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【高考总动员】2023高考英语 语法专项突破 第十二节 派生词针对训练 北师大版

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第十二节 派生词考点一常见的前缀及派生词PrefixMeaningExamplea有in,on,at,by,with,to等含义alone单独;asleep在熟睡中的ab离去,反常abuse滥用;abnormal不正常的anti反(抗),防antifreeze防冻;antiwar反战的bi双;重bicycle自行车;bimonthly双月刊co共同,相互cooperation合作;coexist共存;coeditor合编者com共同,相互compress压缩;composition作品,创作dis不,相反;除去,毁;分开dislike不喜欢;discover发现en放进,饰以,使,使成enrich使变富;enable使能够ex前任,以前的exwife前妻;expresident前总裁extra超过,在……以外extraordinary非常的,非凡的fore前,先,预forehead前额;foretell预言il不,无,非illogical不合逻辑的;illegal非法的im(用在b,m,p前)不,无;向内import进口;impossible不可能的in不,无,非;向内incomplete不完全的;inactive不积极的;income收入inter在……之间(之际),互相international国际的;interchange交换;interview面试,采访ir(用在r之前不,无;向内)irreligious无宗教信仰的;irregular不规则的micro微microwave微波炉;microcomputer微型电脑mid中部midnight半夜;middle中间的;midterm期中mini小,微minibus小型公共汽车;miniskirt超短裙mis误,恶,不misfortune不幸;mistrust不信任multi多\nmulticultural多元文化的;multicoloured多色的non不,无,非nonsmoker不抽烟的人out胜过;过分;在外outdoor户外的;outstanding杰出的over过度,在外,颠倒等overwork劳累过度;overcoat外套post后postwar战后;postmodern后现代主义的pre前,先prearranged预先安排的;prehistoric史前的re再,重,又;相反;回reaction反应;return返回self自己selfdefence自卫;selftaught自修的step后,继stepfather继父;stepmother继母sub在……下面;亚于;次于subway地铁;subtitle副标题super上,超superpower超级大国;supermarket超市trans横过,超越,变换transnational跨国的;transform改变tele远(程)television电视;telescope望远镜tri三(个……)triangle三角形;tricycle三轮脚踏车un不,无,非,未unfriendly不友好的;untie解开,解决vice副vicechairman副主席;vicepresident副总统考点二常见的后缀及派生词1.名词后缀suffixMeaningExampleal表示过程或状态removal移动;arrival到达(i)an来自;专长于……的人musician音乐家;Egyptian埃及人ance表状态,行为appearance外表;acceptance接受;reliance依靠antent人,物servant仆人;inhabitant居民,栖居动物arer人,物beggar乞讨者;murderer杀人犯;recorder录音机(t)ionation表状态,动作过程,行为suggestion建议;graduation毕业;liberation解放;expression表达\ndom身份,领域freedom自由;wisdom智慧ee人,物employee被雇用者;refugee难民ence性质,状态,行为difference区别;confidence自信;dependence依靠ess表女性,雌性hostess女主人;actress女演员;tigress母老虎ful充满basketful满篮;mouthful满嘴;houseful一屋子hood性质,身份,状态,时期childhood儿童时代;neighbourhood附近ism宗教,风格,主义heroism英雄气概;communism共产主义;socialism社会主义者ist人,主义者novelist小说家,socialist社会主义ity性质,状态reality现实,ability能力;equality平等ment行为,物,组织,运动,结果disappointment失望;movement运动;agreement协议ness性质,状态kindness仁慈;tiredness疲劳or人,物visitor参观者;actor男演员ship性质,身份,资格hardship艰苦;leadership领导身份;friendship友谊sion行为,状态conclusion结论;tension紧张ure行为,状态exposure暴露;failure失败th结果,过程,性质,状态truth真理;youth青春;growth生长;warmth温暖\nage集合,地点,结果storage储藏;shortage短缺;marriage婚姻2.形容词后缀SuffixMeaningExampleableibleble可……的,能……的acceptable可接受的;reasonable合情合理的;comfortable舒适的(u)al属于……的,具有……属性equal平等的;national国家的;chemical化学的an……(地,人)的republican共和国的;European欧洲人的ary……的imaginary想象的;revolutionary革命的ative……的creative有创造性的;qualitative质量的ed(具)有……的(特征)determined坚定的;learned博学的;aged年老的ent……的frequent经常的;silent沉默的;diligent勤奋的ese(地,人)的Chinese中国(人)的;Japanese日本(人)的ern表示方向eastern东方的;southern南方的en……的golden金色的;wooden木制的;woolen羊毛的ic与……有关的realistic现实的;energetic精力充足的ing具有……(特征)的boring令人厌烦的;frightening令人害怕的ish近乎……的,如……的childish孩子气的;foolish愚蠢的;selfish自私的ive与……有关的,有……倾向的,有……特性的expensive昂贵的;effective有效的;decisive决定性的ful满的;有……性质的,引起……的\nfaithful信任的;powerful强大的;cheerful愉快的less无……的;不……的homeless无家可归的;sleepless失眠的;careless粗心的ous多……的,有……特性的various各种各样的;humorous幽默的;dangerous危险的ly……品质的,每……的friendly友好的;motherly母亲般的;weekly每周的ward向……的backward向后的;forward向前的y多……的;有……的;如……的cloudy多云的;funny有趣的;lucky运气好的3.副词后缀SuffixMeaningExamplely……地,状态,程度,方式extremely非常;slowly慢慢地;happily高兴地s时间,地点,状态outdoors在户外;indoors在室内ward(s)方向afterward(s)后来;outwards向外;downwards向下4.动词后缀SuffixMeaningExampleen使变成sharpen削尖;broaden加宽;strengthen加强;deepen加深fy使……化simplify简化;beautify美化;purify净化;horrify使恐怖ize使……化modernize使现代化;realize实现;mechanize使机械化注意:一般情况下,加前缀改变词义,加后缀改变词性。[本节小结]在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中,有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。此外,新考纲要求考生掌握3000多个英语单词。因此,掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题,还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量,为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。针对训练Ⅰ.完成句子用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime.________(fortunate),Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam.\n【答案】 Unfortunately2.Therefore,whentheybecomeoldertheyare________(able)todoanyotherkindofwork.【答案】 unable3.Veryearlythenextmorning,amazingly,wegotcompletelysatisfiedinatotally________________(expect)way.【答案】 unexpected4.Iwon'tdothepurchasebecausethepriceofthisdressis________________(reason).【答案】 unreasonable5.Job________________(apply)needtoshowtheirabilitytobebothorganizedandflexibleintakingonmanytasksatthesametime.【答案】 applicants6.Allfactsarethesourceof________________(conclude).【答案】 conclusions7.However,most________(science)agreethatEQhasalottodowith________(educate).【答案】 scientists;education8.Excellentoralandwritten________________(communicate)skillsinChineseandEnglishareof________________(important).【答案】 communication;importance9.Freshfruitsandvegetablescanprovidemuchofourdaily________________(require).【答案】 requirement10.Itisyour________________(free)todowhatyouwantafterclass.【答案】 freedom11.Asisknowntousall,theEntranceExamisagreat________________,andthestudentsare________________(compete).【答案】 competition;competitors12.Iam________________(grate)toyouforyourhelp.【答案】 grateful13.Hegavemesome________________(construct)suggestions.【答案】 constructive14.Ajury'sdecisioninacourtcasemustbeabsolutely________________\n(object).【答案】 objective15.Hedevotedmuchmoneytobuildingschoolsin________________(mountain)areas.【答案】 mountainousⅡ.语篇填空阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,使用括号中词语的正确形式填空ItwasreallyahardtimewhenLiPingfirstcametotheUnitedStates.His1.________(earn)couldhardlycovertheexpenses,sowhenhiswifegave2.________(bear)totheirseconddaughter,theycouldnotaffordenoughnutritionfood.Soon,poornutritioncausedthe3.________(die)ofthepoorbaby.4.________(lonely)wasanotherproblembecausetheyhadno5.________(relate)orfriendsthere.Thankstohis6.________(brave)and7.________(persevere),hemanagedtogainthe8.________(citizen)oftheUnitedStatesandintheendhehadhispermanent9.________(settle).Healwaystellshischildrenlikethis:Perseveranceleadsto10.________(happy)andsuccess.【答案】 1.earnings 2.birth 3.death 4.Loneliness5.relations 6.bravery 7.perseverance 8.citizenship9.settlement 10.happiness综合演练语法填空根据单词提示,用单词的相应词性变化完成下列短文Sixtysixpercentof15to25yearoldsinChinasaytheyarehappy,accordingtoasurveyofglobalyouth1.________(happy)conductedin14countries.Thesurveyshowsyoungpeopleworldwideare2.________(happy)whentheyareonvacation,beingchallenged,orachievingsomething.The3.________(young)intheUS,forexample,saidtheywerehappiestbetween8and10pmonSaturdaysinJuly,enjoyinggood4.________(musician)orspendingtimewithfriendsandfamily.AccordingtostudyauthorJoeriVanDenBergh,youngpeopledon'tjustwanttoimpresstheirfriends.Today'syouthwanttoaccomplishsomethinginlife,whetherthismeansbig5.________(accomplish)likedoingwellinanimportantexamorfindingagoodjob,orsmallthingslikemakingadeliciousdinner.\nThesurveyalsoshowshigherhappinessin6.________(develop)countries—Brazil,IndiaandChinaallranked7.________(high).Youngpeopleinthesecountriesmightrealizetheyarebetteroffthantheirparentsintheimproving8.________(economy)environment.However,ChristineCarter,sociologistandhappinessexpertattheUniversityofCalifornia.Berkeley,notedthatmanyyoungpeoplestilldonotfeelhappybecausetheyareundersomuch9.________(press)toachieve.Cartersaidresearchshowspeopleofallagesandcultureslinkhappinesstoasenseofgratitude,10.________(generous),compassionandsocialties.【答案】 1.happiness 2.happiest 3.youth 4.music5.accomplishments 6.developing 7.highly 8.economic9.pressure 10.generosity

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发布时间:2022-08-25 22:01:15 页数:8
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文章作者:U-336598

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