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【高考总动员】2023高考英语 语法专项突破 第七节 情态动词和虚拟语气针对训练 北师大版

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第七节 情态动词和虚拟语气考点一情态动词的基本用法1.can(1)表示能力。需注意的是,could表示过去一般的能力,而was/wereableto表示有能力而且成功地做成了某事。Howevergreatthedifficultiesmaybe,wecanovercomethem.哪怕是再大的困难我们也能克服。Thefirespreadthroughthebuildingveryquickly,buteveryonewasabletogetout.尽管这场大火迅速蔓延了整个大楼,但是每个人都逃了出去。(2)表示理论上的可能性,意为“有时候可能会”。Everythingcanhappen;everythingispossibleandprobable.任何事情都有可能发生,没有什么是不可能的。(3)表示请求和允许。在问句中,could比can语气要委婉;但答语中要用can表示直截了当。—CouldIuseyourcellphone?——我可以用你的手机吗?—Ofcourseyoucan.——当然可以。(4)表示推测,常用于疑问句和否定句。Whatcantheybedoingthere?他们可能正在那里干什么?Hecan'tbeintheoffice,forthelighthasbeenturnedoff.他不可能在办公室,因为灯已关了。[名师点津] can't/canneverbetoo.../can't/canneverbe...enough表示“再……也不为过”。Youcanneverbetoocareful/carefulenoughwhiledrivingacar.开车时如何小心都不为过。2.may(1)表示请求、允许,此时might比may的语气更委婉。—May/MightIplaybasketballthisafternoon?——今天下午我可以打篮球吗?—No,youmaynot.——不,不行。(2)表示推测意为“可能、或许”。Wemaygotothecinematonight,butwearenotsureyet.我们今晚或许去看电影,但还未确定。\n(3)用于祈使句中表示祝愿。Mayyoubehappyeverydayandsucceedinyourwork!祝你每天都过得开心且工作顺利![名师点津] “mayaswell+动词原形”意为“最好,倒不如”。Thereisnothingtodo,soImayaswellgotobed.没什么事可做,我还是上床睡觉好了。3.must(1)表示“必须,应该”,must一般指主观,而haveto指客观,表示“不得不”。Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。IhavetogonowforI'veameeting15minuteslater.我必须走了,因为15分钟后有个会。(2)表示推测,意为“一定会”,此时不能用于否定句。Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.他一定病了,他的脸色苍白。(3)mustn't表禁止,而haveto的否定式意为“不必”。Smokingmustn'tbeallowedintheoffice.办公室里不许吸烟。—Mustwehandinourexercisetoday?——我们今天必须交作业吗?—No,youdon'thaveto.——不,不必今天交。[名师点津] must表示偏执、固执,意为“偏要,硬要”。Ifyoumustsmoke,pleasegoout.如果你硬要吸烟,那就出去吧。4.shall(1)用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,用于征求对方的意见。ShallIbuysomepicturebooksforthechildren?要我给孩子们买些图画书吗?(2)用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁;此外,当颁布法律、规定时也用shall。Youshalldoasyourteachersays.你得按你老师说的那样做。5.should(1)表示劝告和建议,意为“应该”。此时oughtto比should语气要强。Youshould/oughttoputmoreeffortintoyourwork.\n你应该更加努力地工作。(2)表示预测可能性,意为“按道理应该会”。HeleftParisinthemorning.Soheshouldarriveherebysuppertime.他早上离开巴黎,因此他晚饭前应该能到这里。[名师点津] should表示惊讶、意外等情绪,意为“竟然”。Itisstrangethatsuchthingsshouldhappeninourschool.真奇怪,这样的事情竟然在我们学校发生了。6.will/would(1)表示意愿,可用于各种人称。Wewillnevergiveupworking,whateverhappens.无论发生什么事,我们都不会放弃工作。(2)表示“请求,建议”,此时would比will更委婉。Wouldyoucomeintothebarandhaveadrinkwithme?你愿意进酒吧和我喝一杯吗?[名师点津] will/would表示习惯,意为“总是,习惯于”。与usedto相比,would表示过去重复、习惯性动作;而usedto则强调过去与现在的对比。She'lllistentomusic,aloneinherroom,forhours.她总是独自一个在房间里听音乐,一听就是几个小时。LastyearourEnglishteacherwouldtellusstoriesinEnglishafterclass.去年我们的英语老师常常课后给我们用英语讲故事。Heusedtospendallhismoneyonfoodanddrink,nowhelivesasimplelife.他过去把钱都花在吃喝上,现在可节省了。7.need/dareneed和dare既可作实意动词又可作情态动词,用作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句和否定句。Heneednotgoifhedoesn'twantto.如果他不想去,他就不必去。Howdareyousaysuchathing?你竟敢说出这种话呀?考点二“情态动词+havedone”的用法情态动词+havedone用法musthavedone一定做过某事,其否定形式为can't/couldn'thave\ndonecan/couldhavedone1.本来能够做但却未做2.可能做过某事can't/couldn'thavedone不可能做过某事may/mighthavedone或许/可能做过某事should/oughttohavedone本该做但却未做,其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了needn'thavedone做了本没有必要做的事情—WangYapingwasthesecondwomantobesentintospaceinChina.——王亚平成为第二名被送入太空的中国女性。—Shemusthavegonethroughtoughtraining.——她肯定受过艰苦的训练。Markneedn'thavehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly.马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车,结果早到了半个小时。考点三虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might+动词原形表示过去情况had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词表示未来情况should+动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原形动词过去式\nwereto+动词原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeactionrightaway.如果我是你,我会立即采取行动。Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.如果你早点起床,你就会赶上火车了。Ifyoushouldfail,whatwouldyoudo?万一你失败了,你准备怎么办?考点四虚拟条件的三种特殊形式if省略句如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should,可把if省略,把were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装,若为否定形式,not不可提前。混合条件句有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。含蓄条件句①有时假设的情况不用条件从句表达,而是用butfor,without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示条件。②用连词otherwise,or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反,从而引出后文的虚拟语气。③虚拟条件通过but暗示出来,模式为“虚拟情况+but+真实情况”。WereitSundaytomorrow,weshouldgototheGreatWall.要是明天是星期日,我们就能去长城了。Ifyouhadpreparedinadvance,youwouldn'tbeinsuchanawkwardpositionnow.如果你事先做好准备,现在就不至于那么被动。Butforyou,wecouldn'thavecarriedouttheplan.要不是你的话,我们(当时)无法实行那项计划。考点五虚拟语气的其他情况1.wish后面宾语从句的虚拟语气\n与现在事实相反从句用一般过去时与过去事实相反从句用过去完成时与将来事实相反从句用would+动词原形Iwish(that)Iwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.我希望我是一只小鸟,能在天空自由飞翔。2.表示主张、命令、建议、要求等词后的宾语从句中常用“(should+)动词原形”结构[名师点津] 当insist表示“坚持认为;坚持说”;suggest表示“暗示,表明”时后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。Theyoungmaninsistedthathedidnothingwrongandshouldbesetfreeatonce.这个年轻人坚持认为他没有做错,坚决要求马上被释放。Thegirl'spalefacesuggestedthatshewasillandIsuggestedthatshegotoseethedoctoratonce.这个女孩苍白的脸色表明她病了,我建议她马上去看医生。Teachersrecommendparentsnotallowtheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.老师们建议父母,为了安全不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。3.用于主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中(1)表示要求、命令、建议、意图、决定、推荐等意义的动词,构成itis+动词的过去分词+that...时,that从句中的谓语动词用(should+)动词原形。Itisadvisedthatthemeeting(should)beputoffuntilnextweek.有人建议会议推迟到下周举行。(2)表示要求、命令、建议、意图、决定、推荐等意义的名词,如suggestion,proposal,advice,order,request等后面的表语从句和同位语从句中,谓语动词用(should+)动词原形。\nMyrequestisthatyou(should)makeanapologytoyourteacher.我的要求是你向你的老师道歉。Imadeasuggestiontohimthatheshouldjointheclubactivities.我建议他应该参加该俱乐部活动。4.用于定语从句中It's(high/about)time(that)...句型中,从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should+动词原形(其中should不可省略),句意为“确实到了……的时候了”。Itishightimethatwetooksomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.确实到了我们采取措施解决问题的时候了。5.用于asif引导的从句中表示与现在事实相反用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。Peopletreathimasifhewereadangerousperson.人们把他看作是一个危险人物。Hetalksasifhehadbeentomanycountries.他说起话来好像去过好多国家似的。6.用于ifonly引导的感叹句中,其用法相当于wish后的宾语从句Hedidn'tpassthedrivingtest,again.Ifonlyhehadbeenmorecareful.他又没通过驾驶考试。要是他再仔细些就好了。[本节小结]情态动词和虚拟语气均是近几年高考重点考查的项目。对情态动词,侧重其表示推测与可能性的考查,其中考查“情态动词+havedone”结构表示对过去发生的事情的推测尤其突出。对虚拟语气的考查常与情态动词表示推测的语气混合在一起进行。因此考生在备考中要了解常见情态动词的语法特征、语义特征以及相互间的区别;准确把握情态动词表推测、判断的用法;虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用等方面。未来高考考查该类考点的有效信息会越来越隐蔽,情景会越来越生动,考查角度也会越来越综合化,因此考生要给予足够的重视。针对训练Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空1.(2014·北京高考)________Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon'ttakelong.【答案】 Can2.(2014·大纲全国卷)Althoughyou________findbargainsinLondon,it'snotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.【答案】 can3.(2014·湖南高考)—I'vepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.—Doyoumeanwe________bringanythingwithus?\n【答案】 needn't4.(2014·江苏高考)Itwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,________bringmefood.【答案】 should5.(2014·江西高考)Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorest________becometherichest.【答案】 might6.(2014·四川高考)Istillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymother________takemetoDisneylandatweekends.【答案】 would7.(2014·重庆高考)I'veorderedsomepizza,sowe________worryaboutcookingwhenwegethometired.【答案】 needn't8.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,he________havedonetheresearchonhisown.【答案】 must9.(2013·四川高考)—Whyareyoureyessored?You________havesleptwelllastnight.—Yeah,Istayeduplatewritingareport.【答案】 can't10.(2013·陕西高考)Mymomsuggeststhatwe________eatoutforachangethisweekend.【答案】 shouldⅡ.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.(2014·福建高考)________(be)therenomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.【答案】 Were2.(2014·湖南高考)IfMrDewey________(be)present,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.【答案】 hadbeen3.(2014·陕西高考)Wewouldratherourdaughter________(stay)athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.【答案】 stayed4.(2014·天津高考)Ifhe________(catch)themorningtrain,hewouldnothave\nbeenlateforthemeeting.【答案】 hadcaught5.(2014·浙江高考)Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey________(come)toourhelp.【答案】 wouldhavecome6.(2014·重庆高考)ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI________(do)it?【答案】 haddone7.(2014·北京高考)We________(be)backinthehotelnowifyoudidn'tlosethemap.【答案】 wouldbe8.—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner'sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey________(notbe)alwayslate.【答案】 weren't9.Heinsistedhe________(send)tothecity.【答案】 (should)besent10.Hisexpressionsuggestedthathe________(pass)thetest.【答案】 hadpassed综合演练Ⅰ.语篇填空用适当的情态动词完成下列短文MissFang1.________(not)readforverylongwithgettingaheadache.Hermothertoldherthatshe2.________gototheHealthServiceandseeadoctor.“You3.________seeadoctorassoonaspossible,”shesaid.“You4.________needglasses.”WhenMissFanghadfreetime,shewenttotheHealthService.Theappointmentclerksaidthatthedoctor5.________seeherat3:30.MissFangrepliedthatshe6.________notbeabletobethereat3:30becauseshehadaclassthen.“Thedoctor7.________takeyouatabouttentofour,”theappointmentclerksuggested.“8.________Iputyoudownfortentofour,or9.________yourathercometomorrow?”MissFangthoughtshe10.________(not)wasteanymoretime.Theteacher11.________beunhappyifsheaskedforpermissiontoleavetheclassalittleearly,as\nhewasalwayssokindtoeveryone.Andshereplied,“IthinkI12.________makeitattentofour.”MissFangwenttotheclass.Sheaskedherteacher,“13.________Ileaveat3:35today?I14.________haveaneyeexamination.”Asexpected,theteachersaid,“Yes,ofcourseyou15.________.”【答案】 1.couldn't 2.should 3.should 4.might5.could 6.would 7.might 8.Shall 9.would10.shouldn't 11.shouldn't 12.can 13.May/Can14.must 15.canⅡ.语法填空用虚拟语气完成下列短文(每空不多于3个单词)Iamamiddleschoolstudent.Ihavemanydreams.Ifthere1.________(be)notsomuchhomework,IwouldhavemoretimetodowhatIliketodo.HowIwishI2.________(listen)tomyfavoritemusicforanhouradayand3.________(play)tabletennisforanhourinthemorning!It'smydesirethatwe4.________(hold)eveningpartiesor5.________(organize)someinterestingactivitiesatweekends.Isuggestthatthere6.________(be)notsomanytests.Youcanimaginewhatlife7.________(be)ifI8.________(realize)mydream.ButImustfacetheexams.Withoutgoodmarks,I9.________(notenter)myidealuniversity.Anyway,it'shightimethatI10.________(encourage)myselfandworkedhardfromnowon.【答案】 1.were 2.listened 3.played 4.(should)hold5.(should)organize 6.(should)be 7.wouldbe 8.realized/shouldrealize 9.wouldn'tenter 10.encouraged

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发布时间:2022-08-25 22:01:18 页数:10
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文章作者:U-336598

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