全国统考2023高考英语一轮复习练习阶段评估检测二必修2含解析20230325196

阶段评估检测(二)(必修2)(120分钟　150分)第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)　　听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。Text1W:Thousandsofyoungpeopleparticipateinthisworld-classcompetitionperyear.M:Yes,①theyrepresenttheircountrytocomehereinthehopeofwinninghonorfortheircountry.Mostofthemhavereceivedintensivetrainingforsometime.1.Whydopeopletakepartintheworld-classmatcheveryyear?A.Toreceiveintensivetraining.B.Torepaytheircountry.C.Togetgloryfortheircountry.答案:CText2W:②Therewasamerrysmileonthecutelittlegirl’sface,andshewalkedlightlydownthestairslikedancing.M:Shegotabelovedskirt.Whichgirldoesn’tlikenewclothes?2.Whatdoweknowaboutthelittlegirl?A.Shewasdancing.　B.Shewasinhighspirits.C.Shewasbuyingaskirt.答案:BText3W:Wefeltveryhungrylastnight.Thus,③wejusthadatakeawayatmidnight.M:What?Didn’tyousaythatyouwantedtoloseweight?3.Whatdidthewomandolastnight?A.Shehadweight-losspills.\nB.Sheorderedatakeout.C.Shefeltveryangry.答案:BText4W:WhenpeoplementionAustralia,theyusuallyhaveimagesofkangaroosintheirminds.M:Thisisindeedthecase.④Afterall,kangaroosareuniquetoAustralia.AsoneofAustralia’ssymbols,kangarooshavebeenthelocals’pride.4.WhyareAustraliansproudofkangaroos?A.TheyliveonlyinAustralia.B.Theirimagesarebeautiful.C.TheyareAustralia’sonlysymbol.答案:AText5W:TheInternetspeedintheofficewasreallybad.Ispentalotoftimeandeventuallydownloadedthefile.M:⑤Maybeweshouldlookforapersontoseewheretheproblemlies.5.Whatwilltheyfindapersontodo?A.Tochecktheoffice.B.Todownloadthefile.C.TohandletheInternetproblem.答案:C第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。Text6M:Hello,thisisJohnspeaking.\nW:⑥Hi,John.ThisisLinda.Wewillhavealunchmeetingtomorrowat12:00pmintheconferenceroom.Ijustsentthemenutoyourmailbox,pleasecheckitandletmeknowyourchoiceassoonaspossible.Thanks.M:Allright!Thanksforlettingmeknow,Linda,⑦Iamoutforameetingwithclients.Iwillreplytoyouassoonaspossible.W:OK.Thanks.6.What’stherelationshipbetweenthetwopersons?A.Colleagues.B.Friends.C.Relatives.答案:A7.Whyisthemannotworkingintheoffice?A.Heisonvacation.B.Heaskedforaleave.C.Hewenttomeetclients.答案:C听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。Text7W:Happybirthday,Jimmy.Areyoureadyforthenextpresent?M:Youmeanthere’remorebesidesthewatch?W:Comewithus.It’sinthecar.Now,hereweare.You’vebeentalkingaboutthisformonths.M:Oh,⑧it’sanewcomputer.⑨It’sjustwhatIwant.I’msohappyaboutit.Thankyousomuch,MumandDad.8.WhatisthesecondgiftforJimmy?A.Acar.　　B.Awatch.　　C.Acomputer.答案:C9.WhydoesJimmyfeelhappy?A.Heliveswithhisparents.B.He’sgotwhathedreamsof.C.He’sreceivedlotsofpresents.\n答案:B听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。Text8W:Excuseme,sir?M:CanIhelpyou?W:⑩MynameisJaneSmith.⑪I’madesigner,lookingforajob.M:Seemysecretary.Shewillsetyouupwiththetest.W:When?M:Nextmonth.W:Ican’twaitthatlong.M:Excuseme?W:Ican’twaitamonth.Ineedsomethingsooner.M:⑫I’msorry.10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Theyarefriends.B.Theyarestrangerstoeachother.C.Theyarehusbandandwife.答案:B11.Whydoesthewomancometotalkwiththeman?A.Togetajob.　　　B.Totakeatest.C.Toseethesecretary.答案:A12.Whatdoesthemanmeanbysayingsorry?A.Hecan’thearthewomanclearly.B.Hedoesn’tneedadesigner.C.Hecan’thelpthewoman.答案:C听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。Text9\nW:Goodmorning.MayIhelpyou?M:Yes.Iwantahat.W:Letmeshowyouthesehats.M:Excuseme.⑬I’mareporter.Iwanttoasksomequestions.W:Areporter!M:⑭I’mwritingastoryaboutWesternclothing.W:That’sright.DoyouwearWesternclothing?M:Sometimes.⑮It’sgoodcasualclothing.IwantaWesternhat.W:Doyoulikethisone?M:Ihavealargehead.W:Thisisalargehat.M:Letmetryit.W:Doyoulikeit?M:No,Idon’t.⑯Myfaceisveryround.Idon’tlikethehat.W:Trythisone.M:Myheadlooksverybig.W:Youlooktall.13.Whatdoesthemando?A.Heisareporter.　　　B.Heisaworker.C.Heisateacher.答案:A14.Whydidheaskthequestions?A.Tosavemoney.　　　B.Towriteastory.C.Tobuyahat.答案:B15.What’shisopinionaboutWesternclothing?A.Veryattractive.　　　B.Quiteformal.C.Verycasual.答案:C\n16.Whydidn’thelikethefirsthat?A.Hisfaceisveryround.B.Helooksshort.C.Hisheadlooksverybig.答案:A听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。Text10M:Goodafternoon,everybodyandwelcometothisclassonEnglishwords.Ihopethatallofyoucanhearme.Ifnot,pleaseletmeknow.IamProf.JohnMorris.⑱I’llbeyourteacherforthenext13weeks.Asyoucanprobablytell,thisisoneofthepopularandcrowdedclasses.Indeed,everytimethesecoursesareoffered,thisroomisveryfull.Whyisthat?Well,⑰inordertousetheEnglishlanguage,it’sveryimportanttohaveatleastabasicunderstandingofhowwordsareformed.Justtomentiononefigure,andtherearemany.ThereareaboutonemillionwordsinEnglish.IfyouareanEnglishlearner,youmightwonderhowyoucanpossiblyrememberallofthesewords.Well,foronethingyoudon’thaveto.NonativespeakerexistswhoknowsallofthewordsintheEnglishlanguage.Besides,thereareshortcuts.Shortcuts?Yes,forexample,⑲ifyouknowhowwordsareformedbyusingpartsofwordsfromotherlanguages,suchasGreekandFrench,you’llunderstandagoodnumberofEnglishwordswhenyoufirstcomeacrossthem.Letmeputitthisway.⑳Knowingtheruleswillhelpyoutomasteralargenumberofwords.ThisisprobablytheNo.1reasonwhythisclassissopopular.17.Wherecanyoumostprobablyhearthistalk?A.InaclassoftheEnglishlanguage.B.InaclassoftheGreeklanguage.C.InaclassoftheFrenchlanguage.答案:A18.Howlongdoestheclasslast?A.11weeks.　　B.13weeks.　　C.15weeks.\n答案:B19.Whatis“theshortcut”tolearningwordsaccordingtothespeaker?A.Takingmorecourses.B.Readingbasicwordsaloud.C.Learninghowwordsareformed.答案:C20.Whyistheclasspopular?A.Itisnotofferedeachterm.B.It’staughtbyProfessorMorris.C.Ithelpstomastersomeusefulrules.答案:C第二部分　阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)　　阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A(2021·德州模拟)　　Cruise(巡航)linesworldwidesuspendedsailingsMarch13becauseofthespreadofthecoronaviruspandemic.NowcompaniessuchasCarnivalandDisneyarepushingouttheirreturndatesandcancelingmoretripsmeaningpassengerscanreceivefullrefundsforthepriceoftheirtrips.　　Thosewhowanttotaketheirchancesandpostpone—eventhoughthere’snofirmdatewhenthispandemicwillend—canchoosetoreceiveacreditforafuturecruise.Justremember:Ifyouchooseacredit,youhavegivenupyourrefund.Cruisecompanieswantyoutostickwiththem,andareofferingextraperks(津贴)andcreditstokeepyouonboard.　　CarnivalCruises　　OnWednesday,CarnivalCruisesannounceditwouldsuspendAlaskasailingsthroughJune30andscrapallSanFranciscocruisesfortherestoftheyear.Typicalfive-daycruisesalongtheCaliforniacoastcalledatCatalinaIslandandEnsenada,Mexico,beforereturningtotheBayArea.\n　　ThecompanyalsocanceledcruisesaboardCarnivalRadiance(anupgradeoftheCarnivalVictory)throughNov.1,andCarnivalLegend,throughOct.30.CarnivalLegendtypicallysailsfromSeattletoAlaskainsummermonths.　　Passengerswhosetripshavebeencanceledmayoptforarefundorafuturecruisecredit.　　DisneyCruiseLine　　DisneyCruiseLineonMondayextendeditssuspensionforsailingsdepartinginApril.PassengerswhohadticketsonanyofitsfourshipsthroughApril28mayreceivearefundoracruisecreditforatripwithin15monthsoftheiroriginaldeparturedate,accordingtothecompany’swebsite.　　DisneyalsowarnedpassengersaboutsailingsaboardtheDisneyWonderthatarescheduledtoresumeApril29.Theitinerary(行程)callsforastopinVancouver,Canada,butCanadahascloseditsportsatleastthroughJuly1.【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了许多邮轮因新冠肺炎疫情被取消后,乘客如何获得退款或信用额度。21.Whatcanthepassengersselectiftheywanttocruiselater?A.Refunds.　　　　　B.Credits.C.Perks.D.Chances.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中Thosewhowanttotake...acreditforafuturecruise.可知那些想以后进行游轮之旅的人可以选择获得积分。22.WhatdoweknowaboutCarnivalCruises?A.CarnivalLegendtypicallysailsfromSeattletoAlaskainwintermonths.B.Passengerswhosetripshavebeencanceledonlychooseafuturecruisecredit.C.CarnivalRadianceiscanceledthroughOct.30.D.SanFranciscocruiseswillbecanceledfortherestoftheyear.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句OnWednesday,CarnivalCruisesannouncedit...andscrapallSanFranciscocruisesfortherestoftheyear.可知,嘉年华邮轮公司宣布,将在6月30日前暂停阿拉斯加航线,并在今年剩余时间内取消所有旧金山邮轮。由此可知,今年剩余时间的旧金山游轮将被取消。23.WhatmayhappenifyouhadticketsonanyoftheshipsofDisneyCruiseLine?\nA.YouwillreceiverefundsbeforeApril28.B.YourtripwillbedelayedtillJune.C.Youwillreceiveacruisecreditforatrip.D.YouwillreceiverefundsonApril29.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Passengerswhohadticketsonanyofitsfourshipsthrough...oftheiroriginaldeparturedate,accordingtothecompany’swebsite.可知根据该公司网站显示,在4月28日之前持有该公司四艘船中的任何一艘船票的乘客,可以在原出发日期的15个月内获得退款或邮轮积分。由此可知,如果你有迪士尼游轮的船票,你将会得到邮轮积分。B　　“Themomentbeforetheycalledmyname,Iwasreallynervousbecausetheotherfinalists’presentationsarereallygoodandIthoughttheywouldwin,”KaraFan,14,whohaswonAmerica’sTopYoungScientist,toldYahooFinance.“Whentheyannouncedmyname,Iwasreallysurprisedactually.”　　Towinthatclaim,Fan’snano-particleliquidbandagehadtosurpasstheexperimentsofhundredsoffifthtoeighthgradersaswellasnineotherfinalists.FanstarteddevelopingherliquidbandageinApril2019tofighttheoveruseofantibiotics(抗生素).　　AccordingtotheCDC,roughly2millionpeopleeveryyearsufferabacterialinfectionintheU.S.andabout23,000passedawayasaresult.Ifleftalone,aUNstudyreported,drug-resistantdiseasesorthe“superbug”couldleadto10milliondeathsacrosstheglobeby2050.WhenFan’ssprayablebandagedriesonaperson’sskin,itcreatesathinlayerthatprotectsthewoundedareawhilebreakingthecellwallandkillingthebacteriaontheskin.Afterexperimentingwithcoppernitrate(硝酸铜)tofightbacteria,switchingtothesilvernitrateendedupbeingthemajorcatalyst(催化剂)toseeingresultsforheraward-winningproject.　　“Thousandsofyearsago,ancientpeoplewouldusecopperandsilvertoeatwithandtheywoulddrinkwaterfromlikecopperbowlstokillbacteria,”Fanexplained.“Ifoundoutthatitdidn’twork.SoIusednanosilver.”　　SirAlexanderFleming’sdiscoveryofpenicillin—atypeofantibiotic—isFan’s\nfavoritescientificdiscovery.Thatsaidshedoesn’tthinkhumansshouldrelytooheavilyonpenicillin.　　FollowingheryearsatWestviewHighSchool,FanhopestocontinueherbiologytrackatStanfordUniversity.Alongwiththe$25,000cashprizeshewononOctober29,becomingAmerica’sTopYoungScientistmayhelpgettheprivateuniversity’sattention.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了获得美国最佳青年科学家奖的卡拉·范发明液体绷带的故事。24.HowdidKaraFanfeelaboutherwinningtheprize?A.Confident.　B.Regretful.C.Proud.D.Unexpected.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Whentheyannouncedmyname,Iwasreallysurprisedactually.”卡拉·范说:“当他们宣布我的名字时,我真的很惊讶”,由此可知,卡拉·范对自己的获奖感到很意外。25.ForwhatpurposedidFandevelopherliquidbandage?A.Tofightoveruseofantibiotics.B.Toenteranationalcontest.C.Toreducedeathsfrominjuries.D.Togetintoagooduniversity.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“FanstarteddevelopingherliquidbandageinApril2019tofighttheoveruseofantibiotics”可知,卡拉·范于2019年4月开始发明液体绷带,以对抗抗生素的过度使用,故A项正确。26.WhichofthefollowingdoesFanusetokillbacteria?A.Coppernitrate.B.Copper.C.Silver.D.Nanosilver.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Thousandsofyearsago,ancientpeoplewouldusecopperandsilvertoeatwithandtheywoulddrinkwaterfromlikecopperbowlstokillbacteria,”Fanexplained.“Ifoundoutthatitdidn’twork.SoIusednanosilver.”可知,范解释说:“几千年前,古代人会用铜碗和银碗吃饭,他们会喝铜碗里的水来杀灭细菌。但我发现这不起作用,所以我用了纳米银(来杀菌)。”\n27.WhatmightbeFan’sopinionaboutpenicillin?A.Addictive.B.Valuable.C.Useless.D.Irreplaceable.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“SirAlexanderFleming’sdiscoveryofpenicillin—atypeofantibiotic—isFan’sfavoritescientificdiscovery.”可知,亚历山大弗莱明发现的青霉素是范最喜欢的科学发现,由此可知,范认为青霉素是有价值的。C(2021·临沂模拟)　　ItiswithmixedemotionsthatIwenttotheyoungcriminalcentereveryfewmonthstogivevaccinations(接种疫苗).Ontheonehand,Ifeelluckytobeabletoprovideaservicethatmayhaveapositivehealtheffectontheresidents.But,ontheotherhand,IfeelasenseofsadnessanddisappointmentasIseetheprisonersbeingescorted(押送)byguardstothenursingunit.　　Mylastvisitwasverymemorable.Forsomereason,therewasalightnessintheair.Morethaneverbefore,IfeltalightnessasIspokewitheachperson.Wesharedstoriesandsmilesandfears.Eventhetoughestprisonersseemedtobesurroundedbylight.Asamother,Isawthemasnotonlyyouth,beingpunishedforcrimes,butalsoaschildrenwhohavethepotentialtochangeforthebetter.Mostofthemwantedtotalklonger!Theywerereachingouttous!Itfeltright.　　Therewasonemoreprisoner.Hewaslimitedtoadifferentunitinalonelycell.Wewereaskedifwewereokaygoingdownthere.Wesaidthatwewere.Twoguardsescortedusdownandwhenweenteredthearea,instanttearswelledupinmyeyes.Theareawassad.Theseguardsdidn’tsmile.Weenteredthecellandhadtomakedowithwhatwasthere.　　WeweredonebutIdidn’twanttoleave.Igavethe17-year-oldagentletouchandsmileasIexplainedwhattodoregardingthesideeffects.Atfirst,therewasnoresponse,soIjustlookeddownathisbarefeetandthentomysupplies.IthoughtthatIhadbetterpackup.Suddenly,helookedupatmeandsmiledbeforehesaid“Thanks”andthenhegavemeathumbs-up.Ismiledbackandsaid,“You’rewelcome.Takecareofyourself.”\n　　Itwaswonderfultoreceiveakindresponsefromsomeonewhowasinsuchaharshplace.Aswewalkedbacktothemainentrance,wedidn’tspeak.Wheretherecanbeasmile,thereishope.Sometimessmilescanbeverypowerful.【文章大意】本篇是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者到青年犯罪中心为这些年轻的罪犯打疫苗的经历。28.Whatcanweknowabouttheyoungintheyoungcriminalcenter?A.Theyreceivedregularmedicalservice.B.Theyweretreatedunfairly.C.Theystayedinbadconditions.D.Theywereforcedtotaketreatment.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“ItiswithmixedemotionsthatIwenttotheyoungcriminalcentereveryfewmonthstogivevaccinations.”可知,作者每隔几个月就会去给这些年轻的罪犯接种疫苗,这说明这些年轻人接受了定期的医疗服务。29.Whatwasspecialaboutthecenterthelasttimetheauthorwentthere?A.Shewasaskedtosharestories.B.Everyprisonerwaskindtoher.C.Theyoungpeopletalkedfreely.D.Shesensedarelaxingatmosphere.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Forsomereason,therewasalightnessintheair.”可知,作者最后一次去犯罪中心,她感受到了一种轻松的氛围。30.Whatdidtheyoungmanthinkoftheauthor?A.Hedislikedherforhersympathy.B.Hereallyappreciatedherkindness.C.Hethoughtshewouldchangehislife.D.Hethoughtshewasjustanordinarydoctor.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“...smiledbeforehesaid“Thanks”andthenhegavemeathumbs-up.”可知,他微笑着向作者道谢并对作者竖起了大拇指,由此可知,这位年轻人对作者的善意很感激。31.Whatimpressedtheauthormostinthisstory?A.Theyoungman’ssmile.B.Themedicalcareforprisoners.\nC.Thepunishmenttotheprisoners.D.Thedifferencebetweentheyoungmanandothers.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Sometimessmilescanbeverypowerful.”可知,作者对这位年轻人的微笑印象最为深刻。【知识拓展】涉及观点态度的推理判断题难度较大,文章一般不会直接表明人物的态度,需要我们根据人物的语言、表情或动作来揣摩其态度,例如本篇第30题,根据第四段中的“...smiledbeforehesaid“Thanks”andthenhegavemeathumbs-up.”可知,他微笑着感谢作者并向作者竖起了大拇指,由此可知,这位年轻人对作者的善意很感激。D(2021·临沂模拟)　　Everynewparentknowsthatrockingcancalmthatuneasybabywhenit’stimetotakeanap.Butthebenefitsofgentlemovementmaygobeyondthebabystage.Becausetwonewstudiesshowthatrockingalsohelpsgrown-ups,bothhumanandmouse,getagoodnight’ssleep.　　Whatshouldbenosurpriseisthatmovementcancalmsomeone.Thinkofhowmanytimesyou’vefallenasleeponatrain.Butcanmotionreallycauseanap,andmakeforadeepersleep?　　Tofindout,researchersinvited18healthyvolunteersforasleepover.“Sotheycametothelabandsleptonetimeonthemotionless,normalbed.Andonenightwheretheygotrocked.”saidAurorePerrault,asleepresearcherattheUniversityofGenevainSwitzerland.“Andwhatwefindisthatwhencomparedtoamotionlessnight,awholenightofrockingsleephasabeneficialeffectnotonlyonsleepbeginningbutalsoonsleepcontinuity.”Subjectswhowererockedalsodidbetteronamemorytestthenextmorningthanthestillersleepers.　　Inthesecondstudy,Kompotis,astudentattheUniversityofLausanne,rockedarackofmice.Whetherrockingaffectssleepinotherspecieswasneverbeforediscussed.Sothemainquestionsforourstudywerewhetherrockingaffectssleepinmiceandwhatisthepossiblesystem?　　Kompotisplacedthemousecagesonaplatformthatmovedfromsidetoside.Though\nmicewererockedfourtimesfasterthantheirhumancounterparts—afrequencyofoneback-and-forthpersecond,or1Hertz,workedbest—theresultswerestrikinglysimilar.Duringrockingat1Hertz,timespentasleepincreased,andmicefellasleeptwiceasfastasatstillcondition.However,additionalstudiescouldallowtheresearcherstoidentifyanewaimfortreatingsleepdisorders,includinginsomnia(失眠).　　Untilthen,youmightthinkaboutaddingalittleswingtoyournighttimeroutine.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。研究人员在测试中发现,那些被摇晃过的人比那些静止不动的人在睡眠方面更好。并且,后来的测试发现,摇晃对动物也有促进睡眠的作用。文章还介绍了这项研究的过程。32.What’sthepurposeofthesecondstudyinthepassage?A.Todoresearchonthesleepsystemofotherspecies.B.Todiscussinwhichcaserockingaffectsbaby’ssleep.C.Toseewhetherrockingaffectssleepofotherspecies.D.Tostudytheinfluenceofrockingonsleepdisorders.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段中Inthesecondstudy,Kompotis,astudentattheUniversityofLausanne,rockedarackofmice.Whetherrockingaffectssleepinotherspecieswasneverbeforediscussed.可知在第二项研究中,洛桑大学的学生Kompotis摇晃了一组老鼠。以前从未有人讨论过摇晃是否会影响其他物种的睡眠。由此可推知,第二项研究的目的是观察摇摆是否影响其他物种的睡眠。33.WhatdoweknowaboutthemiceinParagraph5?A.Theirsleepingtimeincreasedwhenrockedat1Hertz.B.Theirsleepdisorderincludinginsomniawastreated.C.Whenrocked,theyfellasleeptwicefasterthanatstillcondition.D.Whenrocked,theyworkedfasterthantheirhumancounterparts.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第五段中Duringrockingat1Hertz,timespentasleepincreased,andmicefellasleeptwiceasfastasatstillcondition.可知在1赫兹的摇晃中,老鼠的睡眠时间增加了,老鼠入睡的速度是静止状态的两倍。由此可知,当震动频率为1赫兹时,老鼠的睡眠时间增加。\n34.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheexperiment?A.Byconductingasurvey.B.Byaskingquestions.C.Byfillingoutquestionnaires.D.Bymakingcomparisons.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Thoughmicewererockedfourtimesfasterthantheirhumancounterparts—afrequencyofoneback-and-forthpersecond,or1Hertz,workedbest—theresultswerestrikinglysimilar.可知尽管老鼠摇摆的速度是人类的四倍——频率为每秒1次,或1赫兹,效果最好——但结果却惊人地相似。由此可推知,研究人员是通过比较进行实验的。35.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.RockingHelpsGrown-upsSleepToo.B.DeepSleepNeedstheConstantSwing.C.RockingGreatlyAffectsDeepSleep.D.RockingCanTreatSleepDisorders.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段中Becausetwonewstudiesshowthatrockingalsohelpsgrown-ups,bothhumanandmouse,getagoodnight’ssleep.结合文章主要内容可知研究人员在测试中发现,那些被摇晃过的人比那些静止不动的人在睡眠方面更好。并且,后来的测试发现,摇晃对动物也有促进睡眠的作用。文章还介绍了这项研究的过程。【知识拓展】标题归纳题属于深层理解题,它要求考生在通读全文的基础上,认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图。在此基础上,还应做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。概括性原则:要求标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文,囊括文章的主要内容,体现文章的主题要旨。从全局的角度归纳概括出文章的标题。要防止本末倒置,主次不分,以点代面,以偏概全。针对性原则:针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。即标题的外延既不能太大也不能太小,要量体裁衣,大小适度。醒目性原则:标题是文章的点睛之笔,是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响文章的可读性。读者往往从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍,故标题往往比较醒目,甚至比较离奇,目的是吸引读者的注意力,唤起读者阅读文章的兴趣。\n如第35小题,根据第一段中Becausetwonewstudiesshowthatrockingalsohelpsgrown-ups,bothhumanandmouse,getagoodnight’ssleep.可知因为两项新的研究表明,摇摆也有助于成年人,包括人类和老鼠,获得一个良好的睡眠。结合文章主要内容可知研究人员在测试中发现,那些被摇晃过的人比那些静止不动的人在睡眠方面更好。并且,后来的测试发现,摇晃对动物也有促进睡眠的作用。文章还介绍了这项研究的过程。故A选项“摇摆也有助于成年人的睡眠”符合文章标题。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)(2021·山师大附中一模)　　根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。　　Whenplanningforanewjob,manypeoplewillgothroughajobinterview.　36　Fearoftheunknown,fearofpublicrejectionandfearofpersonalcriticismallcometogetherinonemeeting.Sohowshouldyouprepareforajobinterview?It’softenacombinationofcarefulresearch,psychologyandanabilitytothinkonyourfeet. 　　Onewayistodoagreatdealofresearch,likefindingtherequirementsofthejob,thecompany’sproductlines,theindustry’sstandardsalaryfortheposition,theinterviewer,etc.Whendoingresearch,don’tforgettolearnaboutwhetheryouhaveuniquequalificationsfortheposition.　37　Thus,prepareyouruniqueaspectswhichwillmakeyoustandoutamongintervieweesaheadoftime. 　　　38　Doyouexpressyourideasclearly?Doyouactivelylistentoothers?Howyouperformintheinterviewwillleaveadeepimpressionontheinterviewers. 　　Somejobseekersprepareforajobinterviewbyconductingtheirownmock(模拟的)interviews.Atrustedfriendorevenaprofessionaljobcoachcanactasaninterviewer,askingmanyofthesamequestionsarealinterviewermightask.Inviewofyourperformance,thesepeoplemaybeabletopointoutyourtroublespots.　39　 　　There’realsonumerousresourcesjobseekerscanusetoprepareforajobinterview.　40　Manycitiesalsohaveprogramshelpingfirst-timeworkersfindjobs.\nTheymayofferclassesonhowtoprepareforajobintervieworprovidejobcoacheswhocanconductmockinterviews. A.Youshouldconsiderhowtobequalified.B.Self-helpbooksmaybeavailableatpubliclibraries.C.Anotherwayistoworkonyouroutwardappearance.D.Itcanbeoneofthemoststressfuleventsinaperson’slife.E.Then,youcanimproveyourselfbyovercomingyourweaknesses.F.Observinghowyoucommunicatewithothersisequallyimportant.G.Aninterviewer’sjobistorecommendthebestqualifiedapplicants.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几种准备面试的方法。36.【解析】选D。此空设于段中,与上文存在指代关系。该项中的It指代上文的jobinterview。37.【解析】选G。此空设于段中,与上文存在因果关系。该项解释了为什么要了解自己是否具备与某个职位相关的特殊资质。38.【解析】选F。此空设于段首,是本段的主题句。本段后面内容expressyourideasclearly及activelylistentoothers都是对该主题句的具体阐释。39.【解析】选E。此空设于段尾,与上文存在顺承关系。模拟面试中,其他人可能会指出你的缺点,然后,你就能克服自己的缺点,提升自己。40.【解析】选B。此空设于段中,与下文存在并列关系。该项与下文都属于帮助人们准备面试的资源。第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)　　阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。　　“WhenIwasakid,wewereoutandaboutallthetime,playingwithourfriends,inandoutofeachother’shouses,sandwichinpocket,makingourown　41　.Ourparents　42　sawusfrommorningtonight.Wedidn’thavemuchstuff,butwecameandwentasweliked.”Thisisroughlywhatyouwill　43　ifyouaskanyoneover30abouttheir　44　inarichcounty. 　　Todaysuchchildrenwillspendmostoftheirtime　45　oftenwithparentsrather\nthanwithfriends,besupervised(监管)moreclosely,bedriveneverywhere　46　walkingorcycling,takepartinmanymore　47　activities,andprobablyengagewithascreenofsomekind.Allthisisdonewiththebestof　48　.Parentsintendtoprotecttheiroffspringfromtraffic,crimeandotherdangers,andtogivethemeveryopportunityto　49　. 　　Thechildrenthemselvesseemfairly　50　withtheirlives.InasurveyacrosstheOECD,15-year-oldswereaskedto　51　theirsatisfactionwiththeirlifeonascalefromzerototen.The　52　scorewas7.3,withFinnishkidsthe　53　,atnearly7.9,andTurkishonesthegloomiest(灰暗的),at6.1. 　　　54　,thatisnotsurprising.　55　parentsthesedays,especiallyinAmerica,investahugeamountoftimeandmoneyintheirchildrentoensurethattheywilldo　56　aswellastheparentsthemselveshavedone,andpreferablybetter.Those　57　andextratutoring,musiclessonsandeducationalvisits,togetherwithlivelydiscussionsathomehaveprovedeffectiveasecuringthegood　58　thatwillopenthedoorstotopuniversitiesandwell-paidjobs.Butworking-classparentsinAmerica,fortheirpart,　59　themeanstoengageinsuchintensiveparenting.Asaresult,socialdivisionsfromonegenerationtothenextaresetto　60　.ArecentreportbytheWorldBankshowedthatintergenerationalsocialmobilityinAmericaisnowamongthelowestinallrichcountries. 【文章大意】本文是议论文,谈论的是孩子们目前所处的环境以及对孩子们所带来的影响。41.A.plans　B.scheduleC.decisionsD.entertainment【解析】选D。根据首句句意“当我还是个孩子的时候,整日在外面,与朋友一起玩,在彼此的家里跑进跑出”,且可以看到“playing”这个词,所以可以判断后面的名词应该是与“玩”有关的词。观察四个选项,plan计划;schedule计划表;decisions结论;entertainment娱乐。makeourownentertainment指自娱自乐,自己找乐子。故选D。42.A.oftenB.hardlyC.willinglyD.reluctantly【解析】选B。根据前文“整日在外面玩”的语境可以得出这里指“父母很少能够从早到晚都看到我们”。观察四个选项,A项经常;B项很少;C项愿意地;D项不情愿地。故选B。\n43.A.sayB.citeC.hearD.mention【解析】选C。根据后文“ifyouask”中的“ask”(问)可以推测出前面引号里的内容应该是一个“答”,所以应该是“听到”。故选C。44.A.studyB.hobbyC.familyD.childhood【解析】选D。根据第一段以及全文可知文章都是描述与小时候有关的事情,所以应该是问“任何30岁以上的人的童年”。45.A.aloneB.sociallyC.indoorsD.outdoors【解析】选C。根据“withparentsratherthanwithfriends,besupervisedmoreclosely”可知现在的孩子通常是和父母而不是朋友在一起,被更密切地监督,再结合“...andprobablyengagewithascreenofsomekind”,可知孩子们可能还会接触到某种屏幕。所以孩子们是在室内的。46.A.insteadofB.regardlessofC.duetoD.nextto【解析】选A。空前出现“bedriveneverywhere”可知,现在的孩子在父母的保护下,去哪里都有车接送,代替了空后“walkingorcycling”自己走路或骑车。47.A.casualB.desiredC.organizedD.physical【解析】选C。根据本句话中“besupervised”,可知孩子们是被密切的监督着,所以活动应该是组织好的。48.A.rewardsB.intentionsC.guidanceD.discipline【解析】选B。原词复现,后文提到“Parentsintendto...”可知,父母们想要在一个在他们看来更危险的世界里保护自己的后代免受交通事故、犯罪和其他危险,照应此处的孩子们的一切都是在最佳意图中落实的。49.A.riskB.failC.relaxD.succeed【解析】选D。用and连接,\n表明前后句逻辑一致。前半句父母想要保护他们的子女免受交通事故、犯罪和其他危险;后半句,也应该是褒义的,再结合后文父母的付出就是想让孩子们上好大学,找到好工作,成为人生赢家,因此是给他们每一个成功的机会。50.A.happyB.boredC.familiarD.unsatisfied【解析】选A。根据后面的调查,要孩子们按他们对生活的满意度进行0到10分打分,孩子们打的平均分是7.3,由此可以推断出,孩子们对于他们的生活还是很满意的。51.A.rateB.predictC.anticipateD.connect【解析】选A。根据后面的调查,要孩子们从0到10打分,所以是对满意度进行评估或排名。52.A.finalB.averageC.minimumD.maximum【解析】选B。根据后面的7.9分和6.1分,可以推断出,这里的7.3分是平均分。53.A.lowestB.poorestC.funniestD.sunniest【解析】选D。根据前后文理解,该段在讲OECD(经济合作与发展组织)国家的儿童生活满意度的情况,且平均值7.3,芬兰最高7.9,而土耳其最低,只有6.1。参考形容最低值时用的是gloomiest最灰暗的。54.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.UnluckilyD.Hopefully【解析】选A。虽然现在的孩子不像第一段中也就是他们的父母那样自由,但是对于生活的满意度依然与家庭经济情况成正比。结果+“然而,这并不意外”+原因分析。55.A.RichB.PoorC.KindD.Strict【解析】选A。根据后文举例用的是“especiallyinAmerica”尤其是美国以及“investahugeamountoftimeandmoney”投入大量的时间和金钱可以分析出是富裕的父母。56.A.atmostB.atlastC.atfirstD.atleast【解析】选D。该空分析了富裕的父母在孩子身上花费大量的时间和财力的目的(“toensure”)。从后文的两个情况来看,一个是“aswellas”一样好;另一个是“preferablybetter”最好是更好,两者分析比较。\n57.A.dullB.limitedC.endlessD.meaningless【解析】选C。根据后文“haveprovedeffective”,可知这里是褒义词,排除dull无趣的和meaningless无意义的。剩下limited有限的;endless无止境的,再根据前文父母投入大量的时间和金钱给孩子们更好的发展,故这里是指数量庞大的词,所以是endless。58.A.fameB.gradesC.positionsD.identity【解析】选B。根据后文“thatwillopenthedoorstotopuniversitiesandwell-paidjobs”可知是能够打开顶尖大学的门并且获得薪酬优厚的工作,那么就应该是好的成绩。59.A.denyB.lackC.possessD.require【解析】选B。根据本段前几句话可知富裕的父母会花费大量的时间和金钱来培养孩子们获得好成绩进入顶尖大学并获得薪酬优厚的工作,文中的But表示转折,所以工薪阶层的父母应该是缺少这样的方式来教育孩子。60.A.appearB.shortenC.disappearD.broaden【解析】选D。根据文中富裕的父母花大量时间和金钱培养孩子,但是工薪阶级的父母缺乏这种方式,所以导致的结果就是社会阶级的划分从上一代到下一代会扩大。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)　　阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。　　ChinaonMondayreleasedalistofrecommendedcandidatesforhigheststatehonors,andinvitedpublicopinionsaboutit,accordingtoaworkingcommitteeonthePartyandstatemedalsandhonorarytitles.　　ZhongNanshan,afamousinfectiousdiseaseexpert,hasbeennominatedforahighlyprestigioushonorforhisoutstandingcontributionto61.__________(fight)theCOVID-19epidemicinChina,accordingtoanotice62.__________(release)onMondaybyaworkingcommitteeonPartyandStatemedalsandhonorarytitles.ThecommitteerecommendedZhong63.__________(receive)theMedaloftheRepublicthisyear.ZhongisamemberoftheChineseAcademyofEngineeringanddirectoroftheNationalClinicalResearchCenterforRespiratoryDisease. \n　　ZhangBoli,ZhangDingyuandChenWei,allof64.__________playedanimportantroleinthefight65.__________COVID-19,wereshortlistedfor66.__________(nation)honorarytitles,itadded. 　　ZhangBoli,anacademicianwiththeChineseAcademyofEngineering,hasbeendevotedtothestudyoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM).He67.__________(lead)theformulationoftheTCMtreatmentprotocolforCOVID-19patientsandofferedguidanceonTCMtreatmentforCOVID-19patients. 　　ZhangDingyu,headofJinyintanHospital,oneofthe68.__________(designate)hospitalsforCOVID-19patientsinWuhan,hasbeenleadingthetreatmentofCOVID-19patientsinthecityoncehardhitbytheepidemic,theworkingcommitteesaid. 　　ChenWei,69.__________researcherwiththeInstituteofMilitaryMedicineundertheAcademyofMilitarySciences,hasearnedmajor70.__________(achieve)inbasicresearchanddevelopmentofvaccinesanddrugsagainstCOVID-19. 【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了党和国家功勋荣誉表彰工作委员会办公室发布关于“共和国勋章”和国家荣誉称号建议人选的公示,就该名单征求公众意见。61.【解析】fighting。考查动词-ing形式。contribution后面的to是介词,用动词-ing形式作宾语。62.【解析】released。考查过去分词。release和notice之间为动宾关系,用过去分词作定语。63.【解析】toreceive。考查动词不定式。recommendsb.todosth.推荐某人做某事。64.【解析】whom。考查定语从句。allofwhom引导定语从句。65.【解析】against。考查介词。afightagainst...对……的斗争,名词fight后跟介词against表对象。66.【解析】national。考查词性转换。根据第一段可知,这是国家荣誉称号的授予,用形容词作定语。67.【解析】led。考查动词时态。根据本句中的andoffered,可知用一般过去时。68.【解析】designated。考查非谓语动词。修饰名词hospitals,用过去分词作定语,designate和hospitals为动宾关系,表示“被指定的”。69.【解析】a。考查冠词。说明ChenWei的身份,用不定冠词a。\n70.【解析】achievements。考查词性转换。作谓语动词hasearned的宾语,用名词。根据后面的定语可知,此处表示不止一个成就,用名词复数。【知识拓展】1.动词或动词词组后面用动名词作宾语enjoy;finish;avoid;befondof;giveup;lookforwardto;getdownto;devote...to...;beusedto(习惯);spend...(in)doingsth.;objectto。2.meandoingsth.意味着做某事,meantodosth.打算做某事;regretdoingsth.后悔曾经做过某事,regrettodosth.遗憾地去做某事;trydoingsth.尝试做某事,trytodosth.努力去做某事;forgetdoingsth.忘记曾做过某事,forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事;rememberdoingsth.记得曾经做过某事,remembertodosth.记得要去做某事。第四部分　写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节　短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)(2021·成都模拟)　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。　　增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。　　删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。　　修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。　　注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。　　Schoollifeisalargepartofmyadolescence.Ihavelearnedhowtogetonwellwithmyfellowschoolmateandteachersatschool.It’squiteusualwhatargumentshappenbetweenstudents.Foranexample,wemayhavedifferentopinionswhenitcometoorganizinganactivity.　　However,wehavetolearntorespectotherpeople’sopinionsandthinkaboutitcarefully.Itisnecessaryforustohaveadiscussionafterwemakeafinaldecision.Schoollifehadreallytaughtmehowtocommunicateeachother.Itwillcertainplayanimportantroleinhelpmefindagoodjobinthefuture.\n【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。叙述了学校生活使作者收获了什么。1.【解析】第二句的schoolmate→schoolmates。and并列连接fellowschoolmate和teachers,且schoolmate为可数名词。2.【解析】第三句的what→that。it为形式主语,真正的主语为从句,从句的句子成分完整,\n所以连接词为that。3.【解析】第四句的foranexample去掉an。forexample例如,固定搭配。4.【解析】第四句的come→comes。分析句子可知,句子为一般现在时,it为主语,所以谓语动词为第三人称单数形式。5.【解析】第五句的it→them。them替代前面的opinions。6.【解析】第六句的after→before。考查连词。句意:在做出最后决定之前,我们有必要进行讨论。根据句意用before表示“在……之前”。7.【解析】第七句的had→has。分析句子可知,句子为一般现在时,schoollife为主语,所以谓语动词为第三人称单数形式。8.【解析】第七句的communicate后加上with。communicatewithsb.“与某人交流”。9.【解析】第八句的certain→certainly。certainly为副词修饰动词play。10.【解析】第八句:help→helping。句意:它肯定会在帮助我将来找到一份好工作方面发挥重要作用。in后用动名词作宾语。【知识拓展】当that用作连接词,引导名词性从句时,可引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句,that在从句中既不充当任何成分,也无实际意义,仅起着连接句子的作用。一般不可省略(宾语从句除外)。分析第二处的句子可知,it为形式主语,真正的主语为从句,从句的句子成分完成,所以连接词为that。第二节　书面表达(满分25分)　　学校发现最近经常有学生违反学校规定,通过手机APP订购外卖。假定你是新华中学学生会主席李华,请你代表学生会用英语拟一份书面通知。内容包括:1.重申学校规定;2.陈述发布规定的原因;3.呼吁同学们自觉遵守学校规定。注意:词数100左右。参考词汇:规定restriction,违反violateNotice    \n TheStudentUnion【参考范文】Notice　　Recently,somestudentshavebeenfoundtoordertake-outthroughcellphoneApps,whichobviouslyviolatestheschoolrestrictions.HeretheStudentUnionisrestatingthatorderingtake-outonlineduringschooltimeisstrictlyprohibitedinourschool.　　Rulesarenecessary.Asweallknow,foodsafetyhasalwaysbeenabigconcerntousall.Andthisviolationhasundoubtedlydoublethisconcern.Besides,problemscausedbyorderingtake-outonlinehascreatedabigchallengetotheschoolmanagement.Sohereweappealtoallthestudentstoimprovetheawarenessofrespectingourschoolrestrictionsandstopthisviolationnow!TheStudentUnion