(北京专用)2022届高考英语一轮复习方案 作业手册(40) Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors(含解析) 新人教版选修8
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课时作业(四十) [选修8 Unit5Meetingyourancestors](限时:45分钟) Ⅰ.单项填空1.—Sir,I'mhere.—Pleaselisten.I________askingyourparentstocometoourschool,butI'dliketohearyouropinionfirst.A.haveconsideredB.amgoingtoconsiderC.consideredD.havebeenconsidering2.________bythelatestelectronictoys,thelittleboystoodinfrontofthewindows,withoutmoving.A.TobeattractedB.AttractedC.HavingattractedD.Attracting3.Hehadplannedtomakeacompromise,but________hechangedhismindatthelastminute.A.thereforeB.otherwiseC.anyhowD.somehow4.Researchuniversitieshavetokeepupwiththelatestcomputerandscientifichardware________price.A.nottomentionB.inadditiontoC.onaccountofD.regardlessof5.Thesedaysthegovernmenthasissuedseveraleconomicpoliciesthatwill________thegrowthofmanufacturingindustry.A.accelerateB.accomplishC.accumulateD.approve6.________thatyouarechosenasavolunteerattheOlympicGames,whatwillyoudo?A.AssumedB.ToassumeC.AssumingD.Tobeassumed7.—Anyinformationaboutyourson?—No.IfonlyI________thosetoughwordstohim.A.didn'tsayB.hadn'tsaidC.shouldn'thavesaidD.couldn'thavesaid8.Hesayswhateverhethinks,________otherpeople'sfeelings.A.nottomentionB.apartfromC.regardlessofD.inspite9.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only________thathiswifehadlefthim.A.tobetoldB.telling-7-\nC.beingtoldD.told10.________,wemustexpectchangestobemadeinoursystemofteaching.A.LookingaroundB.LookingaheadC.WatchingoutD.Seeingaround11.—Iam________endlessexaminations.—Cheerup,David.Keeponuntilthecollegeentranceexaminationends.A.caughtupwithB.comeupwithC.fedupwithD.putupwith12.Tomissaid________anewcomputerprogramrecently,butIdon'tknowwhenhe'llfinishit.A.todesign B.tobedesigningC.tohavebeendesigning D.tohavedesigned13.Theresidentsintheneighborhoodall________thegovernment'sdecisiontoclosethesmalldyefactory.A.deletedB.identifiedC.interruptedD.applauded14.—I'mgoingtoApplebytomorrow.—________!I'mgoingupthere,too.A.WhatacoincidenceB.GoodluckC.CongratulationsD.Goodchance15.Allthesetreesareover800yearsold,some________backto1,000yearsago.A.datingB.datedC.dateD.todateⅡ.阅读理解A[2022·山东卷]OneofthegreatestcontributorstothefirstOxfordEnglishDictionarywasalsooneofitsmostunusual.In1879,OxfordUniversityinEnglandaskedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossibleandwouldgivenotonlythedefinitionbutalsothehistoryofthewordandquotations(引文)showinghowitwasused.Thiswasahugetask,soMurrayhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain,theUnitedStates,andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper,magazine,andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundredsofvolunteersresponded,includingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericansurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEngland.Hegavehisaddressas“Broadmoor,Crowthorne,Berkshire,”50milesfromOxford.MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.Overthenext17years,hebecameoneofthestaff'smostvaluedcontributors.Buthewasalsoamystery.Inspiteofmanyinvitations,hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisitOxford.Soin1897,MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.Whenhearrived,hefoundMinorlockedinabooklinedcellattheBroadmoorAsylum(精神病院)fortheCriminallyInsane.MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinued-7-\ncontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10,000submissionsin20years.MurraycontinuedtovisitMinorregularly,sometimestakingwalkswithhimaroundtheasylumgrounds.In1910,MinorleftBroadmoorforanasyluminhisnativeAmerica.Murraywasattheporttowavegoodbyetohisremarkablefriend.Minordiedin1920,sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywascompleted.The12volumesdefined414,825words,andthousandsofthemwerecontributionsfromaveryscholarlyanddevotedasylumpatient.16.Accordingtothetext,thefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary________.A.cameoutbeforeMinordiedB.waseditedbyanAmericanvolunteerC.includedtheEnglishwordsinventedbyMurrayD.wasintendedtobethemostambitiousEnglishdictionary17.HowdidDr.Minorcontributetothedictionary?A.HehelpedMurraytofindhundredsofvolunteers.B.Hesentnewspapers,magazinesandbookstoMurray.C.Heprovidedagreatnumberofwordsandquotations.D.HewenttoEnglandtoworkwithMurray.18.WhydidDr.MinorrefusetovisitOxford?A.Hewasshutinanasylum.B.HelivedfarfromOxford.C.Hewasbusywritingabook.D.Hedislikedtraveling.19.Prof.MurrayandDr.Minorbecamefriendsmainlybecause________.A.theybothservedintheCivilWarB.theyhadacommoninterestinwordsC.MinorrecoveredwiththehelpofMurrayD.MurraywenttoAmericaregularlytovisitMinor20.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDr.Minor?A.Braveanddetermined.B.Cautiousandfriendly.C.Considerateandoptimistic.D.Unusualandscholarly.21.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.B.ThefriendshipbetweenMurrayandMinor.C.MinorandthefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary.D.BroadmoorAsylumanditspatients.BInatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates,manyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisinglylittlestressisputonacademicinstruction.Inoneinvestigation(调查),300Japanese-7-\nand210Americanpreschoolteachers,childdevelopmentspecialists,andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhoodeducation.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondents(答问卷者)listed“togivechildrenagoodstartacademically”asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Onthecontrary,overhalftheAmericanrespondentschosethisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond,Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence(毅力),concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.ThevastmajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoreadathomebytheirparents.IntherecentcomparisonofJapaneseandAmericanpreschooleducation,91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixtytwopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented(强调个性发展的)Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.AstressontheimportanceofthegroupseeninJapaneseearlychildhoodeducationcontinuesintoprimaryschooleducation.LikeinAmerica,thereisdiversity(多样性)inJapaneseearlychildhoodeducation.SomeJapanesekindergartenshaveclearaims,suchasearlymusicaltrainingorpotentialdevelopment.Inlargecities,somekindergartensareattachedtouniversitiesthathaveprimaryandmiddleschools.SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversitybasedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren'schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotopratedschoolsanduniversities.Severalmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizing(智力化)insomeJapanesekindergartens.22.WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthatmanyAmericansbelieve________.A.JapaneseparentspaymoreattentiontopreschooleducationthanAmericanparentsB.Japan'seconomicsuccessistheresultofitsscientificachievementsC.JapanesepreschooleducationattachesgreaterimportancetoacademicinstructionD.Japan'shighereducationisbetterthantheirs23.InJapan'spreschooleducation,thefocusison________.A.preparingchildrenacademicallyB.developingchildren'sinterestsinmusicC.discoveringchildren'spotentialD.shapingchildren'scharacter24.FreeplayhasbeenintroducedinsomeJapanesekindergartensinorderto________.A.lightenchildren'sstudyloadB.encouragechildren'screativityC.broadenchildren'sviewsD.enrichchildren'sknowledge25.WhydosomeJapaneseparentssendtheirchildrentouniversitybasedkindergartens?-7-\nA.Theycanhavenoproblemsintheirfuturestudies.B.Theycanhaveclearaimsinlife.C.Theycansucceedindevelopingineveryway.D.Theycanhavebetterchancesofgettingafirstrateeducation.Ⅲ.[2022·北京卷]开放作文请根据下面提示,写一篇短文。词数不少于50。YouarediscussingthefollowingpicturewithyourEnglishfriendJim.Nowyouaretellinghimhowyouunderstandthepictureandwhatmakesyouthinkso.参考答案课时作业(四十)Ⅰ.1.D 句意:——老师,我在。——请听好。我一直在考虑让你父母来学校,但我想先听听你的意见。havebeenconsidering是现在完成进行时,表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在,并且还在进行。2.B 考查非谓语动词。句意:这个小男孩被最新的电动玩具所吸引,站在橱窗前一动也不动。句子的主语thelittleboy与attract构成逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词。tobedone表示动作尚未发生。3.D 考查副词辨析。此处somehow意为“不知怎的”。句意:他已打算妥协,可是不知怎的在最后的时刻他又改变了主意。4.D nottomention更不必说,不必提及;inadditionto除……之外;onaccountof由于,因为,为了……的缘故;regardlessof不顾,不管。根据句意可知D项正确。5.A 考查动词词义辨析。句意:这些天政府发布了几项将会加快制造业发展的经济政策。accelerate意为“加速,提前”;accomplish意为“完成,实现”;accumulate意为“积累,增加”;approve意为“批准,赞成”。根据句意可知A项正确。6.C assumingthat…“假定……”为固定句型。类似表达有:providing/supposing(that)…7.B 考查虚拟语气。ifonly“要是……就好了”,后用虚拟语气。答句句意:要是我没对他说那些太严厉的话就好了。表示和过去事实相反,故用过去完成时。8.C 考查短语辨析。regardlessof意为“不考虑,不顾及”。nottomention意为“更别提,更别说”;apartfrom意为“除了”,所以A、B项意思不对;D项搭配不当。9.A 考查非谓语。此处onlytodo/bedone表示意料之外的结果;现在分词作结果状语则表示自然的结果。这里George和tell之间是被动关系,因此用tobetold。句意:战争后乔治回到家,结果被告知妻子已经离开了他。10.B 考查非谓语。句意:展望未来,我们希望我们的教学体系得以改变。lookahead意为“展望未来,为将来设想”;lookaround意为“向四处看”;watchout意为“注意,当心”;D项无此搭配。11.C-7-\n 考查动词短语辨析。句意:——我厌烦了无休止的考试。——振作起来,David。坚持到高考结束。befedupwith意为“厌倦,受够了,饱受”。catchupwith赶上;comeupwith提出(想法、办法等);putupwith忍受,容忍。12.C 考查不定式的时态。句意:据说汤姆最近在设计一种新的电脑程序,但我不知道他什么时候完工。后半句暗示“设计”这一动作还在进行,故用不定式的现在完成进行式。13.D 句意:临近的居民都拍手称赞政府关于关闭这个印染工厂的决定。delete删除;identify识别;interrupt打断;applaud赞赏。14.A 考查交际用语。从答语中的“I'mgoingupthere,too.”可知,答话人认为两个人都去Appleby是一件极为巧合的事,故用Whatacoincidence!15.A 考查独立主格结构。主句主语跟后面状语部分主语不一致,前后没有连词,说明应该用独立主格结构。datebackto“追溯到……”,一般不用被动,它与逻辑主语some(trees)应该是主动关系,因此用现在分词。Ⅱ.A这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了第一本牛津词典的编写过程,以及Minor对词典的编写工作所作出的巨大贡献。16.D 细节理解题。从最后一段的“Minordiedin1920,sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywascompleted.”看出A选项是不正确的;从第二段的“MurrayhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain,theUnitedStates,andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper,magazine,andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundredsofvolunteersresponded,includingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericansurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEngland.”看出牛津词典是集体智慧的结晶;由第一段最后一句中“ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossible”可知,C项不正确。故选D。17.C 细节理解题。从第三段的“MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray”看出,Minor提供了大量词汇和引文。故选C。18.A 细节理解题。从第四段的“MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.Whenhearrived,hefoundMinorlockedinabooklinedcellattheBroadmoorAsylumfortheCriminallyInsane.”看出,是由于Minor患精神病被关进医院里,所以没有办法去牛津。故选A。19.B 细节理解题。从第二段Minor自愿加入编词典这个活动可知,他对此很感兴趣,与Murray有着共同的兴趣,再从文章倒数第三段的“MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10,000submissionsin20years.”可找到答案。故选B。20.D 推理判断题。根据文章中Minor在患精神病住院期间还坚持词典的编写工作看出他的不寻常;从文章倒数第三段的“Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10,000submissionsin20years.”看出他的学者风范。故选D。21.C 主旨大意题。文章一开始主要介绍由来自英国、美国和英国殖民地的志愿者参加牛津词典的编写工作,后半部分主要写编者Minor对词典的编写工作所作出的巨大贡献。故选C。B这是一篇讲述日本学前教育的材料,文章指出日本学前教育的侧重点和对集体主义的重视,以及教育内容的丰富多样性。22.C 事实细节题。根据第一段“…theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisinglylittlestressisputonacademic-7-\ninstruction.”可知,美国人的看法应该是日本的学前教育非常重视专业技术知识的传授,因此C项是正确答案。23.D 事实细节题。由第一段倒数第二句“Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond,Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.”可知,在日本的学前教育中,老师并不教孩子读写和数学,而是重视培养孩子的素质,教育孩子们学会持之以恒、集中精力,并能融入集体之中。所以D项正确。24.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“…introducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.”可推测freeplay是用来减轻学生学习压力的,所以A项正确。25.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第四句“…itwillincreasethechildren'schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotopratedschoolsanduniversities.”可知,孩子们参加universitybased项目可以有更好的机会得到高等教育。故D项正确。Ⅲ.Onepossibleversion:Ithinkthelongpencil,lookingproudanddelighted,islaughingattheshortpencilbysaying“You'renearingtheend!”Theshortpencil,ontheotherhand,remainscalm.Thelongpencil'swordslethimfallintodeepthoughts.Heclearlyremembershehasbeenusedinwritinganddrawing.It'struethathe'sapproachingtheendbuthehasbeenlivingamemorablelifeandtherehasrarelybeenadullmoment.Inreality,weshouldlearnfromtheshortpencil:nottomindwhatotherssaysolongasweareconfidentinwhatwehavedone.-7-
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