高考英语 易错点点睛与高考突破 专题07 非谓语动词

2013年高考英语易错点点睛与高考突破专题07非谓语动词【2013高考预测】1.非谓语动词的类别和句法功能2.非谓语动词的时态和语态3.非谓语动词的固定搭配非谓语动词逻辑主语的表达形式和否定形式4.非谓语动词是历年高考考查的重点和热点。然而从对近几年的高考题分析来看，命题者更趋向于对非谓语动词和谓语动词的选择的考查。一来可以考查到学生掌握非谓语动词的用法,同时也可以考查到句式结构，也就是运用语言的能力了。今后的试题中应该还是热点。请看典型例题典型例题题的考查情况。【难点突破】非谓语动词是历年高考考查的重点和热点。然而从对近几年的高考题分析来看，命题者更趋向于对非谓语动词和谓语动词的选择的考查。一来可以考查到学生掌握非谓语动词的用法，同时也可以考查到句式结构，也就是运用语言的能力了。今后的试题中应该还是热点。请看典型例题典型例题题的考查情况。3“oucan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted,away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran【解析】结构为“祈使句+and+陈述句”。【答案】A29\n6.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriagethegiftandtookheraway,__intothewoods.A.seizing...disappearedB.seized...disappearedC.seizing...disappearingD.seized...disappearing2—Wedohopewecanbeofsomehelp,doctor.—That’sgreat!___bloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.A.GiveB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given答案:A解析:“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构。3Howmanyofus___,say,ameetingthatisnotimportanttouswouldbe29\ninterestedinthediscussion.A.attendedB.attendingC.toattendedD.haveattended2.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.Theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having3.Theflowerssweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt【错误解答】A【易错点点睛】从四个选项的设置来看，本题考查不定式和分词作定语的区别。分析题干可知，smell这里应当是连系动词，后接形容词作表语，所以不能用被动形式，可以排除C和D。主语出theflowers与非谓语动词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，而且强调的是目前的状态，现在分词符合。29\n5.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents.A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry【特别提醒】非谓语动词句法功能的注意事项:◆不定式1.介词后的动词不定式只限于作介词except和but的宾语，此时except／but意为“除了，除去”。其主要搭配有:canbut+动词原形;只能、只得……cannothelp(choose)but+动词原形:……不能不……donothingbut+动词原形:只做……29\nThereisnothingtodobut+动词原形:……只有做……havenochoicebuttodo:只有做……例如:3.不定式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。如果作定语的不定式使不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是其动作的地点、工具等，不定式后须有相应的介词。但名词way，place，way除外。例如:Heisnotamantotelllies.(主谓关系)Therewillnotbeenoughspacetostandinontheearth.(动宾关系)Hereissomepaperforyoutowriteon.Theboyhasanicepentowritewith.Wefoundawaytosolvethisproblem(in).通常使用不定式作定语的情况有:(1)不定式表示将来；(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定词的中心词。(3)用来修饰一些抽象名词，常见的有:ability，disability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，time等。例如:DuringmyholidqyIborrowedsomebookstoread.(表将来)ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.(有序数词修饰)Ihavenochancetoescape.(修饰抽象名词)29\nDoyouhavetheabilitytoreadFrench?(修饰抽象名词)ThebridgetobebuiltisnamedStoneinhonorofthehero.(将要修建的)ThebridgebeingbuiltisnamedStoneinhonorofthehero.(正大修建的)ThebridgebuiltisnamedStoneinhonorofthehero.(己经修建了的)HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?Heisateacherlovedantirespectedbyallstudents.(没有时间性)Listen!Thesongbeingsungisverypopularwiththeyoungmen.(表正在)ThequestiontobediscussedattheSundaymeetingisveryimportant.(表将来)在英语中，表示“感觉状态”的动词现在分词和过去分词形式作表语和定语时，现在分词表示“令人感到……”，指主语或被修饰的词给人的感觉；过去分词表示”感到……”，指主语或被修饰的词本身的感觉。例如:interesting令人感兴趣的interested感到有兴趣的exciting令人感到激动的excited感到激动的shocking令人感到震惊的shocked感到震惊的29\n2.动词leave后接三种形式作宾补时，表达的具体含义是“使……处于某种状态”。例如:Itiswrongforyoutoleavethemachinerunning.(主动，正在进行)Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched.(被动，完成)Myworkmateleft,leavingmetodoalltherestwork.(主动，将来)Myworkmateleft,leavingalltherestworktobedone.(被动，将来)◆过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别:1.一般来说，过去分词表示被动完成的动作，现在分词表示主动进行的动作。例如:Seenfromadistance,themountainlookedlikeaman.Seeingthemountain,healwaysthinksofhishometown.2.现在分词的被动一般式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示被动完成的动作。例如:Beinghelpedbytheteacher,shewilllearnEnglishwell.Helpedbytheteacher,shehaslearnedEnglishwell.3.现在分词的被动完成式表示先于谓语动词动作发生的动作，过去分词所表示的动作，有时发生在谓语动词之前，有时与谓语动词同时发生，有时表示未来的被动动作或状态。例如:Havingbeenusedforalongtime,thewatchneedstobemended.29\nUsedinthisway，thewordshouldn’tbetakenasaverb.Givenmoretime,wewillfinishtheworkperfectly.从例句可以看出，独立主格结构中分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语是两个不同的人或物，因此，分词前的名词或代词不能省略。独立主格结构也可以由“with／without+名词或代词+分词、不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语”构成。例如:Theboystaredattheteacher,withhismouthopon.Withhisparentsaway,theboybecamenaughtier.Theteachercameintotheclassroom,withabookinherhand(=bookinhand).Shesatstill,withhereyesclosed.(被动,状态)Shesatstill,withhereyeslookingattheceiling.(主动,正在)Withyoutohelpme,Icoulddoitbetter.(主动，将来)Withalotofproblemssettled,themayorwenttohaveaholiday.(被动，完成)Withalotofproblemstobesettled,themayorhasahardtime.(被动,将来)◆垂悬分词作状语垂悬分词是现在分词一种特殊用法，其逻辑主语是句子非主语部分中指人或物的某一名词或代词，或泛指“我们”。例如:Searchingalongthestreet,ithadtakenhimalongtimetofindaclinic.29\n(searching的逻辑主语是句中him所指的人)Walkingorsleeping,thissubjectisalwaysinmymind.(walkingorsleeping的逻辑主语是句中my所指的“我”)Usingtheelectricenergy,itisnecessarytochangeitsform.(using的逻辑主语泛指“我们”)【变式探究】4—I’llthankyou__myaffairsalone.—Iwill.Itisnoneofmybusiness.A.tohaveleftB.forleavingC.toleaveD.forhavingleft答案:C解析:这里不是thankyoufor(doing)sth.结构，是谢谢的前提。易错点点睛2非谓语动词的时态和语态1.—IsBobstillperforming?—I’mafraidnot.Heissaid__thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft29\n3.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest__inayear.A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed4.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only__thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told29\n6.Youweresillynot__yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked1.动词不定式的时态和语态29\n当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般使用不定式的被动语态，形式有一般式和完成式(进行式没有被动式)。例如：Herfatherdisappeared，nevertobeheardfromagain．(hearfrom和hisfather之间是被动关系)Thebookissidtohavebeentramlatedintomanylanguages．(translate和thebook之间是被动关系)(4)在therebe结构中，如果考虑必须有人去完成某事时，用主动；如果强调事情本身必须完成时，用被动。例如:Thereisalotoftobedone.(工作被作)Thereisalotoftodo.(需要人去做)2.动名词的时态和语态动名词一般式所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用动名词的完成式。如果动名词的逻辑这样是动名词动作的承受者，这时用动名词的被动式。例如:Weareinterestedinplayingchess.(同时)Sheislookingforwardtohearingfromyouagain.(之后)I’msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.(之前)Thelittleboywasafraidofbeingleftathomealone.(被动)Thehouseshowednosignofhavingbeendamaged.(之前，被动)29\n【变式探究】3—IregretyouJohnhasbeenfired.—Icanhardlybelievedmyears.HeissuchafineworkerA.tellingB.havingtoldC.totellD.tohavetold答案:C解析:在谓语动作之后发生。4—Manager,doyouhavesomething__atthismoment?—No,thanks.I’llcallyouifany.A.tobetypedB.totypeC.typingD.typed答案:A解析:强调事情本身必须完成。易错点点睛3非谓语动词的固定搭配1—WhatshouldIdowiththispassage?—___tothemainideaofeachparagraph.A.FindingoutB.FoundoutC.FindoutD.Tofindout29\n3.Myadvisorencouraged__asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake【正确解答】D29\n【特别提醒】英语中非谓语动词的固定搭配是因词而定，没有固定的规律。考生只有牢记它们的形式，才能成功破题。1.下列动词或动词短语后面只接动名词作宾语:admit,allow,appreciate,avoid,consider(考虑),delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss(错过),practice,risk,resist,suggest,suffer等动词;beusedto(习惯于),insiston,can’thelp(情不自禁),can’tstand(无法忍受),giveup,feellike,keepon,lookforwardto,putoff,devoteto,stickto,objectto,thankyoufor,bebusy(in),getdownto,leadto,seeto,havedifficult/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)等动词组。2.下列动词或动词短语后面能接动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：forget／remember／regrettodo忘记／记住／后悔去做某事forget／remember／regretdoing忘记／记得／后悔已经做过某事stoptodo停下来接着做另一件事stopdoing停止做一件事meantodo意欲、企图做某事meandoing意味着做某事goontodo做完某事接着做另一件事goondoing继续做同一件事trytodo努力、试图做某事trydoing尝试着做某事3.有些短语作状语是固定结构:judgingfrom,generally/frankly/honestly/strictlyspeaking,considering(that)...(考虑到……),supposing/providing(that)...(假如……),seeing(that)...(既然,由于……),totellyouthetruth,tomakethingsworse,tobegin29\nwith(首先，第一)。例如:Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbeasoutherner.Tuningtotheleft,hesawabuspassing.Consideringeverything,hedidagoodjob.Seeing(that)sheislawfullyoldenoughtogetmarried,Idon’tseehowyoucanstopher.【变式探究】3Whenhegotoffthebus,hefoundhispocketA.stolenB.pickedC.goneD.missing答案:B解析:pickone’spocket意为“扒某人口袋”，这里是havesth.done句型。4Ireallyappreciate__torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.A.tohavehadtimeB.havingtimeC.tohavetimeD.tohavingtime答案:B解析:appreciate接ing形式作宾语。易错点点睛4非谓语动词逻辑主语的表达形式和否定形式1.Ireallycan’tunderstand__herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreat29\nC.whytreatD.youtreating3.Victorapologizedfor__toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.A.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotableItisimportantforustoworkhard.(toworkisimportant.只能用for)Itiskindofyoutohelpmetocleantheroom.(youarekind.只能用of)Wewanttogowithyoutohaveapicnic.LittleTomlikedtobetakentothecinema.Iwantthereporttobetypedasquicklyaspossible.Themanageraskedmetotypethereportasquicklyaspossible.Tom’scomingsurprisedallofus.(主语)Hisnotattendingthemeetingmadethemanagerveryangry.(主语)29\nWouldyoumindme/myopeningthewindow?(宾语)TheyalithoughtTom’s/Tomgoingthereagreatmistake.(宾语)Isthereanyhopeoftheirteamwinningthegame?(无生命)动名词的复合结构在句中作主语时，其逻辑主语必须是形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格；作宾语、表语时，其逻辑主语是形容词性物主代词、人称代词、名词的所有格或普通格；无生命名词或有生命的名词表示泛指时，必须用名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格。例如：Tom’scomingsurprisedallofus(主语)Hisnotattendingthemeetingmadethemanagerveryangry.(主语)Wouldyoumindme/myopeningthewindow?(宾语)TheyallthoughtTom’s/Tomgoingthereagreatmistake.(宾语)Isthereanyhopeoftheirteamwinningthegame?(无生命)Ihaveneverheardofwomenlandingthemoon.(有生命，但表泛指)分词作状语时，其逻辑主语和主句的主语是一致的，如果不同则要用到独立主格结构形式(见上文)。例如:Beingastudent,youmuststudyhard.Whencrossingthestreetsyoumustbecareful.Ifheatedtohightemperature,icecanchangeintowater.【变式探究】29\n3__areplay,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived【2013高考突破】1.Withthecoupleinanearbytown,thehouseseemsprettyemptymostofthetime.A．workB．toworkC．workingD．worked【答案】C【解析】考查with复合结构。work和其逻辑主语thecouple是主谓关系，表示现在的状况，所以用现在分词表主动。句意为：这对夫妻在附近镇上上班，（他们的）房子大部分时间都是空荡荡的。2.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork________,hegladlyacceptedit.A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.was29\nfinished4.Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…butweseemtheartofcommunicatingfacetoface.A．losingB．tobelosingC．tobelostD．havinglost6.Doyouknowhowmuchtimeandefforttheydevoted______suchacompletedproject?A.tocompleteB.completedC.completingD.tocompleting29\n7.________yourselfwithpositivepeopleandyouwillkeepfocusedonwhatyoucandoinsteadofwhatyoucan’t.A.Surrounding      B.Surrounded               C.Surround     D.Havingsurrounded9.nottodriveafterdrinking,somedriversarestilltryingtheirluck,whichisreallydangerous．A．BeingremindedB．ToremindC．HavingremindedD．Reminded【答案】D考查过去分词作状语的用法。【解析】remind和其逻辑主语somedrivers是动宾关系，也就是说，司机就是被提醒的。尽管被提醒不要酒后开车，一些司机仍然心存侥幸，十分危险。10．Ifyouarethelaststudent______theroom,remembertoturnoffthelights.A.leavingB.toleaveC.leftD.leaves29\n12.Generallyspeaking,pricesofdailygoods______throughtheInternetarelowerthanstoreprices．A．tobuyB．areboughtC．buyingD．bought14.Itwouldbeagoodideatouseaplasticbottle,_____cutoff,asacontainertogrowyoungplantsin．A．whichB．whosetopC．thetopofthatD．withitstop【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。语意：确定所有门都锁好之后，Mr．Smith就去伦敦度假了。check这个动作发生在left之前，故用现在分词的完成式在句中作状语29\n15.I'dlike___thegameswithyoubutIhadextraworktodo．A．toenjoyB．tobeenjoyedC．tohaveenjoyedD．tohavebeenenjoyed17.Whatdoestheteachersuggest_________whenwemakeamistake？A.doB.todoC.doingD.did19.Children______todifficultsituationsarebetterathandlingthose_____tasks．A．exposing；challengingB．exposed；challengedC．exposed：challengingD．exposing；challenged【答案】C【解析】考查分词作定语的用法。expose…to意思是：让……接触……29\n。宾语children提前，所以用过去分词作定语，表被动；第二空后的tasks是表示物的名词，所以用challenging，意思是：富有挑战的。22.Mostcompanies’marketingeffortisfocusedongettingcustomers,withlittleattention______tokeepingthem.A.payingB.topayC.paidD.havingpaid23.noticedmylittleson_______thewords_______onhissmallblackboard．A．read;writingB．reading;writingC．toread;writtenD．read;written【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：我注意到我的小儿子读写在小黑板上的单词。noticesb.dosth.“看见某人做某事”；words和write是被动的关系，故用过去分词作定语，修饰words。故选D项。24.Nothavingdoneenoughpractice,hecouldhardlymakehimselfunderstood29\nwithhis___English．A．breakB．breakingC．brokeD．broken26.________aboutthestudent，theteachercalledhisparentstofindoutwhyhewassooftenabsentfromclass．A．ConcerningB．ConcernC．ConcernedD．Toconcern28.Though______ofdanger,sightseershavebeenflockingtothesitewheretheworld’sbiggestterroristBinLadenlived.A.warnedB.warningC.beingwarnedD.havingwarned29\n30.Theoldladygotupjustbeforesunrise,assheoftendoes,_____alongthebeachandgetsomefreshair.A.walkedB.towalkC.walkingD.havingwalked32.Itissowettherethatthetreesareextremelytall,some________over90metres.A.measureB.measuresC.measuringD.measured【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。该词在这里用作系动词，意思是：有……长(或阔、高等)。所以用主动表被动，相当于someofwhichmeasure…。29\n【答案】C33.Raymondenteredcollegeattheageofeighteen,fouryearslaterattheheadofhisclass.A．graduatingB．graduatedC．tograduateD．havinggraduated35.Seventy-twohourspassed．Morethanonehundredworkersremained______inthecoalmine,thoughfiftyhadbeensaved．A．trappingB．trappedC．tobetrappedD．beingtrapped37.—Iregret_____youJohnhasbeenfired.—Icanhardlybelievemyears.He’ssuchafineworker.A.tellingB.havingtoldC.totellD.tohavetold29\n39.______severaltimes,buthestilldoesn’tknowhowtodoitproperly.A.BeingshownB.HavingshownC.HavingbeenshownD.I’veshownhim41.Once_______,Jodevotedherlifetolookingafterchildrenandbeingafull-timehomemaker.A.havingmarriedB.beingmarriedC.marryingD.married【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处相当于oncehewasmarried。42.Withsomanyproblems______,Jacklookslikeacatonahottinroof.A.solvedB.tosolveC.solvingD.tobesolved【答案】B29\n44.bybeautifulgreenmountainsandsituatedatthefootofHuangshanMountainmakesTaiPingLakeafamoustouristattraction.A．SurroundedB．BeingsurroundedC．HavingbeensurroundedD．Surrounding29