高中状语从句讲解

状语从句状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如：1. Naturally,ourgrandparentswerepleasedtogetourphonecall.(副词)2. Weworkedhard,fromsunrisetosunset.(介词状短语)3. Tohelpmydisabledaunt,Ispendanhourworkinginherhouseeveryday.(不定式)4.  Seenfromadistance,thefarmhouselookeddeserted.(过去分词)5. IknowhowtolightacampfirebecauseIhaddoneitbefore.（原因状语从句）状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:1．时间状语从句常用引导词：when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until(主将从现)重要！When的三种重要句型：特殊引导词：theminute,themoment,thesecond,theinstant,immediately,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when,（时态要求？和什么时候倒装？）everytime(改错题中常出现)Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.（not…until）WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard(果园)themomenttheysawtheguard.EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.2．地点状语从句常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever,anywhere,everywhereGenerally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.3．原因状语从句常用引导词：because,as,since（辨析：because，since，as引导原因状语从句。because语气最强，表示直接的原因，是说话人认为对方不知道的原因，它引导的从句通常位于主句之后；在回答why时，只能用because。since和as是对大家已知的事实提供理由或背景。）特殊引导词：seeingthat,nowthat既然,inthat,giventhat,consideringthat, MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessful.Nowthateverybodyhascome,let’sbeginourconference.4．目的状语从句常用引导词：sothat,inorderthat特殊引导词：lest,incase以防,forfearthat，inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthatThebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignthem.Theteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly.5．结果状语从句常用引导词：so…that,such…that,特殊引导词：totheextent…that,达到…程度tosuchadegree…that,Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.什么时候要倒装？6．条件状语从句常用引导词：if,as/solongas,unless,特殊引导词：onlyif,providing/providedthat,incasethat,onconditionthatWe’llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.7．让步状语从句常用引导词：though,although,evenif,eventhough特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while(一般用在句首)inspiteofthefactthat,，nomatter…，whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whicheverMuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohisproposal.尽管我很尊敬他，我却不同意他的建议。Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatherisrough.Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind.Hewon’tlistenwhateveryoumaysay.8．比较状语从句常用引导词：as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：the+比较级…the+比较级…;AistoBwhat/asXistoY;Sheisasbad-temperedashermother.（as+原级+as）Themoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillbe.Foodistomenwhat/asoilistomachine.食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。9．方式状语从句常用引导词：as,asif,how特殊引导词：thewayWheninRome,doastheRomando.Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.Sometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtus.10. 状语从句的简化/省略状语从句中的主语和be动词常可省略要同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。例如：When(themuseumis)completed,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.He’llgototheseasideforhisholidayif(itis)possible.练习题1.I’llletyouknow____hecomesback.A.beforeB.becauseC.assoonasD.although2.Shewillsingasong____sheisasked.A.ifB.unlessC.forD.since3.Wewillwork____weareneeded.A.wheneverB.becauseC.sinceD.wherever4.Readitaloud_____theclasscanhearyou.A.sothatB.ifC.whenD.although5._____yougo,don'tforgetyourpeople.A.WheneverB.HoweverC.WhereverD.Whichever6.Itisabouttenyears_____Imetyoulast.重要！（提醒我补充时态句型）A.sinceB.forC.whenD.as7.Theywillneversucceed,_____hardtheytry.A.becauseB.howeverC.whenD.since8._____stillhalfdrunk,hemadehiswayhome.A.WhenB.BecauseC.ThoughD.As9._____shewasverytired,shewentonworking.A.AsB.AlthoughC.EvenD.Inspiteof重要！10.Busy_____hewas,hetriedhisbesttohelpyou.A.asB.whenC.sinceD.for11.IlearnedalittleRussian_____Iwasatmiddleschool.A.thoughB.althoughC.asifD.when12._____wegottothestation,thetrainhadleftalready.A.IfB.UnlessC.SinceD.When13._____therainstops,we'11setoffforthestation.A.BeforeB.UnlessC.AssoonasD.Though14.Shewas_____tired_____shecouldnotmoveaninch.A.so,thatB.such,thatC.very,thatD.so,as15.Wedidn’tgohome_____wefinishedthework.A.sinceB.untilC.becauseD.though16.I'llstayhere_____everyoneelsecomesback.A.evenifB.asthoughC.becauseD.until