【火线100天】2022中考英语 基础语法五 介词

（五）介词01命题趋势考标导向化介词是各省市历年中考试题中的必考内容之一。从命题内容来看，表示时间的介词、表示地点的介词及介词的固定用法，尤其是时间介词at,on,in用法的区别，between和among用法的区别，某些介词的特殊用法等是今后的考查热点。从命题形式来看，以单项选择、完形填空为主，分值一般在1～3分之间。预计2022年中考对介词的考查极有可能是时间介词和介词短语。02定义概念清晰化介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，它是一种虚词，不能单独使用，必须和名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词语连用构成介词短语，用来表明与它连用的词和句子中某个词或某些词之间的关系。介词分为简单介词和短语介词两种。简单介词即单个介词，如in,under,on,for,after等；短语介词指多个单词构成的介词，如infrontof,insteadof,farfrom等。介词短语与短语介词不同。介词短语指由“介词+名词/代词等”构成的短语，如atschool,bybus,onSunday等，在句中可以作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作连词(作连词时，其后接句子)，如after,before等；而有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作副词，如above,below等。03知识归类知识网络化❶常用介词分类分类图解分类例词表示时间in,at,on,between,since,for,during,until,till,by,from…to,behind,by,before,past表示方位in,at,on,around,before,infrontof,between,behind,beside,near,under,above,below,nextto,among,round表示往返的方向to,towards,round,around,through,across,from…to,into,outof,off,along其他by,to,like,unlike,of,except,about,against,with,but,as,without特例清单1.in通常用在世纪、年份、季节、月份、上午、下午、晚上等词前，但后面接时间段，意为“在……之后”，用于将来时态；而after意为“在……之后”，要用于一般过去时。如：WearegoingtoBeijingintwoweeks.两周后我们将要去北京。HewenttoAmericain2022,afteroneyear,hecameback.他在2022年去了美国，一年后，他就回来了。2.for和since在表示时间时，一般用于完成时，for与时间段连用，since与时间点连用。如：Wehaven’tseeneachotherforyears.我们已经有好多年没有见面了。Hisfatherhastaughtinthisschoolsince1985.他的父亲自从1985年起就在这所学校教书。3.表示位置时，in表示某一小地点在另一大地点之内；on表示两个地点相互接壤；to则表示两个地点互不接壤，并有一定的距离。如：TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina.台湾位于中国的东南部。ShandongisonthenorthofHenan.山东位于河南的北部。JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本位于中国东部。4.between表示“在两者之间”，而among表示“在三者或三者以上之中”。但当between用于三者或三者以上时，强调“两两之间”，侧重指人或物各自独立；而among强调彼此不分离。如：Wehavetoomanydesksinourclass.Thereishardlyanyroomtomovebetweenthem.我们教室里有太多的课桌，桌与桌之间几乎没有可以走动的空间了。Thisvillageisamongthehills.这个村子被群山环绕。5.表示方位时，on表示一个物体的位置在另一个物体之上，两者的表面相接触；above表示一个物体比另一个物体所处的位置高，通常两个物体表面不接触；over表示“在……的正上方”，强调在垂直的上方。如：Thereisamaponthewall.墙上有一张地图。Thelightsareaboveourheads.灯在我们头顶上。Somebirdsareflyingoverthesea.有一些鸟在海上飞。6.with,in,by三者都可以译为“用”，但用法不同：with表示用某种工具，所用的东西都是具体的物品；in表示用某种材料、语言、声调等；by表示用某种方法或手段，多指使用某种交通工具。试比较：Pleasewritewithapen.请用钢笔书写。5\nShewrotealetterinablackink.她用黑色的墨水笔写了一封信。CanyousayitinJapanese?你能用日语说吗？Igotoschoolbybike.我骑自行车去上学。7.besides和except都可译为“除……之外”，但含义不同：besides表示“除……以外，还有”，指在整体中加入一部分，含义是肯定的；except表示“从整体中除去一部分”，含义是否定的。如：Weallwentbesideshim.除他之外，我们大家也都去了。(他去了)Weallwentexcepthim.除他之外，我们都去了。(他没有去)8.insteadof意为“代替”，后面接名词、代词或动名词；而instead是副词，意为“代替，顶替”，在句子中作状语，后面不能接任何成分。如：Hewillgoinsteadofme.他将代替我去。Shewenttoschoolinsteadofstayingathome.她没有待在家里而是上学去了。Givemethisinstead.换这个给我吧。9.across和through均可译为“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同：across的含义与on有关，表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的；而through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行的。如：Thedogranacrossthegrass.这条狗跑过草地。Theywalkedthroughtheforest.他们步行穿过森林。10.在this，that，these,next,last等组成的时间状语前不用介词。如:WeareinGradeTwothisyear.今年我们上二年级。Tom’stroubleisverycommontoboysthesedays.汤姆的问题这些天在男孩们中间很常见。Whendidyougotobedlastnight?你昨晚几点上床睡觉的？Thenextdayshegotupearlyandwenttoschoolwithoutbreakfast.第二天她起得很早，并且没吃早饭就去了学校。11.当yesterday,tomorrow用作副词或构成短语时前面不用介词。如:Canyoubehereateighttomorrowmorning?你明早八点能在这里吗？Wereyouathomeyesterdayevening？你昨晚在家吗？【题组训练】时间介词()1.(2022·北京)Isometimeshelpmymomwithherhousework_____Saturdays.A.atB.inC.onD.to()2.(2022·宿迁)The2022SummerYouthOlympicGameswillbeheld_______AugustinNanjing.A.inB.onC.byD.at()3.(2022·来宾)—WhenisJay’sconcert?—It’s______threeo’clock______theafternoon.A.at;inB.at;onC.in;inD.on;in()4.(2022·南充)—Whenwereyouborn?—Iwasborn______acoldwintermorningin1994.A.inB.atC.onD.of()5.(2022·长沙)Mothers’Dayis_______thesecondSundayinMayintheUnitedStates.A.onB.inC.at方位介词()6.(2022·重庆)Mr.Green’sofficeis_______the26thfloor.Youcantaketheliftthere.A.atB.inC.onD.for()7.(2022·烟台)—WouldyoupleasetellmethewaytothePacificHotel?—Go_______thepostoffice，andyou’llfinditontheleft.A.passB.pastC.topassD.passed()8.(2022·益阳)UncleTomlives______afarm_____thecountry.A.in;atB.near;onC.on;in()9.(2022·天津)Cambridgeisasmallcity______theeastofEngland.A.betweenB.withC.inD.under()10.(2022·东营)OnMay10th，ahorsewasfoundrunninghappily_____thebusystreetinBeijing.A.atB.ofC.inD.from表示往返的介词()11.(2022·河南)Aconversation____awisepersonisworthtenyears’studyofbooks.A.forB.likeC.withD.to()12.(2022·铜仁)—Howcanweprotectourselves_____theearthquake?—Weshouldstaycalmfirst.A.withB.aboutC.forD.from()13.(2022·苏州)Thecastlestandsinaquietplace_____themainroadatthefarendoftheriver.A.toB.forC.offD.out()14.(2022·连云港)—Aperson’slifeislikearoad____lotsofdifficulties.5\n—Yes，soweneedpositiveenergy.A.byB.withC.alongD.during()15.(2022·无锡)Ihopethetrainwillarriveontime，butit’s_____mycontrol.A.withinB.withoutC.underD.beyond其他介词()16.(2022·杭州)Theyusuallygoshopping____theirlunchbreak.A.againstB.amongC.betweenD.during()17.(2022·潍坊)—WhatcanIdoforyou?—IhopeIhaveanicehouse______abiggarden.A.ofB.withC.formD.about()18.(2022·盐城)ManycitiesinChina，_____Beijing，havebeendeeplyaffectedbydirtyair.A.includingB.behindC.withoutD.beyond()19.(2022·莱芜)Wecansavemoney______cookingourownmealsinsteadofeatingoutside.A.byB.toC.forD.with()20.(2022·绵阳)—Howlonghaveyoustayedinthishotel?—Notlong，just________thisMonday.A.fromB.sinceC.forD.on❷常用介词短语归纳分类图解分类例子介词+名词athome在家里；atschool在学校；atnoon在中午；atnight在晚上；atwork在工作；atsea在大海上；atthesametime同时；attimes有时；atbreakfast早餐时；atmidnight在午夜；atthemoment在此刻；afterawhile过了一会bybus乘公共汽车;bytheway顺便说；bythetime到……时候；byturns轮流；bymistake错误地；bythedoor在门口inhospital住院；inthehospital在医院；intheend最后；inorder整整齐齐；inorderto以便；innotime很快就……；inthedaytime在白天；inturn轮流；intime及时;infront在前方；inEnglish用英语；inthefuture将来的某个时刻；infuture(整个)将来；infact事实上ontheway在路上;onSunday在星期天；onshow展出；ondisplay陈列；onfire着火；onduty值日；ontheotherhand另一方面；onfoot步行；onbusiness出差；onboard在船(飞机)上；onholiday在休假；onthetelephone在接(打)电话；ontime准时；ontheleft/right在左边/右边；onsale在出售；onwatch值班；ontheearth在地球上withpleasure很乐意；withone’shelp在某人的帮助下be+形容词+介词beamazedat对……感到惊讶；beangrywith生(某人的)气；beafraidof害怕；bebusywith忙于做……；begoodat擅长于；befullof充满beexcitedabout对……感到兴奋；bekindto对……和善；beinterestedin对……感兴趣befamousfor因……而著名；belatefor迟到；bepopularwith受……欢迎bepleasedwith对……感到满意；beproudof对……感到骄傲；bereadyfor为……准备好besatisfiedwith对……满意；beworriedabout为……担心动词+介词agreewith同意；askfor请求；beginwith以……开始；comefrom出生，来自；callat探访dieof死于；geton/off上车/下车；fill…with用……装；falloff从……落下hearfrom收到(某人)的信；hearof听说；lookat看；gotobed去睡觉；gotoschool去上学；lookfor寻找；lookafter照顾listento听……讲话；payfor付钱；pointto指向；pointat指着；sendfor派人去叫；runacross碰到；talkabout谈论；thinkabout考虑;waitfor等候；writeto写信给……；worryabout担心laughat嘲笑；fallbehind落在……后面;knockat敲介词+名词+介词atthefootof在……脚下；onthetopof在……顶端；inthemiddleof在……中间；inthefrontof在……前面；intheeastof在……东部bymeansof借助；atthebeginningof起初；bytheendof到……为止attheageof在……岁时；attheheadof在……前头5\n特例清单1.infrontof和inthefrontof只差一个定冠词the，但用法不同：前者意为“在……的前面”，前后所指的内容不存在包含关系；而后者意为“在……的前面”，前后所指的内容存在包含关系。如：LiLeisitsinfrontofme,butWangFangsitsbehindme.李雷坐在我前面，而王芳坐在我的后面。Thedeskisinthefrontoftheclassroom.书桌在教室的前面。2.inthetree和onthetree都可以译为“在树上”，但用法不同：前者inthetree一般指本身不是树上的事物，而后者onthetree一般指树上本身长的东西。如：Icanseesomebirdsinthetree.我能看到树上有一些小鸟。Therearesomepearsonthetree.树上结了一些梨。3.inthewall表示嵌在墙里，而onthewall表示在墙的表面。如：Thereisaholeinthewall.墙上有个洞。Thereisamaponthewall.墙上有一幅地图。4.“在太阳下”用inthesun，“在某人的帮助下”用withone’shelp或withthehelpofsb.如：Don’treadinthesun.别在太阳下看书。Withtheteacher’shelp，Igotsomeprogress.在老师的帮助下，我取得了一些进步。【题组训练】()21.(2022·徐州)Healthyeating_____regularexerciseisthebestwaytokeepfit.A.lessthanB.insteadofC.suchasD.togetherwith()22.(2022·山西)—TheshipsinkingofKoreateachesustocareforourselvesandthepeoplearoundus.—Soitis._____lifeisthemostimportanttoeveryone.A.ForexampleB.AtlastC.Afterall()23.(2022·鄂州)—Everyonemust____thesecuritycheck(安检)beforegettingontheplaneattheairport.—Yes.It’snecessarytoensurethepassengers’safety.A.getthroughB.getacrossC.gothroughD.goacross()24.(2022·遂宁)_____freeeducation，moreandmorepoorchildrencangobacktoschoolinthemountain.A.WithoutB.ThankstoC.Insteadof()25.(2022·金华)—Danielisaboyoffewwords.—But______，heiswarmhearted.A.inahurryB.infactC.intheendD.aboveall04整合集训反馈层级化()1.Howdoesyourfathergotowork,____footor____car?A.on;withB.with;onC.by;onD.on;by()2.—Whyareyoustandingthere,Maggie?—Ican’tseetheblackboardclearly.Twotallboysaresitting_______me.A.behindB.infrontofC.besideD.nextto()3.—Isthetiemade______silk?—Yes.It’smade_____Italy.A.from;inB.of;inC.from;ofD.of;from()4.Taiwanisabeautifulislandandit’s____theeastofFujianProvince.A.inB.onC.toD.at()5.MrSmithlives____thatbuilding.Hisflatis____thefifthfloor.A.in;onB.of;toC.at;inD.to;at()6.—Whattimeshallwemeet____Sunday?—Let’smeet____10:00o’clock.A.in;atB.in;onC.on;inD.on;at()7.—Alltheclerkswenthome____MrWang.Why?—Becausehehadtofinishhiswork.A.exceptB.besidesC.withoutD.beside()8.Thesunshinegoes_____thewindowandmakestheroombrightandwarm.A.acrossB.throughC.overD.in()9.Mysonis____anicenewcoat.Ipaidtenpounds_____it.A.in;byB.in;forC.on;byD.on;for()10.—We’llhaveahikingtrip,butwhenshallwemeet?—Let’smakeit_____halfpasteight_____themorningofJune23.A.at;inB./;onC./;inD.about;by()11.Let’sgo____theroad.Theshopis____5\ntheotherside.A.across;onB.cross;onC.through;inD.between;on()12.Hehasgotachairtosit____,butnobodytotalk___.A.on;toB./;withC.on;/D./;to()13.Ifyougetonwell____yourclassmates,you’llenjoyyourschoollifemore.A.toB.atC.withD.in()14.Ifyouwerealittlemorecareful,youcouldfindthekey____thedoor____thecorneroftheroom.A.of;ofB.to;inC.at;inD.to;of()15.Thefood_____mycountryisquitedifferent____thathere.A.in;likeB.to;fromC.from;toD.in;from()16.___theageof13,FuMingxiawasveryfamousinChina_____theyoungestOlympicchampion.A.At;forB.At;asC.On;forD.In;as()17.Theyhaven’tfinishedtheirwork.Maybetheyhavesometrouble______it.A.onB.atC.inD.with()18.______thehelpofhisteacher,hebecamegoodatEnglish.A.UnderB.OnC.ForD.With()19.It’sverynice____youtogivemethechance.A.ofB.forC.toD.at()20.Theplanewilltakeoff____anhour.Imustgototheairportrightnow.A.inB.forC.onD.at()21.—Whenwillthedoctorarrive?—_____twohours.A.ForB.AtC.AfterD.In()22.Shehadtosellthehouseeventhoughitwas____herownwishes.A.aboveB.onC.againstD.for()23.Thelittleelephantisafraidtogoalone.Healwayswalks______hismother.A.belowB.besidesC.besideD.under()24.____thehelpofTom,Imadegreatprogressinphysics.A.UnderB.OnC.WithD.By()25.—Whatdidyouget____yourmother____Mother’sDay?—Abeautifulcardandascarf.A.for;inB.for;onC.to;forD.to;at5参考答案：(五)介词题组训练1—5CAACA6—10CBCCC11—15CDCBD16—20DBAAB21—25DCCBB整合集训1—5DBBCA6—10DABBB11—15AACBD16—20BDDAA21—25DCCCB5