2023高考英语 单选全攻破 第二单元 第一部分 单项选择题型考点简介与命题趋势

高考单项选择题考点大家可能都知道,研究历届高考题,你会发现有些考点是每年必考,有的考题几乎是如出一辄,格式一样(或几乎一样),形式一样,内容相似.　　单项选择题考点透析　　1、命题原则　　突出语篇、强调应用、注重实际、体现能力　　2、备考考点　　①动词和动词短语、时态和语态、情态动词、定语从句、情景交际是重点。　　②冠词、代词、句型和惯用法是考查的新趋势。　　③主谓一致、非谓语动词、倒装、强调和疑问句等是重难点(考查基本)，但分值不大。　　④形容词、副词的级别及词性间的转化、连接副词、关联词、介词等考量不大。　　3、备考知识　　①正确分析句子类型(简单句、复合句和并列句)正确分析句子类型是正确理解题干、作出正确选择的关键。　　②掌握核心结构，准确获取题干信息。　　③通读题干，全面理解语境。　　④结合生活实际和生活常识进行推理。　　⑤注意文化差异。　　4、解题方法和技巧　　①研究拟题意图，对症下药　　②句子结构分析　　③找信息词，求最佳答案　　▲④结构分析，简繁转化(还原法)如：下句：　　Ratherthan____onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_____abicycle.　　A.ride;ride　　B.riding;ride　　C.ride;toride　　D.toride;riding　　题干实际上是个倒装句，将其还原成正常形式为：Healwaysprefer____abicycleratherthan____onacrowdedbus.这样我们就很清楚地看出该句考查的句型是：prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.结构，因此最佳答案应是C.　　5、常见解题失误　　①不能摆脱母语干扰。　　②不能摆脱思维定势　　③不注意分析题干　　④忽略关键信息词　　⑤忽略(空格前后)附加信息。(1)冠词　　1.Iwonderwhatitfeelsliketobeoneof____reallyrich.TheBrowsalreadyhaveRollsRoyceandnowtheyarebuying_____third.[仿04NMET(I)--24]　　A.the;the　　B.不填;a　　C.the;a　　D.不填;the　　2.---Whatdoyouthinkabout____dressintheshopwindow?　　---Oh,it'sbeautiful.Shewillbepleasedifshecanhaveitas____birthdaypresent.[仿04NMET(I)--24]　　A.a;a　　　　B.a;the　　　C.the;a　　　D.the;the　　3.OnNovember11,2004,PalestinianslearntthatYasserArafat,_____symbol10\noftheirstruggle,diedin_____Parishospital.[仿04NMET(I)--24]　　A.a;/　　　　B.the;a　　　　C.a;the　　　　D.the;the　　4.---It'sreportedthatnearly150,000peoplelosttheirlivesinAsiantsunamis(海啸).　　---Yes,______newscameas_____shocktome.[仿04NMET(I)--24]　　A.the;a　　　　B.the;the　　　　C.a;a　　　　D.a;the　　5.---Howmanypeoplearestillleading_____lifeunder______povertylineintheworld?　　---Perhapsonefourth.[仿2004NMET(IV)-35]　　A.the;不填　　　B.a;the　　　　C.a;a　　　　D.不填;不填　　(2)代词　　6.---ItissaidthatJackisveryrichandgoestoworkinhisownnewcareveryday.Whatishe?　　---_______,Iamnotsure.　　A.Somebodyofamanager　　　　B.Somethingofamanager　　C.Anyoneofamanager　　　　　D.Anythingofamanager　　[仿04辽宁卷-24/04NMET-35/04江苏卷-21/04浙江卷-33/04福建卷-22/04重庆卷-31/04广东卷-27/04湖南卷--21]　　7.Astheyareretired,MrandMrsScottpreferahouseinthecountrytospendtheirlateyearsto_____inalargecity.[仿NMET(III)--34]　　A.like　　　　B.it　　　　C.one　　　　D.that　　8.---HaveyougotusedtotheChinesefood,Robert?[仿04四川卷--32]　　---Yes.ButIdon'tlike_____whenaChinesehostkeepsservingmethefoodIdon'tlike.　　A.this　　　　B.that　　　　C.those　　　　D.it　　9.---Excuseme,where'sthetea-room?　　---It'srightoverthere.CanIhelpyouwith_____?[仿04湖南卷--21]　　---No,thanks.　　A.anything　　B.something　　C.nothing　　D.everything　　10.---CanyoucomeonMondayorTuesday?[仿04北京卷--21]　　---I'mafraid_____dayispossible.　　A.either　　　B.some　　　　C.neither　　　D.any　　11.---What'sthedifferencebetweenthefirsthouseandthesecond?[仿04浙江卷--33]　　---Thefirsthousehasagaragewhilethesecondhas_____.　　A.noone　　　B.nothing　　　C.neither　　　D.none　　(3)形容词、副词极其级别　　12.Thehouserentisexpensive.I'vegotabouthalfthespaceIhadathomeandI'mpaying_____here.[仿04广西卷--33]　　A.asmuchthreetimes　　　　　B.muchasthreetimes　　C.twicetimesmuch　　　　　　D.threetimesasmuch　　13.---WeareleavingonJune15.[仿04江苏卷--32]　　---Sowhynotcometospend_____dayswithus?I'mserious.　　A.alltheselastfew　　　　　B.thesealllastfew10\n　　C.theselastfewall　　　　　D.alllastthesefew　　14.Shelooksmorebeautifulwhenshewearsher____skirt.{仿04江苏卷--32}　　A.greentightnewsilk　　　　B.newtightgreensilk　　C.silknewtightgreen　　　　D.tightsilkgreennew　　15.It'stoolatetogooutnow.____,it'sstartingtorain.[仿04NMET(I)--35]　　A.Meanwhile　　B.However　　C.Besides　　　D.Anyhow　　16.Thispairofshoesdoesn'tlookgood,butthatpairis_____better,Ithink.[仿2004湖南卷--27]　　A.rather　　B.less　　C.even　　　D.hardly　　(4)动词短语积及动词词义及辨析　　17.Shoppingonlinecan_____bothconvernienceandchoice,butnot_____websitesaresafeenoungforshopping.[仿04湖南卷--34]　　A.charge;either　　B.supply;any　　C.offer;all　　D.provide;both　　18.---Whenshallwestart?　　---Let's_____thetimeforthetrip.Whatabout8:30?Isthatallright?[仿2002北京卷25]　　A.set　　　　　B.meet　　　　C.make　　　　D.take　　19.---WouldyouliketocometothedinnerpartyhereonSaturday?　　---Thankyou.I'dloveto,_____I'llhavetofinishallmyhomeworkbeforetheweeked,otherwise,myparentswon'tletmego.[仿2002北京卷27]　　A.because　　　B.and　　　　C.so　　　　D.but　　20.NowRobert,afootballfaninourclass,_____romeofhisdailyallowancegivenbyhisparentsinordertobuyanewfootball.[仿04重庆卷--26]　　A.isgivingaway　　　　　　B.isthrowingaway　　C.isputtingaway　　　　D.istakingaway21.Johnhasputonsomuchweightrecentlythathismotherhasto_____allhistrouserstohismeasure.　　A.letout　　B.giveaway　　C.bringin　　D.makeup[仿04湖南卷--30]　　22.---Thoseshoeswon't_____formountain-climbing.　　---_____thispairbeOK?　　A.help;Shall　　B.work;May　　C.do;Will　　D.get;Would[仿04湖北卷36]　　23.Bill,oftenregardedasoneofthebeststudentsinhisclass,_____tobestudentwhocheatedintheexam.[仿04浙江卷--25]　　A.cameout　　B.letout　　C.sentout　　D.turnedout　　24.Ihadn'tintendedtogetmuchfromthebusinessIranthefirstyear,whileit____sowell.[仿04浙江卷--25]　　A.wentout　　B.carriedout　　C.madeout　　D.turnedout　　25.Hetookpityonthepeopleintheflooded-areasand______hisclothesandquiltstothem.[仿03北京卷23、NMET-2001--26]　　A.gaveaway　　B.gaveout　　C.sentout　　D.threwaway　　26.Hemighthave_____hisideaabouttheartattheexhibitionmuchbetterifhehadplannedwhathewantedtosay.[仿2002北京春招--33]　　A.carriedout　　B.workedout　　C.thoughtout　　D.madeout　(5)时态和语态10\n　　27.---Rememberthefirsttimewe____,Ed?[仿04四川卷--25]　　---Ofcourse,Ido.You_____asongonthestage.　　A.havemet;sang　B.met;sang　C.met;weresinging　D.havemet;havesung　　28.---I'msorry,butthere'snosmokingroominthissectiononthetrain.　　---Oh,I_____that,andIwon'tsmokeagain.　　A.don'tknow　　B.won'tknow　　C.didn'tknow　　D.haven'tknown　　29.Hi,Bill.I_____you_____inthiscity.Howlonghavebeenhere?[仿04福建卷--21]　　A.didn'tknow;wereB.don'tkow;areC.haven'tknown;areD.don'tknow;were　　30.---Sorry,Mum.I'velostmypenagain.　　---I_____it!Youneverremembertoputyourthingsawayafterusingthem.　　A.knew　　B.know　　C.haveknown　　D.willknow　　[仿04NMET-22/04辽宁卷-28/04重庆卷-23/04浙江卷-23/04江苏卷-34/04福建卷-21/04湖南卷--31]　　31.---HasTomfinishedhisjobyet?[仿04四川卷--25]　　---Ihavenoideaofit;he_____itthismorning.　　A.hasbeendoing　　B.hadbeendoing　　C.did　　D.wasdoing　　32.Ishouldverymuchliketohavegonetotheparty,but______.[仿04湖北卷--33]　　A.I'mnotinvited　　　　　　B.Iwon'tbeamongtheinvited　　C.theywon'tinviteme　　D.theydidn'tinviteme　　33.Hehasmuchmoneyatthebeginningofeverymonth,butbytheendofithe_____havelittleleft.　　A.can　　　　B.will　　　　C.must　　　　D.should　　[仿04NMET(I)--22]　　34.Sally______abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.[仿04NMET(II)--25]　　A.wrote　　　　B.haswritten　　　C.waswriting　　D.hadwritten　　35.---HasTomfinishedhiscompositionyet?　　---Ihavenoidea,he_____itthismorning.[仿04福建卷--21]　　A.wouldwrite　　B.haswritten　　C.wrote　　D.waswriting　　36.---Whywereyounotattheconcertlastnight?　　---Oh.I______forafriendfromEuropeattheairport.[仿04福建卷--21]　　A.watched　　B.havebeenwatching　　C.waswatching　　D.hadwatched　　37.Manynewworkers_____trainedandintwomonthstheywill_____tobuildanewrailway.　　A.are;besending　　　　　　B.arebeing;besent[仿04北京卷--22]　　C.are;send　　　　　　　　　D.willbe;betosend　　38.IthoughtIwasgoingtofailtheexam,butIsucceeded_______.[仿04NMET(IV)--32]　　A.firstall　　B.inall　　C.atall　　D.afterall　　39.---Whatwereyouuptowhenshedroppedin?[仿04天津卷--28]　　---I_____forawhileand____somereading.　　A.hadplayed;did　　　　　　B.played;did　　C.hadplayed;wasgoingtodoD.wasplaying;wasgoingtodo10\n　　40.---Haveyoutelephonedyourfather?[仿04NMET(II)--34]　　---Yes.He_____backnextyear.　　A.expects　　B.isexpected　　C.willexpects　　D.willbeexpected　　1-5:CCBAB6-10:BCDBC11-15:DDABC16-20:DCADB21-25:ACDDA26-30:DCCAA31-35:DDBCD36-40:CBDCB第二章高考单选题命题趋势I.高考英语单项选择题命题趋势:1.Easy-approaching近几年高考单项填空题基本体现了“知识化，语境化和交际化”的特点，没有出现以前所谓的偏﹑怪﹑难题。题干大部分比较灵活﹑简短，语境自然。这是第一个特点。【例】Weforgottobringourtickets,butpleaseletusenter,_____?A.doyouB.canweC.willyouD.shallwe2.Widecoveragewithhighlights考查点的覆盖面越来越广泛，但又做到了重点突出。这主要体现在复合句和非谓语动词的考查及名词和动词用法的考查上。【例】_____twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechangedourdog.A.BeingbittenB.BittenC.HavingbittenD.Tobebitten3.Beingsituational试题的立意由简单直接的“结构立意”转向复杂间接的“情景立意”。试题设置的语境明确，交际情景多是发生在学生学习或日常生活的真实情况。【例】---Hi,Terry,canIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon?---Sorry._____.A.It’srepairedB.IthasbeenrepairedC.It’sbeingrepairedD.Ithadbeenrepaired4.Complicatedstructure题干变得较长，题干句的语义结构趋于复杂化，语言信息量越来越大，但是有效信息由外现转为隐藏。这主要体现在非谓语动词和动词时态的考查上。【例】Thebiggestproblemformostplants,which_____justgetupandrunawaywhenthreatened,isthatanimalsliketoeatthem.A.shan’tBcan’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t5.Largevocabulary语义辨析和语义识别题越来越多，不但加强了对语义的考查，而且加重对词汇扩展能力的考查。【例】Chinahasgotagood____forfightingagainstthefluwithitscarefulandsmoothorganization.A.reputationB.influenceC.impressionD.knowledgeII.命题趋势分析总结：10\n1）纯语法的试题会减少；2）基础知识考查的覆盖面会越来越广；3）语境会更加突出；4）注重考查学生综合运用英语能力及逻辑推理能力；5）加大词义辨析（特别是动词和动词短语辨析）的考查。III.高考单项分类突破1.辨析型单项填空辨析型单项填空题是指通过对试题选项中的词汇﹑短语的形式和意义进行辨析，从而根据句子的意义对选项作出正确的判断和选择。此类题型往往考查对名词﹑动词﹑代词﹑形容词﹑副词﹑介词及短语意义和应用的辨析。1）词义辨析【例1】Thelosshasnotyetbeen_____accurately,butitisbelievedtobewellbeyondahundredmilliondollars.A.calculatedB.consideredC.completedD.controlled【例2】Comparedwithhissister,Jerryisevenmore_____to,andmoreeasilytroubledbyemotionalandrelationshipproblems.A.skepticalB.addictedC.availableD.sensitive2）词性辨析：【例1】_____hadIdoneitwhenIknewIhadmadeamistake.A.HardlyB.DirectlyC.MostlyD.Nearly【例2】_____ImeetMaryinthestreet,shewillgreetmewithasmile.A.BeforeB.SurelyC.EachtimeD.For3）短语辨析：包括：动词与不同的介词副词搭配；介词短语搭配等。【例1】Itisreportedthatthepolicewillsoon_____thecaseoftwomissingchildren.A.lookuponB.lookafterC.lookintoD.lookout【例2】---I’msurprisedtohearthatSueandPaulhave_____.---SoamI.TheyseemedveryhappytogetherwhenIlastsawthem.A.brokenupB.finishedupC.dividedupD.closedup2.结构型单项填空考查考生对英语句子结构的把握情况。表现：句子某些成分的省略；标点符号的识别；倒装或插入其他成分使句子前后分离等，因而引起句子结构的变化，扰乱考生对句子成分的判断。1）有省略的复合句---补全法由于宾语从句或定语从句中谓语部分行为动词的省略，致使考生对不定式状语产生误解。答题方法：尽量把省略部分补全，这有助于正确地确定答案。【例1】---Whatmadeyousohappy?---______.10\nA.BecauseofmypassingtheexamB.IpassedtheexamC.BecauseIpassedtheexamD.Mypassingtheexam【例2】---Wheredidyougettoknowher?---Itwasonthefarm_____weworked.A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where2）标点符号提示：由于受汉语习惯的影响，考生往往不注意标点符号，从而弄错句子结构。【例1】Mary,_____here---everybodyelse,staywhereyouare.A.comeB.comesC.tocomeD.coming【例2】Soontheycametoafarmhouse;_____roofwasmuchhigherthantheothers.A.whichB.whoseC.thatD.its【例3】Ihavemanyfriends,_____somearebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom3）插入语的影响---简化法有些句子插入了某些成分，从而使句子结构支离破碎，造成考生对句子结构的误解。解决方法：去掉插入语或附加的次要成分，就会迅速地找到答案。【例1】SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,_____reduceunemploymentpressures.A.helpB.tohavehelpedC.tohelpD.havinghelped【例2】E-mail,aswellastelephones,_____animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play3.逻辑型单项填空考查范围：主谓一致，意义一致，人称一致，谓语动词和逻辑主语一致等。【例1】_________therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrowintotheinternationalstars.A.GivingB.HavinggivenC.TogiveD.Given【例2】_________theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.A.CompetingB.HavingcompletedC.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete4.语境型单项填空在一定的语境进行语法知识和语言知识的考查，是近年高考试题中常见的题目，这就要求考生一定要以语境为切入点，认真思考，仔细分析，确定正确答案。10\n【例1】---Annisinhospital.---Oh,really?I______know.I______goandvisither.A.didn’t;amgoingtoB.don’t;wouldC.don’t;willD.didn't;will【例2】---It’stheoffice!Soyou______knoweatingisnotallowedhere.---Oh,sorry.A.mustB.willC.mayD.need5.交际型单项填空考查范围：问答情况，请求与建议，表示祝愿，道歉，感谢，表达意见，观点等。【例1】---Bill,canIgetyouanythingtodrink?---______.A.YouarewelcomeB.NoproblemC.Iwouldn’tmindacoffeeD.Doesn’tmatter.【例2】---Puttingonahappyfacenotonlyhelpsusmakefriendsbutalsomakesusfeelbetter.---_______.A.I’dlovetoB.I’mwithyouonthatC.It’suptoyouD.It’smypleasure【例3】---Ken,________,butyourTVisgoingtooloud.---Oh,I’msorry.I’llturnitdownrightnow.A.I’dliketotalkwithyouB.I’mreallytiredofthisC.IhatetosaythisD.Ineedyourhelp【例4】I’mamazedtohearfrommyschoolteacheragain._______,itistenyearssincewemetlast．A.InawordB.What’smoreC.That’stosayD.Believeitornot6.其它解题方法注意连词的提示有时一个连词会使句子结构发生改变,因此答题时要注意题干中的连词.【例1】HisteacherkeptontellinghimthatheshouldreadEnglishinthemorning,but_______didn’twork.A.heB.whichC.itD.all【例2】_______itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.Leaving10\nC.IfyouleaveD.Leave转化法所谓“转化法”就是把有些复合句、被动句、疑问句、倒装句、感叹句、强调句等转化为便于理解的简单句、主动句、陈述句等。1）将疑问句转化成陈述句【例】Whomisitupto_______thematter?A.decideB.todecideC.decidingD.decided2）转被动句为主动句【例1】Timeshouldbemadegooduseof_______ourlessonswell.AlearningBlearnedCtolearnDlearns【例2】CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_______thefirstcomputer.AtoinventBinventingCtohaveinventedDhavinginvented.3）将强调句式转化成一般句式【例】Itwas_______thatresultedintheterriblecaraccident.A.becauseofhercarelessnessB.herbeingcarelessC.becauseshewascarelessD.shewassocareless4）感叹句转化为陈述句【例】whatlittleTomsaidtohismothersounded!A.whatreasonableB.HowareasonableC.HowreasonableD.Whatareasonable5）将倒装语序转化成正常语序【例】Hereisanotebook,inwhich_______thenamesofthevisitors.A.writeB.writtenC.werewrittenD.waswritten6）删除附加结构,将复杂句转化成简单句【例】Johnplaysfootball_______,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas7）将先行词还原到定语从句中【例】Thestudyyouhavebeenmaking_______theancientChinesecharactersisaninstructivejob.A.toB.forC.ofD.from8）还原省略成分【例】Iftheweatherisfine,we'llgo.If_______,_______.　　A.not,notB.no,noC.not,noD.no,notIV．应试策略10\n1）做题时，要认真研读题目，寻找关键的信息词、词组或句子。切忌死抠语法条条框框，要注意上下文的关系，根据题干所提供的语境来确定最佳答案。2）做题时，要仔细分析，正确理解，通过调整语序或简化句子找到设问角度，弄清命题意图。3）做题时，要结合语境，注意惯用法和固定搭配，既要注意同义词（组）间的语法差异，又要注意它们之间的意义差异。4）做题时，要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是隐含于信息中的动词时间信息。发现和分析这些信息是解决问题的关键。V.复习策略1）全面学习掌握语法基础知识。2）突出重点，不要平均用力。词法方面：动词及动词短语辨析，动词的时态、语态，非谓语动词；句法方面：复合句是重点，三大从句及关联词的使用是高考热点，也是复习的重点。3）注重在语境中运用知识。特别是词义辨析题，必须放在语境中去熟练运用。有了语境的衬托，单词短语的用法便会一目了然。10