2022人教版高考英语一轮复习训练：必修1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero（带解析）

A卷——小题夯基练Ⅰ.语境填词1．Thankstotheseeffectivemeasures,theairquality(质量)inthecityhasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.2．Twentyfiveyearsago,therewerehardlyanyeducation(教育)programsforenvironment.3．Thesestudentsthinkthatthefootballgameisaninterestingactivity(活动),wheretheycandevelopnotonlytheirhealthbutalsotheirteamspirit.4．GladtolearnthatyouarecomingtoChinaforavisit,Iamwilling(乐意的)torecommendsomehistoricsitesthatmayinterestyou.5．Thegoaloftheiractivitiesistostopviolence(暴力)againstanimals.6．Atthattime,NelsonMandelawasalawyer(律师),whooftenofferedblackpeoplelegaladviceandhelp.7．Yourvote(投票)canbeofrealsignificanceintheoutcomeoftheelection.8．Wemustfollowtheprinciple(原则)thateducationshouldbefairtoeveryone.Ⅱ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaning(mean)inmylife.2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Weareconfidentthatwecanwinthiscompetition.Butwesincerelyhopeyouwillgiveusyourguidance(guide)andencouragement.3．Founded(found)morethanonehundredyearsago,PekingUniversityisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesinChina.4．Charlieisverypolitetoeverybody,soshemustbeaneducated(educate)person.5．Inordertopreventanargument,thetwosidesdecidedtosettletheprobleminapeaceful(peace)way.6．Katewaswalkingintheparkwhenshewas_attacked(attack)byanextremelyfiercedogandgotseriouslyinjured.7．Itwasin1918thattheBritishwomengottherightto_vote(vote)．8．Hiseffortswere_rewarded(reward)whenhereceivedtheNobelPrizeeventually.,Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)1．Hewasputintoasituationwherehehadtochangehismindandagreedtogowiththem.2．Althoughhemadeaseriousmistakeinhiswork,hewasluckytoescapebeing_fired(fire)byhisboss.3．HeoftenlentmeahandwhenIwasintrouble,forwhichIwasgrateful.4．Itwasreportedthatmorethan40percentofpeopledevotetimetovolunteering(volunteer)everymonth.5．Mandelawassentencedtofiveyears'hardlabourforencouragingviolenceagainstantiblacklaws.6．The70thNationalDayhas_witnessed(witness)thegrowingprosperityofourcountryinthepast70years.7．Heisamanwhoisactiveinsocialactivities,andheiswillingto_do(do)publicserviceworknowandthen.8．Graduateshavetofightforjobsinahighlycompetitivemarket.Ⅳ.易错误用(改正下列语句中的错误，每句最多两处错误)1．Whenthenewrulercametothepower,hecarriedonahighpressurepolicy.Myunclewassentencingtothreeyearsinprisonbecausehevotedforthegovernment'spolicy.Angrysupportersofmyuncleblowupthegovernmentofficebuildingandforcedtherulertoreleasemyuncle.答案：第一句：删除power前的the；第二句：sentencing→sentenced；for→against；第三句：blow→blew2．AsfarasIknow,hehasbeenoutoftheworkforseveralmonths,buthebehavesasifnothinghappened.答案：删除the；在happened前加had3．Theboylosthisheartwhenheknewhefailedtheexamagain.答案：删除his4．Nowadaysmanyschoolchildrendevotetoomuchtimetoplaycomputergames.,答案：play→playing5．Hewasinvolvedinabankrobberyandwassentencedforsixyearsinprison.答案：for→to6.SheoftenhelpedmewithmyEnglishgrammar，towhichIwasthankful.答案：to→forⅤ.完成句子/句型转换/一句多译1．(浙江卷)我的确希望你能够和我们一起(去爬山)，因为GreenHill是一个放松的好地方，我们肯定玩得十分高兴。(强调谓语)I_do_hope_that_you_could_join_usbecauseGreenHillissuchafineplacetorelaxandsurelywewillhaveagreattime.2．这是一个我们中国人既有许多挑战又有许多机遇的时期。This_is_a_time_whenweChinesehavebothagreatmanychallengesandopportunities.3．这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。Theoldtemplehas_seen_great_changes_of_the_villageinthepasttwohundredyears.4．Actually,wecan'tsucceedineverythingwetry.→As_a_matter_of_fact,_wecan'tsucceedineverythingwetry.5．IrealizedknowledgeisvaluableonlywhenIhadanotherfailureinmyjobseeking.→Only_when_I_had_another_failure_in_my_jobseeking_did_I_realize_knowledge_is_valuable.(倒装句)→It_was_only_when_I_had_another_failure_in_my_jobseeking_that_I_realized_knowledge_is_valuable．(强调句)6．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)钟南山致力于医疗事业，被全国人民赞美。①ZhongNanshandevotes_himself_tomedicalcareerandispraisedbypeoplealloverthecountry.②Devoting_himself_tomedicalcareer,ZhongNanshanispraisedbypeoplealloverthecountry.(现在分词作状语)③Devoted_tomedicalcareer,ZhongNanshanispraisedbypeoplealloverthecountry.(过去分词作状语),B卷——大题提能练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·合肥高三调研)NoelleStevensonhasalwaysbeenafanofsciencefictionandfantasies.Asakid,shelovedthespacebattles,themagic，thequeststhatseemedlargerthanlife.Buttherewasaproblemwithherfavoritechildhoodstories,likeStarWarsandTheLordoftheRingsseries.“Ineverquitesawmyselfreflectedinthem，”Stevensonsays,“certainlynotattheheartofthestory.”ShewantedafemaleversionofLukeSkywalkerandLordSauron.Stevensonbeganhercareerasacomic(连环漫画)writer.In2015,hergraphicnovelNimonawasaNationalBookAwardsfinalistandherseriesLumberjaneswontwoEisnerAwards.WhenNetflixandDreamWorkswantedtoreboot(重新启动)SheRa：PrincessofPower—anepicshowdownbetweenmagicalprincessesandanevilalieninvader—Stevensonwasallin.Shekeptmuchoftheoriginalshow'sactionandadventure—thereboottakesplaceontheplanetEtheria,andoneoftheprincesseswhoaretryingtostoptheevilHordearmyfromtakingoverisnamedAdora.Shegrewupbehindenemylines,takenfromherhomebytheHordeandraisedasasoldier.Buteventually,AdorarealizestheatrocitiestheHordehascommittedagainsttheEtheriansandleavestojointherebellion(叛乱),andshequicklyfindsamagicalswordthattransformsherintoagiantwarriorprincessnamedSheRa.Stevensondidmakeonesmallbutimportantchangetotheshow：Itsname.TheNetflixandDreamWorksversionisSheRaandthePRINCESSESofPower.Alltheprincessesareimportant.1．WhatwastheproblemwithStevenson'sfavoritechildhoodstories?,A．Theywerenotappealing.B．Theywerefullofviolence.C．Theylackedwomencharacters.D．Theyhadquiteconfusingplots.2．WhatdoweknowabouttherebootedSheRa：PrincessofPower?A．Itwasadaptedconsiderably.B．ItwasawardedtwoEisnerAwards.C．Itwasfinallyfilmedin2015.D．Itwasproducedbytwocompanies.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“atrocities”inparagraph3referto?A．Violentactions.B．Cruelinstructions.C．Sorrowfulsuicides.D．Valuableresources.4．WhatcanweinferaboutNoelleStevensonfromthetext?A．Shelovescomedy.B．She'satalentedwriter.C．She'saprincess.D．SheworksforNetflix.【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。诺艾尔·史蒂文森是科幻小说和幻想故事的粉丝，但她发现自己最喜欢的童年故事里没有女性主人翁。她以漫画作家的身份开始了她的职业生涯，她的漫画小说Nimona入围美国国家图书奖，系列小说Lumberjanes两次获得艾斯纳奖(EisnerAwards)。她还与网飞公司和梦工厂合作重新启动SheRa：PrincessofPower。1．C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句诺艾尔·史蒂文森说的话和该段最后一句“ShewantedafemaleversionofLukeSkywalkerandLordSauron.”可知，她童年喜爱的故事中存在的问题是缺少女性角色，故C项正确。2．D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“NetflixandDreamWorkswanted,toreboot(重新启动)SheRa：PrincessofPower”和尾段第二句“TheNetflixandDreamWorksversionisSheRaandthePRINCESSESofPower.”可知，网飞公司和梦工厂两家公司制作了这部影片，故D项正确。3．A　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“theHordehascommittedagainsttheEtheriansandleavestojointherebellion(叛乱)”可以推断，最终阿多拉意识到霍德对艾瑟里亚星球上的人犯下的暴行，离开霍德加入了叛乱。故画线词意为“暴行”，故A项正确。4．B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“In2015，hergraphicnovelNimonawasaNationalBookAwardsfinalistandherseriesLumberjaneswontwoEisnerAwards.”可知，2015年，她的漫画小说Nimona入围美国国家图书奖，她的系列小说Lumberjanes两次获得艾斯纳奖。结合下文中的“NetflixandDreamWorkswantedtoreboot(重新启动)SheRa：PrincessofPower”可以判断，诺艾尔·史蒂文森是一位才华横溢的作家，故B项正确。B(2021·潍坊6月模拟)TeenagersmaynotknowthenameKevinMayer,buthe'sabouttoplayanoutsizeroleintheirlives.ThelongtimeleaderofTheWaltDisneyCompanyjustbecameCEOofTikTok(抖音)．Indoingso,Mayerwilltakechargeofanappwhoseinfluenceoveralotofpeoplehasmadeitoneofthemostinfluential,althoughcontroversial(有争议的),platformsoftheera.MayerhasbeenwithDisneysincetheearly1990s—minusaperiodasCEOofPlayboy.com—andhe'shelpedtoacquiresomeimportantbrandsinthefilmindustry.Morerecentlyhe'sbecomeknownforhiskeyroleinthelaunchoftheallimportantDisneyPlusstreamingservice.Mayerwasthoughttobeamongthemost,obviouspotentialsuccessorstooutgoingCEOBobIger,buthewaspassedoverforBobChapek,whoranDisney'sthemeparkunit.Mayer'sdeparturefromDisneymaynotbeasurprise,buthismovetoTikTokisunexpected.Theapp,ownedbyChinabasedByteDance,isatacrucialmomentinitsshorthistory—seeingenormousgrowthbutfacingincreasingcriticismoveritsdatacollectionpractices.Asitrisesininfluence,thecompanywillsurelyfaceagrowingdrumbeatofintensemediaandstrictmonitoring.Incontrast,Disneyhasneverbeenmoredelicate,withtheCOVID19pandemichavingbrokennearlyallofitscorebusinessunits,fromtheclosedownofthemeparksandmovietheaterstoongoinginterruptionstoitsproductionschedules.Mayer,whateverelseismotivatingthemove,ishopping(跳)toanotherpositionatapropertime.5．What'sthetextmainlyabout?A．ThejobhoppingofaCEO.B．TherisinginfluenceofTikTok.C．ThedeclineofTheWaltDisneyCompany.D．Theintensecompetitionbetweencompanies.6．What'sthelikelyreasonforMayer'sdeparturefromDisney?A．Hehasbeenofferedahighersalary.B．Hewasn'tqualifiedforhispreviousjob.C．Hepreferredanewcareerconcerningteenagers.D．HefailedtosucceedBobIgerasCEOofDisney.7．WhatdoweknowaboutTikTokaccordingtothetext?A．Potentialbutdelicate.B．Profitablebutimmoral.C．Popularbutcontroversial.D．Professionalbutaddictive.8．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．ToadvertiseforDisney.B．Toreportapieceofnews.C．Torecommendanewapp.,D．Tocomparetwocompanies.【解题导语】　本文是一篇新闻报道。凯文·梅耶尔辞去迪士尼高管的职务，出任抖音的首席执行官。5．A　解析：主旨大意题。结合全文内容，尤其是第二段的“ThelongtimeleaderofTheWaltDisneyCompanyjustbecameCEOofTikTok(抖音)．”和全文最后一句“Mayer，whateverelseismotivatingthemove,ishopping(跳)toanotherpositionatapropertime.”可知，文章主要介绍了凯文·梅耶尔辞去迪士尼公司的高管职务，跳槽到中国抖音，故选A。6．D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，梅耶尔曾被认为是最有可能接替即将离任的首席执行官的人之一，但因为负责迪士尼主题公园的鲍勃·查伯克，梅耶尔失去了晋升的机会，故选D。7．C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Theapp，ownedbyChinabasedByteDance，isatacrucialmomentinitsshorthistory—seeingenormousgrowthbutfacingincreasingcriticismoveritsdatacollectionpractices.”可知，抖音目前正处于一个关键时期——有极大的增长，但同时因为平台数据采集的做法也受到了越来越多的批评，故选C项，意思是“受欢迎但有争议的”。8．B　解析：写作目的题。本文是一则关于迪士尼高管跳槽中国抖音的新闻报道，并非在为迪士尼公司打广告或推荐新的应用程序，也不是在对比两家公司，故选B。【难句分析】　Indoingso，Mayerwilltakechargeofanappwhoseinfluenceoveralotofpeoplehasmadeitoneofthemostinfluential，althoughcontroversial(有争议的)，platformsoftheera.分析：本句是主从复合句。Mayerwilltakechargeofanapp是句子主干，whose引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词anapp。定语从句中althoughcontroversial是一个用了省略形式的让步状语从句，定语从句的谓语是hasmade，宾语是it，后面的one,ofthemostinfluentialplatformsoftheera是宾语补足语。译文：如此一来，梅耶尔将要负责一个应用软件，这个应用软件因其对很多人的影响而成为这个时代最具影响力的平台之一，尽管这个平台有争议。Ⅱ.七选五(2021·泰安6月模拟)Howtoliveahappylife?Thefollowingsuggestionsmaybeofgreathelptoyou.Keeppositive.1.________Optimistshavea35%lesschanceofhavingaheartattackorstroke,aremorelikelytoeatahealthydietandexerciseregularly,havestrongerimmunesystemsandevenlivelonger.Ifyoufaceachallengeorobstacle,you'remorelikelytoseeitasatemporaryorevenoptimisticthing,allowingyoutolearnandgrow.Startvolunteering.2.________Itcanreducetheriskofcognitive(认知的)disorder.Itcanevenhelpuslivelonger.Evenifyouhavelittletimetooffer,justtheactofgivinghasbeenshowntoimproveyourhealth,possiblybytemporarilyreducingyoursenseofpain.Begrateful.Countingourblessingsprotectsusagainstanxietyanddepressionandboostsoptimism.Oneofthebestwaystomakethankfulnessapartofyourlifeistokeepajournal.3.________Keepinggratitudeandrecordingyourgooddeedsmayhelpyoulivehappily.4．________Peoplewhoaremoresociallyconnectedwithfamily,friendsandthecommunityarehappier.They'rephysicallyhealthier，andtheylivelongerthanpeoplewhoarelessconnected.Highconflictmarriages,withoutmuchaffection,turnouttobeverybadforhealth,perhapsworsethangettingdivorced.5.________A．Eathealthilyandhappily.B．Strengthensocialconnections.C．Lookingonthebrightsideoflifeisreallygoodforyou.D．Instead,livingingoodrelationshipsisbeneficialtohealth.E．Youcansetdownsomepositiveexperiencesinyourdiary.F．You'llhavenotimetovolunteerandgivethanksinyourlife.G．Studiesshowvolunteeringcanreducestressanddepression.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何过上幸福的生活。,1．C　解析：考查细节支撑句。根据本段的主题句“Keeppositive.”及空后的“Optimistshavea35%lesschanceofhavingaheartattackorstroke...andevenlivelonger.”和“allowingyoutolearnandgrow”可知，本段主要讲的是要保持乐观，空后内容说明了保持乐观的好处，故C项符合语境。2．G　解析：考查细节支撑句。根据本段的主题句“Startvolunteering.”可知，本段主要讲的是要开始志愿服务，再结合“Itcanreducetheriskofcognitive(认知的)disorder.Itcanevenhelpuslivelonger.”等内容可知，空处所填内容应与“志愿服务及其益处”有关，故G项符合语境。3．E　解析：考查承上启下句。根据空前的“Oneofthebestwaystomakethankfulnessapartofyourlifeistokeepajournal.”可知，让感恩成为生活的一部分的最佳方式之一是写日记，因此，空处内容应与写日记有关。再结合空后的“Keepinggratitudeandrecordingyourgooddeedsmayhelpyoulivehappily.”可知，所记录的内容应是感恩之事、善行等积极的体验，故E项符合语境。4．B　解析：考查段落主旨句。根据空后的内容，尤其是“Peoplewhoaremoresociallyconnectedwithfamily，friendsandthecommunityarehappier.”可知，此处主要强调了社会关系的重要性，故B项符合语境。5．D　解析：考查细节支撑句。根据空前的“They'rephysicallyhealthier，andtheylivelonger...Highconflictmarriages,withoutmuchaffection，turnouttobeverybadforhealth”可知，有良好的社会关系的人更健康，活得更久，高冲突的婚姻有害健康，因此空处内容应陈述另一种情况，即良好的社会关系有益健康，故D项符合语境。Ⅲ.语法填空(2021·河北高三六校第一次联考)Dressedinaflowingrobe(长袍)1.____________(decorate)withfloralembroidery(花卉刺绣)fromapastera,stylist,XiaoHanglookslikeshecamefromatimemachine.ShewalksacrossthenoisyBeijingsubway，2.____________(attract)curiousglancesandquestions.China3.____________(welcome)westernfashionandfuturistictechnologyduringthepastdecades,4.____________agrowingnumberofyoungpeoplelikeXiaoarelookingatthepastfortheirdressingchoices.5.____________(obvious),theyprefertoputontraditional“hanfu”，or“Hanclothing”．Thesehistoric6.____________(costume)areenjoyingacomebackbecausethegovernmentispromotingtraditionalculture.Perioddramashavealsocontributedtoa7.____________(great)interestintraditionalChineseclothingandahigherdemandforit.Xiao，8.____________usedtoworkatastateownedmachinemanufacturingcompany,nowrunsherownhanfubusiness，whereshedressescustomersforphotoshootsandevenplanshanfustyleweddings.However,thereisstillsomewaybeforethestylereacheswide9.____________(accept)inChina.Manypeoplesaytheirhesitationisduetotheoddlookstheygetwhenthey'rewearinghanfu10.____________public.【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。设计师肖航经营着自己的汉服公司，她为客户提供汉服拍照服务，甚至策划汉服风格的婚礼。与过去崇尚西方时尚风格相对，越来越多的年轻人更喜欢中国传统服装文化。1．decorated　解析：考查过去分词。分析该句结构可知，空处作名词robe的后置定语，修饰该名词；robe和动词decorate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故空处用过去分词decorated。2．attracting　解析：考查现在分词。分析该句结构可知，主语She和动词attract之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故空处用现在分词attracting。3．haswelcomed/hasbeenwelcoming　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处作谓语，根据该句时间状语“duringthepastdecades”可知，该句陈述的是从过去一直持续到现在的事情，而且还可能继续下去，故用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，又主语为China，故可知答案。4．but　解析：考查连词。空前陈述“,多年来中国一直欢迎西方时尚和极其现代的技术”；空后表述“越来越多像肖这样的年轻人在选择服装时把目光投向过去”，空处前后为转折关系，故填but。5．Obviously　解析：考查副词。分析该句结构可知，空处修饰后面的整个句子，故用副词形式。6．costumes　解析：考查名词的单复数。costume可以当作可数名词讲，根据该句系动词are可知，该处应用复数形式。7．greater　解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的比较级higher可知，空处与此对应，也应用比较级。句意：历史剧也促使人们对中国传统服饰产生了更大的兴趣和更高的需求。8．who　解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Xiao，指人，空处在从句中作主语，故用who引导该定语从句。9．acceptance　解析：考查名词。形容词修饰名词，根据形容词wide可知，空处用名词形式，此处表示“广泛接受”。10．in　解析：考查固定搭配。inpublic为固定搭配，意为“公开地”，符合语境。句意：很多人说，他们之所以会犹豫是因为公开穿汉服时别人会用奇怪的眼神看他们。