【火线100天】2022中考英语 基础语法十 非谓语动词

（十）非谓语动词01命题趋势考标导向化近几年对非谓语动词的考查主要是动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语，动名词作主语、宾语、宾语补足语，及个别分词的用法。预计2022年中考对非谓语动词的考查，不定式仍是考查的热点。我们应该牢固掌握一些动词固定搭配的用法。02定义概念清晰化非谓语动词是一些特殊的动词，它们在句中不能单独作谓语，而有谓语以外的其他语法功能，在句子中不受主语的人称和数的限制，但仍有时态和语态的变化，也可以带宾语和状语，构成非谓语动词短语。非谓语动词分不定式、动名词和分词三种。动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，在特殊情况下有时to可以省略。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时也具有动词的部分特征，能充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。动名词由动词加-ing构成，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。它们在句中作定语、状语、表语和补语。03知识归类知识网络化❶动词不定式分类图解功能例句主语TospeakEnglishwellisn’taneasyjob.宾语Theydecidedtochangetheirmind.宾语补足语Hehelpsthelittlegirltofinishherhomeworkeveryday.定语Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.表语Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthechildren.状语目的Everymorninghegetsupveryearlytoexercise.结果Hereturnedhometolearnhissonhadgonetothecountryside.特例清单1.不定式作宾语(1)一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：wouldlike，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看一场电影吗?(2)在find，think后面接不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.我发现每天读英语很容易。(3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式：whynotdo…，hadbetter(not)do…，wouldratherdo，could/would/willyouplease(not)do…Iwouldratherstayathome.我宁愿待在家里。2.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西让他将收音机的音量调低。tell，ask，want，allow，get，wouldlike，encourage后面常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我母亲鼓励我学日语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、一帮(help)、二听(hear，listento)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(lookat，see，watch，notice)。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.老板让他们工作了一整夜。3.不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。(2)如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么可担心的。【题组训练】()1.(2022·北京)Myparentsalwaystellme_______morevegetablesandfruit.A.eatB.eatingC.eatsD.toeat()2.(2022·咸宁)—Whatwouldyoulike_____foryourmumonMother’sDay?—Adress.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys()3.(2022·河南)—Doyouclimbmountainseveryday?—Yes，_______alittleexercise.I’msooutofshape.A.gettingB.getC.gotD.toget()4.(2022·河北)Don’tforget_______thankswhen5\notherpeoplehelpyou.A.acceptB.toacceptC.sayD.tosay()5.(2022·漳州)—Wedon’thaveenoughmoneyforourfieldtrip.Whatshallwedo?—Thebestway_______moneyistosellnewspapers.A.raiseB.toraiseC.raising❷特殊结构的不定式分类图解结构例句too…to结构Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.not+不定式Theteachertoldthestudentsnottoplaysoccerontheroad.疑问词+不定式作主语Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.作宾语Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.作表语Thequestioniswheretofindthewater.for+名词（代词的宾格）+不定式Itisnecessaryforustolearnfromeachother.of+名词（代词的宾格）+不定式ItisverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.特例清单1.动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It+be+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+动词不定式。如：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好啦。It’sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那样做真是太聪明啦。2.不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老师正告诉学生要做什么。Hedidn’tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。(wheretogo=whereheshouldgo)【题组训练】()6.(2022·广东)Ialwaystellmystudents_____ontheroadbecauseit’sreallydangerous.A.nottoplayB.toplaynotC.notplayingD.notplay()7.(2022·黔东南州)—Whatseniorschooldoyouwanttogo,LiHua?—It’shardforme________adecisionnow.A.doB.todoC.makeD.tomake()8.(2022·咸宁)It’sratherhotintheroom.You’dbetter_______thewindowsorthedoor.A.closeB.nottocloseC.don’tcloseD.notclose()9.(2022·衡阳)Myparentsaskedme_______computergames.A.notplayingB.nottoplayC.notplay()10.(2022·宿迁)It’sdangerous________acloselookatthetigerinthezoo.A.forustalkingB.ofustotakeC.ofustakingD.forustotake❸动词-ing形式分类图解功能例句主语Skatingonthethiniceisdangerous.宾语Ifinisheddoingmyhomework.表语Thenurse’sjobislookingafterthepatients.定语Sheisreadinginthereadingroom.宾语补足语Hekeptthemachinerunningfortenhours.状语Theywentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.特例清单1.英语中一些词后常跟动名词作宾语，初中阶段这类词有：finish(完成),mind(介意),beworth(值得),bebusy(忙于),practice(练习),havefun(玩得高兴),feellike(想要),beusedto(习惯于),consider(考虑),enjoy(喜欢)。2.主语+be+happy(glad,pleased,angry,sorry,careful,ready等)+todosth.如：I’mgladtoseeyouagain.我很高兴再次见到你。5\nI’msorrytohearthat.听到这个消息我感到遗憾。3.几组动词接不定式及动名词辨析：(1)stopdoing/stoptodostopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停止、中断做某事后去做另一件事(2)forgetdoing/forgettodoforgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(事情已做)forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事(事情没做)(3)rememberdoing/remembertodorememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(事情已做)remembertodosth.记着去做某事(事情没做)(4)trydoing/trytodotrydoingsth.尝试着去做某事trytodosth.设法或努力去做某事(5)goondoing/goontodogoondoingsth.继续不停地做同一件事情goontodosth.做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事(6)allowdoingsth./allowsb.todosth.allowdoingsth.允许做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事(7)regretdoing/regrettodoregretdoingsth.对做过的事情感到遗憾、后悔(已做)regrettodosth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)(8)meandoing/meantodomeandoingsth.意味着做某事meantodosth.打算、想做某事【题组训练】()11.(2022·长沙)—It’sgettingcold.Wouldyoumind_____thewindow?—Ofcoursenot.A.closingB.tocloseC.closed()12.(2022·梅州)Paullooksforwardto_______hispenpalassoonaspossible.A.meetsB.meetC.meetingD.met()13.(2022·孝感)MyoldneighborCharlesenjoys_____photos.Healwaysgoesoutwithhiscamera.A.takeB.totakeC.takingD.took()14.(2022·曲靖)_______vegetablejuiceisagoodhabit，whichhelpsyoueatabalanceddiet.A.DrinkB.DrankC.DrunkD.Drinking()15.(2022·黄冈)—Grandpahaschangedalot.—Sohehas.Hespendsmoretimethanheusedto______gameswiththechildren.A.playB.playingC.playedD.plays❹动词的过去分词分类图解功能例句表语Thedoorremainedlocked.定语Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisnowadepartmentstore.宾语补足语Iheardmynamecalled.状语Heatedwaterchangesintosteam.特例清单英语中过去分词可作宾补(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态)1.过去分词用在get,have,make的后面。注意“have+宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：A)表示“让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做”。如：Ihavehadmybikerepaired.我已经请人把我的自行车修好了。B)表示“遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受……影响，蒙受……损失”。如：Ihadmywalletstolenonabuslastmonth.上个月在公汽上我的钱包被偷了。2.“make+宾语+过去分词”,在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.我提高声音目的是让我自己被听见。3.过去分词用在感官动词watch,notice,see,hear,listento,feel,find等后面。如：Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.到学校时，我们发现门被锁了。4.过去分词用在“with+宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.那个小偷被带了进来，他的手被绑在背后。5.过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别:5\n现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系，其动作与谓语动作同时进行。过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系，其动作先于谓语动作。不定式作宾补:表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。如：Hedidn’tnoticemewaiting.他没有注意到我正在等。IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我听见这首歌被用英语唱了。Isawhimopeningthewindow.我看见他正在开窗户。Isawthewindowopened.我看见窗户被开了。Isawhimopenthewindow.我看见他开了窗户。IheardhersingthesonginEnglish.我听见她用英语唱了这首歌。【题组训练】()16.(2022·咸宁)—Doyouhaveanydifficultyin____English?—Yes，butItrytomakemyself_____.A.tospeak;understoodB.speaking;understandC.tospeak;tounderstandD.speaking;understood()17.(2022·绥化)HewantstohavehisTV______.A.repairingB.repairedC.torepair()18.(2022·安顺)Heoftendrinkstwocupsof______waterwhenhecomesback.A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.boils()19.(2022·烟台)—Whydoyouspeakin____loudvoice?—BecauseIwanttomakemyself_______clearly.A.such;hearB.so;heardC.such;heardD.so;hear()20.(2022·自贡)—Whenareyougoingtohaveyourhair____?—Thisafternoon.A.cutB.tocutC.cutting04整合集训反馈层级化()1.Davidenjoys____musicatweekend,butIprefer_____forapicnic.A.tolisten;togooutB.listento;goingtoC.listeningto;gooutD.listeningto;togoout()2.—Ireallydon’tknow_____withthiskindofproblems.—Youcanasktheteacherforhelp.A.whattodoB.howtodoC.whytodoD.whichtodeal()3.—Doyouoftenplanttrees,WangLin?—Yes,wehave________hundredsoftrees.A.plantB.plantedC.plantsD.planting()4.—Wedon’thavemuchhomeworkthisweekend.Shallwegoouttogether?—Ok.Whatabout______amovie?A.toseeB.seeingC.toseeingD.sees()5.Theboyislookingforwardto_______agoodtimeaftertheexam.A.tohaveB.hasC.havingD.have()6.—Marydancesbestinourschool.—Iagree.I’llneverforget_____herdanceforthefirsttime.A.seeingB.toseeC.seeD.seen()7.Ittookmydaughtertwoweekstoreadthenovels______byYangHongying.A.writeB.writesC.wroteD.written()8.—YourspokenEnglishismuchbetterthanbefore.—Thankyou.Ourteacheroftenasksus______Englishasmuchaspossible.A.tospeakB.nottospeakC.speakD.notspeak()9.Tomoftenmakeshisbrother______butyesterdayhewasmade_______byhisbrother.A.cry;tocryB.tocry;cryC.cry;cryD.tocry;tocry()10.—WecanuseQQtochatwitheachotheronline.—Really?Couldyoupleaseshowme_______it?A.whentodoB.whytodoC.howtodoD.whattodo()11.—DoyoulikegoingshoppingonSundays?—No,Iwouldrather_______booksathome______thanshopping.A.toread;goB.read;togoC.read;goD.toread;togo()12.Whenhesawaticketontheground,hestopped______.5\nA.topickitupB.pickingitupC.topickupitD.pickupit()13.Wehavetworooms,butIcan’tdecided______.A.tolive;tochoosewhichoneB.lived;choosewhichoneC.tolivein;whichonetochooseD.livein;whichone()14.—WhatshouldIdo,doctor?—______healthy,youshouldtakeexercisemoreandeatmeatless.A.KeepB.KeepingC.TokeepD.Kept()15.—Don’tforget_____thedoorofthemeetingroomwhenyouleave.—Sure.A.tolockB.lockingC.lockD.locks()16.Wouldyoumindnot________here?I’mdoingmyhomework.A.singB.singingC.singsD.tosing()17.Nomatterhowharditis,we’llkeep_____untilwemakeit.A.failedB.failingC.triedD.trying()18.Weagreed____herebutsofarshehasn’tappearedyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.meet()19.—Wherearethetwins?—Isawthem______outforawalkjustnow.A.goingB.togoC.goneD.went()20.—Doyoustillremember_____mesomewhereinShanghai?—Yes,ofcourse.Twoyearsago.A.toseeB.seeC.seeingD.saw()21.AuntLioftenasksherson_______toomuchmeat.It’sbadforhishealth.A.don’teatB.nottoeatC.noteatD.tonoteat()22.Therearenodifferencesbetweenthetwowords.Ireallydon’tknow_____.A.whattochooseB.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhichD.tochoosewhat()23.—Whataboutgoingswimmingwithme?—Sorry.Ihavealotofhomework______.A.todoB.doneC.doD.bedone()24.Itissaidthattoteachamanfishingisbetterthan______himfish.A.giveB.givingC.togiveD.gives()25.—Mum,I’mhungry.—WhataboutgoingtoMcDonald’s______friedchicken?A.eatB.toeatC.eatingD.andeat5参考答案：(十)非谓语动词题组训练1—5DCDDB6—10ADDBD11—15ACCDB16—20DBCCA整合集训1—5DABBC6—10ADAAC11—15CACCA16—20BDCAC21—25BBACB5