专题12~Unit3词汇与语法

优点英语Unit3词汇与语法一．词汇学习1．_________vt.连续猛击；打来打去n．自助餐2．______adj.辽阔的；巨大的；庞大的3．_______n．冰川4．_____n．(一块)布；织物；布料5._______adj.值得做的；有益的6．_______n．驯鹿7．_______n．领土；版图；领域；地盘8．_______n．边界；界限；分界线9．__________adj.酸的；有酸味的10．_________adj.巨大的；极大的11．________adj.极佳的；卓越的12．_________adj.壮丽的；雄伟的；极佳的；非常好的13．_______n．食欲；胃口；强烈欲望14．_______vi.打喷嚏n．喷嚏；喷嚏声15．____n．奶油；乳脂；护肤霜adj.奶油色的；淡黄色的二．重点词汇解析1.buffetvt.连续猛击；打来打去n.自助餐[例1]　Therunningbuffetisavailablefrom6p．m.to2a．m.自助餐从下午6点供应到凌晨2点。[例2]　Hewasbuffetedfromsidetoside.他被打得东倒西歪。[知识拓展](1)buffetsb./sth.连续猛击某人/物,优点英语buffetone'sway打开一条路(尤指在困难条件下)；(船)乘风破浪(2)abuffetlunch自助午餐[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①We(buffet)bythewindandtherainonthewaytoschoolyesterday.②Couldyouprovidecoffeeandbuffetlunchatnoon?③Theshipbuffeted(it)waythroughthewaves.④之后，她请我们在他们的员工餐厅吃了一顿简单的自助午餐。Afterwards,sheinvitedusforaintheirstaffcafeteria.2.banvt.明令禁止；取缔n.禁令[例1]　Britain'shealthexpertsarepushingforabanonallcigaretteadvertising.　英国的健康专家正努力争取取缔任何形式的香烟广告。[例2]　Smokingisnowbannedinmanyplacesofwork.现在许多工作场所都禁止吸烟。[知识拓展](1)ban(doing)sth.　　　　禁止(做)某事bansb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事(2)abanon/againststh.对某事的禁令place/put...underaban禁止……[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Thelawbans(sell)alcoholtothoseunder18inthecountry.②Theyarebannedfrom(swim)intheriver.③Thereisabansmokinginallindoorpublicplaces.,优点英语④Thenewrulehasput/placedsmokingaban.⑤老师严禁他在课上讲话。Theteacherinclass.[名师点津]　“禁止某人做某事”的表达：bansb.fromdoingsth.prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.forbidsb.fromdoingsth.forbidsb.todosth.3.accompanyvt.陪同；陪伴；伴随；(尤指用钢琴)为……伴奏[例1]　Mayweaccompanyyouonyourwalk?我们陪你一起散步好吗？[例2]　Thunderoftenaccompanieslightning.雷声常伴着闪电。[知识拓展]accompanysb.at/onsth.(尤指用钢琴)为某人伴奏beaccompaniedby由某人陪同；由……伴奏accompanysb.＝keepsb.company陪伴某人accompanysb.tosomeplace陪伴/陪同某人到某地[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换①Heaccompaniedhisfatherthehospitaltoseewhat'swrongwithhisstomach.②Icanyouonthepianoifyouwanttosing.③Myneighborcametoaccompanymewhilemyparentswereout.＝Myneighborcametomecompanywhilemyparentswereout.,优点英语[小片段填空]Herfatherhertotheconcertandwhenshesangherfatherheronthepiano．Hersongsoundedwonderfulbythemusic.她父亲陪她去音乐会，当她唱歌时她父亲为她钢琴伴奏。在音乐的伴奏下她的歌声听起来优美极了。4.adoptvt.采用；采取；采纳vt.&vi.领养[例1]　AftergoingtoFrancehesoonadoptedtheFrenchwayoflife.他去法国后，很快就接受了法国的生活方式。[例2]　InnowayamIgoingtoadoptanyofhismethods.我绝对不会采纳他的任何方法。[知识拓展](1)adopt...as...选……作为……；收养……为……(2)adoptedadj.被收养的；被采用的adoptionn.采用；收养[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①WehaveMr.Stevensasourcandidateatthenextelection.②Hewascheatedintobelievingthathewasan(adopt)son.③Ifyoucannothavechildrenofyourown,whynotconsider(adopt)?④我们一致同意采取新的教学方法。Weallagreein．adapt与adopt仅有一个字母之差，要注意它们的含义的区别：adopt“采纳；收养”，而adapt“(使)适应；改编”。[小片段填空]Theyoungcouplehadnochildoftheirownand．Afterafewmonths,thechildcameto．这对年轻夫妇没有亲生的孩子，领养了一个孤儿。几个月过后，这个孩子渐渐适应了他的新生活。,优点英语5.setout出发；启程；(怀着目标)开始工作[例1]　Avisitorarrivedjustasweweresettingoutfortheairport.我们正要前往机场时来了一位客人。[例2]　Hewillsetoutonajourneyearlyinthenextmorning.他明天一早就动身。[知识拓展]setout(todo...)动身；起程；开始做setabout(doing...)着手做setoff出发；动身；使爆炸；引起setaside留出；对……置之不理setdown写下；记下setup建立；创立；安排[即学即练]——完成句子①为了避开拥挤的交通，我早早就动身去公司了。Iforthecompanyearlierinordertoavoidtheheavytraffic.②她每月都存一点儿钱。Sheabitofmoneyeverymonth.③她一回到家就开始打扫房间。Themomentshearrivedhome,she．④他被要求根据记忆把事实写下来。Hewasaskedthefactsjustasherememberedthem.6.appealvi.有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉　n.吸引力；呼吁；上诉；请求[例1]　Thiskindofmusichasn'tmuchappealforme.这类音乐对我没有吸引力。[例2]　Brightcoloursappealtosmallchildren.小孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色。[知识拓展],优点英语(1)appealto　　有吸引力；有感染力；呼吁；上诉；打动appealtosb.for向某人呼吁或请求……(2)makeanappealtosb.向某人提出呼吁；引起某人兴趣haveappealfor对……有吸引力[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译①Hisappealforgivenesswentunanswered.②Thisjobratherappealsme.③为建造这座桥，我们呼吁村民捐款。Weformoneytobuildthebridge.＝Weformoneytobuildthebridge.7.upto达到(某数量、程度等)；直到；不多于；(体力或智力上)能胜任；由……决定[例1]　Uptonowhe'sstillquiet.他直到现在仍保持沉默。[例2]　He'snotuptothework.他不能胜任这项工作。[即学即练]——写出下列句中upto的含义/完成句子①Icantakeuptofourpeopleinmycar.②Idon'tfeeluptogoingtoworktoday.③—Shallwegooutforsupperorstayathome?—It'suptoyou.④Uptonoweverythinghasbeensuccessful.⑤你一次最多可借五本书。Youcanborrowatatime.8.entertainmentn．娱乐；招待；娱乐活动；文娱节目[例1]　Noonewaseverboredwatchinghim—hissubtleactingmadeeverythingentertaining.,优点英语看他表演无人会感到无聊——他巧妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑。[例2]　Therewillbeliveentertainmentattheparty.联欢会上将有现场表演节目。[知识拓展](1)entertainsb.with...　用……使某人快乐；用……使某人有兴趣entertainsb.宴请某人；招待某人entertainoneself自娱自乐(2)entertainingadj.令人愉快的(3)toone'sentertainment使某人高兴的是[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Thetravellerentertainedhisfriendstories，someofwhichwerereallymorethancouldbebelieved.②Humourwillhelpyourspeechstandoutandkeepeveryone(entertain).③Thislawappliestotheatres，cinemasandsomeotherplacesofpublic．④令我们非常高兴的是，他答应请我们吃冰淇淋。，hepromisedtoicecream.9.Whicheverandwhateveryoulike,thereisanincrediblethemeparkthatwillappealtoyou!无论你喜欢哪一个，无论你喜欢什么，总会有一个奇妙无比的主题公园让你流连忘返！句式分析：whichever和whatever引导让步状语从句，whichever“无论哪一个”，whatever“无论什么”都作like的宾语。[例1]　Ineverputonweight,soIcaneatwhateverIlike.我从未肥胖过，所以我想吃什么就吃什么。[例2]　Whicheverdayyoucome,wewillbepleasedtoseeyou.无论你哪一天来，我们都很高兴。[知识拓展],优点英语(1)whatever,whichever,who(m)ever既可引导让步状语从句也可引导名词性从句。(2)nomatterwhat,nomatterwhich,nomatterwho(m)只引导让步状语从句。(3)wherever＝nomatterwhere,whenever＝nomatterwhen,however＝nomatterhow用来引导让步状语从句。[即学即练]——完成句子①无论你做什么，你都不能违背自然。,youcan'tgoagainstnature.②无论何时你方便都可以过来。Youcancome．③无论谁最后离开房间都应该把灯关掉。lastoughttoturnoffthelights.④人们普遍认为，孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的。Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild．⑤不管你想聊些什么，我们今晚聊个够。,we'lldoittonight.10.Ifyouwanttohavefunandmorethanfun,cometoDisneyland!如果你想娱乐，而又不仅仅是娱乐，那就来迪士尼乐园吧！句式分析：句中morethan表示“不仅仅”，其后常接名词。[例1]　Peaceismuchmorethantheabsenceofwar.和平不仅仅是意味着没有战争。[例2]　Hisreportismorethanasurvey.他的报告不只是一份调查。[知识拓展](1)morethan＋数词，意为“多于；超过……”morethan＋形容词/副词/动词，意为“非常……”morethan＋...can/could，意为“超过……的能力范围”more...than与其说……倒不如说,优点英语(2)nomorethan仅仅；只不过(3)notmorethan不超过[即学即练]——完成句子①我们非常乐意带你在北京到处看看。WearehappytoshowyouaroundBeijing.②当她的儿子再次说谎时，与其说她生气，倒不如说伤心。Shewaswhenhersonliedagain.③期中考试我们班只有35位同学及格。Therewere35studentsinourclasswhopassedthemidtermexam.④你的问题答案不只是一个。istoyourquestion.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thereistobeatotalbanon(park)inthisstreet.2．Theyfoundabacteriumvisiblethehumaneye.3．It'sdifficulttocontactherbecauseshe'salwaysthemove.4．Thepresidentappeared,(accompany)bysixstrongbodyguards.5．Peoplewhoarethinkingabout(adopt)adogasafriendfortheircatsareworriedthattheywillfight.6．Wesetout(find)thetruthbehindthemystery.7．It'snotcleartheyareabletoarriveatanagreementthroughcommunicationornot.8．Ihaveaverybusylifewithnotimetositaround(feel)sorryformyself.9．ATVcanbeareal(bless)foroldpeople.10．Amongthem(be)specialwindowsthatareresistanttodirtandwater.,优点英语Ⅱ.短语填空apartfrom,onthemove,setout,befullof,feedon1．Mostofthetimethechickensare,runningfortheirlives.2．Histeacherspraisefortheprogresshe'smaking.3．Ifyouwanttocatchthattrain,we'dbetterforthestationimmediately.4．Allanimalsincludingmenplantsorotheranimals.5．Theroomwasemptyonemanseatedbesidethefire.动词ing形式作主语一、关于动词ing形式的基本情况1．动词ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。动词ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。2．动词ing形式的时态和语态。[观察例句]Readingaloudisagoodwaytolearnalanguage.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。Havingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hepassedtheexam.努力学习了功课，他通过了考试。Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowwillbefinishednextmonth.正在建设的建筑物下个月将完工。Havingbeenlaughedatforhislameness,theboybecameshyandinhibited.那男孩因跛脚被人讥笑，变得羞怯。[归纳用法],优点英语语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone二、动词ing形式作主语1．动词ing形式作主语[观察例句]Sayingisonething,anddoingisanother.说是一回事，而做是另一回事。Havingawalkeverydayhelpstomakeonekeephealthy.每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。[归纳用法]动词ing形式作主语，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Climbingmountainsisreallydifficultfortheold.对于老人来说爬山确实困难。2．形式主语it代替动词ing形式作主语。[观察例句]Itisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus.劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。Itisnogood/useregrettingforthepast.悔恨过去是没用的。It'suselessarguingwiththem.　跟他们争论是徒劳无益的。[归纳用法],优点英语此类句式常见的有：It'sawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事是浪费时间It'suseless/worthwhiledoingsth.做某事没用/是值得的It'snogood/use/fundoingsth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思3．动词ing形式和todo作主语时的区别。[观察例句]Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火危险。(泛指)Singingismyhobby,andtosingatmyfriend'sbirthdaypartyismydream.唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。[归纳用法]动词ing形式和todo都可以作主语。动词ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，todo作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。[即学即练1]——单句语法填空①Ican'tstand(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.②It'snouse(complain)withouttakingaction.③(volunteer)justfeelssogood.④(invite)tothepartywasagreathonourtothefamily.三、动词ing的复合结构作主语[观察例句]His/Tom'sbeinglatemadetheteacherveryangry.他的/汤姆的迟到使老师很生气。Jerry'snotarrivingontimemadethepeoplepresentangry.杰里未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。[归纳用法](1)作主语的动词ing的复合结构的肯定形式为：形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格＋doing...。,优点英语(2)作主语的动词ing的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格＋notdoing...。[即学即练2]——完成句子①他没准时到达火车站使得我们大家都很担心。ontimemadeallofusworried.②你学好英语对学习法语有帮助。willhelptolearnFrench.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(talk)withyourkidhearttoheartisveryimportant.2．Itisnouse(regret)yourpastmistakes.3．Wesley's(return)sosoonsurprisedme.4．Seeing(be)believing.5．Itisnogood(cry)overspiltmilk.6．Their(come)tohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.7．Hisnot(know)Englishbroughthimalotofinconvenience.8．(read)inbedisbadforyoureyes.Ⅱ.完成句子1．对于初学者来说，学习驾驶通常是一次紧张的经历。isusuallyanervousexperienceforbeginners.2．总之，和你的同学处理好关系被认为是一件重要的事情。Inaword,isconsideredanimportantthing.3．在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。isnotapleasurebutasuffer.4．躺着晒太阳是很舒服的。,优点英语Itispleasant．5．和孩子们一起玩真好。Itisfun．