整理高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习

高中英语主谓一致一）主谓一致的种类1．语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：Thenumberofthestudentspresentis200.JaneandMarylookalike.2．意义上一致1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：Thecrowdwereshouting.单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people,,cattle,等。2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：Thenewswassosurprising.形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics,economics等。3．就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or,neither…not,notonly…butalso等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如：EitheryourstudentsorMr.Wangknowsthis.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher_______(was,were)invited.（二）主谓一致的应用1．名词作主语1）某些集体名词，如family,team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Hisfamily______ahappyone.Thewholefamily______watchingTV.这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。2）某些集体名词，如people,police,cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如：Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.3）单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：Asheep______overthere.Somesheep_______overthere.4）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：Threeyears______(has,have)passedsincethen.5）不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotothecinema.6）如果主语有morethanone很多非常…或manya许多……构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Morethanonestudenthasreadthebook.Manyagirlhasbeenthere.但是，“more+复数名词+thanone”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.7）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主语用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：Apairofshoes______(was,were)onthedesk.8）thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口语)（这一类人），但thiskindofmen的谓语动词用单数，menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的谓语动词用复数，allkindsof后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Thiskindofmen_______dangerous.Menofthiskind_______dangerous.10）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。如：The(This)glassworkswassetupin1980.(这家玻璃厂建于1980年。)The（These）glassworksareneartherailwaystation.（这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。）当它们前面有a,sucha,this,that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all,such,these,those修饰时，谓语用复数，但means,nomeans,11）如果名词词组中心词是all，most,half,rest等词语，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如：Allofmyclassmateslikemusic.Allofthewaterisgone.12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.2．由连接词连接的名词作主语1）用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：Plasticsandrubberneverrot.Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.2）当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由引导词前面的主语而定。如：Theteacheraswellasthestudents________readinginthelibrary.３）以or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：Tomorhisbrothers______waitingintheroom.Eitheryouorhe_________togo.3．代词作主语1）关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Thosewhowanttogopleaseputupyourhands.Someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun.2）疑问代词who,what,which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：Wholivesnextdoor?ItisXiaoLiu.Wholivenextdoor?ItisZhangandLiu.Whatproduce(s)heat?4．分数、量词作主语1）“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“alotof,lotsofplentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语，例如：Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.和这种情况类似的还有“anumberof+名词复数”谓语用复数译为大量，许多，thenumberof中心词是number,谓语用单数，译为…的数量Anumberofstudentshavegonehome.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.注意：(large)quantitiesof……不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，例如：Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.短语inquantity,inlargequantities意为“大量”；insmallquantities意为“少量”。2）agreatdealof,alargeamountof修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；largeamountsof修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，例如：Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.3）表示数量的oneandahalf后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.5．名词化的形容词作主语如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddumb,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等；Theblindstudyinspecialschools.Thepoorliveinaundevelepedcountry6．从句作主语1）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如：Whatweneedismoretime.Whatweneedaredoctors.1.Three______diedintheterriblefireinLuoyanglastwinter.A.hundredspeopleB.hundredpeopleC.hundredspeoplesD.hundredpeoples2.Eitheryouorthepresident_______theprizestothesegiftedwinnersatthemeeting.A.ishandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandout3.I,who______yourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.A.amB.isC.areD.be4.TheOlympicGamesintheyear2008______inBeijingofChina,which______knowntousall.A.istohold;isB.istobeheld;wasC.aretohold;isD.aretobeheld;is5.There_____alotofrubbishonthefloorsoIaskedMarytosweep_____up.A.were;itB.are;themC.was;itD.is;them6.Threemilliontonsofcoal______everyyearinthecity.A.isexploitedB.areexploitedC.hadexploitedD.haveexploited7.StoriesoftheLongMarch_______popularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.A.isB.wasC.areD.were8.Mathematics_______thelanguageofscience.A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe9.Bothriceandwheat_____growninourcountry.A.isB.areC.wasD.were10.________eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is11.Whatthechildreninthemountainvillageneed________goodbooks.A.isB.areC.haveD.has12.Thewholefamily_______TVattentively.A.arewatchingB.iswatchingC.isseeingD.areseeing13.Nothingbutseveralglasses________boughtbymyfatherthedaybeforeyesterday.A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.wouldbe14.Atthebusstop______asoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytothevillage.A.wereB.wasC.isD.sits15.Iflawandorder______,neitherthecitizennorhisfamilyissafe.A.arenotpreservedB.isnotpreservedC.werepreservedD.havenotbeenpreserved16.There______littlechangeinthatmiddleschool.A.haveB.hadC.havebeenD.hasbeen17.Whatsuchasunsetis______strangetousall.A.goingtobeB./C.isD.that18.Seventy-fivepercentoftheearth’ssurface______withwater.A.iscoveredB.iscoveringC.werecoveredD.arecovered19.Thefollowing______someothermentaldiseases.A.beingB.areC.wasD.were20.NotonlyyoubutalsoI______abletohelphimout.A.areB.isC.amD.were21.“TheKites”______usastoryofthekite’shistory.A.havetoldB.tellsC.weretoldD.wastold22.YouandI_____twinsisters.A.wereB.areC.isD.am23.AteacherofEnglishandclassteacher_______ussomethingaboutvolunteerworkers.A.aretellingB.istellingC.aregivenD.weregiven24.Thousandsoftonsofrubbish________overalargeperiodoftime.A.rotsawayB.rotawayC.hasrottedawayD.arerottedaway25.Mayoraswellasvolunteerworkers_______thenewly-builtstadium.A.iscleaningB.arecleaningC.werecleaningD.havecleaned26.Manyastudent______somethingaboutAbrahamLincoln.A.haveknownB.knowsC.isknownD.areknown27.Thedefenceworks______builtlongagotokeeptheenemyaway.A.wereB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.was28.“Haveyouallstudiedthepassage‘UsingtheMindagainstDisease’？”“______.”A.NobodyofushasB.NobodyofushaveC.NoneofushasD.Noneofusdid29.AgroupofItaliansoldiers______quicklytowardstheirposition.A.wereadvancingB.wereadvancedC.wasadvancingD.advancing30.Everyone,menandwomen,oldandyoung______sportsandgames.A.isenjoyB.wereenjoyingC.enjoysD.enjoy1.One-thirdofthearea_____coveredwithgreentrees.Aboutseventypercentofthetrees_____beenplanted.A.are;have B.is;has C.is;have D.are;has2.Thenumberofteachersinourcollege_____greatlyincreasedlastterm.Anumberofteachersinthisschool_____fromthecountryside.A.was;is B.was;are C.were;are D.were;is3.What_____thepopulationofChina?One-thirdofthepopulation_____workershere.A.is;are B.are;are C.is;is D.are;is4.Notonlyhebutalsowe_____right.Heaswellaswe_____right.A.are;are B.are;is C.is;is D.is;are5.Whathe’dlike_____adigitalwatch.Whathe’dlike_____textbooks.A.are;are B.is;is C.is;are D.are;is6.Heisoneoftheboyswho_____hereontime.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_____hereontime.A.hascome;havecome B.havecome;hascomeC.hascome;hascomeD.havecome;havecome7.Eitheryouorhe_____interestedinplayingchess._____youorhefondofmusicatpresent?A.are;Are B.is;Are C.are;Is D.is;Is8.Manyaprofessor_____lookingforwardtovisitingGermanynow. Manyscientists_____studiedanimalsandplantsinthelasttwoyears.A.is;have B.is;has C.are;have D.is;are9.Aknifeandafork_____onthetable.Aknifeandfork_____onthetable.A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are10.Herfamily_____muchlargerthanminefouryearsago.Herfamily_____dancingandsingingwhenIcameinlastnight.A.were;was B.was;were C.was;was D.were;were11.HowandwhyJackcametoChina_____notknown.Whenandwheretobuildthenewlibrary_____notbeendecided.A.is;has B.are;has C.is;have D.are;have12.NowTomtogetherwithhisclassmates_____footballontheplayground.A.play B.areplaying C.plays D.isplaying13.Twohundredandfiftypounds_____toounreasonableapriceforasecond-handcar.A.is B.are C.were D.be14.AllbutDick_____inClassThreethisterm.　A.are B.is C.were D.was15.Soonaftertheearthquake,everyman,womanandchild_____aboutit.A.weretalking B.wastalking C.talk D.talks16.Weeach_____strongpointsandeachofusontheotherhand_____weakpoints.A.have;have B.has;have C.has;has D.have;has17.MyfriendandclassmatePaul_____motorcyclesinhissparetime.A.race B.races C.israced D.isracing18.There_____apen,twopencils,andthreebooksonthedesk.A.are B.is C.has D.have19.Thefactory,includingitsmachinesandbuildings,_____burntlastnight.A.is B.are C.were D.was20.Climbinghills_____ofgreathelptohealth.A.is B.are C.were D.be21.Timeandtide_____fornoman.A.wait B.waited C.iswaiting D.haswaited22.Theinjuredinthetsunami_____goodcareofbysomemedicalteams.A.istaken B.arebeingtaken C.aretaking D.isbeingtaken23.ItisnotJ.K.Rowlingbutherworksthat_____usexcited.A.makes B.ismade C.make D.aremade24.Onthecloset_____apairoftrousershisparentsboughtforhisbirthday.A.lying B.lies C.lie D.islaid25.Eachmanandeachwoman_____askedtohelpwhenthefirebrokeout.A.is B.was C.are D.were26.About60percentofthestudents_____fromthesouth;therestofthem_____fromthenorthandforeigncountries.A.are;is B.is;is C.is;are D.are;are