高考英语 Unit 2　English around the world要点梳理+重点突破 新人教版必修1

必修1　Unit2　Englisharoundtheworld要点梳理高效梳理·知识备考●重点单词1．officialadj.官方的；正式的；公务的→officen．办公室→officern．官员2．voyagen．航行；航海3．nativeadj.本国的；本地的n．本地人；本国人4．actuallyadv.实际上；事实上5．basevt.以……为根据n.基部；基地；基础→basicadj.基本的；基础的6．gradualadj.逐渐的，逐步的→graduallyadv.逐渐地，逐步地7．identityn．本身；本体；身份→identicaladj.相同的，一样的→identifyv．确定；认出；鉴定8．fluentadj.流利的；流畅的→fluentlyadv.流利地，流畅地→fluencyn．流利，流畅9．frequentadj.频繁的；常见的→frequentlyadv.常常；频繁地→frequencyn．频率；频度10．usagen．使用；用法；词语惯用法→usefuladj.有用的→usen.&v．使用，利用11．commandn.&vt.命令；指令；掌握→commandern．指挥员，司令员12．requestn．&vt.请求；要求13．expressionn．词语；表示；表达→expressv．表达→expressiveadj.富于表情的；有表现力的14．recognizevt.辨认出；承认；公认→recognizableadj.容易认出的；易于识别的→recognitionn．认出；认识；识别15．accentn．口音；腔调；重音16．lightningn．闪电17．straightadv.直接地；挺直地adj.直的；笔直的；正直的●重点短语1．becauseof　　　　　　　　　由于；因为22\n2．comeup走近；上来3．atpresent现在；目前4．makeuseof利用5．suchas例如……；像这种的6．playapartin扮演一个角色；参与7．everbefore从前8．evenif/though即使9．bebasedon以……为基础10．overtime长期以来11．intheearlydays在早期12．thesameas相同于●重点句型1．Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的把英语作为第一语言来说，有的把它作为第二语言或外语。2．NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.以英语为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互交流。3．Believeitornot,_thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。●高考范文(2009·全国卷Ⅱ)假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Sarah打算暑期来北京旅游，来信询问改建后前门大街的情况。请你写封回信，简单介绍以下内容：1.简况：长800余米、600多年历史、300余家商铺；2.位置：天安门广场南面；3.交通：公共汽车17、69、59等路，地铁2号线；4.特色：步行街、当当车、茶馆、剧院等。参考词汇：步行街pedestrianstreet当当车trolleycar地铁subway22\n注意：1.词数100左右，开头语已为你写好；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearSarah，ThankyouforyouletteraskingabouttherebuiltQianmenstreet.Hereissomethingaboutit.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua[范文]DearSarah,ThankyouforyourletteraskingabouttherebuiltQianmenstreet.Hereissomethingaboutit.Itismorethan800meterslongwithahistoryofover600yearsand300shopsaroundit.ItliessouthoftheTian'anmenSquareanditstrafficisveryconvenient.YoucantakeseveralbusessuchasNo.17,69,59,etc.togetthere.YoucanalsotakeNo.2subway.Therearemanyattractionshere.Forexample,youcanwalkonthepedestrianstreettoexperiencetherichcultureofBeijingandbuysomethingyoulike.Youcanalsotaketrolleycartogowhereveryou'dliketo.Besides,therearesometeashopsandtheaterswhereyoucanrelaxyourselfaftersomewalk.Lookingforwardtoyourcoming.Yours，Li_Hua考点探究互动探究·能力备考Ⅰ.词汇短语过关1．nativeadj.本地的，出生地的；天赋的n.本地人；出生于某国的人benativeto...　原产于某地one’snativecountry/land　本国，祖国22\nnativeplace　出生地one’snativelanguage　本国语，本族语，母语anativeof　当地人/产于……的动/植物[即学即练1]　(1)Chinaisour____________，andChineseisour____________.中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。(2)Thetiger__________________India.这种虎产于印度。(3)Heis__________________Beijing.他是北京人。　nativecountrynativelanguageisnativetoanativeof2．basevt.以……为根据n．基部；基地；基础basesth.on/uponsth.以……为基础(或根据)basesb./sth./oneselfin以……为据点(或总部等)，把(总部等)设在thebaseofacolumn/glass/pyramid柱基/玻璃杯底/金字塔底座amilitary/navalbase军事/海军基地[即学即练2]　(1)Whatareyou______thistheory______？你这种理论的根据是什么？(2)Theydecidedto______thenewcompany______NewYork.他们决定将新成立的公司总部设在纽约。(3)Thet0ownisanideal______fortouringthearea.这个镇子是在这一地区旅游观光的理想地点。basingonbaseinbase22\n3．commandn．[C]命令；指令[U]掌握vt.&vi.命令；指挥；支配atone’scommand随心所欲地at/byone’scommand奉某人之命incommandof指挥；统帅underone’scommand由……指挥takecommandof担任……的指挥haveagoodcommandof很好地掌握commandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事commandthat...(should)do...命令……[即学即练3]　(1)Thearmyis______________________________.军队由国王直接统率。(2)She______________________________theGermanlanguage.她精通德语。(3)Hecommandedus____________immediately.＝Hecommandedthatwe____________immediately.他命令我们马上离开。undertheking’scommandhasagoodcommandoftoleaveshouldleave4．requestn.&vt.请求，要求requeststh.of/fromsb.向某人请求某物requestsb.todosth.请求某人做某事requestthatsb.(should)dosth.请求……It’srequestedthat...据要求……atone’srequestattherequestofsb.应某人之请求beinrequest有需要，受欢迎makearequestforsth.请求，要求……22\n[即学即练4]　(1)Thesematerialsare____________________.急需这些材料。(2)She________________________somewater.她请求给点水。(3)MayI______yourattention？请你们注意一下好吗？(4)Irequest(ofhim)thathe____________.我要求他离开。(5)Visitorsarerequested__________________thepaintings.游客不许动油画。ingreatrequestMadearequestforrequestshouldleavenottotouch5．recognizevt.辨认出；承认recognitionn．认出，识别recognizableadj.可认出的recognizedadj.公认的recognizesb./sth.by/from...根据……认出某人/事(物)recognizesb./sth.as/tobe...承认某人(物)是……It’srecognizedthat...人们公认……outof/beyondrecognition认不出来[即学即练5]　(1)I____________Mary______hervoiceonthephone.我在电话中根据声音辨认出是玛丽。(2)Lawrence’snovel______eventually___________________/____________aworkofgenius.劳伦斯的小说最后被认为是天才的作品。(3)________________________environmentpollutionhasbecomeoneofthemostseriousproblems.人们一致认为环境污染已经成了最严重的问题之一。recognizedbywas22\nrecognizedastobeItisrecognizedthat6．becauseof因为，由于becauseof是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词。because是连词，后跟从句。[即学即练6]　(1)Hewasabsentnot____________hisillness,but_____________hisfatherdied.他缺席不是因为他生病，而是因为他父亲去世了。(2)Itwas__________________thathehadgoneabroad.就是为了她，他才出国的。becauseofbecausebecauseofher(3)Herealizedthatshewascryingbecauseof________________________.他意识到她哭是因为他说的那些话的缘故。(4)Becauseof________________________，Isaidnothingabouthermistake.因为她丈夫在场，对她的错误我就没说什么。whathehadsaidherhusband’sbeingthere7．comeup走近；(植物)长出地面；(太阳)升起；出现；被提及(1)＝comeforward走近；赶上；上来(2)＝rise;cometoahigherplace(esp.thesun,themoon)(太阳、月亮)升起(3)＝bebroughtupfordiscussion;bementioned被提出讨论，被谈到；引起注意(4)＝occur/happen(尤指意想不到地)发生22\n(5)＝presentoneself出席，参加，到场(6)＝appearabovethesoil;begintogrow露出地面，发芽[即学即练7]　写出下列各句中comeup的意思。(1)I’llletyouknowifanythingcomesup.____________(2)Achildcameuptomeandshowedmethewaytothestation.________________(3)Yourquestioncameupatthemeeting.________________(4)Theskywasdarkblueandclearwhenthemooncameup.___________(5)Theyoungtreeshavecomeup._________(6)Icameupforaninterviewbutdidn’tgetthejob.________发生走近；走上来被提出讨论升起发芽到场拓展：comeupwith想出；提出comeabout发生comeacross偶遇；偶然发现(＝comeupon)comealong一道来；一起去；进步；赶快comeback回来；记起comeon(风、雨等)到来；演出；赶快；得了吧comeout出版；出来，出现；结果是cometo苏醒；总计；达到；谈到8．makeuseof利用；使用makefulluseof充分利用makethebestuseof尽量利用makegooduseof好好利用，合理利用22\nmakelittleuseof没有很好地利用[即学即练8]　(1)Weshould____________________everyminutetolearnwell.我们应该充分利用每一分钟好好学习。(2)Ourfactory______________________________robots.我们工厂正越来越多地使用机器人。makegooduseofismakingincreasinguseof拓展：beofgreatuse很有用gooutofuse不被使用，废弃comeintouse开始被使用beinuse在使用中bring/put...touse加以使用【注意】在学习语言的过程中应注意语言的活用以及词的搭配。Howmuchdoyouknowabouttheusethatwehavemade_ofthemoney？(句子中use做先行词，关系代词that代替use，在定语从句中做make的宾语。)我们对钱的使用情况你了解多少？9．playarole/partin在……中担任角色；在……中起作用playanimportantrole/partin在……方面起重要作用playtheroleofsb.＝play/actthepartofsb.(在剧中)扮演某人的角色playtheleadingrole起主要(带头)作用[即学即练9]　(1)Scienceandtechnology______________________________developingagriculture.科技在发展农业中起重要作用。(2)Hewill________________________thedoctorinmylatestdrama.他将在我最新的戏里出演医生的角色。playsanimportantrole/partin22\nplay/acttherole/partof【提示】playarole/partin是“动词＋名词＋介词”构成的动词短语，这类短语有两个重要考点：(1)用名词做主语，用于被动句；(2)用名词做先行词，用于定语从句。类似短语有：makeuseof,payattentionto等。Ⅱ.重点句型详解1．NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所说的英语不尽相同，也可以相互交流。句中evenif相当于eventhough,意为“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。evenif/though引导的从句中可用现在时代替将来时。①Evenifyoudon'tlikeflowers,youshouldn'tmisstheflowerexhibition.即使你不喜欢花，这次花展你也不应错过。②Wehavedecidedtovisitthemuseumevenifitrainstomorrow.我们决定明天去参观博物馆，即使下雨。拓展：(1)引导让步状语从句的引导词还有although,though,nomatterwhen/what...,whenever,wherever,however等等。(2)as也可以引导让步状语从句，但要把其表语、谓语或宾语前置，且前置的单数名词不可以加冠词。①Eventhoughyouachievegreatsuccessinyourwork,youshouldnotbeconceited.即使你们在工作中取得了巨大的成绩，也不应该自满。②Whateveryoudo,doitwell.不管你做什么，把它做好。③Howeverhotitis,hewon'ttakeoffhishat.不管多热，他都不摘下帽子。④Girlassheis,shecangoaloneinthedarkness.尽管她是个女孩，她敢一个人走夜路。[即境活用1]　(2007·浙江)Manyofthemturnedadeafeartohisadvice,______theyknewittobevaluable.A．asif　　　　　　　　　B．nowthatC．eventhoughD．sothat22\n解析：eventhough＝evenif“即使”，引导让步状语从句。答案：C2．Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。(1)believeitornot信不信由你。常在句中做插入语。(2)nosuchthing没有这样的事情。such与all,no,some,any,few,little,many,much,several,one等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。①Believeitornot,herefusedtoacceptouroffer.信不信由你，他拒绝接受我们的帮助。②Thereisnosuchstreetinthecity.这城市没有那样的街道。③Hesaidhedidn'thavetimeormadesomesuchexcuse.他说他没有时间或别的诸如此类的借口。[即境活用2]　(2009·安徽)I’mamazedtohearfrommyschoolteacheragain.______，itistenyearssincewemetlast.A．InawordB．What’smoreC．That’stosayD．Believeitornot解析：句意：想不到又一次收到学校老师的来信，信不信由你，我们上次见面还是在十年前。inaword总之；what’smore而且；that’stosay也就是说；believeitornot信不信由你。答案：D易错点拨自我完善·误区备考1.recognize/realize/know(1)recognize指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。(2)realize强调在经过一个过程后的了解。(3)know是延续性动词，指互相间十分熟悉、十分了解。[应用1](1)Onlyafteryouloseyourhealthwillyou____________theimportanceofhealth.(2)I've________________Tomforyears.(3)I__________himassoonashecameintotheroom.22\nrealizeknownrecognized2.suchas/forexample/thatis/andsoon(1)suchas用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间，且其后不用逗号，直接跟所列举的事物，可与like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否则就用thatis或namely。(2)forexample主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末(suchas只能位于所列举的事物之前)。(3)thatis相当于namely，它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。(4)andsoon对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用．..andsoon进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了。[应用2]　(1)Mydaughterstudiesfoursubjectsinschool,____________，Chinese,maths,EnglishandP．E.(2)Overcooking,____________，destroysmanynutrients.(3)Hecanspeaksomeotherlanguages,____________FrenchandGerman.(4)Therearesomebooks,pens,erasers____________inmybag.thatisforexamplesuchasandsoon3.with的复合结构[应用3]　(1)—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork______mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A．filledB．fillingC．tofillD．beingfilled解析：with复合结构中，work和fill是主动关系，且表示正在进行，因此其后要用doing结构。答案：B(2)Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork______，hegladlyacceptedit.A．finishedB．finishing22\nC．havingfinishedD．wasfinished解析：根据work和finish是被动关系，可以判断出答案。答案：A(3)______twoexamstoworryabout,Ihavetoworkreallyhardthisweekend.A．WithB．BesidesC．AsforD．Becauseof解析：根据句意，此处应采用“with＋宾语＋不定式”。答案：A(4)Itwascoldoutside,theboyranintotheroom______hisnosered.A．toB．onC．inD．with解析：这个句子考查with的复合结构的用法，用“with＋名词＋形容词”做状语表示伴随情况。而to、on、in作为介词则没有这种用法，故排除A、B、C，答案为D。句意是：外面天气很冷，那个男孩跑进了屋子时，鼻子红红的。答案：D高效作业自我测评·技能备考Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Alotofstudentsp_______________atthemeetingtookpartinthediscussion.2．Thetalltreewasstruckbyl___________andbroke.3．Therobberwascaughtwhenhewasfillinghiscarwithp__________atthefillingstation.4．Goupinane_______________tothefifthfloor.5．Helookedcalm,buta__________hewasverynervous.presentlightningpetrolelevator22\nactually6．Intheword“happy”the_________(重音)isonthefirstsyllable.7．Hehasapoor_________________(词汇),sohecan'texpresshimselfcorrectly.8．Thegentlemendisclosedtheirown__________(身份)．9．AnyonewhowantstolearnEnglishwellmustrememberthe___________(惯用法)ofEnglish.10．Thoughheisnota___________(本国的)Englishspeaker,hecanspeakEnglishveryfluently.accentvocabularyidentitiesusagenativeⅡ.单项选择1．(2009·安徽卷)－Doyouthinkit’sagoodideatomakefriendswithyourstudents?－______，Ido.Ithinkit’sagreatidea.A．ReallyB．ObviouslyC．ActuallyD．Generally答案：C解析：考查副词。really真正地；obviously明显地；actually实际上；generally大体上。actually在句中起加强语气的作用，相当于sure，certainly,ofcourse。2．Hisunclemadeafilm______hisstoryinhischildhood.A．basedonB．wasbasedonC．basingonD．tobaseon答案：A解析：basedon为过去分词短语，在句中做后置定语修饰afilm。3．(2010·山东潍坊质量监测)Itcouldbejudgedfromhereyes______shewasverysatisfiedwithherperformance.A．whatB．which22\nC．thatD．where答案：C解析：考查名词性从句。语意为：她对她的表现很满意，这可以从她的眼睛里判断出来。It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主句。4．Themoneycollectedshouldbemadegooduse______thepeopleinSichuanProvincewhosufferedalotintheearthquake.A．ofhelpingB．tohelpC．tohelpingD．oftohelp答案：D解析：make(good)useof“(好好)利用”，变为被动时态即bemadeuseof；句中tohelpthepeople...为不定式做目的状语。5．DuringtheflighttotheMoon,Chang’eISatellite______adjustsherdirectionsothatshecangointoherprogrammedorbitandthencirclearounditatthemostappropriateangle(角度)．A．eventuallyB．graduallyC．constantlyD．continuously答案：B解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意为：在飞往月球的途中，嫦娥一号卫星逐渐调整她的方向以便能进入预定的轨道并以合适的角度绕其运行。A.最终；B.逐渐地；C.不断地；D.继续地。6．I’mChineseandIdofeel______Chineselanguageis______mostbeautifullanguage.What’syouropinion?A．the;aB．/;theC．the;/D．/;a答案：A解析：第一空需填the，指“汉语”；第二空填a,amostbeautifullanguage是泛指，其中most相当于very。7．______asaseriousproblematpresent,ithasdrawnalotofpeople’sattention.A．RecognizeB．RecognizedC．BeingrecognizedD．Havingrecognized答案：B解析：berecognizedas“被认为是……”；句中recognized为过去分词做状语。22\n8．Thearmyreceivedacommandthatthey______tothefrontimmediately.A．wouldmarchB．mustmarchC．shouldmarchD．weremarching答案：C解析：command“命令”，其that从句中用“(should)＋动词原形”。9．Thenewly－foundedchessclubformally______ustoattendtheopeningceremony.A．requestedB．requiredC．demandedD．commanded答案：A解析：表示正式委婉的请求用request。10．(2009·江西一模)Films,______theoneyoutoldmeaboutyesterdayortheonethatwillbeon,______notworthseeing.A．including;isB．aswellas;areC．besides;isD．suchas;are答案：D解析：suchas用于列举事物。又因为主语为复数，第二空格用are，故选D。本句译为：像你昨天告诉我的电影，以及即将上映的，都不值得看。11．ThepartthatChina______intheinternationalaffairs______intheinternationalsociety.A．plays;iswidelypraisedB．plays;iswidepraisedC．takes;widelypraisedD．takes;widepraised答案：A解析：第一空考查短语playapartin;第二空考查被动语态。12．______，asleepydriverkilledtwenty－twostudentsandteachersinatrafficaccidentinShanxiProvince.A．What'smoreB．AfterallC．BelieveitornotD．Moreorless22\n答案：C解析：考查固定短语。13．Manystudentsmakegreatprogressinlistening______thelargeamountoftimedevotedtoit.A．becauseofB．insteadofC．incaseofD．inspiteof答案：A解析：考查介词短语。becauseof“因为”。14．—Oh,it'syou!I______you.—I'vejusthadmyhaircut,andI'mwearingnewglasses.A．didn'trecognizeB．didn'tknowC．haven'trecognizedD．haven'tknown答案：A解析：句中表示“刚刚没有认出某人”用didn'trecognize。15．Hewon'tchangehismind______yougoandtrytopersuadehimyourself.A．sinceB．untilC．asifD．evenif答案：D解析：考查evenif引导让步状语从句。Ⅲ.阅读理解AOneofthekeystobeingsuccessfulinwhatyoudoispersistence.Onceyouhavedeterminedexactlywhatyouwanttoachieve,youmusttakemassiveactiononaconstantbasisinordertosucceed.Oneofthethingsyou'llnoticeonyourjourneytowardsyourgoalisroadblocks.Thatis,youwillcomeacrossobstaclesthatseemtojumpoutofnowhereinanattempttodiscourageyourprogress.Actually,theyareapartoflife.Everyone22\nwouldhaveeverysuccessthateverwantediftherewerenoobstacles.Yourjobistobepersistentandworkthroughobstacles.Ifyoufindlittleornoobstaclesalongtheway,youarenotreallychallengingyourself.Andwhenyoudoreachyourgoal,youwon'texperiencethefeelingof“sweetsuccess”.Makeyourgoalachallengingone!Ifyoutakethetimetostudyasuccessfulperson,youwilllearnthatthevastmajorityofthemhavehadmore“failures”thantheyhavehad“successes”.Thisisbecausesuccessfulpeoplearepersistent;themoretheystumble,_themoretheygetrightbackupandtryagain.Ontheotherhand,peoplewhodon'tgetbackupandtryagainneverreachsuccess.Forexample,WaltDisneywasturneddown302timesbeforehegotfinancingforhisdreamofcreatingthe“HappiestPlaceonEarth”.Today,duetohispersistence,millionsofpeoplehaveshared“thejoyofDisney”.ColonelSandersspenttwoyearsdrivingacrosstheUnitedStateslookingforrestaurantstobuyhischickenrecipe.Hewasturneddown1009times!HowsuccessfulisKentuckyFriedChickentoday!Havingknownthesefacts,keepinmindthatyoumustconstantlyreevaluateyourcircumstancesandtheapproachyouareusingtoreachyourgoal.Thereisnosenseinbeingpersistentatsomethingthatyouaredoingincorrectly!Sometimesyouhavetomodifyyourapproachalongtheway.Everytimeyoudosomethingyoulearnfromit,andthereforefindabetterwaytodoitthenexttime.Todayisthedaytobeginyourjourney,usingconsistencyandpersistency,towardstomorrow'ssuccesses!1.Theauthorseemstobelievethat______.A.challengeswecomeacrossarerewardingB.“sweetsuccess”comesalongwithobstaclesC.themoreobstacleswehave,thebetterwefeelD.wewillreachourgoalbychallengingourselves答案及解析：1．B。推理判断题。根据文章第二段的最后三句可知，作者认为：遇到困难挑战自己，才能体验到成功的甜蜜。2.Thereasonwhypersistentpeoplearesuccessfulisthat______.A.theyexperiencealotoffailuresB.theyareborntobeverystubborn22\nC.theyhavegreatambitionsinmindD.theydon'tgiveupinfaceoffailure答案及解析：2．D。推理判断题。根据第三段，坚持不懈的人最终能取得成功的原因在于他们面临失败的时候，不轻言放弃，而是持之以恒向着目标努力。3.WhydidColonelSandersspendtwoyearsdrivingacrosstheUnitedStates?A.TocountthenumberoftherestaurantsinAmerica.B.Totastedifferentfoodsandfindspecialrecipes.C.Tofindrestaurantsandsellrecipesforfriedchicken.D.ToopenmoreKentuckyFriedChickenchainstores.答案及解析：3．C。细节理解题。第三段的倒数第三句说明ColonelSander用两年的时间驱车去寻访美国的餐馆是为了销售炸鸡的配方。4.Thewordunderlinedinthethirdparagraphmaybemeans“______”．A.withdrawB.achieveC.sprawlD.fall答案及解析：4．D。猜测词义题。根据前句“thevastmajorityofthemhavehadmore‘failures’thantheyhavehad‘successes’”可知作者是在讲述成功人士经历了很多的失败或者跌倒。5.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodoinparagraph4?A.Toconfirmwhetheryourgoalispractical.B.Tomodifyyourapproachfromtimetotime.C.Tochangeourcircumstancesconstantly.D.Tolearnfromourpastmistakes.答案及解析：5．B。主旨大意题。在第四段作者建议我们要依据环境调整做事的方法。只有方法得当，才能取得理想的效果。22\nBEveryonebecomesalittlemoreforgetfulastheygetolder,butmen'smindsdeclinemorethanwomen's,accordingtotheresultsofaworldwidesurvey.Certaindifferencesseemtobeinherentinmaleandfemalebrains:Menarebetteratmaintaininganddealingwithmentalimages(usefulinmathematicalreasoningandspatialskills),whilewomentendtoexcel(擅长)atrecallinginformationfromtheirbrain'sfiles(helpfulwithlanguageskillsandrememberingthelocationsofobjects).Manystudieshavelookedforaconnectionbetweensexandtheamountofmentaldecline(衰退)peopleexperienceastheyage,buttheresultshavebeenmixed.Somestudiesfoundmoreage－relateddeclineinmenthaninwomen,whileotherssawtheoppositeorevennorelationshipatallbetweensexandmentaldecline.Thoseresultscouldbeimproperbecausethestudiesinvolvedolderpeople,andwomenlivelongerthanmen:Thementestedarethesurvivors,“sothey'retheonesthatmaynothaveshownsuchcognitivedecline，”saidstudyteamleaderElizabethoftheUniversityofWarwickinEngland.Peoplesurveyedcompletedfourtasksthattestedsex－relatedcognitiveskills:matchinganobjecttoitsrotatedform,matchinglinesshownfromthesameangle,typingasmanywordsinaparticularcategory(范畴)aspossibleinthegiventime,e．g.“objectusuallycoloredgray”，andrecallingthelocationofobjectsinalinedrawing.Thefirsttwoweretasksatwhichmenusuallyexcel;thelatteraretypicallydominatedbywomen.Withineachagegroupstudied,menandwomenperformedbetterintheirseparatecategoriesonaverage.Andthoughperformancedeclinedwithageforbothgenders,womenshowedobviouslylessdeclinethanmenoverall.6.Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmeans______.A.naturalB.greatC.obviousD.absolute答案及解析：6．A。词意猜测题。男女大脑的思维在某些方面的差异是天生固有的。7.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanNOTbetypedintothesamecategory?A.Cloud.B.Sheep.C.Trees.D.Goose.22\n答案及解析：7．C。推理判断题。根据文章第五段可推断出选项中这类物体是以白色为限定范畴的，故选项C为答案。8.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothearticle?A.MendobetterthanwomenwhenitcomestolearningEnglish.B.Womenstandoutatrememberingpeople'snames.C.Menexcelattypingasmanywordsinaparticularcategoryaspossibleinthegiventime.D.Womenexcelatdealingwithmathematicproblems.答案及解析：8．B。推理判断题。男性在推理和空间思维方面占优势，女性在提取大脑中储存的记忆信息方面占优势。故答案为B。9.Oneimportantfactorthataffectsthecorrectnessoftheresultsisthat______.A.theoldmentestedmaynothaveshownsuchcognitivedeclineB.peoplesurveyedarealloldC.peopletakingpartinthistestcomefromallovertheworldD.womenlivelongerthanmen答案及解析：9．A。细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知。文章只是说调查涉及老年人，但并不都是老年人，故排除B。选项D不是造成调查结果不准确的原因。10.Theauthoraimstotellusthat______.A.women'smindsperformbetterthanmen'sB.men'smindsdeclinemorewithageC.everyonebecomesalittlemoreforgetfulastheygetolderD.asurveyonhuman'sminddeclinewasdonerecently答案及解析：22\n10．B。主旨理解题。根据文章第一段可知。22