2022年高考英语二轮复习：短文改错解题技巧（实用！）

2022年高考英语二轮复习：短文改错解题技巧短文改错口诀动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连词常光顾详解：一、动词形：主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。动词形常见错误：1）一般过去时与一般现在时错用。2）第三人称单数形式错用。第三人称单数：Is/was2）and，but,or,also前后动词时态不一致。(具有对称性）4）主谓不一致。5）缺少谓语动词1.主谓宾结构缺少be动词2、主系表结构（am/is/are/was/were）6）主动语态与被动语态错用wash-iswashed7）Usedto的运用错误例如：　Myfavoritesportarefootball.(is)　　Nowmypictureandprizeishanginginthelibrary.(are)二、名词数：指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。改正方法：１）根据名词前的修饰限定成份．２）根据上下文的逻辑关系．例如：　　…sothatI’llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.(subjects)三、还要注意形和副：注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。命题特点及改正方法：第13页共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。根据adj或adv的基本用法确定错误；修饰系动词(am/is/are/was/were)或名词用形容词；修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。例如：I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.(wonderful)　　Unfortunate,therearetoomanypeopleinmyfamily.(Unfortunately)三、非谓语，细辨别：这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。1）不定式todo2）动名词doing作主语、宾语3）and连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时）4）现在分词和过去分词的区别等例如：…inmysparetime,butnowIaminterestinginfootball.(interested)　　Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalso…(playing)　　Myparentsloveme…andwilldoalltheycan∧makesure…(to)四、习惯用法要记住：主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如：　　Itwasverykindforthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationand…(of)　　Wemustkeepinmindthatweplayfortheteaminstead∧ourselves.(of)五、句子成分多分析：不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：　　They∧eagertoknoweverythingaboutChinaand…(were)　　IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.(which)第13页共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 七、逻辑错误须关注：与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。例如：　　TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.(their)　　…nowayofsettingthematterexceptbysellingtheset.Nowsomeoneathomereadsinstead.(everyone)八、冠词连词常光顾：常考的错误形式有：连词but，and，or和so的用法错误，以及冠词的用法错误等。 四不改:　①标点符号不改。　②大小写不改。　③词序错误不改（不是不改，而是按错词或少词来改)。　④在纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错短文改错具体考点详解考点1.名词命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数.改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.详解：1.Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedmesuccess.2.Afterclasswebecomestrangeratonce.3.TheywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatI’llgetmarksinallmysubject.4.OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful.5.Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhilestudyingatschool.6.Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.第13页共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 7.Ilookedathisotherhands.考点2.代词命题特点：1.女性代词指代男性或相反；2.单数指代复数；3.代词词性误用。改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。代词的错误特点：1.人称代词的偷换错误2.缺少人称代词的错误3.人称代词数的一致问题4.人称代词格的一致问题详解：8.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.9.Ihaveagoodfriendwho’snameisLiuMei.10.Itwasaboutnoonwhenwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.Thethreeofthemwereveryexcited.11.SoonIbegantoenjoytalkingtomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.12.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.13.Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.14.Itookitinmeandwewalked.考点3.介词命题特点及改正方法：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；2）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如talk,,serve,wait等。介词的错误：介词短语常常考，固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语，结合语境细推敲。详解：15.Wedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.16.IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.17.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish.18.We’lltalkwithourplanfortheweekendoverdinner.19.Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.20.Hewaslookingforaglassthecupboard.第13页共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 21.Eachtheselinesstandsforatroubleinmylife. 考点4时态命题特点及改正方法：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。详解：22.Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkathome;theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothat---23.Thetimepassesquickly.Eveningcame.24.Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.25.Idon’tknowthattheydon’tliketotalkwithme.Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass.26.Iwillwriteagainandsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.27.WehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayedinaB&Bhotelago.考点5.andutor误用及前后不一致命题特点：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。However与although/though不能同时出现改正方法；1）根据句意确定误；2）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。详解：28.Sheissmilingatmebutnoddingatme.29.Itlooksasifmyparentstreatmeasavisitorandaguest.30.Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewasgood.31.Icameintothelivingroomandsawoneofthemjustgothroughthekitchendoorbutturnonthelight.32.Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.33.Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.考点6.从句连词第13页共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。平行结构常使用等立连词and,but,or或连词词组notonly…butalso…,either…or…,neither…nor…遵循就近原则。主语+With,togetherwith,aswellas,besides，动词与主语一致and，but,or,also前后动词时态不一致。(具有对称性）详解：34.Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.35.Idon’tknowthattheydon’tliketotalkwithme.36.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateeverythingintoEnglish.37.Whatthingsareinotherhomes,Iwonder.38.Earningtheirownmoneyallowsthemtospendonanythingasiftheyplease.39.Theydidnotwantbreakfastbecausethattheyweregoingoutearlyinthemorning.考点7.冠词命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。详解：40.Aseveryoneknows,it’sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.41.Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,but---42.OnThursdayIwillhavetodecidewhatIwanttodooveraweekend.43.Ihopeyou’vehadpleasantjourneyhome考点8.形容词和副词第13页共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。详解：44.Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly.45.TherehavebeenreportsinAmericaaboutpeopletryingtostealpersoninformationforbadpurposes.46.FindinginformationontheNetiseasily.47.SowhatIlearnedfromthejobwasmuchmoreimportantaswhatIearned.48.Mypronunciationwasterribly.49.Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.考点9.非谓语动词命题特点改正方法：1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。详解：50.Earningtheirownmoneyallowthemtospendonanythingastheyplease.51.MyparentswilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.52.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.53.Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.54.Somestudentsmayalsotosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.第13页共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 答案1（schoolmate改为schoolmates）2（stranger改为strangers）3（subject改为subjects）4（picture改为pictures）5（advantage改为advantages）6（ideas改为idea）7（hands改为hand）8(his改为their)9(who’s改为whose)10（them改为us）11（me改为myself）12（showed后加it）13（our改为their）14（me改为mine）15去掉about）16.（去掉at）17（去掉was后的in）18（with改为about）19（with改为for）20（glass后加in）21（each后加of）22（did改为do）23（passes改为passed）24（reads改为read）25（talked改为talk）26.（take改为took）27.（have改为had）28.（but改为and）29.（and改为or）30（and改为but）31（but改为and）32（visiting改为visited）33（reads改为read）34（noon后加when）35（that改为why）36（去掉that前的in）37（What改为How）38（去掉if）39（去掉that）40（famous前加a）41（a改为the）42（a改为the）43（had后加a）44（quietly改为quiet）45（person改为personal）46（easily改为easy）47（as改为than）48（terribly改为terrible）49（lately改为late）50（allow改为allows）51（make前加to）52（talk改为talking）53（visiting改为visited）54（去掉to）英语短文改错典型练习(一)WhenIwalkedintotheclassroom,theteacherwashandinginthetests.Iwasfeelingverynervous.Ihadstudied atallattheweekendasIhadthoughtitwouldbeeasytest. IwentthroughthetestformanytimesbutIcouldonlyanswer  threeoutfromthetwentyquestions.Ididnotwanttofailtheexam.Then,Iputmybookundermydesk,openingit andstartedlookingfortheanswer.Theteacherwasn’t lookingatme,butIcopiedsomething.Suddenly,Ifeltahand onmyshoulder!Theteachercaughtmecheating.Idon’tknowwhattosay.Luckily,theteacherdidnotpunishfor cheatingbutinsteadgavemeasecondchance.第13页共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 （二）Ihaveagoodfriendwho’snameisLiuMei.Sheisour monitorandoneoftheexcellentstudentsinourclass.  Cleverassheis,butshewordsveryhard.Wehavea lotoncommonandhavealottotalk.Oneeveningshe toldmethatsomethinghappenedwhenherparentswasout.ShewasdoingherhomeworksoneSundaymorningwhen shesmeltsomethingburning.Shestoppedlookoutofthewindowandfindacloudofsmokecomingoutofherneighbor’shouse.Shecalled119immediate.Tenminuteslater,thefiremencameandputoutfire.Herneighbor wasverythankfulforherhelp.（三）Ioftendreamof ateacher,Idreamofstandingontheplatformintheclassroomandgivelessonstolovelyboysandgirls.Iteachthem,playwiththem,butwatchthemgrowingup.IamalwaysyoungwhenIwasstayingwiththem.Iknowthereisnoteasytobeateacher.You havetolearninordertoteach.Withoutenoughknowledges,youcanneverlearnwell.Whatismore,youhavetobefriendswithyourpupilsandtakegoodcareofhim. Onlyinthiswaycanyoubegoodteacherandwinrespectfromthem.ThoughIamastudentnow,Iwillworkasveryhardtomakemydreamcometrue.（四）Itisapleasureformetowritethislettertotellhowmuch Ienjoyedmystayinyourwholefamilylastweek.ThiswasmyfirstvisittoaEnglishfamily.Atfirst,Iwasworriedaboutmy poorEnglish.AndwhenIsawyourwifeandchildrenwaitingformewithwarmsmileofwelcomeontheirfaces.Iimmediatelyknewthateverythingwouldbeallright.TherearemanymorehappymemoriesoftheweekthatIwillkeepthemwithmeforever.Iparticularlyenjoyeddrivingthroughthecountrysidewithyouandsawthe changingcolorsoftheleavesonthetrees.Ialsolikethe fishingtrip.Itwassuchmuchfun.（五）IstillremembermymiddleschoollifeinTianjinyet.IwastheninaschoolforstudentsfromTibet.Aswewerealllefthomeatearlyage,wemetlotsofproblemsinourdailylife.We hadtodothewashing,cleaningandshoppingbyus.However,第13页共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 weseldomfeltlonelyorhelplessly.Weenjoyedourhappylife.Atweekends,wewouldplaybasketball,swimminginthepool,orgoforapicnic.Wewerelivinginabigfamily.Wetreateachotherasbrothersandsisters.Ifanyoneofyouhadany difficultyinourlifeandstudy,theotherwouldhelphimout.Ithasbeenfiveyearswhenwegraduated,butthosememories areassweetaseverbefore.（六）Duringthesummerof2001,IstartedreadbooksinEnglish,mostlystories.Iwouldlearnalotofnew wordsfromthesebooks,butIhadterriblyproblemsmemorizingthem.Ihadtolookuptothesamewordmanytimes,forwhichwasquitetroublesome.Irealized Idoneedawaytorememberallthisvocabulary.Itwas agreatachievementformyself.IstartedwritingdownwordsfrombooksthatIread.Iwouldcomebackfrom school,andthensitforanhourandtwo.Iwrotedownnewwordsandaddedittomycollection.Bytheendoflastyear,mycollectionhasgrownto3,000words.（七）Thisisastorytoldbymyfather:“WhenIwasboy,   themostexcitingthingwaswhentocelebratetheSpringFestival.Mygrandmawasthebestcookerintheworld butcouldmakethemostdeliciousdishes.Onetime,Ijust couldn’twaitfortheSpringFestivaldinner.AsIwas abouttakeapiecefromacookedduck,IsawGrandmainthekitchenlookingatme.Shakeherhead,shesaid,‘It isn’tagoodtimetodothat,dear.’AtonceIapologize andcontrolledmeatmybesttillthedinnerstarted.Youknow,thatwasadinnerwehadwaitedforseveralmonth.”（八）Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhile studyatschool.Oneofthemwasthat theycanearnmoney.Forthemostpart,studentsworkingtoearnmoneyfortheirown use.Earningtheirownmoneyallowthem tospendonanythingasiftheyplease.Theywouldhavetoasktheirparentsformoneyorforpermissiontodothingsby  themoney.Somestudentsmayalsotosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.第13页共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 （九）DearMr.Brown,Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.  Beforeyoucametoteachus,Ihadnotinterestin English.Mypronunciationwasterribly.Icouldonlyspeakafewwords.Butoneandahalfyearlater. InowthinkEnglishfuntolearn.Igotalotoffromyour encouragingwords.Iwillalwaysrememberwhatyou said,“Ifyoutryto,youcanbeNo.1!”Ihopeyou’vehadpleasantjourneyhomeandwillcometoChina againsometimesinthefuture.Iwillwriteagain andsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.Yourssincerely,LiMin（十）Dearfriends,Itisrealagoodchancetohavemetallofyouhere. Wehavespentseveralpreciousweekendinlearninginthe EnglishClub.Althoughwehavebeenmemberforashort periodoftime,wehavemadeagreatprogress.Thatisbecauseweareallverymuchactiveandtheactivitiesarenotonlyenjoyableandalsohelpful,Besides,theforeignteachershereworkhardandtryhisbesttomaketheactivitieslivelyandinterested.IamverypleasedtosaythatallofusgreatlyimprovedourspokenEnglishsofar.Iamlookingforwardtoseeallofyouagaininthenearfuture!Thankyou.第13页共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 专练答案 （一）第一行：in改为out 第二行：had后加not第三行：easy前加an；去掉for 第四行：from改为of 第五行：opening改为opened；answer改为answers  第六行：but改为so 第七行：don’t改为didn’t  第八行：punish后加me       （二）第一行：who’s改为whose.第二行：去but第三行：on改为in；talk后加about第四行：was改为were；homeworks改为homework第五行：stopped后加to第六行：find改为found第七行：immediate改为immediately第八行：去掉the（三）第一行：dream后加being/becoming第二行：give改为giving；but改为and 第三行：was改为am；there改为it 第四行：knowledges改为knowledge/learning第五行：learn改为teach第六行：him改为them；be后加a第七行：去掉as（四）第一行：me改为you第二行：in改为with；a改为an第三行：But/Yet第四行：smile改为smiles第五行：去more第六行：去掉them第七行：saw改为seeing第八行：like改为liked；such改为so                    .（五）第一行：去yet.第二行：去were；early前加an第三行：us改为ourselves第四行；helpless第五行：swimming改为swim第六行：treat改为treated；you改为us第七行：other改为others；when改为since（六）第一行：read改为reading，或前加to第二行：terribly改为terrible.第三行：去掉to；去掉for第四行：do改为did第五行：myself改为me；books前加the第六行：and改为or第七行：it改为them第八行：has改为had（七）第一行：boy前加a.第二行：去掉when；cooker改为cook第13页共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 第三行：but改为and；第四行：wait后加for；take前加to第五行：Shake改为Shaking第六行：apologize改为apologized；me改为myself第八行：month改为months（八）第一行：advantage改为advantages；study改为studying第二行：was改为is    第三行：working改为work第四行：allow改为allows；去掉if第五行：would后加not第六行：by改为with；去掉to第七行：our改为their                                   (九)第一行：with改为for第二行：not改为no；terribly改为terrible第三行：year改为years；English后加is第四行：去掉of第五行：去掉to；pleasant前加a第六行：sometimes改为sometime第七行：take改为took(十)第一行：real改为really第二行：weekend改为weekends第三行：member改为members；去掉第二个a第四行：去掉much第五行：and改为but；his改为their第六行：interested改为interesting第七行：greatly前加have；see改为seeing第13页共13页学科网（北京）股份有限公司