencouragepeopletobecourageous.B.Toadvisepeopletobuildupphysicalpower.C.Totellpeoplethewaystoguaranteesuccess.D.Torecommendpeopletodevelopmoreabilities.解析　目的意图题。第一段点明文章的主旨：Beboldandbrave，后面的段落对这一中心话题详细论述，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是激励人们要大胆、勇敢。答案　APassage5　(2022·陕西)话题：父母参与与孩子成绩词数：295Parentswhohelptheirchildrenwithhomeworkmayactuallybebringingdowntheirschoolgrades.Otherformsofparentalinvolvement,includingvolunteeringatschoolandobservingachild'sclass，alsofailtohelp，accordingtothemostrecentstudyonthetopic.Thefindingschallengeakeyprincipleofmodernparenting(养育子女)whereschoolsexpectthemtoactaspartnersintheirchildren'seducation.Previousgenerationsconcentratedongettingchildrentoschoolontime,fed，dressedandreadytolearn.KeithRobinson，theauthorofthestudy，said，“Ireallydon'tknowifthepublicisreadyforthisbuttherearesomewaysparentscanbeinvolvedintheirkids'educationthatleadstodeclinesintheiracademicperformance.Oneofthethingsthatwasconsistentlynegativewasparents'helpwithhomework.”Robinsonsuggestedthatmaybebecauseparentsthemselvesstruggletounderstandthetasks.“Theymayeithernotrememberthematerialtheirkidsarestudyingnow，orinsomecasesneverlearntitthemselves，butthey'restillofferingadvice.”Robinsonassessedparentalinvolvementperformanceandfoundoneofthemostdamagingthingsaparentcoulddowastopunishtheirchildrenforpoormarks.In\ngeneral，about20%ofparentalinvolvementwaspositive，about45%negativeandthereststatisticallyinsignificant.Commonsensesuggestsitwasagoodthingforparentstogetinvolvedbecause“childrenwithgoodacademicsuccessdohaveinvolvedparents”，admittedRobinson.Buthearguedthatthisdidnotproveparentalinvolvementwastherootcauseofthatsuccess.“AbigsurprisewasthatAsian－Americanparentswhosekidsaredoingsowellinschoolhardlyinvolved.Theytookamorereasonableapproach，conveyingtotheirchildrenhowsuccessatschoolcouldimprovetheirlives.”【语篇导读】　本文是一篇议论文。最新研究表明，父母的参与并不能提高孩子的成绩。★1.Theunderlinedexpression“parentalinvolvement”inParagraph1probablymeans.A.parents'expectationonchildren'shealthB.parents'participationinchildren'seducationC.parents'controloverchildren'slifeD.parents'planforchildren'sfuture解析　词义猜测题。根据文章的第一句可知，帮助孩子做家庭作业的家长也许真的会让孩子的成绩下降。其他形式的参与也没有多大帮助。involvement涉及；卷入，对应B项中的participation一词。答案　B2.WhatisthemajorfindingofRobinson'sstudy?A.Modernparentsraisechildreninamorescientificway.B.Punishingkidsforbadmarksismentallydamaging.C.Parentalinvolvementisnotsobeneficialasexpected.D.Parentsarenotabletohelpwithchildren'shomework.解析　推理判断题。从第四段中提供的Robinson调查数据表明：只有20%的父母参与是积极的，而45%的参与是消极的，还有剩下的数据表明，父母的参与没有意义，因此可以看出，父母的参与并不像我们想象的那样有好处。答案　C3.TheexampleofAsian－Americanparentsimpliesthatparentsshould.A.helpchildrenrealizetheimportanceofschooling\nB.setaspecificlifegoalfortheirchildrenC.spendmoretimeimprovingtheirownlivesD.takeamoreactivepartinschoolmanagement解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话可知，一些亚洲裔美国人父母提出了更合理的方式，他们向自己的孩子传达学校里的成功能怎么样影响他们的未来生活。也就是帮助孩子意识到学校成功的重要性。答案　APassage6　(2022·天津)话题：回归健康词数：366Peoplearen'twalkinganymore—iftheycanfigureoutawaytoavoidit.IfeltsuperioraboutthismatteruntiltheotherdayItookmycartomailasmallparcel.Thejourneyisamatterof281steps.ButIusedthecar.AndIwasn'tinanyhurry，either.Ihadmerelybecomeonemorevictimofanationalsickness：motorosis.ItisanillnesstowhichIhadthoughtmyselfimmune(免疫的)，forIwasbredinthetraditionofgoingtoplacesonmyowntwolegs.Atthattime，weregarded25milesasagoodday'swalkandtheabilitytocoversuchadistanceintenhoursasasignofstrengthandskill.Itdidnotoccurtousthatwalkingwasahardship.Andtheeffectwaslasting.WhenIwas45yearsoldIraced—andbeat—ateenagefootballplayerthe168stepsuptheStatueofLiberty.Suchenterprisestodayareregardedbymanymiddle－agedpersonsasbadfortheheart.Butawell－knownBritishphysician，SirAdolpheAbrahams，pointedoutrecentlythatheartsandbodiesneedproperexercise.Apersonwhoavoidsexerciseismorelikelytohaveillnessesthanonewhoexercisesregularly.Andwalkingisanidealformofexercise—themostfamiliarandnaturalofall.ItwasHenryThoreauwhoshowedmankindtherichnessofgoingonfoot.Themanwalkingcanlearnthetrees，flowers，insects，birdsandanimals，thesignificanceofseasons，theveryfeelofhimselfasalivingcreatureinalivingworld.Hecannotlearninacar.\nThecarisaconvenientmeansoftransport，butwehavemadeitourwayoflife.Manypeopledon'tdaretoapproachNatureanymore；tothemtheworldtheywereborntoenjoyisallthreat.Tothemsecurityisasteelriverthunderingonaconcreteroad.Andmuchoftheirthinkingtakesplacewhilewaitingforthetrafficlighttoturngreen.Isaythatthegreenofforestsisthemind'sbestlight.Andnonebutthemanonfootcanevaluatewhatisbasicandeverlasting.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇议论文。主要强调现代人过度依赖交通工具，而忽略了最好的锻炼方式——步行，作者呼吁大家改掉动辄坐车开车的坏毛病，返璞归真，回归自然健康的生活方式。1.Whatisthenationalsickness?A.Walkingtoomuch.B.Travelingtoomuch.C.Drivingcarstoomuch.D.Climbingstairstoomuch.解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二自然段最后一句可知。答案　C2.Whatwaslifelikewhentheauthorwasyoung?A.Peopleusuallywentaroundonfoot.B.Peopleoftenwalked25milesaday.C.PeopleusedtoclimbtheStatueofLiberty.D.Peopleconsideredaten－hourwalkasahardship.解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三自然段第三句话“Atthattime，weregarded25milesasagoodday'swalkandtheabilitytocoversuchadistanceintenhoursasasignofstrengthandskill.”可知。答案　A3.TheauthormentionsHenryThoreautoprovethat.A.middle－agedpeoplelikegettingbacktonatureB.walkinginnaturehelpsenrichone'smindC.peopleneedregularexercisetokeepfit\nD.goingonfootpreventsheartdisease解析　推理判断题。议论文中的例子是为论点服务的。前文提到步行是很好的锻炼方式，后文引用HenryThoreau的话来说明该观点的重要性。答案　B★4.Whatiscomparedto“asteelriver”inParagraph6?A.Aqueueofcars.B.Arayoftrafficlight.C.Aflashoflightning.D.Astreamofpeople.解析　词义猜测题。本段第一句话提到车辆是一种便捷的交通方式，但我们却把它当成了我们的生活方式。很多人不敢接近自然，对他们而言，只有这种在水泥路面上呼啸而过的“钢铁之河”才能给他们安全感，因而，此处的“钢铁之河”应是指车流。答案　A5.Whatistheauthor'sintentionofwritingthispassage?A.Totellpeopletoreflectmoreonlife.B.Torecommendpeopletogiveupdriving.C.Toadvisepeopletodooutdooractivities.D.Toencouragepeopletoreturntowalking.解析　主旨大意题。作者写作此议论文的目的就是呼吁人们回归最自然的锻炼方式——步行。故选D。该题易错选B，但文章不仅建议人们放弃开车，而且呼吁人们放弃坐车，摆脱对车辆的依赖，并推荐了步行的方式，故排除B。答案　DPassage7　(2022·大纲全国)话题：美国孩子学汉语词数：302Oneofthelatesttrends(趋势)inAmericanChildcareisChineseaupairs.AuPairinStamford，Conn.，forexample，hasgotincreasingnumbersofrequestsforChineseaupairsfromzerotoaround4，000since2022.Andthat'strueallacrossthecountry.“IthoughtitwouldbeveryusefulforhimtolearnChineseatanearlyage，”JosephStocke，themanagingdirectorofacompany，saysofhis2－year－oldson.“Iwouldatleastliketogivehimthechancetousethelanguageinthe\nfuture.”Afteronlysixmonthsofbeingcaredforbya25－year－oldwomanfromChina，theboycanalreadyunderstandbasicChinesedailyexpressions，hisdadsays.LiDrake，aChinesenativeraisingtwochildreninMinnesotawithanAmericanhusband，hadanotherreasonforlookingforanaupairfromChina：Shedidn'twantherchildrentomissoutontheirroots.“BecauseIamChinese，myhusbandandIwantedthechildrentokeepexposedto(接触)thelanguageandculture(文化)，”shesays.“Stayingwithanativespeakerisbetterforchildrenthansimplysittinginaclassroom，”saysSuzanneFlynn，aprofessorinlanguageeducationofchildren.“Butparentsmustunderstandthatjustoneyearwithanaupairisunlikelytoproducewonders.Completemasterydemandscontinuedlearninguntiltheageof10or12.”ThepopularityofaupairsfromChinahasbeenstrengthenedbytheincreasingnumbersofAmericanparentswhowanttheirchildrentolearnChinese.ItisexpectedthatAmericandemandforaupairswillcontinuetoriseinthenextfewyears.【语篇导读】　本文讲到了美国现在存在的一种趋势，即越来越多的美国人想找中国女佣照顾孩子，以利于孩子学习汉语。★1.Whatdoestheterm“aupair”inthetextmean?A.Amotherraisingherchildrenonherown.B.Ayoungforeignwomantakingcareofchildren.C.Aprofessorinlanguageeducationofchildren.D.Achildlearningaforeignlanguageathome.解析　词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中“Afteronlysixmonthsofbeingcaredforby25－year－oldwoman...dailyexpressions”和第三段中“...hadanotherreasonforlookingforanaupairfromChina”和第四段中“Stayingwithanative...inaclassroom”可知“aupair”是照顾孩子的外国年轻女佣，故D项正确。答案　D2.LiDrakehasherchildrenstudyChinesebecauseshewantsthem.A.toliveinChinasomedayB.tospeakthelanguageathomeC.tocatchupwithotherchildren\nD.tolearnabouttheChineseculture解析　事实细节题。根据文章第三段中“BecauseIamChinese...thelanguageandculture.”可知LiDrake让孩子学习汉语是想使他们了解中国文化。故D项正确。答案　D3.HowcanchildrenlearnaforeignlanguagebestaccordingtoFlynn?A.Fromtheirparents.B.Byattendingclasses.C.Fromanativespeaker.D.Bystartingatanearlyage.解析　细节理解题。由短文第四段第一句“‘Stayingwitha...’；saysSuzanneFlynn...”可知C项为正确答案，并由此排除B项；A、D两项均非Flynn的观点。答案　C4.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.LearningChineseisbecomingpopularinAmerica.B.Educatedwomandobetterinlookingafterchildren.C.ChineseaupairsneedtoimprovetheirEnglishskills.D.Childrencanlearnaforeignlanguagewellinsixmonths.解析　推理判断题。越来越多的美国人请中国年轻女佣照顾孩子以利于孩子学汉语，所以汉语学习在美国变得很受欢迎。故A正确。答案　APassage8　(2022·新课标全国Ⅰ)话题：旅鸽的历史词数：333Passengerpigeons(旅鸽)onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks(群)solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint，thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons—anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates，makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecome\nsmaller，aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles(about515kilometers)longwasseennearCincinnati.Sadly，theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant，peoplebelievedtherewasanever－lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain，waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed，thenthrewlargenetsoverthem，takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury，thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans'needforwood，whichscattered(驱散)theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth，wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone，nevertobeseenagain.In1897，thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons，butbythen，nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty，Ohio，in1900.Foratime，afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem，knownaffectionatelyasMartha，diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1，1914.【语篇导读】　本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。1.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies，passengerpigeons.A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS解析　事实细节题。根据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪，美国大群的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时，所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，故选D。答案　D★2.Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons'.A.escapeB.ruin\nC.liberationD.evolution解析　词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“Wherethebirdswereabundant...bythethousands”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀，所以ruin和undoing词义相似，故选B。答案　B3.Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?A.Toseekpleasure.B.Tosaveotherbirds.C.Tomakemoney.D.Toprotectcrops.解析　事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“Commercialhuntersattractedthem...soldinrestaurants”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。故选C。答案　C4.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?A.Itwasignoredbythepublic.B.Itwasdeclaredtoolate.C.Itwasunfair.D.Itwasstrict.解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“In1897，thestateof...for10years”可知通过法律后的10年，鸽群数量仍然不多，所以制定法律为时已晚，故选B。答案　BPassage9　(2022·广东)话题：善举的传播词数：379Itwasacoldwinterday.AwomandroveuptotheRainbowBridgetollbooth(收费站).“I'mpayingformyself，andforthesixcarsbehindme，”shesaidwithasmile，handingoverseventickets.Oneafteranother，thenextsixdriversarrivingatthetollboothwereinformed，“Someladyupaheadalreadypaidyourfare.”Itturnedoutthatthewoman，NatalieSmith，hadreadsomethingonafriend'srefrigerator：“Practicerandomkindnessandsenselessactsofbeauty.”Thephraseimpressedhersomuchthatshecopieditdown.JudyForemanspottedthesamephraseonawarehousewallfarawayfromhome.Whenitstayedonhermindfordays，shegaveupanddroveallthewaybacktocopyit\ndown.“Ithoughtitwasbeautiful，”shesaid，explainingwhyshe'dtakentowritingitatthebottomofallherletters，“likeamessagefromabove.”Herhusband，Frank，likedthephrasesomuchthatheputitupontheclassroomwallforhisstudents，oneofwhomwasthedaughterofAliceJohnson，alocalnewsreporter.Aliceputitinthenewspaper，admittingthatthoughshelikedit，shedidn'tknowwhereitcamefromorwhatitreallymeant.Twodayslater，AlicegotacallfromAnneHerbert，awomanlivinginMarin.ItwasinarestaurantthatAnnewrotethephrasedownonapieceofpaper，afterturningitaroundinhermindfordays.“Here'stheidea，”Annesays.“Anythingyouthinkthereshouldbemoreof，doitrandomly.”Herfantasiesincludepaintingtheclassroomsofshabbyschools，leavinghotmealsonkitchentablesinthepoorpartoftown，andgivingmoneysecretlytoaproudoldlady.Annesays，“Kindnesscanbuildonitselfasmuchasviolencecan.”Theactsofrandomkindnessspread.Ifyouwereoneofthosedriverswhofoundyourfarepaid，whoknowswhatyoumighthavebeeninspiredtodoforsomeoneelselater.Likeallgreatevents，kindnessbeginsslowly，witheverysingleact.Letitbeyours!【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文，记述了“随意的善举是可以传播的”的感人故事。1.WhydidNatalieSmithpayforthesixcarsbehindher?A.Sheknewthecardriverswell.B.Shewantedtoshowkindness.C.Shehopedtopleaseothers.D.Shehadseventickets.解析　事实细节题。第一段说NatalieSmith为其后面的六辆车交费，是她因看到的“Practicerandomkindnessandsenselessactsofbeauty”这句话给了她深刻印象，她是受这句话的启发，“想给他人施恩”，故选B。答案　B2.JudyForemancopieddownthephrasebecauseshe.A.thoughtitwasbeautifullywritten\nB.wantedtoknowwhatitreallymeantC.decidedtowriteitonawarehousewallD.wantedherhusbandtoputitupintheclassroom解析　事实细节题。由第三段第三句“Ithoughtitwasbeautiful，”shesaid，explainingwhyshe'dtakentowritingitatthebottomofallherletters可知，选A。答案　A3.Whocameupwiththephraseaccordingtothepassage?A.JudyForeman.B.NatalieSmith.C.AliceJohnson.D.AnneHerbert.解析　事实细节题。由第四段中的“ItwasinarestaurantthatAnnewrotethephrasedownonapieceofpaper”可知，是AnneHerbert想出这句话来的。答案　D★4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedsentenceabove?A.Kindnessandviolencecanchangetheworld.B.Kindnessandviolencecanaffectone'sbehavior.C.Kindnessandviolencecanreproducethemselves.D.Kindnessandviolencecanshapeone'scharacter.解析　词义猜测题。本段中先是AnneHerbert解释她想出的那句话意为：你认为(生活中或世界上)应该多一些存在的事，那么你就随意去做这样的事。接着说她想象中的这类事包括“给破旧教室粉刷墙”“在穷人区的厨房里留下热饭”等善举。那么该段结尾的话“善举和暴力一样可以在它们自己的基础上建立起来”，可知“善举同暴力一样是可以自我繁衍的”，故选C。答案　C5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Peopleshouldpracticerandomkindnesstothoseinneed.B.Peoplewhoreceivekindnessarelikelytoofferittoothers.C.Peopleshouldpracticerandomkindnesstostrangerstheymeet.D.Peoplewhoreceivekindnessarelikelytopayitbacktothegiver.\n解析　推理判断题。由最后一段的第一和第二句可以推知：受到恩惠的人很可能会施惠于他人，将恩惠传播下去。答案　BPassage10　(2022·湖北)话题：狒狒的发现词数：344Workingwithagroupofbaboons(狒狒)intheNamibiandesert，Dr.AleciaCarteroftheDepartmentofZoology，CambridgeUniversitysetbaboonslearningtasksinvolvinganovelfoodandafamiliarfoodhiddeninabox.Somebaboonsweregiventhechancetowatchanotherbaboonwhoalreadyknewhowtosolvethetask，whileothershadtolearnforthemselves.Toworkouthowbraveoranxiousthebaboonswere，Dr.Carterpresentedthemeitherwithanovelfoodorathreatintheformofamodelofapoisonoussnake.Shefoundthatpersonalityhadamajorimpactonlearning.Thebraverbaboonslearnt，buttheshyonesdidnotlearnthetaskalthoughtheywatchedthebaboonperformthetaskoffindingthenovelfoodjustaslongasthebraveonesdid.Ineffect，despitebeingmadeawareofwhattodo，theywerestilltooshytodowhattheexperiencedbaboondid.Thesameheldtrueforanxiousbaboonscomparedwithcalmones.Theanxiousindividualslearntthetaskbyobservingotherswhilethosewhowererelaxeddidnot，eventhoughtheyspentmoretimewatching.Thismismatchbetweencollectingsocialinformationandusingitshowsthatpersonalityplaysakeyroleinsociallearninginanimals，somethingthathaspreviouslybeenignoredinstudiesonhowanimalslearntodothings.Thefindingsaresignificantbecausetheysuggestthatanimalsmayperformpoorlyincognitive(认知的)tasksnotbecausetheyaren'tcleverenoughtosolvethem，butbecausetheyaretooshyornervoustousethesocialinformation.Thefindingsmayimpacthowweunderstandtheformationofcultureinsocietiesthroughsociallearning.Ifsomeindividualsareunabletogetinformationfromothersbecausetheydon'tassociatewiththeknowledgeableindividuals，ortheyare\ntooshytousetheinformationoncetheyhaveit，informationmaynottravelbetweenallgroupmembers，preventingtheformationofaculturebasedonsociallearning.【语篇导读】　文章通过狒狒学习抓取食物的实验告诉我们，个性对学习能力有重大影响。文化是通过人们的相互学习和交流形成的。1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThedesignofDr.Carter'sresearch.B.TheresultsofDr.Carter'sresearch.C.ThepurposeofDr.Carter'sresearch.D.ThesignificanceofDr.Carter'sresearch.解析　主旨大意题。通过第一段第二句Somebaboonsweregiventhechancetowatchanotherbaboonwhoalreadyknewhowtosolvethetask，whileothershadtolearnforthemselves.和最后一句Dr.Carterpresentedthemeitherwithanovelfoodorathreatintheformofamodelofapoisonoussnake等细节，第一段主要论述了Dr.Carter进行研究的设计，故答案为A。答案　A2.Accordingtotheresearch，whichbaboonsaremorelikelytocompleteanewlearningtask?A.Thosethathavemoreexperience.B.Thosethatcanavoidpotentialrisks.C.Thosethatliketoworkindependently.D.Thosethatfeelanxiousaboutlearning.解析　细节理解题。通过第三段第二句Theanxiousindividualslearntthetaskbyobservingotherswhilethosewhowererelaxeddidnot，eventhoughtheyspentmoretimewatching可知，答案选D。答案　D★3.Whichbestillustratesthe“mismatch”mentionedinParagraph4?A.Somebaboonsareintelligentbutslowinlearning.B.Somebaboonsareshybutactiveinsocialactivities.C.Somebaboonsobserveothersbutdon'tfollowthem.D.Somebaboonsperformnewtasksbutdon'tconcentrate.\n解析　猜测词义题。画线词mismatch处于第四段第一句话中，此句为以上实验得出的结论，所以这种mismatch的行为应在上文第三段已经提及，因此根据Theanxiousindividualslearntthetaskbyobservingotherswhilethosewhowererelaxeddidnot，eventhoughtheyspentmoretimewatching.可知答案为C。答案　C4.Dr.Carter'sfindingsindicatethatourculturemightbeformedthrough.A.storinginformationB.learningfromeachotherC.understandingdifferentpeopleD.travellingbetweensocialgroups解析　推理判断题。通过最后一段最后一句Ifsomeindividualsareunabletogetinformationfromothersbecausetheydon'tassociatewiththeknowledgeableindividuals，ortheyaretooshytousetheinformationoncetheyhaveit，informationmaynottravelbetweenallgroupmembers，preventingtheformationofaculturebasedonsociallearning.可知文化是在人们的相互学习、交流中形成。因此答案为D。答案　DPassage11　(2022·大纲全国)话题：失而复得的文件词数：290ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfromIndia，myhusband，Rashid，stayedinahotelforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren.Duringthefirstweekofhisstay，hewentoutonedaytodosomeshopping.Hecamebackinthelateafternoontodiscoverthathissuitcasewasgone.Hewasextremelyworriedasthesuitcasehadallhisimportantpapers，includinghispassport(护照).Hereportedthecasetothepoliceandthensatthere，lostandlonelyinastrangecity，thinkingoftheterribletroublesofgettingallthepaperworkorganizedagainfromadistantcountrywhiletryingtosettledowninanewone.Lateintheevening，thephonerang.Itwasastranger.Hewastryingtopronounce\nmyhusband'snameandwasaskinghimalotofquestions.Thenhesaidtheyhadfoundapileofpapersintheirtrashcan(垃圾桶)thathadbeenleftoutonthefootpath.Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallhispapersanddocuments(文件).Theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers.Herparentshadcarefullysortedthemout，althoughtheyhadfoundmainlyforeignaddressesonmostofthedocuments.Atlasttheyhadseenahalf－writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.Thatfamilynotonlyrestoredtheimportantdocumentstousthatdaybutalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.Westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.【语篇导读】　本文是记叙文，讲述了作者丈夫行李箱中的文件失而复得的事情。通过这件事，作者一家又重新找回了对他人的信任。1.WhatdidRashidplantodoafterhisarrivalinSydney?A.Goshopping.B.Findahouse.C.Joinhisfamily.D.Takeavacation.解析　事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“...stayedinahotelforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren.”可知作者丈夫到达悉尼计划要做的事情就是为“我和孩子”找房子，故B项正确。答案　B2.Thegirl'sparentsgotRashid'sphonenumberfrom.A.afriendofhisfamilyB.aSydneypolicemanC.aletterinhispapersD.astrangerinSydney解析　事实细节题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Atlasttheyhadseenahalf－writtenletterinthepile...toafriend.”可知作者的电话号码是从文件中夹的一封信中找到的，故C项正确。答案　C★3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restored”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Showed.B.Sentout.C.Delivered.D.Gaveback.解析　词义猜测题。文章倒数第二段中讲到小女孩一家\n努力找到失主的联系方式并把重要文件物归原主。这个善举使作者一家不仅找回了文件，而且重新找回了对人的信任。故D项“归还”正确。A.展示；B.发送；C.递送。答案　D4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FromIndiatoAustralia.B.LivinginaNewCountry.C.TurningTrashtoTreasure.D.InSearchofNewFriends.解析　主旨大意题。丈夫丢失的重要文件被丢到了垃圾箱。一个好心家庭整理好物归原主，这些别人眼中的垃圾对作者丈夫来说非常珍贵。故C项最能体现文章大意。答案　CPassage12　(2022·重庆)话题：追踪孟加拉虎词数：289Onemomentitwasquietandcalmintheforest，thenext，theairwaschargedwithtension.Theelephanthadheardthedistantalarmcallsofanimalsandhermoodsuddenlychanged.Iurgedtheelephantdeeperintotheforest.Wesoundedlikeaforestfire—crackling，snapping，trailblazing.Butthroughallthenoisecameasharpwarningcry.Theelephantstoppedandwehearditagain—thetell－talecallofaspotteddeer.Ilookedquicklyaroundtheshadowsoftheforest.Raysofsunlightshonethroughtreebranches，beneathwhichthepatchwork(交错)ofgreenplantsandshadows－within－shadowswouldmaketigerstripes(条纹)lookmoreattractive.Apartfromanoccasionalnoisefromtheelephant'sstomach，theforestwassilent.Gradually，thetensionslippedfromourbodies.Theelephantseizedanearbybranchandputitintohermouth.Ireachedforwardandgentlymovedmyhandovertheelephant'sneck；therewasasoftpart，freeofwrinklesandhairs，behindherear.ThiswasmyfourthtimetosensetheauraoftheforestinCorbett，althoughIsawnotigersintheend.LocatedatthefootoftheHimalayanmountains，Corbett\nishometoabout135Bengaltigers，buttheforestseemedtobeguardingtheirwhereabouts(出没处)，asilentreminderoftheirsecrecyandrarity.Still，Iwashappyenoughtouchingtheelephantbehindtheear.IfIhadsodesperatelywantedtoseeatiger，Icouldhavegonetoazoo.Afterall，spottingtigersmerelyconfirmstheirbeauty；trackingthemcanmakeyouawareofsomethingmore.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在森林里追踪寻找孟加拉虎的经历。1.Whichofthefollowingwasaclearsignalofalarm?A.Theelephantstopped.B.Aspotteddeercalled.C.Theelephantseizedabranch.D.Theforestwassilentforawhile.解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知我们听到的尖锐的警报声来自一只梅花鹿，故选B。答案　B2.Theauthorbeginshisaccountofthetourintheforestmainlyby.A.describingvarioussoundsB.comparingdifferentanimalsC.listingdifferentactivitiesD.introducingvariousplants解析　写作手法题。根据第一段可知，作者在森林里听到了各种各样的声音，因此作者是通过描述各种声音来展开叙述的，应选A。答案　A★3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“tosensetheaura”mostprobablymean?A.Toseethediversity.B.Toenjoythescenery.C.Tofeeltheatmosphere.D.Toexperiencethefreedom.解析　词义猜测题。根据文章可知作者听到了各种声音，之后森林回归平静，逐渐我们的紧张也消失不见了，大象也变得安静了。尽管我没有发现老虎，但是我依然感觉到了这种紧张后平静的氛围，故选C。\n答案　C4.HowdoestheauthorfeelafterseveralvisitstoCorbett?A.SeeingaBengaltigerisquitethrilling.B.Itisverytime－consumingtotravelinCorbett.C.ItisreallyworthwhiletostudytheanimalsinCorbett.D.TheprocessoffindingBengaltigersismostappealing.解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句话可知，我本可以在公园里看到老虎，但是追踪孟加拉虎使我感知更多的东西，所以这个过程是非常吸引人的，故选D。答案　DPassage13　(2022·大纲全国)话题：做过飞行员的医生词数：288Doctorsareknowntobeterriblepilots.Theydon'tlistenbecausetheyalreadyknowitall.Iwaslucky:Ibecameapilotin1970，almosttenyearsbeforeIgraduatedfrommedicalschool.Ididn'trealizethen，butbecomingapilotmakesmeabettersurgeon(外科医生).Ilovedflying.AsIflewbigger，fasterplanes，andinworseweather，Ilearnedaboutcrewresourcemanagement(机组资源管理)，orCRM，anewideatomakeflyingsafer.Itmeansthatcrewmembersshouldlistenandspeakupforagoodresult，regardlessofpositions.IfirstreadaboutCRMin1980.Notlongafterthat，anattendingdoctorandIwereflyinginbadweather.Thecontrollerhadusturntoolatetogetourlandingready.Theattendingdoctorwasflying;Iwassafetypilot.Hewassobusybecauseofthebadturn，hehadforgottentoputthelandinggear(起落架)down.Hewasabetterpilot—andmyboss—soitfeltunusualtospeakup.ButIhadto:Ourliveswereindanger.Iputasidemyuneasinessandsaid，“Weneedtoputthelandinggeardownnow！”ThatwasmyfirstreallessoninthepowerofCRM，andI'veuseditintheoperatingroomeversince.CRMrequiresthatthepilot/surgeonencourageotherstospeakup.Itfurtherrequiresthatwhenopinionsarefromtheopposite，thedoctordoesn'toverreact，whichmightpreventfellowdoctorsfromvoicingopinionsagain.SowhenI'minthe\noperatingroom，Iaskforideasandhelpfromothers.Sometimesthey'renotwillingtospeakup.ButIhopethatifIcontinuetoencouragethem，somedaysomeonewillkeepmefrom“landinggearup”.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的飞行员经历让作者明白了CRM，即无论职位如何，同组成员都应学会倾听别人，同时也要大胆发表不同看法，这点对医生更是有着十分重要的意义，有时可以避免许多危险。1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdoctorsingeneral?A.Theylikeflyingbythemselves.B.Theyareunwillingtotakeadvice.C.Theypretendtobegoodpilots.D.TheyarequicklearnersofCRM.解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“Theydon'tlistenbecausetheyalreadyknowitall.”可知，作者认为医生们由于职业习惯不愿听别人的建议，由此可知，B项正确。而其余选项均未提到。答案　B2.TheauthordeepenedhisunderstandingofthepowerofCRMwhen.A.hesavedtheplanebyspeakingupB.hewasinchargeofaflyingtaskC.hisbosslandedtheplanetoolateD.hisbossoperatedonapatient解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“ThatwasmyfirstreallessoninthepowerofCRM...”可知，句中的That指代上文提到的作者大胆表达自己的观点从而避免飞机失事这件事。故选A。答案　A★3.Inthelastparagraph“landinggearup”probablymeans.A.followingflyingrequirements.B.overreactingtodifferentopinions.C.listeningtowhatfellowdoctorssayD.makingamistakethatmaycostlives解析　词义猜测题。根据文章第二段内容可知，由于控制台的失误，\n作者和另一名主治医生飞翔时转弯过迟而没有做好降落准备。作为驾驶员的主治医生由于慌乱忘记放下起落架，幸亏作者及时提醒才避免飞机失事。由此可知，此处“landinggearup”指各种严重致命的错误。故选D。答案　D4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.CRM:ANewWaytoMakeFlyingSafe.B.FlyingMakesMeaBetterDoctor.C.TheMakingofaGoodPilot.D.APilot－TurnedDoctor.解析　标题概括题。本文主要讲述了作者在作为飞行员时学会的“CRM”对自己日后作为医生的影响：不管职位如何，同组成员都应该大胆发表自己的看法，这样有时能够避免许多危险。故选B。A、C两项均属于本末倒置，本文主要强调CRM对医生的重要性”；D项不属于文章中心，因为本文不是在介绍人。答案　BPassage14　(2022·辽宁)话题：bug的含义词数：268“Indeed，”GeorgeWashingtonwroteinhisdiaryin1785，“somekindoffly，orbug，hadbeguntoeattheleavesbeforeIlefthome.”ButthefatherofAmericawasnotthefatherofbug.WhenWashingtonwrotethat，Englishmenhadbeenreferringtoinsectsasbugsformorethanacentury，andAmericanshadalreadycreatedlightning－bug(萤火虫).ButtheEnglishweresoontostopusingthebugsintheirlanguage，leavingittotheAmericanstocallabugabuginthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies.TheAmericanbugcouldalsobeaperson，referringtosomeonewhowascrazyaboutaparticularactivity.Althoughfanbecametheusualterm，sportsfansusedtobecalledracingbugs，baseballbugs，andthelike.Orthebugcouldbeasmallmachineorobject，forexample，abug－shapedcar.Thebugcouldalsobeaburglaralarm，fromwhichcomestheexpressiontobug，thatis，“toinstall(安装)analarm”.Nowitmeansasmallpieceofequipment\nthatpeopleuseforlisteningsecretlytoothers'conversation.Sincethe1840s，tobughaslongmeant“tocheat”，andsincethe1940sithasbeenannoying.Wealsoknowthebugasaflawinacomputerprogramorotherdesign.ThatmeaningdatesbacktothetimeofThomasEdison.In1878heexplainedbugsas“littleproblemsanddifficulties”thatrequiredmonthsofstudyandlabortoovercomeindevelopingasuccessfulproduct.In1889itwasrecordedthatEdison“hadbeenupthetwopreviousnightsdiscovering‘abug’inhisinventedrecordplayer.”【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了bug一词在不同时期的不同含义和用法。1.WelearnfromParagraph1that.A.AmericanshaddifficultyinlearningtousethewordbugB.GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstpersontocallaninsectabugC.thewordbugwasstillpopularlyusedinEnglandinthenineteenthcenturyD.bothEnglishmenandAmericansusedthewordbugintheeighteenthcentury解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“..wroteinhisdiaryin1785...”及该段第三句“WhenWashingtonwrotethat，Englishmenhadbeenreferringtoinsectsasbugsformorethanacentury，andAmericanshadalreadycreatedlightning－bug(萤火虫).”可知，在18世纪英国人和美国人都已使用bug这个词了。故答案选D。答案　D★2.Whatdoestheword“flaw”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Explanation.B.Finding.C.Origin.D.Fault.解析　词义猜测题。根据最后一段第三句“In1878heexplainedbugsas‘littleproblemsanddifficulties'thatrequiredmonthsofstudyandlabortoovercomeindevelopingasuccessfulproduct”可知，在1878年，爱迪生就把bugs解释为“小问题或者小困难”。本句中的“littleproblemsanddifficulties”即是flaw的英文解释。故答案选D。答案　D3.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.A.themisunderstandingofthewordbugB.thedevelopmentofthewordbug\nC.thepublicviewsofthewordbugD.thespecialcharacteristicsofthewordbug解析　推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文第一段说明bug的第一个含义为“昆虫”；第二段说明bug的第二个含义为“对特殊活动疯狂的人”；第三段说明bug的其他含义和用法为“小机器或小东西”等；第四段说明bug的另外一个含义为“故障”。简而言之，本文主要说明bug一词在不同时期的不同含义。故答案选B。答案　BPassage15　(2022·天津)话题：手写技能词数：355Thepracticeofstudentsendlesslycopyinglettersandsentencesfromablackboardisathingofthepast.Withthecomingofnewtechnologieslikecomputersandsmartphones，writingbyhandhasbecomesomethingofanostalgic(怀旧的)skill.However，whiletoday'seducatorsareusingmoreandmoretechnologyintheirteaching，manybelievebasichandwritingskillsarestillnecessaryforstudentstobesuccessful—bothinschoolandinlife.VirginiaBerninger，professorofeducationalpsychologyattheUniversityofWashington，saysit'simportanttocontinueteachinghandwritingandhelpchildrenacquiretheskillofwritingbyhand.Berningerandhercolleaguesconductedastudythatlookedattheabilityofstudentstocompletevariouswritingtasks—bothonacomputerandbyhand.Thestudy，publishedin2022，foundthatwhenwritingwithapenandpaper，participantswrotelongeressaysandmorecompletesentencesandhadafasterwordproductionrate.Inamorerecentstudy，Berningerlookedatwhatrolespellingplaysinastudent'swritingskillsandfoundthathowwellchildrenspellistiedtohowwelltheycanwrite.“Spellingmakessomeofthethinkingpartsofthebrainactivewhichhelpsusaccessourvocabulary，wordmeaningandconcepts.Itisallowingourwrittenlanguagetoconnectwithideas.”Berningersaid.Spellinghelpsstudentstranslateideasintowordsintheirmindfirstandthentotranscribe(转换)“thosewordsinthemindintowrittensymbolsonpaperor\nkeyboardandscreen，”thestudysaid.Seeingthewordsinthe“mind'seye”helpschildrennotonlytoturntheirideasintowords，saysBerninger，butalsotospot(发现)spellingmistakeswhentheywritethewordsdownandtocorrectthemovertime.“Inourcomputerage，somepeoplebelievethatwedon'thavetoteachspellingbecausewehavespellchecks，”shesaid.“Butuntilachildhasafunctionalspellingabilityofaboutafifthgradelevel，theywon'thavetheknowledgetochoosethecorrectspellingamongtheoptionsgivenbythecomputer.”【语篇导读】　本文讲述了随着新技术的发展，如电脑和智能手机等现代化教学技术的普遍使用，使得手写已经成为一种怀旧的东西。1.Whatmakeswritingbyhandathingofthepast?A.Theabsenceofblackboardinclassroom.B.Theuseofnewtechnologiesinteaching.C.Thelackofpracticeinhandwriting.D.Thepopularuseofsmartphones.解析　细节理解题。根据短文第一段中“Withthecomingofnewtechnologieslikecomputersandsmartphones，writingbyhandhasbecomesomethingofanostalgicskill.However，whiletoday'seducatorsareusingmoreandmoretechnologyintheirteaching...”可知B选项符合题意。答案　B2.Berninger'sstudypublishedin2022.A.focusedonthedifferencebetweenwritingbyhandandonacomputerB.indicatedthatstudentsprefertowritewithapenandpaperC.foundthatgoodessaysaremadeupoflongsentencesD.discussedtheimportanceofwritingspeed解析　细节理解题。根据短文第三段“Berningerandhercolleaguesconductedastudythatlookedattheabilityofstudentstocompletevariouswritingtasks－bothonacomputerandbyhand.Thestudy，publishedin2022...”可知A选项符合文意。答案　A3.Whichofthefollowingbestshowstheroleofspelling?\nA.Spellingimprovesone'smemoryofwords.B.Spellingabilityiscloselyrelatedtowritingability.C.Spellingbenefitsthetranslationfromwordsintoideas.D.Spellingslowsdownfindingexactwordstoexpressideas.解析　细节理解题。短文第四段提到“Spellingmakessomeofthethinkingpartsofthebrainactive，whichhelpsusaccessourvocabulary，wordmeaningandconcepts.”由此可知，拼写可以改善对词汇的记忆和理解。因此，正确答案为B选项。答案　B★4.Whatdoes“mind'seye”inparagraph5mean?A.Window.B.SoulC.Picture.D.Imagination.解析　词义猜测题。短文第五段画线词后面提到的“helpschildrennotonlytoturntheirideasintowords，saysBerninger，butalsotospotspellingmistakeswhentheywritethewordsdownandtocorrectthemovertime.”由此结合上下文可知，画线词是指“想象”之意，D选项与此相符。答案　D5.Whatconclusioncouldbedrawnfromthepassage?A.Computerscanhelppeoplewiththeirchoiceofwords.B.Spellcheckscantaketheplaceofspellingteaching.C.Handwritingstillhasaplaceintoday'sclassrooms.D.Functionalspellingabilitydevelopsfastinthefifthgrade.解析　推理判断题。短文第一段提到“However，whiletoday'seducatorsareusingmoreandmoretechnologyintheirteaching，manybelievebasichandwritingskillsarestillnecessaryforstudentstobesuccessful－bothinschoolandinlife.”由此可知，书写在当今课堂上仍然占有一定的位置，C选项内容与此相符合。答案　C考点五　观点态度题Passage1　(2022·湖北)话题：书评词数：354\nSciencehasalotofuses.Itcanuncoverlawsofnature，curediseases，makebombs，andhelpbridgestostandup.Indeedscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthatthere'salwaysatemptation(诱惑)todragitintoproblemswhereitmaynotbehelpful.DavidBrooks，authorofTheSocialAnimal，TheHiddenSourcesofLove，Character，andAchievement，appearstobethelatestinalonglineofwriterswhohavefailedtoresistthetemptation.Brooksgainedfameforseveralbooks.HislatestbookTheSocialAnimal，however，ismoreambitiousandseriousthanhisearlierbooks.Itisanattempttodealwithasetofweightytopics.Thebookfocusesonbigquestions：Whathassciencerevealedabouthumannature?Whatarethesourcesofcharacter?Andwhyaresomepeoplehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersaren't?Toanswerthesequestions，Brookssurveysawiderangeofdisciplines(学科).Consideringthis，youmightexpectthebooktobeadryrecitationoffacts.ButBrookshasstructuredhisbookinanunorthodox(非常规的)，andperhapsunfortunate，way.Insteadofintroducingscientifictheories，hetellsastory，withinwhichhetriestomakehispoints，perhapsinordertokeepthereader'sattention.SoasHaroldandErica，theheroandheroineinhisstory，livethroughchildhood，wehearaboutthescienceofchilddevelopment，andastheybegintodatewehearaboutthetheoryofsexualattraction.Brookscarriesthisthroughtothedeathofoneofhischaracters.Onthewhole，Brooks'storyisacceptableifuninspired.Asonewouldexpect，hiswritingismostlyclearand，tobefair，somechaptersstandoutabovetherest.Ienjoyed，forinstance，thechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhisown.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharacters，themoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewhere.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks'sattempttotranslatehistaleintoscience.【语篇导读】　这是一篇书评。介绍了Brooks的最新作品TheSocialAnimal。关于这部作品的内容，写作方法，以及作品的缺陷。1.Theauthormentionsthefunctionsofscienceatthebeginningofthepassageto.\nA.illustratewheresciencecanbeappliedB.demonstratethevalueofBrooks'snewbookC.remindthereadersoftheimportanceofscienceD.explainwhymanywritersusescienceintheirworks解析　推理判断题。文章一开始作者提到科学的功能目的在于引出话题，解释作者在他们的作品中，为什么使用科学作为主题，所以选D。答案　D2.Accordingtotheauthor，whichofthefollowingcouldbeastrengthofthebook?A.Itsstrongbasis.B.Itsconvincingpoints.C.Itsclearwriting.D.Itsmemorablecharacters.解析　细节理解题。第四段第二句Asonewouldexpect，hiswritingismostlyclear...可知，这本书最大的优点是表述清晰，因此C是正确的。答案　C★3.Whatistheauthor'sgeneralattitudetowardsthebook?A.Contradictory.B.Supportive.C.Cautious.D.Critical.解析　观点态度题。第四段第四句WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharacters，themoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieeverywhere.可知，作者对作品的态度是批评性的。答案　D4.Whatistheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph?A.Problemswiththebook.B.Brooks'slifeexperience.C.Deathofthecharacters.D.Brooks'stranslationskills.解析　判断推理题。最后一段最后一句TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks'sattempttotranslatehistaleintoscience.可推知，接下去作者主要论及作品存在的问题。答案　A\nPassage2　(2022·重庆)话题：水上行走词数：288Theideaofbeingabletowalkonwaterhaslonginterestedhumansgreatly.Sadly，biologicalfactspreventuseveraccomplishingsuchathingwithoutartificialaid—wesimplyweightoomuch，andallourmasspushesdownthroughourrelativelysmallfeet，resultinginalotofpressurethatmakesussink.However，severaltypesofanimalscanwalkonwater.OneofthemostinterestingisthecommonbasiliskBasilicusbasilicus，alizard(蜥蜴)nativetoCentralandSouthAmerica.Itcanrunacrosswaterforadistanceofseveralmeters，avoidinggettingwetbyrapidlyhittingthewater'ssurfacewithitsfeet.Thelizardwilltakeasmanyas20stepspersecondtokeepmovingforward.Forhumanstodothis，we'dneedhugefeetthatwecouldbringuptoourearsinordertocreateadequate“hitting”.Butfortunatelythereisanalternative：cornflour.Byaddingenoughofthiscommonthickeningagenttowater(anditdoestakealot)，youcancreatea“non－Newtonian”liquidthatdoesn'tbehavelikenormalwater.Now，ifthesurfaceofthewaterishithardenough，particles(粒子)inthewatergrouptogetherforamomenttomakethesurfacehard.Movequicklyenoughandputenoughforceintoeachstep，andyoureallycanwalkacrossthesurfaceofanadequatelythickliquidofcornflour.Funthoughallthismaysound，it'sstillrathermessyandbetterreadaboutintheorythancarriedoutinpractice.Ifyoumustdoit，thenkeepthewaterwingshandyincaseyoustarttosink—andtakeashowerafterward!【语篇导读】　本文为说明文。水上行走一直是人类的梦想，但由于身体的局限性很难完成，但现在有一种折中的方法——在水面上撒玉米粉。1.Walkingonwaterhasn'tbecomearealitymainlybecausehumans.A.arenotinterestedinitB.havebiologicallimitationsC.havenotinventedpropertoolsD.areafraidtomakeanattempt\n解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话可知因为我们太重了，如果没有人工辅助，我们的身体很难突破局限完成水上行走的动作，故选B。答案　B2.WhatdoweknowaboutBasilicusbasilicusfromthepassage?A.Itislightenoughtowalkonwater.B.Itshugefeetenableittostayabovewater.C.Itcanrunacrosswateratacertainspeed.D.Itsuniqueskinkeepsitfromgettingwetinwater.解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和第三句话可知，这种蜥蜴每秒移动二十步来保持高速水上行走，故选C。答案　C3.Whatisthefunctionofthecornflouraccordingtothepassage?A.Tocreateathickliquid.B.Toturnthewaterintosolid.C.Tohelptheliquidbehavenormally.D.Toenablethewatertomoverapidly.解析　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，把足够的玉米粉撒在水面上，水中的粒子群可以使水面变得坚固一些，只要速度够快，每一步都用力均匀就能走过水面，故选A。答案　A★4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtheideaofhumans'walkingonwater?A.Itisriskybutbeneficial.B.Itisinterestingandworthtrying.C.Itiscrazyandcannotbecomeareality.D.Itisimpracticalthoughtheoreticallypossible.解析　观点态度题。根据第四段可知，利用玉米面在水面上行走听起来不错，但在实践时有一定危险，一定要做好防护措施，因此作者认为这种法在理论上是可能的，但不实际，故选D。答案　DPassage3　(2022·新课标全国Ⅰ)话题：面对困惑\n词数：335Atypicalliontamer(驯兽师)inpeople'smindisanentertainerholdingawhip(鞭)andachair.Thewhipgetsalloftheattention，butit'smostlyforshow.Inreality，it'sthechairthatdoestheimportantwork.Whenaliontamerholdsachairinfrontofthelion'sface，theliontriestofocusonallfourlegsofthechairatthesametime.Withitsfocusdivided，thelionbecomesconfusedandisunsureaboutwhattodonext.Whenfacedwithsomanyoptions，thelionchoosestofreezeandwaitinsteadofattackingthemanholdingthechair.Howoftendoyoufindyourselfinthesamepositionasthelion？Howoftendoyouhavesomethingyouwanttoachieve(e.g.loseweight，startabusiness，travelmore)—onlytoendupconfusedbyalloftheoptionsinfrontofyouandnevermakeprogress?Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest，thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan'tfocusorthatwe'refocusedonthewrongthings，andsowetakelessaction，makelessprogress，andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving.Itdoesn'thavetobethatway.Anytimeyoufindtheworldwavingachairinyourface，rememberthis：Allyouneedtodoisfocusononething.Youjustneedtogetstarted.Startingbeforeyoufeelreadyisoneofthehabitsofsuccessfulpeople.Ifyouhavesomewhereyouwanttogo，somethingyouwanttoaccomplish，someoneyouwanttobecome...takeimmediateaction.Ifyou'reclearaboutwhereyouwanttogo，therestoftheworldwilleitherhelpyougetthereorgetoutoftheway.【语篇导读】　本文以驯兽师在驯兽时用椅子挡在狮子面前来分散它的注意力使狮子不知所措为引子，联想到当人们面临多种选择感到困惑时该怎么办？1.Whydoestheliontameruseachair?A.Totrickthelion.B.Toshowoffhisskills.C.Togetreadyforafight.D.Toentertaintheaudience.\n解析　事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“Whenaliontamerholdsachair...whattodonext.”可知，驯兽师拿一把椅子是想哄骗狮子，故选A。答案　A2.Inwhatsensearepeoplesimilartoalionfacingachair?A.Theyfeelpuzzledoverchoices.B.Theyholdontothewrongthings.C.Theyfindithardtomakechanges.D.Theyhavetodosomethingforshow.解析　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Withitsfocusdivided...whattodonext”可知，当人们面临选择时和狮子面对椅子时的感觉相似，就是困惑，不知所措，故选A。答案　A★3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheexpertsmentionedinParagraph3？A.Tolerant.B.Doubtful.C.Respectful.D.Supportive.解析　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Thisupsetsmetonoend...isbest”可知，作者对专家的态度是怀疑的，故选B。答案　B4.Whentheworldis“wavingachairinyourface”，you'readvisedto.A.waitforabetterchanceB.breakyouroldhabitsC.makeaquickdecisionD.askforclearguidance解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Anytimeyoufindtheworld...youjustneedtogetstarted.”可知，作者建议人们快速做出决定，故选C。答案　CPassage4　(2022·陕西)话题：运动日词数：296Oneafternoonlastweek，Isawthreetearfulchildrenfrommyson'sschoolbeingcomfortedbyteachers.Thatmorning，my11－year－oldhadstomachpains，retching\n(干呕)intoabowl.Talkingtoothermotherslater，Iheardaboutotherchildrenwithstomachacheordifficultysleepingthenightbefore.Whatcausedsomuchpain？Sportsday.Sportsdaymightbenecessaryatahighly－competitiveindependentschool，butnotatavillageprimaryschool.Forthechildrenwhocanflylikethewind，sportsdaycausenoproblem.Forthosewhoareoverweightorjustnotgoodatsport，itisnightmare(噩梦).Evenforthosewhoenjoyrunningbutfallhalfwaydownthetrackinfrontoftheentireschoolandtheirparents，itcanproveadisaster.Whydoweputourchildrenthroughthisannualsuffering？Somemaysaycompetitionischaracterbuilding；orit'stakingpart，notwinning，that'simportant；orthatitisatraditionofschoollife.Ijustfeltgreatpityforthosechildrenintearsorinpain.Teamgamesattheendofsportsdayproducedsomecloseraces，wildenthusiasm，lotsofshouting－andwerefuntowatch.Moreimportantly，thechildrenwhowerenotsofastorquickatpassingtheballwerehiddenalittlefromeveryone'seyes.Someofthemalsohadthethrillofbeingonthewinningside.Iwishthatsportsdaycouldbeabandonedandreplacedwithsomeotherlesscompetitiveevent.Perhapsanafternoonofteamgames，withafewracesforthosewhowantthem，wouldbelessstressfulforthechildrenandalotmorefuntowatch.【语篇导读】　学校的传统节日——运动日对于热爱运动且体质好的学生而言是一种享受，但对于肥胖或体质差的孩子就成了噩梦，引起各种问题和疾病，因此作者希望减少一些竞技项目，多增加娱乐活动，给孩子带来更多的快乐和更少的压力。1.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor'ssonfromParagraph1?A.Hetalkedwithsomemothers.B.Hecomfortedhisclassmates.C.Hehaddifficultyinsleeping.D.Hesufferedfromstomachache.解析　事实细节题。根据文章第一段第二句可知答案为D。答案　D\n2.Sportsdayisstillanannuleventinthisschoolprobablybecause.A.thisisanindependentschoolB.itisatraditionoftheschoolC.ithelpschildrenloseweightD.childrenenjoywatchingsports解析　事实细节题。根据文章第三段倒数第二句可知答案为B。答案　B3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutteamgames?A.Theyshouldincludemorestressfulraces.B.Theyareacceptabletodifferentchildren.C.Theyshouldbeabandonedatprimaryschools.D.Theyarelessfunforthosewholoverunning.解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知不同的孩子对团体运动的接受程度是不同的，有的孩子认为是享受，有的认为是噩梦，故选B。答案　B★4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardssportsday?A.Critical.B.Neutral.C.Positive.D.Ambiguous.解析　观点态度题。根据文章最后一段可知，作者希望减少一些竞技项目，多加入一些娱乐项目以减小孩子的压力。因此作者是持批评态度的。故选A。答案　APassage5　(2022·新课标全国Ⅰ)话题：读书上的撒谎词数：285Ithappenedtomerecently.IwastellingsomeonehowmuchIhadenjoyedreadingBarackObama'sDreamsFromMyFatherandhowithadchangedmyviewsofourPresident.AfriendIwastalkingtoagreedwithmethatitwas，inhiswords，“abrilliantly(精彩地)writtenbook”.However，hethenwentontotalkaboutMrObamainawaywhichsuggestedhehadnoideaofhisbackgroundatall.IsensedthatIwastalkingtoabookliar.\nAnditseemsthatmyfriendisnottheonlyone.Approximatelytwothirdsofpeoplehaveliedaboutreadingabookwhichtheyhaven't.IntheWorldBookDay's“ReportonGuiltySecrets”，DreamsFromMyFatherisatnumber9.Thereportliststenbooks，andvariousauthors，whichpeoplehaveliedaboutreading，andasI'mnotonetolietoooften(I'dhatetobecaughtout)，I'lladmithereandnowthatIhaven'treadtheentiretopten.ButIampleasedtosaythat，unlike42percentofpeople，Ihavereadthebookatnumberone，GeorgeOrwell's1984.Ithinkit'sreallybrilliant.TheWorldBookDayreportalsohassomeotherinterestinginformationinit.ItsaysthatmanypeoplelieabouthavingreadJaneAusten，CharlesDickens，FyodorDostoevsky(Ihaven'treadhim，buthaven'tliedaboutiteither)andHermanMelville.Askedwhytheylied，themostcommonreasonwasto“impress”someonetheywerespeakingto.Thiscouldbetrickyiftheconversationbecamemorein－depth!Butwhenaskedwhichauthorstheyactuallyenjoy，peoplenamedJ.K.Rowling，JohnGrisham，SophieKinsella(ah，thebigsellers，inotherwords).Forty－twopercentofpeopleaskedadmittedtheyturnedtothebackofthebooktoreadtheendbeforefinishingthestory(I'llcomeclean:Idothisandamastonishedthat58percentsaidtheyhadneverdoneso).【语篇导读】　本文是一篇议论文。在读书方面，作者发现有许多人总是在别人面前说谎，说自己曾经读过哪方面的书，这样做是为了给别人留下深刻印象，显示自己有学问。但是，如果继续针对书的内容与其进行探讨，随着话题的不断深入，往往说谎者会原形毕露。1.Howdidtheauthorfindhisfriendabookliar?A.Byjudginghismannerofspeaking.B.Bylookingintohisbackground.C.Bymentioningafamousname.D.Bydiscussingthebookitself.解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“AfriendIwastalking...However，hethenwentontotalkaboutMrObamainawaywhichsuggestedhehadnoideaofhisbackgroundatall.”可知，作者的朋友说奥巴马的《父亲的梦想》这本书写得很精彩，\n但是后来的话暗示他根本不知道奥巴马的背景情况，很显然，作者的朋友并没有读过那本书。由此可知，作者是在和朋友讨论书的内容时，发现了朋友是在说谎。故答案选D。答案　D2.Whichofthefollowingisa“guiltysecret”accordingtotheWorldBookDayreport?A.CharlesDickensisverylowonthetop－tenlist.B.42%ofpeoplepretendedtohaveread1984.C.Theauthoradmittedhavingread9books.D.DreamsFromMyFatherishardlyread.解析　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“ButIampleasedtosaythat，unlike42percentofpeople，Ihavereadthebookatnumberone，GeorgeOrwell's1984.”及第四句中的“whichpeoplehaveliedaboutreading，andasI'mnotonetolietoooften”可知，有42%的人假装读过乔治·奥威尔的《1984》这本书，B项内容符合题意。故答案选B。答案　B3.Bylyingaboutreading，apersonhopesto.A.controltheconversationB.appearknowledgeableC.learnaboutthebookD.makemorefriends解析　推理判断题。根据第四段并结合下文可知，一个人之所以在读书方面说谎是为了想给别人留下深刻的印象，显得自己有学问。由此结合选项可知，答案B符合题意。答案　B★4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudeto58%ofreaders?A.Favorable.B.Uncaring.C.Doubtful.D.Friendly.解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，42%的调查者承认他们在没读完故事之前就会翻看书的结尾部分，而作者坦白自己也曾这样做过，但是作者惊讶地发现，有58%的人说他们从未这样做过。由此可知，作者对此持有怀疑的态度。故答案选C。答案　CPassage6　(2022·北京)话题：名人\n词数：354DoesFameDriveYouCrazy?Althoughbeingfamousmightsoundlikeadreamcometrue，today'sstar，feelinglikezooanimals，facepressuresthatfewofuscanimagine.Theyareatthecenterofmuchoftheworld'sattention.Paparazzi(狗仔队)campoutsidetheirhomes，camerasready.Tabloids(小报)publishthrillingstoriesabouttheirpersonallives.Justimaginenotbeingabletodoanythingwithoutbeingphotographedorinterruptedforasignature!AccordingtopsychologistChristinaVillareal，celebrities—famouspeople—worryconstantlyabouttheirpublicappearance.Eventually，theystarttolosetrackofwhotheyreallyare，seeingthemselvesthewaytheirfansimaginethem，notasthepeopletheywerebeforeeveryoneknewtheirnames.“Overtime，”Villarealsays，“theyfeelseparatedandalone.”Thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.，paintersfollowedAlexandertheGreatintobattle，hopingtopicturehisvictoriesforhisadmirers.WhenCharlesDickensvisitedAmericainthe19thcentury，hissold－outreadingsattractedthousandsoffans，leadinghimtocomplain(抱怨)abouthislackofprivacy.Tabloidsofthe1920sand1930sranarticlesaboutfilm－starsinmuchthesamewaythatmoderntabloidsandwebsitesdo.Beingapublicfiguretoday，however，isalotmoredifficultthanitusedtobe.Superstarscannotmoveaboutwithoutworryingaboutphotographerswithmoderncameras.Whentheysaysomethingsillyordosomethingridiculous，thereisalwaystheInternettospreadthenewsinminutesandkeeptheir“story”aliveforever.Iffameissotroublesome，whyaren'tallcelebritiesrunningawayfromit?Theansweristherearestillwaystodealwithit.Somestarsstaycalmbysurroundingthemselveswithtrustedfriendsandfamilyorbyescapingtoremoteplacesawayfrombigcities.Theyfocusnotonhowfamoustheyarebutonwhattheylovetodoorwhatevermadethemfamousinthefirstplace.Sometimesafewcelebritiescangetalittlejustice.Still，evenstarswhoenjoy\nfulljusticeoftencomplainabouthowhardtheirlivesare.Theyaretiredofbeingfamousalready.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇议论文。作者对名人没有隐私可言、生活压力巨大的生活状况进行了剖析，对狗仔队的行为进行了批判，同时对名人表示同情。1.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatstarstoday.A.areoftenmisunderstoodbythepublicB.cannolongerhavetheirprivacyprotectedC.spendtoomuchontheirpublicappearanceD.carelittleabouthowtheyhavecomeintofame解析　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，名人就像动物园里的动物，面临着我们难以想象的巨大压力，无论何时何地，总有狗仔队跟拍，常有小报刊登关于他们私生活的故事，因此他们不再有隐私可言。故答案选B。答案　B2.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A.Greatheroesofthepastweregenerallyadmired.B.Theproblemfacedbycelebritieshasalonghistory.C.Well－knownactorsareusuallytargetsoftabloids.D.Worksofpopularwritersoftenhavealotofreaders.解析　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段首句为本段的中心句，即名人遭跟拍现象由来已久，在公元前4世纪就存在了。故答案选B。答案　B3.Whatmakesitmuchhardertobeacelebritytoday?A.Availabilityofmodernmedia.B.Inadequatesocialrecognition.C.Lackoffavorablechances.D.Hugepopulationoffans.解析　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，作为公众人物，他们的一言一行都会被迅速曝光，现代化媒体的运用，使得名人的私生活过得更加困难。故答案选A。答案　A★4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardmoderncelebrity?\nA.Sincere.B.Sceptical.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.解析　观点态度题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段可知，作者认为名人生活压力巨大，表示了对他们的同情。故答案选D。答案　DPassage7　(2022·辽宁)话题：SoAllMayEat餐馆词数：214Insidethepleasinglyfragrantcafe，SoAllMayEat(SAME)indowntownDenver，thespiritofgenerosity(慷慨)isinstantlynoticeable:Adonationboxstandsinplaceofacashregister.Customersherepayonlywhattheycanafford，noquestionsasked.Ariskybusinessplan，perhaps，butSAMECafehasdoneoneunchangeablethingintheMileHighCityforsixyears:Openonlyatmid－day，therestaurantprovidespoorlocalpeoplewithhealthy，deliciouslunchessixdaysaweek.Thoseunabletopayfortheirmealcaninsteadvolunteeraswaitersandwaitresses，anddishwashers，orlookafterthebuildingsandequipmentforthecafe.“It'sbasedontrust，andit'sworkingallright”，saysco－ownerBradBirky，whostartedthecafein2022withhiswifeLibby.Previouslyvolunteeringatsoupkitchens，theBirkysweredissatisfiedwiththeoftenunhealthymealstheyservedthere.“Wewantedtoofferqualityfoodinarestaurantwhereeveryonefeltcomfortable，regardlessoftheircircumstances.”Birkysays.SAME'sspeciallunchmenuchangesdailyandmostfoodmaterialsarenaturalandgrownbylocalfarmers.Thecafenowaverages65to70customers(andeightvolunteers)aday.Andthespiritofgenerositybehindtheprojectappearstobespreading.Inearly2022，onevolunteerwhohadclearedsnowforhismealsduringthelongwintersaidgoodbyetotheBirkys.“HesaidhewasgoingtoNewOrleanstohelpwiththehurricaneclear－up.”saysBirky.【语篇导读】　本文介绍了一家餐馆给穷人提供健康美味的食物\n，饭钱由消费的人随意付，能付得起多少付多少。付不起钱的人也可以在这里做志愿者工作来抵饭钱。这一切都是建立在诚信的基础上。这种精神不断传播开来，感染了更多的人去帮助别人。1.WhatcanwelearnaboutthesoupkitchenstheBirkyspreviouslyworkedfor?A.Theyrefusedtohavevolunteers.B.Theyofferedlowqualityfood.C.Theyprovidedcustomerswithagoodenvironment.D.Theycloseddownbecauseofpoormanagement.解析　细节理解题。第三段最后一句：Birky夫妇对soupkitchens经常提供不健康的食物感到不满。由此可知，他们提供劣质食物。B项正确。答案　B2.Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Thecustomerswhocannotpaycanworkasvolunteersinstead.B.MorevolunteerswillgotoNewOrleansforthehurricaneclean－up.C.Manynewcafeswillbeopenedtoofferfreelunchesinthetown.D.Thelunchmenuhasremainedthesamesincethecafewasstarted.解析　细节理解题。第二段最后一句说的是：那些付不起饭钱的人可以志愿去当服务员、洗碗工，或是维护餐馆的房屋和设备，与A项表述一致。答案　A★3.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsrunningsuchacafeis.A.unfavorableB.approvingC.doubtfulD.cautious解析　观点态度题。作者介绍餐馆使用了很多表示夸赞性的语句，如thespiritofgenerosityisinstantlynoticeable，therestaurantprovidespoorlocalpeoplewithhealthy，deliciouslunches,it'sbasedontrust，it'sworkingallright，offerqualityfood,regardlessoftheircircumstances，thespiritofgenerositybehindtheprojectappearstobespreading等，这些描述清楚地显示出作者的赞同态度。答案　BPassage8　(2022·陕西)话题：转基因技术词数：291\nEversincetheywerefirstputonthemarketintheearly1990s，geneticallymodified(GM，转基因)foodshavebeenincreasinglydevelopedandmarketedinmanycountriesintheworld，mainlyonthebasisoftheirpromisetoendtheworldwidefoodcrisis.ButcanGMtechnologysolveworldhungerproblems?Evenifitwould，isitthebestsolution?Despitewhatitpromises，GMtechnologyactuallyhasnotincreasedtheproductionpotential(潜力)ofanycrop.Infact，studiesshowthatthemostwidelygrownGMcrop，GMsoybeans，hassufferedreducedproductivity.Forinstance，areportthatanalysednearlytwodecadesofresearchonmajorGMfoodcropsshowsthatGMengineeringhasfailedtosignificantlyincreaseUScropproduction.Somethingelse，however，hasbeenontherise.WhileGMseedsareexpensive，GMcompaniestellfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides(杀虫剂).Onthecontrary，USgovernmentdatashowthatGMcropsintheUShaveproducedanoverallincreaseinpesticideusecomparedtotraditionalcrops.“Thepromisewasthatyoucoulduselesschemicalsandboostproduction.Butneitheristrue，”saidBillChristison，PresidentoftheUSNationalFarmCoalition.Atthesametime，theauthorsofthebookWorldHunger；TwelveMythsarguethatthereactuallyismorethanenoughfoodintheworldandthatthehungercrisisisnotcausedbyproduction，butbyproblemsinfooddistributionandpolitics.Theseindeeddeserveoureffortsandmoney.Meanwhile，theriseinfoodpricesresultsfromtheincreaseduseofcropsforfuelratherthanfood，accordingtoa2022WorldBankreport.Asamatteroffact，scientistsseebetterwaystofeedtheworld.AnotherWorldBankreportconcludedthatGMcropshavelittletooffertothechallengesofworldwidepovertyandhunger，becausebetterwaysoutareavailable，amongwhich“green”farmingissupposedtobethefirstchoice.【语篇导读】　本文是一篇议论文，就转基因技术到底是否提高作物的产量加以议论。1.Theauthordevelopsthesecondparagraphmainly.A.byclassificationB.bycomparisonC.byexampleD.byprocess\n解析　推理判断题。本段开头提出观点“转基因技术没有提高作物产量”，紧接着用事例证明这一观点，因此选C。而A选项是“通过分类”；B选项是“通过比较”；D选项是“通过过程”。答案　C2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“boost”inthethirdparagraphprobablymean?A.Control.B.EvaluateC.Obtain.D.Increase.解析　词义猜测题。此题的词义推测是根据上文的lesschemicals推断的。转基因技术承诺“更少的化学药品”，与之并列的应为“增加产量”。答案　D3.GMcompaniespromisefarmersthattheywillbenefitfrom.A.practicing“green”farmingB.useoflesschemicalsC.fairdistributionoftheircropsD.usingmorecropsforfuel解析　细节理解题。文章第三段第四行引号中的话说明B是正确的。A选项的“greenfarming”是更好的解决世界贫困和饥饿问题的方法，而不是指转基因技术；C选项在第四段，是饥饿问题的根源；而D选项在第四段最后一句，是食物价格上涨的原因，而与转基因技术的好处无关。答案　B★4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsGMtechnology?A.Optimistic.B.Defensive.C.Disapproving.D.Casual.解析　观点态度题。文章第二段明确提出转基因技术并没有增加产量，第三段说增加了杀虫剂的使用，最后一段说转基因技术没能帮助解决世界贫困和饥饿问题，因此看出作者对这一技术的态度是否定的，不赞同的，故选C，“不赞同”。而A选项为“乐观的”；B选项为“防范的”；D选项为“不在乎的”。答案　C\n1.题型多样：仍以细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题等题型为主。2.体裁多样：以记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。3.题材丰富：紧贴生活和时代，反映英美文化特点，涉及政治、人物、经济、动物、新闻、教育、生态、节日、卫生等话题。4.难度不会有太大变化，但是会在语言、词汇、选材等方面有更大突破，更加强调对考生语言运用能力的考查。