高中状语从句精讲

状语从句一、时间状语从句：①连词when可接任何动词beabouttoWhile只接延续动词强调前后对比As只接延续动词随着HewashavingdinnerwhenwearrivedIstudiedEnglishhardwhile/when/asIlivedinEnglandIwasabouttoleavewhenthephonerangHethoughtIwastalkingabouthissonwhileIwastalkingaboutmyson.Astimewentby,weknowmoreandmoreaboutthesociety.②After:hewentoutafterhefinishedhishomework.Before:hefinishedhishomeworkbeforehewentout.③Until:引导时间状语从句，接延续性动词用肯定，否则用否定Untilhehadfinishedhishomework,hedidn’tgohome.(not……until)Not……until的强调句型Itis/was+until+that=itis/was+notuntil……+thatItwasnotuntilhefinishedhishomeworkthathewenthome.Not……until的倒装Notuntil半倒装主句Notuntilhefinishedhishomework,didhegohome.（半倒装相当于一般疑问句的结构）④Assoonas=themoment/minute/second“一……就”Hewentoutassoonashefinishedhishomework⑤Hardly……whennosooner……than“一……就”前面为主句主句必用过去完成时若hardly/nosooner前置位于句首，必须倒装HehardlyhadfinisheditwhenhewenthomeHenosoonerhadfinisheditthanhewenthome前置：hardlyhadhe……Nosoonerhadhe……⑥Since：自从与现在完成时连用HehaslivedheresinceIleftSZItis（hasbeen）+时间段+since+主语+非延续性动词的一般过去式3二、原因状语从句：Because（从属连词，与why配套，回答why的提问。不能与so<并列连词>连用）:（与becauseof的区别：接单词和短语，前者接句子）Since=nowthat已知原因+前置As:可前可后，灵活处理For：引导从句后置，，不能直接说明某一特定动作发生的原因，而只能提供一些起帮助解释作用的附加说明。Thedayswereshort，foritwasnowDecember．天短了，现在已是12月了。Hetookthefoodeagerly，forhehaseatennothingsincedawn．他狼吞虎咽地吃了起来，因为他从天亮就没吃过东西。WhenIsawherintheriverIwasfrightened．Foratthatpointthecurrentsweredangerous．我看见她在河里时，吓坏了。那个地方水流非常危险。三、地点：where（特指）wherever（泛指）YoucanstaywhereyouareYoucanstaywhereveryoulike四、条件：if=aslongas=solongas=onconditionthatUnless=上面的否定五、让步：though/although/whileOnlyif=eventhoughAs:无关单名+as+主“8+1”ever=nomatter+“8+1”后者只能用在状语从句中六、方式：asif=asthough似乎As……依据，按照七、比较：同级A+as+adj/adv+as+BA+not+as+so+adj/adv+as+BShedoesitascarefullyasme(Ido)比较级A+adj比较级+thanBSheistallerthanme.八、目的：sothat=inorderthat(为了)Incase=forfearthat（以防）HespeaksinalowvoiceforfearthatIcanhearhimHespeaksinahighvoicesothat(inorderthat)Icanhearhim.九、结果：so（本身是adv）+adj/adv+that（如此……以至于）heissokindthateveryonelikeshim.Such(本身是adj)+n+thatheissuchakindboythateveryonelikeshim.So+adj+a/an+单名+that=such+a/an+adj+单名(类似于how,what引导感叹句的区别)3当such+n形式的n前有修饰词，则用so来引导So+many/much/few/little(少，adj不属于此句型)+n(somany/much/little/few可以当做是固定搭配了)Hehassolittlemoneythathecan’tbuythebook.倒装：sokindishethateveryonelikeshimSuchagoodboyishethateveryonelikeshim.SosuccessfulwasherbusinessthatMaricwasabletosetupnewbusinessSofastdoselighttravelthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.三个总结1.主将从现：表将来的时间/条件状语从句中，从句要用一般现在时/现在完成时表将来，对应的主句用一般将来时表将来（真理性时也用一般现在时）2.状语从句的省略（1）当主从句一致，且从句=连词+主语+be的相关形式（包括被动），则可省略主+be的相关形式When（hewas）askedthequestions，hecried.（2）当主从句主语不一致时，从句=连词+it+be……则可省略：it+beYoucanstopwhere（itis）necessary3.一词多义名词性从句：时间状语√As定语从句：非限制性定语从句用到since原因状语√状语从句：时间：√条件：√方式：√让步：√比较：√原因：√目的：×结果：×地点：×名词性从句√名词性从句：√if定语从句×That定语从句：√状语从句条件√方式√状语从句：条件√让步√目的√结果√原因√3