2022年高考英语语法复习：表语从句 同位语从句 知识点讲解与练习题汇编（Word版，含答案）

2022年高考英语语法复习：表语从句+同位语从句知识点讲解与练习题汇编一、考频分析年份宾语从句主语从句表语从句同位语从句定语从句总分2021010001.52020000011.52019000101.52018000011.52017000011.52016000011.52015000011.5总结：2019年之前，每年的语法填空必考定语从句；从2019年开始定语从句和名词性从句隔年考。二、知识讲解【表语从句】一、定义   在句中充当表语的从句(即放在系动词后面)叫做表语从句二、用法1)  that引导的表语从句that为从属连词，不充当任何成分，无词义，只起引导作用，在非正式语体中that也可以省略，表示确定的陈述，位于从句句首。Myadviceisthatweshouldsetoffearlier.Theansweristheydidn’tcallmeJim.2)  whether引导的表语从句whether为从属连词，不充当任何成分，有词义，只起引导作用，在非正式语体中是可以省略的，表示不确定的陈述，位于从句句首。   Thequestioniswhetherweshouldaccepthisinvitation.3)   疑问词或连接词引导的表语从句 疑问词或连接词为代词或副词，充当成分，有词义，一般不省略，表示疑问或陈述，位于从句句首。 That’swhyweputoffthemeeting.第8页共8页,注1：reason后跟表语从句时，一般只用that而不用because/why引导。  eg:Thereasonwhyhecamelateyesterdaywasthathewasillathome.注2：一些从属连词as/asif/asthough/because/why也可引导表语从句。Thingswerenotastheyseemedtobe.Itlookedasifitwasgoingtorain.That’sbecausehedidn’tworkhardforthecompany.That’swhyIaskedforaweek’sleave.三、使用虚拟语气的表语从句  在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal，plan，idea等 e.g.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.四、常用句型：主语+be+表语从句①代词+be+表语从句It/This/That+be+表语从句eg.ThisiswhatIwant.这就是我想要的东西。ThatisbecauseIlackmoney.那是因为我缺钱。②名词+be+表语从句eg.KnowledgeiswhatIlongfor.知识就是我渴望的东西。Thereasonwasthatshegotuplate.有改错题时：Thereasonwasbecauseshegotuplate.(because→that)=Thatisbecauseshegotuplate.③名词+定语从句+be+表语从句eg.KnowledgethatisusefuliswhatIlongfor.有用的知识就是我渴望的东西。④主语从句+be+表语从句（小作文高分表达）eg.WhatisusefuliswhatIlongfor.有用的东西就是我渴望的。WhatIhopeisthatyoucanacceptmyinvitation.第8页共8页,【同位语从句】一、定义：同位语从句是对中心词具体内容的解释和说明。中心词一般是news,fact,idea,information,conclusion,problem,suggestion,evidence,belief,promise等抽象名词。注：分隔式/间隔式同位语从句：若主句的谓语较短，同位语从句较长，通常把同位语从句后置，从而构成分隔式/间隔式同位语从句。这时，要根据语意并仔细分析句子结构，才能做出准确判断。Whenthenewscamethatthewarbrokeout,hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.二、用法1) that引导的同位语从句 that为从属连词，引导同位语从句时，that不充当任何成分，无词义，只起引导作用，一般不省略，表示确定的陈述。   eg:Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.2) whether引导的同位语从句whether为从属连词，不充当任何成分，有词义，只起引导作用，一般不省略，表示不确定的陈述。eg:Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsonsituation.Hewastorturedbythedoubtwhetherhewouldaccepttheirpresents.3)疑问词或连接词引导的同位语从句 疑问词或连接词为代词或副词，充当成分，有词义，一般不省略，表示疑问或陈述。eg:Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.     三、常见的同位语从句高级句型 (1)Thereisnodenyingthat+主语+谓语……(不可否认的……)  e.g.Thereisnodenyingthatthequalitiesofourlivinghavegonefrombadtoworse.(2)Thereisnodoubtthat从句(毫无疑问的……)  e.g.Thereisnodoubtthatoureducationalsystemleavessomethingtobedesired.注意：Thereissomedoubt+when/whether/what/where/who…不可以用that四、同位语从句和定语从句的区别(1)从句的作用不同：①第8页共8页,定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。②同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.e.g.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed. (定语从句)   WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain. (同位语从句)(2)被修饰的词不同：①定语从句的先行词是任何名词都可以；②同位语从句的中心词只能是抽象名词（无法用化学符号表示），常见news,truth,fact,idea,information,conclusion,problem,suggestion,evidence,belief,promise等。(4)引导词不同：定语从句的引导词没有what,how,whether等，而且that充当从句的成分；同位语从句可以用what,how,whether等，同事that不充当从句的成分。Eg.Iknowthemanthatisunderthetree.(定语从句)Ihaveaquestionwhetherthefuturewillbebetter.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon．三、随堂练习表语从句一、单项选择( )1—Hewasbornhere.--Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how ( )2Thatis______LuXunlived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why( )3Americawas__________wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.A.whatB.whereC.theplaceD.therewhere( )4Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.Itisnolonger_________.A.whatitusedtobeB.whatitwasusedtobeingC.whatitusedtobeingD.whatitwasusedtobe( )5________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.A.What…thatB.That…thatC.What…whatD.That…what( )6Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such ( )7Thereasonis_________Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what ( )8Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof 第8页共8页,( )9Goandgetyourcoat.It’s________youleftitA.whereB.thereC.therewhereD.wherethere( )10Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether二、单句语法填空1.Thisis               Icandoforyourightnow.2.Thereasonforhissuccessis               heworkedhard. 3.That’s                herefusedmy invitation.4.Thereasonwhyhecanmakehisdreamcometrueis               hehasaqualityofperseverance.5.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_________mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.  6.Thereason__________shepreferredcitylifeis_________shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.   7.Teacher'sdevelopmentis_________ thekeytobettereducationlies. 8.This modern hotel, in_________ the visitors can enjoy the best service in the city, is _________Mary stayed last time.  9.Thequestionis_____hecanarriveatthehotelontimeornot.10.Mysuggestionis______weshouldtellhimthetruth.    11.Thequestionis_______themovieisworthwatching.12.Thepointis_____muchtimeweshouldspendonthetask.13.WhatIamtryingtofindoutis_________busIshouldtake.14.IfIamverysleep,itis_________Istayedupallnight.15.Theproblemis_______wecanfindhim.Atschoolorintheshoppingcentre?四、翻译1.他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.困难是我们缺乏资金。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.这是我们应当做的。第8页共8页,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________同位语从句一、判断从句类型（定语从句/同位语从句）1.ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.2.Thesuggestionthathehadputforwardwasturndown.Thesuggestionthatthesecondquestionshouldbediscussedfirstwasturndown.3.ThenewscamethattheChinesewomen'svolleyballteamhadwonthematchagain.Weweregreatlypleasedatthenewsthatourteacherhadtoldus.二、单项选择1.Themanagerputforwardasuggestion____weshouldhaveanassistant．Thereistoomuchworktodo.A．whether      B．that         C．which      D．what2.Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidence____________smokingcanleadtomanydiseases.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where3.Ihavenoidea               MikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversity yesterday,whichisoneofhisfavouriteuniversities.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.why4.Thereissomedoubt               Chinesewomenvolleyballteamwillwinthegold medalinRioOlympicGames.A.how        B.that        C.whether       D.this5.Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient'sfear_________hewoulddieofthedisease.     A.who        B.that        C.whether       D.where6.Aproblemhasoccurred_________weshoulddevelopinnovativethinkingabilitiesintheclassroomsbygivingstudentsopportunitiestogeneratenewideas.A.whom        B.what        C.whether       D.where7.Withyourhelp,thereisnodoubt_________ ourplanismeantforwhatwillworkoutsuccessfully.  A.who        B.that        C.whether       D.where8. Thenewscame,asexpected,_________mycousinwaschosentobeaforeignaiddoctortogotoAfricawherepeoplearesufferingalotfromaids.A.if              B.that               C.whether        D.how第8页共8页,9.Sheheldastrongbelief_____theeducationhersonreceivedwouldenablehimtobeausefulman.A.that         B.what            C.how             D.which10.Westillhavesomedoubt_________theycancompletethetaskontime.A.if              B.that               C.whether        D.who二、单句语法填空1.(2017·浙江嘉兴模拟改编)Recently,anewresearchhassuggestedthepossibilityinapopularmagazine________pleasantsmellsmightreducepain.2.(2016·济南高三针对性训练)Theyexpressedthehope_________theywouldcomeovertovisitChinaagain.3.Ihavenoidea________theboyisdoinginthenextroomnow.4.Thequestion________shoulddotheworkisbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.5.Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestion________wearegoingtospendoursummervacationthisyear.6.Thenews________Mr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.7.Ihavenoidea________theywereabletogetitdoneinsoshortatime.8.Whenyouareinbed,pleasesetasidethethought       youhavetofallasleep.9.YouhavenoideaanxiousIhavebeenforhersafety.10.Heworkedveryhard.It’snowonder______hegotthefirstprize.三、汉译英。1.有消息传来说，他们这次没有信守诺言。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.毫无疑问，中国是世界上最强大的国家之一。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.他每天工作18小时的事实是真的。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.我不知道他什么时候回来。(havenoidea)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第8页共8页,参考答案：表语从句：一、1-5CBAAA6-10CABAD二、1.what2.that3.why4.that5.whether6.why;that7.where8.which；where9.whether10.that11.whether12.how13.which14.because15.where三、1.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.2.Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.3. Thetroubleisthatweareshortoffunds4.ThisThisiswhatweshoulddo5. That’swhyIwantyoutoworkthere同位语从句一、1.定语从句；同位语从句2.定语从句；同位语从句3.同位语从句；定语从句二、1-5BCDCD6-10CABAC三、1.how2.that3.what4.who5.where6.that7.whether8.that9.how10.That四、1.Word camethattheyhadn'tkepttheirword/hadbrokentheirword.2.ThereisnodoubtthatChinaisoneofthestrongestcountriesintheworld.3.Thefactthatheworked/worksfor18hourseverydaywas/istrue.4.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.5.Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.第8页共8页