2022年高考全国甲卷英语模拟试卷预测卷 （含答案解析）

2022年高考全国甲卷英语模拟试卷预测卷第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AZOOCREW—TEENVOLUNTEERPROGRAMAges13-17Passionateaboutanimalsandwonderingwhatazookeeper'sdayislike?DenverZoo’aTeenVolunteerProgram,ZooCrew,mightbetheplaceforyou!Wedonotofferone-timevolunteerserviceopportunitiesforschoolorcourtappointedteens.APPLICATIONSTheapplicationwillopenonJanuaryIandcloseonMarch1.Applicantsmustbeatleast13yearsoldbythefirstdayoftrainingandnoolderthan17.REQUIREMENTSTeenvolunteers:75hoursofservicepersummer(JunethroughAugust)withseveralshiftseachmonth.First-yearteenvolunteers;threeweeks(M-F,morningsorafternoons)ofvolunteeringduringthesummertosupportSummerSafari,DenverZoo'ssummercamp.Allcurrentteenvolunteerscanchoosevolunteeryear-round,afterparticipatingforatleastonesummerseason.Theseteensmustcommittoatleastoneshiftpermonth,performpositiondutiesasassignedincludingworkingoutside,communicatewithguestsandstaffindependentlyandalongsideotherteenandadultvolunteers.JuniorCrew(YearIinZooCrew):SummerSafari;assistcampinstructorswithgames,zootours,andeducationalactivities.AnimalDepartment:assistveteranteenvolunteerswithdailyanimalhusbandryresponsibilitiessuchascleaning,dietpreparationandanimalenrichment.Teens16oroldermayalsohelpatthe NutritionCenter,theZoo'sanimalkitchen.TUITION$150nonrefundable(不退还的)tuitionfee(duenolaterthanMayIofeachyear).DownloadDenverZoo'sTuitionScholarshipform.(ScholarshiprequestsareduenolaterthanApril15eachyear.)TuitionhelpscovercostsofZooCrewT-shirtuniforms,nametag,dailysupervision,programsupplies,trainingandcontinuingeducationprograms,annualawardceremony,socialeventsandcampouts.QUESTIONS第16页共16页,Formoreinformation,pleasecalltheProgramSpecialistat720-337-1491ore-mailteen-volunteer(@denverzooorg). 1.Whyistheprogramheldforteens? A.TosupportSummerSafarionlyfortwoweeks. B.Tovolunteertherewithsomeshiftsforayear. C.Toknowaboutazookeeper'slifeinsummer. D.Tojoinintheprogramforadayinthekitchen. 2.WhatshouldallteenvolunteersinZooCrewdo? A.Changetheirworkeverysummermonth.B.Offerservicesthereforatmost75lrours.li C.Volunteermainlyindoorwork.D.Workthereallbythemselves.3.WhatcanJuniorCrewgetattheprogram?A.Scholarshiptwiceayear.B.Competitionprizes. C.Schooluniforms.D.Routineguidance.B    AugustusSaint-GaudensandhisfamilyimmigratedtoNewYork,America,fromDublin,Ireland,in1848whenhewasjustsixmonthsold.Ashegrewup,Augustuslikedracinghisfriendsaroundtheblock,buyingcandiesatthestore,especiallydrawing—drawingpicturesoftheshoemakersathisfather'sshoeshop.Attheageof13,hisfathertoldhimitwastimetogotowork.Augustusreplied,"IshouldlikeitifIcoulddosomethingwhichwouldhelpmetobeanartist."Hebeganasanapprenticetoacameocutteroutofstoneandshell,andcarvedcameosofpeople,lions,andeventheheadofHerculesfromGreekmythology,whentheCivilWarhadjustbegun.   At19,withhisearningsandhisparents'support,hetravelledtoParisandRomeforfurthertrainingandartisticstudy.Beforeheleft,hedrewaportraitofhismotherinpencilandsculptedasmallbust(半身像)ofhisfatheroutofclay.Then,22-year-oldAugustusopenedanartstudioinRomeandworkedonhisfirstlife-sizedsculpture,calledHiawatha.AnartpatronwasimpressedwiththissculptureandpromisedtohelpAugustus"untilyourgeniusandlaborsshallhavemetwiththerewardtowhichIfeeltheyareentitled".   In1876,AugustuswaschosentodesignamonumenttotheCivilWarheroAdmiralDavidFarragutoftheU.S.Navy.Completedfiveyearslater,whenhewas33,hisfirstmajorsculpturefortheU.S.wasunveiledatMadisonSquareinNewYorkCity,thesculptor'sboyhoodhome.Oneartcriticcalledit"thebestmonumentofthekindthecityhastoshow".ThenthegiantStandingLincolninLincolnPark,ChicagoinasettingbyarchitectWhite,1884-1887,wasconsideredthefinestportraitstatueintheU.S.   However,in1900,aged52,hisdoctorstoldhimhehadcancer.Eventhoughhewasoftenill,hecontinuedtoworkathishomeandstudioinCornish,NewHampshire.   In1905,PresidentTheodoreRooseveltrequestedthatAugustusredesignAmericancoins—to第16页共16页,conveythestrengthofthenation.Augustusmadelifelikepencilsketchesofhiscoindesigns.Yet,AugustusdiedinAugust1907,twomonthsbeforehisl0-dollarand20-dollargoldcoinswereissued.AugustusSaint-Gaudenshadfulfilledhisdream-andmore!HewasoneofthegreatestAmericansculptorsnotonlyofhisdaybutalsoofalltime.1.WhatdidAugustuslikedoingasachild?A.Heenjoyedsellingcandiesatthestore.B.Heenjoyedchasingafterhisfriendsatschool.C.Helikeddrawingpicturesofhisfather'sworkers.D.Helikedgoingtoworkasashoemakerinhisfather'sshop.2.HowdidAugustusbecomeasculptor?A.Hereceivedsponsorshipfromanartcritic.B.Hesculptedasmallbustofhisparentsoutofclay.C.HeopenedanartstudioinRomeandworkedonHiawatha.D.Helearnedhardasanapprenticeandcarvedmanyniceworks.3.WhendidRooseveltrequestAugustustoredesignAmericancoins?A.Athisageof33.B.Athisageof57.C.Athisageof52.D.Athisageof59.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThehistoryoftheCivilWar.B.Theremarkablesculptor'slife.C.ThecommentsonAugustus'works.D.Theoutstandingsculptor'smasterpieces.CAstudyof8differentexperimentsshowedthatourbrainstendtopreferadditionratherthansubtractionwhenitcomestofindingsolutions—inmanycases,itseemswejustdon’tconsiderthestrategyoftakingsomethingawayatall.Theresearchersfoundthatthispreferenceforaddingwasnoticeableinthreesituationsinparticular:whenpeoplewereunderhighercognitive(认知的)load,whentherewaslesstimetoconsidertheotheroptions,andwhenvolunteersdidn’tgetaspecificreminderthatsubtractingwasanoption.Inoneoftheexperiments,participantswereaskedtoimproveaLegostructuresothatitwasabletotakemoreweight.Halfthevolunteerswereremindedthattheycouldtakeawaybricksaswellasaddthem,andhalfweren’t.Inthegroupthatgotthereminder,61percentsolvedtheproblembytakingawayabrick—whichwasamuchfasterandmoreefficientwayofmakingthestructurestable.Inthegroupthatdidn’tgetthereminder,only41percentwentfortheremovingbricksapproach.“Additiveideascometomindquicklyandeasily,butsubtractiveideasrequiremore第16页共16页,cognitiveeffort,”sayspsychologistBenjaminConverse,fromtheUniversityofVirginia.“Becausepeopleareoftenmovingfastandworkingwiththefirstideasthatcometomind,theyendupacceptingadditivesolutionswithoutconsideringsubtractionatall.”Theresearchershaveafewideasaboutwhatmightbegoingon.Ourbrainsmightfindadditivechangeseasiertoprocessperhaps,orwemightbeassociatingaddingwithideasofsomethingthat'sbiggerandthereforebetterinoursubconscious.Theremightalsobeassociationsinourmindswiththecurrentstatusbeingsomethingthatneedstobemaintainedasmuchaspossible—andtakingsomethingawayisarguablymoredestructivetothecurrentstatusthanaddingsomethingnew.Theresearcherssaytheirworkisimportantinamuchbroadersense:forinstitutionslookingtostreamline(简化),forexample,andevenforthehumanracelookingforwaystobettermanagetheplanet’sresources.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“subtraction”inparagraph1referto?A.Removal.B.Moderation.C.Refusal.D.Solution.2.Inwhichsituationdopeoplepreferadding?A.Whentheyareunderhighpressure.B.Whentheylackcognitiveability.C.Whentheyarespeciallyreminded.D.Whentheyarehurriedtodecide.3.Whatwereparticipantsrequiredtodointheexperiment?A.Re-shapeLegobricks.B.TakeLegobricksaway.C.MovetheLegostructure.D.StabilizetheLegostructure.4.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thewaystomakeadditivechanges.B.Theeffectsoftakingsomethingaway.C.Thereasonsforbrainspreferringaddition.D.Theimportanceofmaintainingcurrentstatus.D    TheproposalforanewIndonesiancapitalcityhasbeenonthecardseversincethecountrygainedindependencefromtheDutchin1945.Thepoliticalandeconomiccriseswhichfollowedhavelongdelayedtheplan,butcurrentpresident,JokoWidodo,nowappearsdeterminedtomakethemoveareality.ThegovernmentofficiallyconfirmedthatthecapitalwillbemovedfromJakartatoanewlocationwithinKalimantan,partoftheislandofBorneoinIndonesia.    Anumberoffactorsarelikelytohaveinfluencedthedecisiontoforge(艰苦做成)aheadwiththemove,butitseemslikelythatJakarta’senvironmentalproblemsarechiefamongthem.Builtonswampy(沼泽的)ground,Jakartaissinking,insomepartsatarateof20cmayear.ExpertspredictthatmostofnorthernJakartacouldsinkbeneaththeseaby2050.What’smore,Jakartaisrarelymentionedwithoutreferencetoitsextremelevelsoftrafficjamsandairpollution.Therecouldbeotherreasonstoo.JohnMcCarthy,anexpertonlanduseinKalimantanattheAustralian第16页共16页,NationalUniversityCrawfordSchoolpointstoapotentialdesiretospreadwealththroughoutIndonesia.“JakartaisthemosthighlydevelopedcoreofIndonesiawhichsucksallthemoneyandopportunitiesfromotherareas,”hesays.“Ithinkthere’slogicinsplittingtheeconomicandpoliticalcapital.”    Butthelocationofthisnewpoliticalcenterisprovingcontroversial.SomeenvironmentalgroupsareconcernedthatthechosenlocationinEastKalimantanwillincreaselogginganddestructionofnearbyforests,hometoorangutansandotherendangeredspecies.Indonesia’splanningministerpreviouslytoldreportersthatthenewcapitalwillbeasustainable“forestcity”thatwon’tresultinthedestructionofprotectedforest,buthowexactlythiswouldworkhasnotyetbeenexplained.    Despitethesechallenges,thegovernmentisnowputtingitsplaninmotion.Butevenifthisnewcapitalisbuilt,Jakartawillstillneedprotection.Hometotenmillionpeople,thecitysimplycan’tbeneglected.1.WhatistheIndonesiangovernment’snewplan?A.Buildingaforestcity.B.Electinganewpresident.C.Relocatingthecapitalcity.D.DevelopingresourcesofBorneo.2.Whatmaybethemainreasonforthegovernment’sdecision?A.Toreducelandpollution.B.Tomakefulluseofswampyground.C.Toseekbetterlivingenvironment.D.Tobalancetheeconomicgrowthbetweencities.3.Whatworriessomepeopleaboutthegovernment’schoice?A.Itmaycostalotofmoney.B.Itmaydestroythelocalecosystem.C.Itmaydisruptmanyresidents’normallife.D.Itmayleadthedeclineoftheoldcapitalcity.4.Whatisthesuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Movetonew.B.Citybuiltonswamp.C.ProtecttheForestCity.D.Abandonthehome.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoRememberWhatYouReadReadingisimportant,butthenextimportantstepismakingsurethatyourememberwhatyou'veread!①____Youmayhavejustreadthetext,buttheideas,conceptsandimagesmayflyrightoutofyourhead.Hereareafewtipsforrememberingwhatyouread.第16页共16页,Areyouconfused?Iftheplot,characters,orwordusageisconfusingforyou,youlikelywon'tbeabletorememberwhatyouread.②____Ifyoudon'tunderstandwhatyou'rereading,howwouldyourememberit?Thereareafewthingsyoucando--useadictionary；lookupthedifficultwords；consultateacher...Areyouconnected?Doesacharacterremindyouofafriend?Doesthesettingmakeyouwanttovisittheplace?Doesthebookinspireyouandmakeyouwanttoreadmore?Withsomebooks,youmayfeelaconnectionrightaway.③____Howwillingareyoutomaketheconnectionshappen?Readit;hearit;beit!Readthelines.Then,speakthemoutloud.And,putsomecharacterintothewords.Whenhewaswritinghisnovels,CharlesDickenswouldactoutthepartsofthecharacters.He'dmakefacesinthemirrorandchangehisvoiceforeachcharacter.④____.Howoftendoyouread?Ifyoureadfrequently,you'lllikelyhaveaneasiertimewithrememberingwhatyou'rereadingandwhatyou'veread.⑤____Asyoumakereadingaregularpartofyourlife,you'llmakemoreconnections,staymorefocusedandunderstandthetextbetter.You'lllearntoenjoyliterature--asyourememberwhatyouread!A.What'syourmotivation?B.Practicemakesperfect.C.It'sabitlikereadingaforeignlanguage.D.Markinghelpsyourememberwhatyouread.E.Memoryissometimesatrickything.F.Butotherbooksrequireabitmoreworkonyourpart.G.Youcandothesamethingwhenyouarereadingthetext!第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I’llneverforgetthatday.Itstartedoutasjustanordinarydayatwork.Inever___1___thatwithinafewhoursIwouldbeingreat___2___.Iwas27andhadbeenariverguideforseveralyears,takingpeopledowntheZambeziRiver.Thesunwassettingandwewerereachingtheendofthe___3___oneevening,whensomething___4___theboat.Thinkingitwastheother___5___,Iturnedaroundtopushitaway,when___6___everythingwentdark.Iwasstuckinsidesomething.Imanagedto___7___onehandandfeltaround－myhandtouchedahippo’s（河马）nose.ItwasonlythenthatI___8___Iwasunderwater,myupperbodyactuallyinthehippo’smouth!I___9___tomoveasmuchasIcould,andwhenheopenedhis第16页共16页,mouth,Imanagedto____10___away.Butsecondslater,he____11____again,pullingmeunderthewater.Irememberlookingupatthesurfaceofthewaterand____12____whichofuscouldholdhisbreaththelongest.Suddenlythehipporeleasedme.____13____amedicalteamwasnearbyandtheyhelpedmetoreachahospital.Meanwhile,thehippohadquietly___14___.Ibelieve,____15___,thatImethimonemoretime.TwoyearslaterIwastravelingdowntheZambeziagain.Being____16____obviouslyremindedmeofwhathadhappened.Thenjustasweweregoingpastthe____17____placeintheriver,ahugehipposuddenlyappeared.I____18____soloudlythatthosewithmesaidthey’dneverheardanythinglikeit.Hewentbackunderthewaterandwasnever____19____again.I’msureIhad____20____thesamehippo,stilljustasangry.1.A.admittedB.expectedC.decidedD.promised2.A.angerB.sorrowC.dangerD.surprise3.A.roadB.gameC.tourD.bridge4.A.knocked intoB.jumped offC.took overD.passed by5.A.visitorB.fishermanC.guideD.boat6.A.slowlyB.suddenlyC.finallyD.hardly7.A.holdB.tieC.shakeD.free8.A.realizedB.pretendedC.imaginedD.remembered9.A.regrettedB.refusedC.triedD.failed10.A.driveB.walkC.runD.swim11.A.fellB.struckC.changedD.missed12.A.wonderingB.askingC.suggestingD.predicting13.A.In additionB.On purposeC.By chanceD.As usual14.A.diedB.sleptC.arrivedD.disappeared15.A.thusB.thoughC.insteadD.even16.A.thereB.awayC.outD.around17.A.sameB.wrongC.strangeD.quiet18.A.coughedB.sangC.laughedD.shouted19.A.trackedB.trainedC.seenD.caught20.A.examinedB.recognizedC.mentionedD.noticed第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Repeatingsomethingcanmakethatthingmusical-eventhesoundofashovel（铁铲）beingdraggedacrosstheroad.Music①_____（include）alotofrepetition.It'shardtoimaginewhatyourfavoritesongwouldbe②_____achorus（副歌）Buttheconnectionrunsevendeeperthanthat.Afewyearsback,psychologistsattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego，③_____（discover）whenwordsorphrasesarerepeatedafewtimes,theycanstarttosound第16页共16页,④_____（much）likesingingthanspeaking.Thesoundsastheyappeartoyouarenotonlydifferentfromthosethatarereallypresent,buttheysometimesbehaveso⑤_____（strange）astoseemquiteimpossible.Theeffectisperhapsnotentirely⑥_____（surprise）.Talkingandsingingarebothformsofvocalcommunication.Butresearchersgottowondering:couldrepetitionalsomusicalizeother⑦_____（type）ofsounds？Sotheycollectedclipsof20different⑧_____（environment）sounds,includingwaterdripping,icecracking,whalescallingandsoon.⑨_____theyfoundisthatastherepeatsaccumulated,theparticipantsratedthesoundsasbeingmoretuneful.Repetition'spowertomusicalizeseemstoextendto⑩_____broadervarietyofsoundsthanjustspeech.第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文 中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Howisitgoing?HearingthatyouhavetroublemakesmalltalkwithstrangersinChina,I’dliketoofferyoumyadvices.Firstly,itisnormaltofeelabitofnervouswhenapproachingsomeonenew.Everyonegetslittleshyfirst;afterall,youdon’tknowhowthepersonislike.Theonlywaywastogetoverbeingshyandapproachus.Secondly,Chinesepeople,especiallyyoungsters,aregeneralfriendly,kindandenthusiastic.Youcantalkaboutalmosteverythingrangefromsports,filmstars,hotmoviestomusic.Thirdly,therearesomesensitivetopicssuchlikeage,weightandincome,whichshouldbeavoided.第二节书面表达（满分25分）假定你是李华,现得知北京冬奥会需要招募一批志愿者服务外宾。请给组委会写一封信申请参加该活动。内容要点如下:1.表达意愿;2.个人优势;3.其他。注意:1.词数100左右;第16页共16页,2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。DearSir/Madam,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第16页共16页,答案以及解析第一部分阅读理解第一节A答案：1-3CAD解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Passionateaboutanimalsandwonderingwhatazookeeper'sdayislike?DenverZoo'sTeenVolunteerProgram,ZooCrew.mightbetheplaceforyou!”(对动物充满热情,想知道动物园管理员的一天是怎样的?丹佛动物园的青少年志愿者计划，动物园工作人员，可能是适合你的地方！）可知，这个项目主要是为了让青少年了解一个动物园管理员夏天的生活。故选C。 2.细节理解题。根据第三段“Teenvolunteers:75hoursofservicepersummer(JunethroughAugust)withseveralshiftseachmonth.”(青少年志愿者：每年夏天（6月至8月）服务75小时，每月轮班。）可知，所有动物园志愿者应该每月轮班。故选A。 3.细节理解题。根据第六段“SummerSafari:assistcampinstructorswithgames,zootours,andeducationalactivities.”(夏季狩猎旅行：协助夏令营指导员进行游戏、动物园游览和教育活动。）可知，JuniorCrew在这个项目当中能够得到常规指导。故选D。B答案：1.C;2.D;3.B;4.B解析：1.细节理解题.根据第一段Ashegrewup,Augustuslikedracinghisfriendsaroundtheblock,buyingcandiesatthestore,especiallydrawing-drawingpicturesoftheshoemakersathisfather'sshoeshop.可知,奥古斯都小时候喜欢画他父亲工人的照片.故选C.2.细节理解题.根据第一段Hebeganasanapprenticetoacameocutteroutofstoneandshell,andcarvedcameosofpeople,lions,andeventheheadofHerculesfromGreekmythology,whentheCivilWarhadjustbegun.可知,奥古斯都他作为一名学徒学到了很多,并且雕刻了许多精美的作品,最终成为了雕塑家.故选D.3.细节理解题.根据第四段in1900,aged52,以及第五段In1905,PresidentTheodoreRooseveltrequestedthatAugustusredesignAmericancoins-toconveythestrengthofthenation.可知,罗斯福请奥古斯都重新设计美国硬币时,他57岁.故选B.4.主旨大意题.阅读全文,根据文章内容可知,本文主要讲述了卓越的雕塑家奥古斯都的生活经历.故选B.C答案：1-4ADDC解析：1.词句猜测题。划线词句前半部分“Astudyof8differentexperimentsshowedthatourbrainstendtopreferaddition(一项由8个不同实验组成的研究表明，我们的大脑更倾向于选择增加）”以及后半部分“whenitcomestofindingsolutions—inmanycases,itseemswejust第16页共16页,don'tconsiderthestrategyoftakingsomethingawayatall(在寻找解决方案时，在很多情况下，我们似乎根本没有考虑过减掉某样东西的策略。）”说明在寻找解决方案时，人们的大脑更倾向于选择增加而没有考虑减掉某样东西的策略，从而推知划线部分“ratherthansubtraction(而不是subtraction)”其中划线词汇应为“减掉”的意思，选项A“消除”与之意义最为接近。故选A项。 2.推理判断题。根据第二段“Theresearchersfoundthatthispreferenceforaddingwasnoticeableinthreesituationsinparticular:whenpeoplewereunderhighercognitive(认知的)load,whentherewaslesstimetoconsidertheotheroptions,andwhenvolunteersdidn'tgetaspecificreminderthatsubtractingwasanoption.(研究人员发现，这种选择增加的偏好在以下三种情况下尤为明显：当人们的认知负荷较高时，当人们没有时间考虑其他选择时，当志愿者没有得到明确的提示，减除是一种选项时。）”中“whentherewaslesstimetoconsidertheotheroptions”可推知，当人们没有时间考虑其他选择，需要匆忙决定时，人们更喜欢选择增加。故选D项。 3.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inoneoftheexperiments,participantswereaskedtoimproveaLegostructuresothatitwasabletotakemoreweight.(在其中一个实验中，参与者被要求改进Lego积木的结构，使其能够承受更多的重量。）”可知，实验要求参与者稳定Lego积木结构。故选D项。 4.主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Ourbrainsmightfindadditivechangeseasiertoprocessperhaps,orwemightbeassociatingaddingwithideasofsomethingthat'sbiggerandthereforebetterinoursubconscious.Theremightalsobeassociationsinourmindswiththecurrentstatusbeingsomethingthatneedstobemaintainedasmuchaspossible-—andtakingsomethingawayisarguablymoredestructivetothecurrentstatusthanaddingsomethingnew.(我们的大脑可能会发现增加的变化更容易处理，或者我们可能会在潜意识中将增加与更大更好的想法联系起来。在我们的脑海中可能还会有这样的联想：当前的状态是需要尽可能多地保持的，而拿走一些东西可能比增加一些新东西对当前的状态更具破坏性。）”可知，本段主要讲了大脑喜欢增加的原因。故选C项。D答案：1.C;2.C;3.B;4.A解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容"Thepoliticalandeconomiccriseswhichfollowedhavelongdelayedtheplan,butcurrentpresident,JokoWidodo,nowappearsdeterminedtomakethemoveareality.ThegovernmentofficiallyconfirmedthatthecapitalwillbemovedfromJakartatoanewlocationwithinKalimantan,partoftheislandofBorneoinIndonesia.第16页共16页,(随后发生的政治和经济危机使该计划推迟了很长时间,但现任总统佐科•维多多现在似乎决心让这一行动成为现实。政府官方证实,首都将从雅加达迁至加里曼丹的新地点,加里曼丹是印尼婆罗洲岛的一部分。)"可知,政府的新计划是将进行迁都,首都将从雅加达迁至加里曼丹的新地点。故选C项。2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容"Anumberoffactorsarelikelytohaveinfluencedthedecisiontoforgeaheadwiththemove,butitseemslikelythatJakarta'senvironmentalproblemsarechiefamongthem.(可能有许多因素影响了推进这一行动的决定,但雅加达的环境问题似乎是其中的主要因素。)"可知,雅加达的环境问题是推动"迁都"这一行动的主要因素,由此可推知,为寻求更好的居住环境,政府做了这一决定。故选C项。3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容"SomeenvironmentalgroupsareconcernedthatthechosenlocationinEastKalimantanwillincreaselogginganddestructionofnearbyforests,hometoorangutansandotherendangeredspecies.(一些环保组织担心,在东加里曼丹选定的地点将增加伐木和对附近森林的破坏,那里是猩猩和其他濒危物种的家园。)"可知,一些人担心迁都至东加里曼丹的地点会导致林木砍伐,造成对森林,对猩猩和其他濒危动物栖息地的破坏,以致于破坏当地的生态系统。故选B项。4.标题归纳题。通读文章内容可知,文章的首段内容"Thepoliticalandeconomiccriseswhichfollowedhavelongdelayedtheplan,butcurrentpresident,JokoWidodo,nowappearsdeterminedtomakethemoveareality.ThegovernmentofficiallyconfirmedthatthecapitalwillbemovedfromJakartatoanewlocationwithinKalimantan,partoftheislandofBorneoinIndonesia.(随后发生的政治和经济危机使该计划推迟了很长时间,但现任总统佐科•维多多现在似乎决心让这一行动成为现实。政府官方证实,首都将从雅加达迁至加里曼丹的新地点,加里曼丹是印尼婆罗洲岛的一部分。)"揭示了文章的中心话题"迁都",即,文章主要围绕印尼政府要将首都迁至新地点,并在后文分析了其原因在于现首都雅加达的环境问题以及一些人对此存在的争议。选项A"Movetonew.(搬到新首都。)"符合文章主题。故选A项。第二节答案：ECFGB解析：①细节理解题，根据后文Youmayhavejustreadthetext,buttheideas,conceptsandimages(形象）mayflyrightoutofyourhead.你可能已经阅读文字，但思想、概念和图象可能会从你的脑中飞出，这说明有时候记忆是很麻烦的，故选E. ②细节理解题,根据前文iftheplot,characters,orwordusageisconfusingforyou,youlikelywon'tbeabletorememberwhatyouread.可知如果你的故事情节、人物或词汇用法让你感到困惑，你可能不会记得你读到的东西，可知此处应填“这有点像阅读外语”，故选C. ③细节理解题，根据前文Withsomebooks,youmayfeelaconnectionrightaway.可知有了一些书，你可能马上感觉到一种联系，但是其他的书需要你做更多的工作，故选F.④细节理解题，根据前文He'dmakefacesinthemirror,andchangehisvoiceforeach第16页共16页,character.他会在镜子里做鬼脸，为每个角色改变自己的声音，你读课文时也能做同样的事，故选G. ⑤细节理解题，根据前文Howoftendoyouread?Ifyoureadfrequently,you'lllikelyhaveaneasiertimewithrememberingwhatyou'rereadingandwhatyou'veread.你多久看一次书?如果你经常阅读，你可能会更容易记住你所读的内容和你曾经读过的内容，可知此处是告诉我们孰能生巧，故选B.第二部分语言知识运用第一节答案：1-5BCCAD6-10BDACD11-15BACDB16-20AADCB解析：1.考查动词.admitted承认；expected预期；decided决定；promised答应，根据前文Itstartedoutasjustanordinarydayatwork.可知我从来没想到过几个小时内我会有很大的危险.故选B. 2.考查名词.anger愤怒；sorrow悲伤；danger危险；surprise惊喜，我从来没想到过几个小时内我会有很大的危险.故选C. 3.考查名词.road道路；game游戏；tour旅游；bridge桥梁，太阳下山了，一天晚上我们正要结束旅行，突然有什么东西撞到了船上，故选C. 4.考查短语.knockedinto撞到；jumpedoff跳下；tookover接管；passedby路过，根据前文Thesunwassettingandwewerereachingtheend可知太阳下山了，一天晚上我们正要结束旅行，突然有什么东西撞到了船上.故选A. 5.考查名词.visitor访客；fisherman渔夫；guide指南；boat船，以为是另一艘船，我转身推开它，突然一切都变暗了.故选D. 6.考查副词.slowly慢慢地；suddenly突然；finally最后；hardly几乎没有，以为是另一艘船，我转身推开它，突然一切都变暗了.故选B. 7.考查动词.hold保持；tie系；shake摇动；free松开，根据后文Thesunwassettingandwewerereachingtheend可知我设法松开一只手，摸摸四周—我的手碰到了河马的鼻子.故选D. 8.考查动词，realized意识到；pretended假装；imagined想象；remembered记住，直到那时，我才意识到我在水下，我的上身实际上在河马的嘴里！我尽我所能地移动；故选A. 9.考查动词.regretted后悔；refused拒绝；tried尝试过；failed失败，根据前文Iwasunderwater,myupperbodyactuallyinthehippo'smouth！可知直到那时，我才意识到我在水下，我的上身实际上在河马的嘴里！我尽我所能地移动；故选C. 10.考查动词.drive驱动；walk步行；run跑步；swim游泳，当他张开嘴，我设法游走了.故选D. 11.考查动词.fell跌倒；struck打击；changed更改；missed错过，但几秒钟后，他又打中了我，把我拉下水.故选B. 第16页共16页,12.考查动词.wondering疑惑；asking询问；suggesting建议；predicting预测，我记得我抬头望着水面，想知道我们中谁能憋得住他最久的呼吸.故选A. 13.考查介词短语.Inaddition另外；Onpurpose故意的；Bychance偶然；Asusual像往常一样，根据后文amedicalteamwasnearbyandtheyhelpedmetoreachahospital.可知一个偶然的机会，一个医疗队在附近，他们帮助我到达一家医院.故选C. 14.考查动词.died死亡；slept睡着；arrived到达；disappeared消失，与此同时，河马已经悄悄地消失了.故选D.15.考查副词.thus因此；though尽管；instead相反；even甚至，不过，我相信我又见过他一次.故选B. 16.考查副词.there那里；away离开；out出去；around周围，在那里显然让我想起了发生的事.故选A. 17.考查形容词.same相同；wrong错的；strange奇怪的；quiet安静，根据后文ahugehipposuddenlyappeared.可知当我们经过河中的同一个地方时，一只巨大的河马突然出现了，故选A. 18.考查动词.coughed咳嗽；sang唱；laughed笑了；shouted喊道，我大声喊道，那些和我在一起的人说他们从来没有听到过这样的声音.故选D. 19.考查动词.tracked跟踪；trained受过训练；seen看见；caught抓到，根据前文Hewentbackunderthewater可知他回到水下，再也没有人看见他.故选C. 20.考查动词.examined检查；recognized公认；mentioned提及；noticed注意到，我肯定我认出了同一只河马，仍然很生气.故选B.第二节答案：①includes②without③discovered④more⑤strangely⑥surprising⑦types⑧environmental⑨What⑩a解析：①考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：音乐中有很多重复。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语music为第三人称单数。故填includes。 ②考查介词。句意：很难想象没有副歌你最喜欢的歌会是什么样子。根据“It'shardtoimaginewhatyourfavoritesongwouldbe”可知，此处是指没有副歌你最喜欢的歌会是什么样子，应用介词without表示“没有”。故填without。 ③考查一般过去时。句意：几年前，圣地亚哥加利福尼亚大学的心理学家发现，当单词或短语重复几次时，它们可以开始听起来更像唱歌而不是说话。根据“Afewyearsback”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填discovered. ④考查比较级。句意：几年前，圣地亚哥加利福尼亚大学的心理学家发现，当单词或短语重复几次时，它们可以开始听起来更像唱歌而不是说话。根据“thanspeaking”可知，此处应用比较级。故填more。 第16页共16页,⑤考查副词。句意：在你看来，这些声音不仅与真实存在的声音不同，而且有时表现得非常奇怪，似乎不可能。修饰动词behave应用副词strangely表示“奇怪地”作状语。故填strangely。 ⑥考查形容词。句意：这种影响或许并不完全令人惊讶。表示effect的性质应用形容词surprising表示“令人惊讶的”作表语。故填surprising. ⑦考查名词复数。句意：但研究人员开始怀疑：重复也能使其他类型的声音音乐化吗？type意为“类型”，为可数名词，在other后应用复数形式。故填types。 ⑧考查形容词。句意：所以他们收集了20种不同环境声音的片段，包括滴水声、冰裂声、鲸鱼叫声等等。修饰名词sounds应用形容词environmental表示“环境的”作定语。故填environmental。 ⑨考查名词性从句。句意：他们发现，随着重复次数的积累，参与者认为这些声音更加悦耳。在主语从句中缺少found的宾语，根据“thatastherepeatsaccumulated,theparticipantsratedthesoundsasbeingmoretuneful”可知，此处应用连接代词what表示“什么”。句首首字母应大写。故填What。 ⑩考查冠词。句意：重复的音乐化能力似乎延伸到了比言语更广泛的声音。avarietyof意为“各种各样的”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用冠词a.故填a。第三部分写作第一节短文改错答案：Howisitgoing?HearingthatyouhavetroublesmalltalkwithstrangersinChina,I’dliketoofferyoumy.Firstly,itisnormaltofeelabitnervouswhenapproachingsomeonenew.Everyonegetslittleshyfirst;afterall,youdon’tknowthepersonislike.Theonlywaytogetoverbeingshyandapproach.Secondly,Chinesepeople,especiallyyoungsters,arefriendly,kindandenthusiastic.Youcantalkaboutalmosteverythingfromsports,filmstars,hotmoviestomusic.Thirdly,therearesomesensitivetopicssuchage,weightandincome,whichshouldbeavoided.解析：1.第二句make改为making。考查固定搭配havetrouble(in)doingsth.。2.第二句advices改为advice。advice为不可数名词，故不用复数形式。3.第三句去掉abit后的of。abit表示“有点儿”，修饰形容词或副词;abitof后接名词。4.第四句中get后加a。alittle表示“有点儿”。第16页共16页,5.第五句how改为what。根据上下文语境表示某人怎么样，应用Whatsb.belike句型，故应改为what。6.第六句was改为is。考查时态的用法。7.第六句us改成them。根据句意，应该是主动靠近他们。8.第七句general改为generally。修饰形容词用副词。9.第八句range改成ranging。谓语动词和非谓语动词的误用，此处应为非谓语动词做后置定语。10.第九句like改成as。本处考查固定搭配，表示部分列举用suchas。第二节书面表达答案：DearSir/Madam,    I’mLiHua,asenior3studentwhoisgoodatoralEnglish.Learningthatyou’rerecruitingvolunteersforBeijingWinterOlympics,I’mwritingtoapplyfortheposition.    IthinkI’masuitablealternativeandthereasonsareasfollows.Tobeginwith,I’mhealthyandhard-working,whichmeansIcanbearhardshipsandstandhardwork.What’smore,I’moutgoingandoptimistic,thusmakingiteasyformetogetalongwellwithothers.Moreimportantly,IhavesuchagoodcommandofEnglishandChineseculturethatIhavenodifficultycommunicatingwithforeigners.IfeelittheverythingIliketododuringthewintervacation.    I’dappreciateitifyoucouldoffermethechance,andIwilldefinitelydevotemyselftotallytoit.Yours,LiHua第16页共16页