2023高考英语二轮 阅读理解四月训练（5）

2013高考英语二轮阅读理解（四月）训练（5）及答案Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience?Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinoursocieties．However,manypeoplebelievethatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience．Thefirstaspectistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop． Thesecondistheapplicationofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandaction thatscientistsuseintheirworkHedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable．Herejectsauthorityastheonlybasisfortruth．Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectively．Furthermore, hedoesnotreadilyaccepthisownidea,sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation．Lastly, heisfullofimagination sinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete．Furthermore, heneedsimagination ifhewantstoguesshowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace．Theseseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts．10．Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough_________A．knowledgeonly．B．morethanoneaspect．C．technologyonly．  D．theuseofmachines．11．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutacuriousscientistisTRUE?-7-\nA．Hedoesn’tfindconfidenceandpleasureinwork．B．Heisinterestedinproblemsthatareexplained．C．Hemakeseffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections．D．Helooksfornewwaysofacting．12．Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldNOT_______________．A．easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements．B．easilycriticizeothers'researchwork．C．alwaysusehisimaginationinwork．D．alwaysuseevidencefromobservation．13．Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribethedatathatagoodscientistuses?A．completeB．objectiveC．complicatedD．accurate14．Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss? A．Applicationoftechnology．B．Progressinmodemsociety． C．Scientists'waysofthinkingandacting．D．Howtobecomeasuccessfulscientist．参考答案BCACC************************************************结束AThereisnodenyingthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingabouthowcomputerswork,justasweexpectthematleasttounderstandthattheinternal-combustionengine(内燃机)hassomethingtodowithburningfuel,expandinggasesandpistons(活塞)beingdriven.Forpeopleshouldhavesomebasicideaofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo.Further,studentsmightbehelpedbyacoursethatconsidersthecomputer’simpactonsociety.Butthatisnotwhatismeantbycomputerliteracy.Forcomputerliteracyisnotaformofliteracy(读写能力);itisatradeskillthatshouldnotbetaughtasaliberalart.Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowtoprogramonearetwodistinct-7-\nactivities.Acasemightbemadethatthecompetentcitizensoftomorrowshouldfreethemselvesfromtheirfearofcomputers.Butthisisquitedifferentfromsayingthatalloughttoknowhowtoprogramone.Leavethattopeoplewhohavechosenprogrammingasacareer.Whileprogrammingcanbelotsoffun,andwhileoursocietyneedssomepeoplewhoareexpertsatit,thesameistrueofautorepairandviolin-making.Learninghowtouseacomputerisnotthatdifficu1t,anditgetseasierallthetimeasprogramsbecomemore“user-friendly”.Letusassumethatinthefutureeveryoneisgoingtohavetoknowhowtouseacomputertobeacompetentcitizen.Whatdoesthephrase“learningtouseacomputer”mean?Itsoundslike“learningtodriveacar”,thatis,itsoundsasifthereissomesetofdefiniteskillsthat,onceacquired,enableonetouseacomputer.Infact,“learningtouseacomputer”ismuchmorelike“learningtoplayagame”,butlearningtherulesofonegamemaynothe1pyouplayasecondgame,whoserulesmaynotbethesame.Thereisnosuchathingasteachingsomeonehowtouseacomputer.Onecanonlyteachpeopletousethisorthatprogramandgenerallythatiseasilyaccomplished.41.Tobethecompetentcitizensoftomorrow,peopleshould.A.trytolayasolidfoundationincomputerscienceB.beawareofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydoC.learntouseacomputerbyacquiringacertainsetofskillsD.understandthatprogrammingacomputerismoreessentialthanrepairingacar.42.Inthesecondparagraph“violin-making”ismentionedtoshowthat.A.programmingacomputerisasinterestingasmakingaviolinB.oursocietyneedsexpertsindifferentfieldsC.violin-makingrequiresasmuchskillascomputerprogrammingD.peoplewhocanuseacomputerdon'tnecessarilyhavetoknowcomputerprogramming43.Learningtouseacomputerisgettingeasierallthetimebecause.A.programsarebecoming1esscomplicatedB.programsaredesignedtobeconvenienttousersC.programmingisbecomingeasierandeasier-7-\nD.programsarebecomingreadilyavailabletocomputerusers44.Accordingtotheauthor,thephrase“learningtouseacomputer”inPara.3meanslearning.A.asetofrulesB.thefundamentalsofcomputerscienceC.specificprogramsD.generalprinciplesofprogramming45.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageis.A.tostresstheimpactofthecomputeronsocietyB.toexplaintheconceptofcomputerliteracyC.toillustratetherequirementsforbeingcompetentcitizensoftomorrowD.toemphasizethatcomputerprogrammingisaninterestingandchallengingjob.参考答案41-45CDBCB*****************************************************结束BThewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattainingrealhappiness.Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappinessthenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.Butinfact,theoppositeistrue:moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.Asaresult,manypeopleavoidtheveryattemptsthatarethesourceoftruehappiness.Theyfearthepaininevitablybroughtbysuchthingsasmarriage,raisingchildren,professionalachievement,religiouscommitment,self-improvement.Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.lfheishonesthewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventure,excitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight'ss1eeporthree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaising-7-\nchildren.Butcoupleswhodecidenottohavechildreneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowuporofplayingwithagrandchild.Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizations.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspoint1ess.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthosewhoarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.46.Accordingtotheauthor,abachelorresistsmarriagechieflybecause.A.heisreluctanttotakeonfamilyresponsibilitiesB.hebelievesthatlifewillbemorecheerfulifheremainssingleC.hefindsmorefunindatingthaninmarriageD.hefearsitwillputanendtoallhisfunadventureandexcitement47.Raisingchildren,intheauthor'sopinion,is.A.amoraldutyB.athanklessjobC.arewardingtaskD.asourceofinevitablepain48.Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthatenvysometimesstemsform-.A.hatredB.misunderstandingC.prejudiceD.ignorance49.Tounderstandwhattruehappinessin,onemust______.A.haveasmuchfunaspossibleduringone's1ifetime.B.makeeveryefforttoliberateoneselffrompainC.putupwithpainunderallcircumstancesD.beabletodistinguishhappinessfromfun50.Whatistheauthortryingtotellus?A.Happinessoftengoeshandinhandwithpain.B.Onemustknowhowtoattainhappiness.C.Itisimportanttomakecommitments.D.Itispainthatleadstohappiness.-7-\n参考答案46-50ACBDA****************************************************结束CIt'sveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateaboutdiversityistakingplace.Itistakingplaceprimari1yinpoliticalcircles.HereattheCollegeFund,wehavealotofcontactwithtopcorporate(公司的)leaders;noneofthemistalkingaboutgettingridofthoseinstrumentsthatproducediversity.Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesaretocompeteintheg1oba1villageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.Theyalsosaythattheneedfortalented,skilledAmericansmeanswehavetoexpandthepoolofpotentialemployees.Andinlookingatwherebirthratesaregrowingandatwherethepopulationisshifting,corporateAmericaunderstandsthatexpandingthepoolmeanspromotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities,morewomenandmoreimmigrants.Corporateleadersknowthatifthatdoesn'toccurinoursociety,theywillnothavetheengineers,thescientists,thelawyers,orthebusinessmanagerstheywillneed.Likewise,Idon’thearpeopleintheacademysaying,“Let’sgobackward.Let'sgobacktothegoodolddays,whenwehadameritocracy(不拘一格降人才)”(whichwasnevertrue—weneverhadameritocracy,althoughwe’vecomeclosertoitinthelast30years,)IrecentlyvisitedagreatlittlecollegeinNewYorkwherethecampushasdoubleditsminoritypopulationinthelastsixyears.ItalkedwithanAfricanAmericanwhohasbeenaprofessorthereforalongtime,andsheremembersthatwhenshefirstjoinedthecommunity,therewerefewerthanahandfulofminoritiesoncampus.Now,allofusfeeltheuniversityisbetterbecauseofthediversity.Sowherewehearthisdebateisprimarilyinpoliticalcirclesandinthemedia—notincorporateboardroomsoroncollegecampuses.51.Theunderlinedword“imperative”inPara.lmostprobablyreferstosomething.A.superficialB.remarkableC.debatableD.essential52.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplestilldifferintheirviewsondiversity?A.MinoritiesB.PoliticiansC.ProfessorsD.Managers-7-\n53.Highcorporateleadersseemtobeinfavorofpromotingdiversitysoasto.A.lowertherateofunemploymentB.winequalpoliticalrightsforminoritiesC.becompetitiveintheworldmarketD.satisfythedemandsofagrowingpopu1ation54.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat__________.A.meritocracycanneverberealizedwithoutdiversityB.AmericanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversityC.itisunlikelythatdiversitywilloccurintheU.S.mediaD.minoritiescanonlyenterthefieldswherenodebateisheardaboutdiversity55.AccordingtothepassagediversitycanbeachievedinAmericansocietyby.A.expandingthepoolofpotentialemployeesB.promotingpoliciesthatprovideskillstoemployeesC.trainingmoreengineers,scientistslawyersandbusinessmanagersD.providingeducationforallregardlessofraceorsex参考答案51-55DBCAD*************************************************结束-7-