2023高考英语一轮复习第二部分语法专项突破第3板块理清复杂句式专题2定语从句对点训练含解析新人教版202304012138
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第二部分 语法专项突破第三板块 理清复杂句式专题二 定语从句————————————◄对点训练►———————————Ⅰ.单句语法填空(高考真题改编)1.(2019年天津卷)Theirchildisatthestage________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.解析:句意:他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不是完整句子的阶段。stage表示“阶段”,后接定语从句时,应该用关系副词where引导。答案:where2.(2019年北京卷)Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose______aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege'schancesandresources(资源).解析:先行词为those,指大学生们,故用who引导定语从句,who在从句中作主语。关系代词that可以指人,填that也可以。答案:who/that3.(2019年浙江卷)Uniformscanbeusefulinunexpectedways.AschoolinIrelandhasintroducedaninterestingnewuniform.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth________givesofflightinthedark.解析:空处后面的内容用来修饰apieceofcloth,而且在从句中作主语,所以用that或which来引导。答案:that/which4.(2019年全国卷Ⅱ)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9a.m.to5p.m.dailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.解析:分析句子结构可知,逗号后是非限制性定语从句,thepetshop是先行词,定语从句中缺少opened的宾语,故用which引导非限制性定语从句。答案:which5.(2019年全国卷Ⅲ)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.解析:分析句子结构可知,所填词引导定语从句,修饰指人的先行词theirmasters,且在从句中作主语,故填关系代词who或that。答案:who/that6.(2018年全国卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedthe\nriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.解析:分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是astudy,指物,且在从句中作主语,故填that或which。答案:that/which7.(2018年江苏卷)Selfdrivingisanarea________Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.解析:句意:无人驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家处于同一条起跑线上的领域。空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词anarea。将先行词代入定语从句后为:Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartinglineinthearea。由此可知,先行词与表地点的介词in一起在定语从句中作地点状语,所以要用关系副词where。答案:where8.(2018年北京卷)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,________helpsthemkeepfit.解析:句意:她和家人都骑自行车上班,这有助于他们保持健康。根据题干可知,从句修饰的是前面的整句话,“她和家人骑自行车上班”这件事充当了定语从句中的主语成分,且此定语从句前出现逗号,是非限制性定语从句,所以用which引导。答案:which9.(2018年天津卷)Kate,________sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.解析:句意:凯特去澳大利亚工作了。上大学期间我和她妹妹住同一房间。先行词为Kate,将先行词代入定语从句后为:IsharedaroomwithKate'ssisterwhenwewereatcollege。由此可见,关系词在定语从句中作定语,先行词指人,故填关系代词whose。答案:whose10.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,________isnotgoodforthehealth.解析:分析句子结构可知,空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语,且指代整个主句的内容,故填关系代词which。答案:which11.(2017年全国卷Ⅲ)ButSarah,________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.解析:引导词代替先行词在从句中作主语,且指人,故填who。答案:who12.(2017年北京卷)Thelittleproblems________wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.\n解析:句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句,从句缺少宾语,先行词是Thelittleproblems,故填that或which。答案:that/which13.(2017年天津卷)Myeldestson,________worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.解析:空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词son,空处在从句中作定语修饰work,故填关系代词whose。答案:whose14.(2017年江苏卷)In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.解析:先行词是theWorldFoodProgramme,空处在定语从句中作定语,这里限定purposes,故填whose。答案:whose15.(2016年全国卷Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s,________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.解析:先行词是表示时间的themid1980s,且从句中缺少状语,故填关系副词when。答案:when16.(2016年全国卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,________livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.解析:后面是非限制性定语从句,先行词指人,且在从句中作主语,故填who。答案:who17.(2016年浙江卷)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof________hasbeenproved.解析:句意:人类为什么能哭出眼泪,关于这一点科学家们提出了很多理论,但没有一个得到证实。分析句子结构可知,逗号后是“代词+of+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句。先行词是manytheories,指物,故关系代词只能用which。答案:which18.(2016年北京卷)Ilivenextdoortoacouple________childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.解析:句意:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常吵吵闹闹。whose引导定语从句,且在从句中作children的定语。答案:whose\n19.(2016年天津卷)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,________theweathermaybebetter.解析:句意:我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周,那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知,定语从句中缺少时间状语,故用when引导。答案:when20.(2015年全国卷Ⅰ)I'dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.解析:先行词为mountaintopsanddarkwaters,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,因此答案为that或which。答案:that/whichⅡ.单句改错1.(2019年全国卷Ⅰ)OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground._________________________________________________________________解析:Oneafternoon是表示时间的名词,后面的定语从句应用when引导。答案:where→when2.(2019年全国卷Ⅲ)Inthecafé,customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem._________________________________________________________________解析:先行词是thehistoricalenvironment,定语从句中缺少主语,故用that或which。what可以引导宾语从句、表语从句等,但不可以引导定语从句。答案:what→that/which3.(2018年全国卷Ⅰ)Theyalsohadasmallpond,whichtheyraisedfish._________________________________________________________________解析:关系词在定语从句中作状语,故可用关系副词where,也可在which前加in,此时关系词在定语从句中作介词的宾语。答案:which→where或which前加in4.(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse._________________________________________________________________解析:此处是非限制性定语从句,且关系代词在从句中作主语,指代上文中的garden,所以用which引导该定语从句。答案:that→which\n5.(2017年全国卷Ⅲ)Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime._________________________________________________________________解析:things后是定语从句,先行词指物,关系代词在从句中作主语,应用that或which引导。答案:they→that/which6.(2016年四川卷)ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom'sfavorite._________________________________________________________________解析:先行词是thedishes,指物,关系词在定语从句中作宾语,故应用that或which引导,也可省略关系词。答案:what→which/that或去掉what7.Third,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusedinwashing,especiallybathwaterforwhichisquitealot,andthatwillsavemuchwater._________________________________________________________________解析:先行词是bathwater,定语从句中缺少主语,应用that或which引导,介词for多余。答案:去掉for8.There,Katiawillintroducemetosomeofherfriends,oneofwhohasbeentoChinaseveraltimes.Ijustcan'twait._________________________________________________________________解析:先行词指人,介词后的关系代词用whom,不用who。答案:who→whom9.HelivedinLondonfor3months,duringthattimehelearnedsomeEnglish._________________________________________________________________解析:先行词指代3months,故介词后的关系代词用which。答案:that→which10.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonswhomtheyaretalkingabout?_________________________________________________________________解析:先行词既包含人又包含物,定语从句由关系代词that引导,关系代词that在从句中作宾语,也可以省略关系代词。答案:whom→that或去掉whom
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