【火线100天】2022中考英语 基础语法九 动词的时态和语态

（九）动词的时态和语态01命题趋势考标导向化近几年对动词的时态考查主要集中在对一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时六种主要的时态上；对动词被动语态的考查主要以一般现在时、一般过去时的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态为主。02定义概念清晰化动词的时态指的是谓语动词用来表示动作或情况发生时的各种动词形式。英语中一共有16种时态，但在初中阶段常考的时态有以下9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时、过去将来时。考查重点集中在一般现在时在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的用法、终止性动词在现在完成时中不能与for，since短语或从句连用、havebeento与havegoneto的用法以及在具体语境中动词的用法等。动词的语态是表示句子主语与谓语动词之间关系的一种动词形式。英语中的动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示的主语是动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是中考中的必考内容之一，其中考查的重点是一般现在时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态。03知识归类知识网络化❶动词的时态分类图解分类谓语形式用法一般现在时1.动词原形2.主语是单数第三人称，谓语加-s,-es1.表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或状态。2.描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等。3.在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。一般过去时动词的过去式1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。2.表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。3.用于虚拟语气中，表示与现在事实相反的情况。一般将来时1.will/shall+动词原形2.begoingto+动词原形1.begoingto和will表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。主语一般是人。2.begoingto表示根据主观判断将来肯定要发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。主语可以是人也可以是物。3.在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时来代替将来时。4.一些表示位移的动词，如go,come,leave,arrive,fly,start,move等，常用现在进行时表将来。现在进行时am/is/are+动词的现在分词1.表示说话时或目前正在进行的动作。2.与always,usually等词连用，表示赞扬、厌恶或不满的情绪。过去进行时was/were+动词的现在分词表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。现在完成时have/has+动词的过去分词1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。2.表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常与“for+时间段”或“since＋表示过去的时间点或时间段”连用。注意：1.现在完成时和一般过去时都可表示过去发生的动作，但现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果或表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，强调的是现在的情况；而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去，不和现在发生关系。2.终止性动词在现在完成时中不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但在否定句中可以和一段时间连用。过去完成时had+动词的过去分词1.表示在过去某一时间或某一动作以前发生或完成的动作，它所表示的动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。2.表示从过去某一时间开始并持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。过去将来时1.would+动词原形2.was/weregoing表示在过去看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。7\nto+动词原形，常用于宾语从句中特例清单1.在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，如果主句谓语动词是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。如：We’llhaveapicnicifitisfinenextSunday.如果下个星期日天气晴朗，我们将去野餐。I’llcallyouassoonasIgettoBeijingtomorrow.我明天一到北京就给你打电话。2.某些表示起始、往返、出发、到达之意的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作(此时一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语)。这类动词有：begin,come,go,leave,start,arrive,end,stop,open,close等。如：Themeetingbeginsat2:00p.m.tomorrow.这个会议明天下午2点开始。Thenexttrainleavesat7o’clockthisevening.下一列火车将在今晚7点离开。3.现在进行时与always,continually,forever等副词连用，表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，这种用法往往表达说话人的某种感情，如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等。如：Therichwomanisalwayslaughingatthepoor.这个有钱的夫人总是嘲笑穷人。4.现在完成时中表示短暂动作的动词不能与for,since等引导的时间状语连用。如与一段时间连用，要把瞬间动词转化为意思相近的延续性动词。常见的变化有：非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbeopencloseBeclosedbegin/startbeoncomebeheregobetherefinishbeoverdiebedeadcatchacoldhaveacoldputonweargetupbeupwakeupawakefallasleepbeasleeplosenothavejoinbeinleavebeawayarrive/reachbe如：误:I’veleftthisschoolfortenyears.正:I’vebeenawayfromthisschoolfortenyears.【题组训练】一般现在时与一般过去时()1.(2022·徐州)Whatasurprisetoseeyouhere!When____you_____back?A.do;getB.did;getC.have;gotD.will;get()2.(2022·十堰)—Haveyoufinishedusingmydictionary?—Yes，Iputitbackonyourdeskjustnow.Who_____itaway?A.willtakeB.istakingC.tookD.hastaken()3.(2022·北京)—Whatdoyouoftendoatweekends?—Ioften________mygrandparents.A.visitB.visitedC.havevisitedD.willvisit()4.(2022·河南)—Areyougoinganywhere?—I_______aboutvisitingmysister，butIhavechangedmymind.A.thinkB.havethoughtC.willthinkD.thought()5.(2022·云南)Ifthere_______nobuyingandsellingofanimals，therewillbenokillinginnature.A.isB.willbeC.hasD.willhave现在进行时与过去进行时()6.(2022·十堰)—Thebookstore_____abigsale.Thebookstheremustbeverycheapnow.—Soundsgreat.Let’sgointoitandhavealook.A.willhaveB.hadC.ishavingD.washaving()7.(2022·北京)—Whatwereyoudoingwhenwewereplayingbasketballyesterdayafternoon?—I_______theclassroom.A.wascleaningB.havecleanedC.willcleanD.clean()8.(2022·河北)Someone_____atthedoor.Canyouopenit?A.knocksB.knocked7\nC.isknockingD.wasknocking()9.(2022·孝感)—Iwasatthecinemaat8o’clocklastnight.Whataboutyou?—I________theInternetathome.A.amsurfingB.surfedC.willsurfD.wassurfing()10.(2022·来宾)—Wouldyoumindturningdownyourmusicplayer?Everybody________now!——I’msorry.I’lldoitrightnow.A.sleepB.sleptC.issleepingD.aresleeping一般将来时与过去将来时()11.(2022·河北)I’mbusynow.I______toyouafterschoolthisafternoon.A.talkB.talkedC.willtalkD.havetalked()12.(2022·天津)Robots______moreheavyworkforusinthefuture.A.willdoB.didC.havedoneD.weredoing()13.(2022·铜仁)There________asportsmeetinourschoolnextweek.A.isB.willhaveC.areD.willbe()14.(2022·河南)—Doesthisbusgotothebeach?—No.You________thewrongway.YouwanttheNumber11.A.goB.weregoingC.aregoingD.wouldgo()15.(2022·丽水)Hurryup!Theskyiscoveredwithblackclouds.I’mafraidit_______.A.rainsB.isgoingtorainC.rainedD.wasraining现在完成时与过去完成时()16.(2022·宁波)—Areyousurprisedattheendingofthemovie?—No，becauseI________thestory.A.readB.willreadC.havereadD.wasreading()17.(2022·滨州)—Jimisn’tintheclassroom.Whereishenow?—He_________thelibrary.A.willgotoB.hasbeentoC.hasgonetoD.goesto()18.(2022·泰安)—Canyoufindourcity_____alotinrecentyears?—Yes.Theroadiswiderandthebuildingsaretaller.A.haschangedB.changesC.changedD.willchange()19.(2022·南京)—Lily，whyareyoustillhere?Schoolisoverforhalfanhour.—BecauseI________mytaskyet.Istillneedonemorehour.A.Won’tfinishB.didn’tfinishC.haven’tfinishedD.hadn’tfinished()20.(2022·随州)—Iwonderwhenyou______thenewwatch.—Well，I_________itfortwoweeks.A.havebought;havehadB.bought;haveboughtC.bought;havehadD.havebought;havebought❷被动语态的构成分类图解时态被动语态例句一般现在时am/is/are+动词的过去分词Theflowersareoftenwateredbyher.一般过去时was/were+动词的过去分词Afarmwasvisitedyesterdaybyus一般将来时will/shall+be+动词的过去分词Sometreeswillbeplantedthisweekbyher.现在进行时am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词Anovelisbeingreadbyhim.现在完成时have/hasbeen+动词的过去分词Hisroomshavebeencleanedbyhim.过去进行时was/werebeing+动词的过去分词Hisroomswerebeingcleanedbyhimthen.过去完成时hadbeen+动词的过去分词Hisroomshadbeencleanedbyhimthen.过去将来时would/shouldbe+动词的过去分词Hisroomswouldbecleanedbyhimthenextday.含情态动词情态动词+be+动词的过去分词Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedintime.7\n特例清单1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。如：Thiskindofpenwritesverysmoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。Thekindofshirtssellswellhere.这种样式的衬衫在这里卖得很好。2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如：Schooluniformslookgoodonus.我们穿着校服很好看。Thecakesmellsdelicious.蛋糕闻起来很香。【题组训练】()21.(2022·北京)Anewhospital_____inmytownnextyear.A.buildsB.builtC.isbuiltD.willbebuilt()22.(2022·河南)WhenTim________whyhewaslateforschool，hejustkeptsilent.A.wasaskedB.askedC.wasaskingD.isasked()23.(2022·梅州)Ican’tunderstandwhatthebookisaboutbecauseit________inEnglish.A.writesB.willwriteC.willbewrittenD.iswritten()24.(2022·镇江)—Don’tforgettocometoourschoolassembly(集会)tomorrowmorning.—Iwon’t.I_______justnow.A.remindedB.wasremindedC.reportedD.wasreported()25.(2022·益阳)—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Notyet.Therooms________.A.arepaintingB.havebeenpaintedC.arebeingpainted❸几种特殊的被动语态的用法分类图解种类构成例句主动语态中省去to的动词变为被动语态时，省去的to要加上。Theworkersweremadetowork12hoursaday.含双宾语的动词把指人的宾语变为主语时，指物的宾语仍保留在谓语之后；指物的宾语变为主语时，指人的宾语前要加相应的介词。Iwasgivenapresent.Apresentwasgiventome.含短语的动词短语是“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”时，变被动语态时，介词、副词不能丢。Theyoungmanwassentawayfromschool.【题组训练】()26.(2022·内江)Thestudentsinthisschoolaremade____schooluniformsonMonday.A.towearB.wearingC.wearD.worn()27.(2022·随州)—Marywasheard_______justnow.Whathappened?—Joewastellinghersomejokes.A.cryB.laughC.tolaughD.tocry()28.(2022·呼和浩特)Ifyouseethecartoonfilm，youwill______laugh.A.bemadeB.bemadetoC.maketoD.make()29.(2022·连云港)—Clark，yourroomisreallyinamess.Itneeds______.—Sorry，mum.I’lldoitatonce.A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.tobecleaned()30.(2022·阜康)Theoldover90_______notonlybytheirfamilybutalsobythegovernmentinmanyplaces.A.islookedatB.aretakengoodcareofC.aretakengoodcareD.islookingafter04整合集训反馈层级化动词的时态()1.—Doyouliketheskirt?—Yes.It________soft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt()2.—Whatdoesyoursisterlikedoinginherfreetime?—She________watchingTV.A.likesB.likedC.haslikedD.hadliked()3.Doyouknowif_____backnextweek?Ifhe______back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes;willcomeB.willhecome;comes7\nC.hewillcome;comesD.willhecome;willcome()4.—MayIseeMr.Lin,please?—Well,I’mafraidhe’snotinatthemoment.Ithinkhe_____backsoon.A.cameB.hascomeC.willbeD.was()5.Lookatthosebigblackclouds.It______rain.Let’shurry.A.mustB.willC.wouldD.isgoingto()6.Don’ttalkloudlyhere.Mylittlebaby________.A.hasgoneoutB.issleepingC.sleepsD.wenttoschool()7.—HaveyoureadabookcalledJaneEyre?—Who_____it?A.writesB.haswrittenC.waswritingD.wrote()8.—Youre-mailaddressagain?I_____quitecatchit.—Hul23@yahoo.com.cn.A.don’tB.can’tC.didn’tD.won’t()9.—Oh,MrsKing,yournecklacelooksnice.Isitnew?—No,I_______itfortwoyears.A.hadB.havehadC.boughtD.havebought()10.—_______totheUnitedStates?—No,never.ButIwenttoCanadaafewyearsago.A.HaveyoubeenB.HaveyougoneC.DidyougoD.Willyougo()11.—AreLiYanandWangMeistilllivinginNingbo?—No,they_______toShanghai.A.hadmovedB.movedC.willmoveD.havemoved()12.—Doyouknowthemanoverthere?—Yes.I______himseveraltimessincelastmonth.A.seeB.sawC.haveseenD.hadseen()13.—Whatdoyouthinkofmyanswertothequestion?—Sorry.What’sthat?I______aboutsomethingelse.A.thoughtB.amthinkingC.hadthoughtD.wasthinking()14.—Amy,Icalledyouyesterdayevening,butnobodyansweredthephone.—Oh,I_______awalkwithmymotheratthattime.A.takeB.tookC.amtakingD.wastaking()15.—DidyouseeHenryattheparty?—No,he_______bythetimeIgotthere.A.leftB.wasleavingC.hadleftD.hasleft()16.—Whatistheweatherliketoday?—Itiscloudy.AndIthinkit_______.A.wasrainingB.isgoingtorainC.israiningD.rained()17.—MysisterwillgotoHainantomorrow.I’llseeheroffattheairport.—Oh,when______herplane________?A.did;takeoffB.does;takeoffC.has;takenoffD.was;takingoff()18.It______oversixtyyearssincethePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.A.wasB.hadbeenC.isD.willbe()19.Don’tmakeanynoise.We_____toapieceofwonderfulmusicatthemoment.A.willlistenB.arelisteningC.listenD.havelistening()20.—Isawhersmokingintherestaurantyesterdayafternoon.—Butsheseldom_______.A.smokesB.hadsmokedC.smokedD.issmoking()21.IusedtolovethisfilmwhenIwasyoung,butI______itthatwayanymore.A.don’tfeelB.didn’tfeelC.haven’tfeltD.hadn’tfelt()22.—WasKatehappytoseeheroldfriendsyesterday?—Yes,shewas.She____themforalongtime.A.didn’tseeB.wouldn’tseeC.hasn’tseenD.hadn’tseen()23.—Hasyourmotherfinishedherreport?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.She______itthismorning.A.iswritingB.wroteC.writesD.haswritten7\n()24.—Whyareyouinsuchahurry,Mike?—There_________anNBAgameintenminutes.A.willhaveB.willbeC.isgoingtohaveD.aregoingtobe()25.—Jennywantstoknowifyou____ahikingtriptomorrow.—Ofcoursewewill.Butifit_____,we’llvisittheSpaceMuseuminstead.A.willgoon;willrainB.goon;rainsC.willgoon;rainsD.goon;willrain()26.—What’sthatterriblenoise?—Theneighbors______foraparty.A.havepreparedB.arepreparingC.prepareD.willprepare()27.—Whendidthemeetingbegin?—Atfouro’clock.It______for15minutes.A.wasonB.beganC.hasbegunD.hasbeenon()28.—LiKai,handinyourhomework,please.—Oh,sorry.I_______itathomethismorning.A.wasleavingB.haveleftC.hadleftD.left()29.—Howwasyourdayoff?—Prettygood!I_____thesciencemuseumwithmyclassmates.A.visitB.visitedC.amvisitingD.willvisit()30.—Where____you_____lunch?—Athome.Therewasnoschoollunch.A.did；haveB.are；havingC.will；haveD.do；have动词的语态()31.Boiledwater_______forfreehereinthedaytime.A.offerB.offeredC.isofferingD.isoffered()32.—Whataniceroom!—Yes.It_______everyday.A.cleansB.cleanedC.hascleanedD.iscleaned()33.—Dad,pleaseopenthedoor.It_____.—OK,dear.Iamcoming.A.locksB.lockedC.islockedD.waslocked()34.MrsJohnson’sfunnystory_____byeveryonewhoheardit.A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD.waslaughedat()35.Ibelievethatthosemountains_____withtreesinafewyears.A.arecoveredB.willbecoveredC.arecoveringD.willcover()36.Necessaryaction_______sothatstudentscanbesafeatschool.A.canbetakenB.maybetakenC.mustbetakenD.mightbetaken()37.—DidyougotoJim’sbirthdayparty?—No,I_______.A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvitedC.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvite()38.Pleasedon’tstandupinclassuntilyou______.A.weretoldtoB.aretoldtoC.weretoldD.aretold()39.—When_____thecar________?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.does;inventB.did;inventC.was;inventedD.was;inventing()40.—Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou_____thisjob?—Well,I’mthinkingabouttheworkingtime.A.offerB.willofferC.areofferedD.willbeoffered()41.Students_______nottousemobilephonesinourschoolnow.A.askB.askedC.areaskedD.wereasked()42.—God,yourclassroomissodirty.—Wewerebusygettingreadyforthefinalexamlastweek.It________.A.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wascleanD.wasn’tcleaned()43.—IsBohaiBridgeopentothepublicyet?—Yes.It_______foralmostoneandahalfmonths.A.hasopenedB.hasbeingopenedC.hasbeenopenD.wasopen()44.Sofar,allthewalls______white,andwearegoingtodrawallkindsofpicturesonthem.A.havebeenpaintedB.havepaintedC.arepaintedD.painted()45.Thelightsintheroom______beforeyouleave.7\nA.mustturnoffB.willturnoffC.areturnedoffD.mustbeturnedoff()46.Fewstudentscanunderstandthesentenceuntilit______threetimes.A.explainsB.isexplainedC.willbeexplainedD.explained()47.—CanyousingthissonginEnglish?—OfcourseIcan.It______often______byuskids.A.is;singingB.does;singC.has;sungD.is;sung()48.—Studentsshould_____tosmokeordrink.—Sure.Theyarebothbadhabits.A.allowB.beallowedC.notallowD.notbeallowed()49.—CanItakethemagazinesout?—No,Sir.They______outofthereading-room.It’sarule.A.needn’tbetakenB.can’ttakeC.mustn’tbetakenD.maytake()50.—Idon’tknowhowtotakecareoftheseflowers.—It’seasy.Thiskindofflowers________onlyonceaweek,andthattwiceaweek.A.iswateredB.waterC.shouldbewateredD.shouldwater7参考答案：(九)动词的时态和语态题组训练1—5BCADA6—10CACDC11—15CADCB16—20CCACC21—25DADBC26—30ACBDB整合集训动词的时态1—5CACCD6—10BDCBA11—15DCDDC16—20BBCBA21—25ADBBC26—30BDDBA动词的语态31—35DDCDB36—40CBBCC41—45CDCAD46—50BDDCC7