（北京专用）2022届高考英语一轮复习方案 作业手册（5） Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero（含解析） 新人教版必修1

课时作业(五)　[必修1　Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero](限时：45分钟)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ⅰ.单项填空1．Wheneverwearein________trouble,weshouldneverlose________heart.A．a;theB．a;aC．/；/D．/;the2．PrincipalWhitehasbeenworkingintheschoolforabout20years,________allhisenergytoteachingandresearchingaswellastherunningofahealthyschool.A．devotedB．devotingC．todevoteD．anddevote3．Withthemoneyearnedfromtheschoolgarden,thestudentsboughtablackboard,chairsandotherthingsto________a“greenclassroom”．A．packupB．setupC．addupD．comeup4．Ican'tsayI'mthebest.Ihaveonly________mademoreeffortsthanothers.A．definitelyB．relativelyC．obviouslyD．certainly5．Apartfromtheopeningandclosingceremoniesandsomekeymatches,ticketpricewillbe________toordinarypeople.A．availableB．considerableC．acceptableD．practical6．Thetwonurses________100，000yuanbythepolicebutdonatedittovictimsoftheexplosion.A．rewardedB．wouldberewardedC．havebeenrewardedD．hadbeenrewarded7．She'shavingalotoftroublewiththenewcomputer,butshedoesn'tknowwhomto________．A．turntoB．lookforC．dealwithD．talkabout8．Thelastthirtyyears________thegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress.Untiltodaywehavereachedastage________wehavealmostnorightsatall.A．saw;whichB．see;whereC．areseeing;inwhichD．haveseen;where9．—Doyouknowanythingnewabouttheincident?—Aworkingparty________tolookintotheproblem.A．wassetupB．hasbeensetup-6-\nC．hasbeensettingupD．issettingup10．Thelittleboyisluckyenoughtohaveescaped________todeathinthebigfire.A．burningB．tobeburnedC．beingburnedD．tohavebeenburned11．Theislandis________attractiveinspringandautumnbecauseofthepleasantweatherinbothseasons.A．partlyB．merelyC．nearlyD．equally12．YoucanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleIhad________thepoorboywhowashurtseriously.A．helpB．tohelpC．helpedD．helping13．Onlyaftertheyhaddiscussedthematterforafewhours________adecision.A．theyreachedB．didtheyreachC．theyreachD．dotheyreach14．________Imethim，hewasworkingasasecretaryinabigcompany.A．ForthefirsttimeB．ThefirsttimeC．ThefirsttimewhenD．Whenthefirsttime15．Shepretendedtobecalmbut________shewasmorethannervousatthetimeshewasbeingquestioned.A．inactualB．actuallyC．asmatteroffactD．inafactⅡ.阅读理解AInanidealworld,peoplewouldnottestmedicinesonanimals.Suchexperimentsarestressfulandsometimespainfulforanimals,andexpensiveandtimeconsumingforpeople.Yetanimalexperimentationisstillneededtohelpbridgevastgapsinmedicalknowledge.Thatiswhytherearesome50to100millionanimalsusedinresearcharoundtheworldeachyear.Europe,onthewhole,hastheworld'smostrestrictivelawsonanimalexperiments.Evenso,itsscientistsusesome12millionanimalsayear,mostofthemmiceandrats,formedicalresearch.Officialstatisticsshowthatjust1.1millionanimalsareusedinresearchinAmericaeachyear.Butthatismisleading.TheAmericanauthoritiesdonotthinkmiceandratsareworthcountingand,asthesearethemostcommonlaboratoryanimals,thetruefigureismuchhigher.JapanandChinahaveevenlesscomprehensivedatathanAmerica.NowEuropeisreformingtherulesgoverninganimalexperimentsbyrestrictingthenumberofanimalsusedinlabs.Alternativestoanimaltesting,suchasusinghumantissueorcomputermodels,arenowstronglyrecommended.Inaddition,sharingallresearchresultsfreelyshouldhelptoreducethenumberofanimalsforscientificuse.Atpresent,scientistsoftenshareonlytheresultsofsuccessfulexperiments.Iftheirfindingsdonotfitthehypothesisbeingtested,theworkneverseesthelightofday.Thispracticemeanswastingtime,money,andanimals'livesinendlesslyrepeatingthefailedexperiments.-6-\nAnimalexperimentationhastaughthumanityagreatdealandsavedcountlesslives.Itneedstocontinue,evenifthatmeansanimalssometimessuffer.Europe'snewmeasuresshouldeventuallybothreducethenumberofanimalsusedinexperimentsandimprovethewayinwhichscientificresearchisconducted.16．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Thesuccessofanimalexperimentsshouldbeensured.B．Banontheuseofanimalsinthelabshouldbeenforced.C．Greatereffortsneedtobetakentoreducethenumberoflabanimals.D．Scientistsshouldberequiredtosharetheirresearchresultswitheachother.17．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutanimalsusedinthelab?A．Americausesonlyabout1.1millionlabanimalsperyear.B．Europedoesnotusemiceandratsaslabanimalsatall.C．BritaindoesnotuseasmanylabanimalsasChinadoes.D．Japanhaslimiteddataonthenumberoflabanimalsusedeachyear.18．Whichofthefollowingismentionedasanalternativetoreplaceanimalexperiments?A．Statisticalstudies.B．Computermodels.C．DNAplantedinanimals.D．Tissuefromdeadanimals.19．Whatusuallyhappenstounsuccessfulanimalexperiments?A．Theyarenotrevealedtothepublic.B．Theyaremadeintoteachingmaterials.C．Theyarecollectedforfuturepublication.D．Theyarenotremovedfromtheresearchtopiclist.BTodaywewillexplainaveryoldsayingthathashadabiginfluenceonrockandrollmusic.Thatsayingis“Arollingstonegathersnomoss”．Ithasseveralmeanings.Onemeaningisthatapersonwhoneversettlesdowninoneplacewillnotbesuccessful.Anotheristhatsomeonewhoisalwaysmoving,withnorootsinoneplace,avoidsresponsibilities.Thisproverbwassaidtobefirstusedinthe1500s.Butinthe1960s,theexpression“rollingstone”becamefamousintheworldofrockandrollmusic.Itbecamethenameofasong,arockgroupandamagazine.ExpertssayitallstartedwithasongbytheAmericansingerandguitaristMuddyWaters.Hewasoneofthecountry'stopbluesmusiciansuntilhisdeathin1983.HismusicinfluencedsingerslikeElvisPresleyandBobDylan.In1950,MuddyWatersrecordedasongcalled“RollingStone”．ABritishrockgroupissaidtohavetakenitsnamefromMuddyWaters'song.TheRollingStonesperformedforthefirsttimein1962.Thegroup'smemberscalledthemselves“theworld'sgreatestrockandrollband”．In1965,BobDylanreleasedhissong“LikeaRollingStone”．Itisoneofhisbestknownandmostinfluentialworks.-6-\nItisanangrysongaboutawomanwhowasoncerichandsuccessful.Butnowsheisonherown，“withnodirectionhome,likeacompleteunknown,likearollingstone”．In1967,ayoungmannamedJannWennerstartedamagazineandhenamedit“RollingStone”．Themagazinereportedonrockmusicandthepopularculturethatthemusiccreated.By1971，“RollingStone”hadbecometheleadingrockmusicandcounterculturepublication.Itisstillpopulartoday.20．Whichpersoncanbedescribedasarollingstoneaccordingtotheproverb?A．Apersonwhoalwayschangeshisjobs.B．Apersonwhohasasuccessfulcareer.C．Apersonwhohasnofamily.D．Apersonwhoisoutofwork.21．Allofthemaremusiciansexcept________．A．ElvisPresleyB．BobDylanC．MuddyWatersD．JannWenner22．Whofirstused“rollingstone”asanameformusic?A．JannWenner.B．BobDylan.C．ElvisPresley.D．MuddyWaters.Ⅲ.开放作文请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。YouarediscussingthefollowingpicturewithyourEnglishfriendJim.Nowyouaretellinghimhowyouunderstandthepictureandwhatmakesyouthinkso.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-6-\n参考答案课时作业(五)Ⅰ.1.C　考查冠词的用法。introuble处于困境中；loseheart失去信心。2．B　考查非谓语动词的用法。devote的逻辑主语就是主句的主语PrincipalWhite,后面有宾语allhisenergy，所以用现在分词表主动。3．B　考查动词短语辨析。setup成立，建立，符合句意。packup包起来；addup加起来；comeup出现。4．B　考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不能说自己是最好的，相对而言，我只是比别人付出更多努力而已。definitely意为“肯定地，当然地，明确地”；relatively意为“相对地，比较地”；obviously意为“显然地”；certainly意为“当然，一定”。根据句意可知B项正确。5．C　考查形容词辨析。acceptable可接受的，与to搭配，符合句意。available可用的；considerable相当多(或大、重要等)的；practical实际的。6．D　考查动词的时态和语态。根据句意可知，reward所表示的动作发生在“donated”这一动作之前，所以用过去完成时；分析句子结构可知，“reward”与“thetwonurses”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。故选D。7．A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：她新买的电脑使用起来很困难，但她不知道向谁求助。turnto求助于；lookfor寻找；dealwith处理；talkabout谈论。8．D　考查动词的时态和定语从句。句意：在过去这30年中，我们已经见证了……，故用现在完成时；stage作先行词，后面的定语从句中缺少地点状语，所以用where。9．B　考查动词的时态。句意：已经成立一个工作小组去调查这个问题了。故用现在完成时的被动语态。10．C　考查动词的用法。escape后跟动名词作宾语；由于主语thelittleboy是burn动作的承受者，所以要用动名词的被动式。11．D　考查副词的用法。根据本句后半部分的内容可知这座岛屿在春天和秋天同样吸引人，所以用equally表示“相等地，同样”。12．D　考查固定搭配。将句子成分greattrouble放回原处，即havetrouble(in)doing可知答案是D。13．B　考查倒装结构。句意：只有在他们讨论这个问题好几个小时之后他们才作出决定。only修饰时间状语从句且位于句首时，主句应采用部分倒装的形式。根据状语从句的时态可以确定主句应用一般过去时态。故选B。14．B　考查名词短语的连词功能。thefirsttime相当于一个连词，意为“第一次……”。15．B　考查词语辨析。句意：她假装镇静但实际上在被提问时她十分紧张。actually实际上，相当于infact,asamatteroffact。Ⅱ.A用动物进行试验被人们的舆论推向了风口浪尖，然而，受诸多因素的影响，终止动物实验的道路依然任重而道远。尽管欧洲有严格的法律限制，但是仍然需要另找突破口。16．C　主旨大意题。文章第一段指出用动物进行试验难以杜绝的原因，第二段提到欧洲对动物实验的法律限制的效果并不理想，第三段讲了欧洲为限制动物实验所作出的努力，最后一段提到欧洲的新措施应该既要减少用于实验的动物的数量，又要改善科学研究的方法，所以C项最能概括文章大意。17．D　正误判断题。第二段的最后一句提到日本和中国与美国的数据相比甚至更不全面，由此可推知日本对每年用于实验室动物的数据记录有限。-6-\n18．B　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的内容可知可用“人体组织”和“电脑模型”来取代动物实验。19．A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的倒数第二、第三句可知，科学家们只分享成功的试验，如果结果与假设不符，所做的工作将不公开。由此可推断不成功的试验不会展示给公众。B本文讲述的是谚语Arollingstonegathersnomoss.“滚石不生苔，改行不攒财”对滚石音乐的影响以及《滚石》杂志的诞生。20．A　推理判断题。从第一段的最后两句话可知这句谚语有两种含义，一种是那些不安心待在某个地方的人不会成功，另一种是那些扎不下来根儿的人不负责任。A项指的是经常换工作的人，符合题意。21．D　细节理解题。根据第三段可知ElvisPresley，BobDylan和MuddyWaters都是音乐家；根据最后一段可知JannWenner是开办杂志《滚石》的人。故选D。22．D　细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“ExpertssayitallstartedwithasongbytheAmericansingerandguitaristMuddyWaters.”可知，rollingstone作为音乐的名字最早是被MuddyWaters使用的。Ⅲ.Possibleversion1：Jim,let'slookatthispicture.Yousee,theboyinthepictureisshowingoffhisstrongrightarmandproudofhisgreatstrength.However,hisleftarmappearsratherweak.Inmyopinion,thepicturewantstotellusthatweshouldnotoverlookourweakness.Usually,wetendtotakeprideinouradvantagesjustliketheboy.Butwereallyshouldknowthattheshortcomings,liketheweakleftarmoftheboy,maypreventusfromachievingsuccess.SoIthinkweoughttoworkonourweaknessesandstrengthsatthesametime.Whatdoyouthink,Jim?Possibleversion2：Jim,let'slookatthisinterestingpicture.Yousee,theboyinthepictureishappilyshowingoffhisstrongrightarm.Itisclearthatheisveryproudofhisgreatstrengthwhileheignoreshisleftarm,whichappearssoweak.Inmyopinion,thepictureshowsthatweshouldkeepabalancebetweenourstrengthsandweaknesses.Theboyinthepictureonlyfocusesonhisstrongrightarmwhichsymbolizeshisstrengthsbutignoreshisthinleftarmwhichrepresentshisweakpoints.Consequently,hemayencounterfailureinthefuture.Asweallknow,weoftenspendallourtimeandenergystrengtheningouradvantages.Butwereallyneedtoworkontheweaknesses.Otherwise,wewillbedraggeddownbytheshortcomingsandneverachievesuccess.Personally,Iwouldnotdosoliketheboy.Whatdoyouthink,Jim?-6-