2022年高考英语一轮复习：阅读理解 专项突破练习题汇编（含答案解析）

2022年高考英语一轮复习：阅读理解专项突破练习题汇编阅读理解(一)　细节理解类A(2021·福建省厦门市高三毕业班第三次质量检测)WhenyouthinkofChinesefoodintheU.S.,friedrice,orGeneralTso’schickenmayfirstcometomind.ButanewmuseumexhibitioninNewYorkCityistryingtoexpandvisitors’palates(味蕾)．ItfeaturesstoriesoffamouscookslikeMartinYanandhomecookswhosefoodrepresents18differentregionalcookingstylesofChina.“Ithinkit’sunfairtojustclassifyChinesecookingasone，”saysKianLamKho,aco-curator(策展人)of“Sour,Sweet,Bitter,Spicy：StoriesofChineseFoodandIdentityinAmerica”attheMuseumofChineseinAmerica.“Evenwiththesamedishorsamecuisine,everyfamilyhasadifferentvariation.”That’swhythecuratorssayifyouwanttotastethefullrangeofChinesecuisineintheU．S,you’llneedtogobeyondrestaurantsandintohomekitchens,whichcanplayacentralroleinmanyimmigrants’lives.“Thekitchenitselfiskindofacomfortwhenyoucometoanewcountry.That’stheoneplacewhereyousetupasyourhomebase,andyoucookthingsthatyourememberfromyourpast，”explainsco-curatorAudraAng.OneofthehomecooksshowcasedintheexhibitionisNiBiying,80,ofManhattan.Sheworkedasalive-inbabysitterforyearsbeforeshecouldfinallyaffordtorentahomewithherownkitchen.Thesedays,youcanusuallyfindhermovingaroundherone-bedroomapartmentasasweetsmellofvinegarandricewinefloatsfromherstove.ForNi,asmalldinnerforfriendsandfamilymeanspreparingalmostadozendifferentdishes.Shelearnedsomeofhertechniquesfromherfather,whomademostofherfamily’smealswhenshewasachild.“Istillmakethebeefwithstir-friedcelerymyfatherusedtocook，”shesays.Andit’sthekindofcomfortfoodthatdefinesChinesefoodforNi.1．Whatisthenewmuseumexhibitionmainlyabout?A．StoriesofChinesefoodandcooks.B．Explorationoffamousrestaurants.C．HistoryofChineseimmigration.D．Cuisineofdifferentcountries.2．Whydoesthekitchenplayakeyroleinmanyimmigrants’lives?A．Itprovidesawealthylife.B．Ithelpsthemtoacceptnewcultures.C．Itbringsasenseofbelonging.D．Itenablesthemtoforgetthepast.3．WhatcanwelearnaboutNiBiyingfromParagraph4?A．SheworkedinaChineserestaurant.第62页共62页 B．Shemademostmealsasachild.C．Shelearnedcookingfromherfather.D．Sheliveswithabigfamily.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ChineseRestaurantTellsImmigrantTalesB．HomeCookingBringsMoretotheTableC．ImmigrantsSeektheirFortuneintheU．S.D．CuisineGainsNewVariationsB(2021·江西赣州市高三一模)UltimateEarsHYPERBOOMSpeaker($399.99)Withitslongbatterylife,andincrediblesoundquality,thisiscurrentlymyfavoriteBluetoothspeaker.TheHYPERBOOMalsoboastsa24-hourbatterylife.Iusethisspeakerinplaceofahomestereo(立体声音响)formusic.It’sloudenoughtofillalargeroomandmobileenoughtotakefromroomtoroom.Theappallowsyoutoswitchsources,adjustthevolume(音量),andevenpowerthespeakeronoroffwithouthavingtogetup!UrbanistaBrisbaneWirelessSpeaker($99)IlovethewaythisportableBluetoothspeakerlooksinourkitchen.Thesoundqualityisincredible.OnefunctionallowsyoutopairtwoUrbanistasinstereo,doublingthevolumecapabilityanddeliveringasurroundsound.Unfortunately,youhavetorepairthespeakerstogethereachtimeyouusetheminstereo.Thisisasmart,stylishBluetoothspeakerthat’lllookandsoundgreatonyourshelf.AudioProAddonCIOSpeaker($349)Withitseasysetupandincrediblesoundquality,thisisoneofthebestWi-Fi-enabledspeakersonthemarket.Ithasnearlyeverypossibleconnectionport,allowingyoutobroadcasttootherWi-Fienabledspeakersinyourhouse.NaimMu-so2WirelessSpeaker($1,690)ThisbeautifulWi-Ficonnectedsoundsystemisperfectformusic.Thestylishdesignwillfitneatlyinanylivingroomandfillthespacewithimpressivelyloudsound.Oneuniquefeatureisthatyoucansetyourfavoriteinternetradiostationandturnitonwithasinglebutton.5．WhatcanwelearnabouttheHYPERBOOM?A．Itresistsoilandwater.B．Itcanbecontrolledbyanapp.C．Itneedschargingfrequently.D．It’snotsuitableforalargeroom.6．WhatislessthansatisfactoryaboutUrbanistaspeaker?A．It’simmovable.　B．Itbreakseasily.C．It’snoteasytouse.　D．It’snotloudenough.7．Whichisawisechoiceifyouoftenlistentointernetradio?第62页共62页 A．UltimateEarsHYPERBOOMSpeaker.B．UrbanistaBrisbaneWirelessSpeaker.C．AudioProAddonCIOSpeaker.D．NaimMu-so2WirelessSpeaker.C(2021·江苏省海安高级中学高三下期新高考模拟二)Mobilitychallenges？HelpisathandExperiencingdiminished(减弱的)mobilitycanbeextremelydifficult.Whenpeopletalkaboutit,alotofthefocusisonthephysicalconsequences,butcopingwithitsemotionalimpact-thelossoffreedom,theknocktoyourconfidenceandthefeelingsoffrustrationarejustassignificantasthephysical.MobilityscootersTherearevariousresourcesandmobilityaidsouttherethatcanhelp-wheelchair,mobilityscooterorwalkingaid,etc.Ifyoustruggletowalk,butneedtotravellongdistances,amobilityscootermightbeabetterchoice.OnethatyoushouldconsideristheeFOLDiLitescooter,theWorld’slightestfoldingmobilityscooterfromSunTech.MakingtraveleasierItcanbetransportedeasilyinacaroronaplanesoyounolongerhavetofacetravelrestrictionsandyoucanenjoyyourfreedommuchmoreasitisextremelyportable,easytouseandsuperlightweight—atonly15kg—it’stheperfecttravelandmobilitycompanion.Userscanunfoldthescooterinsecondsandit’spackedfullofbeneficialfeaturesthatwillimproveyourdaytodayjourneysandmaketravellingmoreaccessibleforyou.Pre-orderSupportersofthecampaigncanpre-orderaneFOLDiLiteonKickstarterforasuperearlybirdpriceof￡1,200whichis50%ofthefutureretailprice,plusa￡80shippingcost.Thecampaignendson11thFebruary2021．FormoreinformationabouteFOLDiLite,visithttp：//reservefold.com/？scooter＝exclusive.8．Whyarethepsychologicaleffectsofdiminishedmobilitymentionedatthebeginning?A．Tointroducethetopicofdiminishedmobility.B．ToprovidemoreknowledgeabouteFOLDiLite.C．Todrawpeople’sattentiontopsychologicalhealth.D．ToattractmorepotentialcustomersofeFOLDiLite.9．WhichofthefollowingistheadvantageofeFOLDiLite?A．Itcanbeunfoldedwithcertainhelp.B．Itcanridyouoftravelrestrictions.C．Itcanbechargedquicklyandeasily.D．Itismoresuitableforalongjourney.10．HowmuchwillyoupayatleastwhenorderingtheproductontheInternet?第62页共62页 A．￡1,280．　B．￡600．C．￡2,480．　D．￡1,240．阅读理解(二)　推理判断类A(2021·福建省厦门市高三毕业班第三次质量检测)Lifecontinuallyrequiresthatwewritedownafewwordsofthanks：forholidays,meals,presentsorpeople’splaceinourhearts.However,toooften,ourmessagesendupflatorsomewhatunconvincing.Tomakeourmessagesmoreeffective,wemighttakealessonfromthehistoryofart.Tosomeextent,whatdistinguishesgreatfromcommonartisthelevelofdetailwithwhichtheworldhasbeenstudied.Atalentedartistis,firstandforemost,someonewhotakesusintothespecificsofthereasonswhyanexperienceoraplacefeltvaluable.Theydon’tmerelytellusthatspringis“nice”，theyzero_in_ontheparticularcontributingfactorstothisniceness：leavesthathavethesoftnessofanewborn’shands,thecontrastbetweenawarmsunandasharpbreeze,thesoftcryofbabyblackbirds....Someofthereasonwhygreatartistsarerareisthatourmindsarenotwellsetuptounderstandwhywefeelaswedo.Butwecanbeconfidentifourmindshavebeenaffected,thereasonswhythey’vebeensowillbesomewhere,waitingtobeuncovered.Westandtorealisethatitwasn’tsomuchthatthefoodwas“delicious”；butthatthepotatoesinparticularhadacharmingrosemaryandgarlicflavour.Afriendwasn’tjust“nice”；theybroughtinahugelysensitiveandgeneroustonetobearinaskinguswhatithadbeenlikeforuswhenwesuffered.Thedetailswillbethere,waitingforustocatchthem.Wedon’thavetobegreatartiststosendeffectivethank-younotes.Wejustneedtolocateandholdontightlytotwoorthreehighlydetailedreasonsforourgratitude.1．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?A．Weseldomexpressgratitudebywriting.B．Weusuallyfindmessagesofthankstouching.C．Weshouldtakeacourseformessagewriting.D．Wemaydrawinspirationforthank-yousfromarts.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“zeroinon”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Leaveout.　B．Clearup.C．Focuson.　D．Holdback.3．HowisParagraph3developed?A．Byclassification.　B．Byexample.C．Bydefinition.　D．Byprocess.4．Whichwouldtheauthorrecommendtoexpressgratitude?A．Iamblessedtohavesuchawonderfulweek.B．Yourcaringandwarmsmilelightsupmyday.第62页共62页 C．Thankyousomuchforyourgreatpresent.D．ThisisthemostdeliciousdinnerI’veeverhad.B(2021·宁夏石嘴山市高考二模)AWildChild’sGuidetoEndangeredAnimalsFromNewYorkTimesbestsellingauthorMillieMarottacomesthisgorgeouscelebrationoftheanimalkingdom.Highlighting43endangeredspecies,thebooktakesreadersonatriparoundtheworldwhilelearningaboutrareandwell-knownanimalsandtheirhabitats.MarcovaldoMarcovaldoisacollectionof20shortstorieswrittenbyItaloCalvino.DescribingthelifeofapoorruralmanlivinginnorthernItaly,thestoriesunfoldaccordingtotheseasonalcycleofayear.Commonthemesinthestoriesincludepollution,failureandpoverty.TheArtofMondoOvertheyears,Mondohasreceivedglobalrecognitionforitsincredibleartpostersthatbringtolifeclassicfilms,televisionshows,andcomicssuchasJurassicPark.Forthefirsttime,TheArtofMondobringstogetherthishighlysought-afterartinonevolumethatshowcasestheincrediblecreativityofthestudio’sartistswhosevastlydifferentstylesareunitedbyoneguidingprinciple：limitlesspassionfortheirsubjectmatters.TheComingoftheThirdReichThereisnostoryin20th-centuryhistorymoreimportanttounderstandthanHitler’srisetopowerandthecollapse(坍塌)ofcivilizationinNaziGermany.TheComingoftheThirdReich,byRichardEvans,offersamasterfulcombinationofacademicwork,importantnewresearchandinterpretations.PatriarchyandCapitalismChizukoUeno,aleadingJapanesesociologist,feministcriticandpublicintellectual,hasbeenapioneerinwomen’sstudiesandtheauthorofmanybooks,includingPatriarchyandCapitalism.5．Whichbookwillyouchooseifyouareinterestedinart?A．Marcovaldo.　B．TheArtofMondo.C．TheComingoftheThirdReich　D．PatriarchyandCapitalism.6．Whocaresaboutwomen’srightsandinterests?A．MillieMarotta.　B．ItaloCalvino.C．RichardEvans.　D．ChizukoUeno.7．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Tointroduceartforms.B．Torememberfivewriters.C．Torecommendqualitybooks.第62页共62页 D．Tocomparedifferentcultures.C(2021·江西九校高三一模)Inthismostunusualyear,thegiftofgivingwillfeelespeciallygood.Thesetipscanhelpmaketheseasonmerryandbrightforeveryone.What’sDifferentThisYearHotTicketItemsMayBeExtraHot：Somecompanieshavescaledbacktheirholidayorderingthisyeartotriminventory,sopopularproductsmightselloutfast—instoresandonline.Soifyouseeagoodpriceforanitemonyourlist,besuretograbit.AndplantoshipgiftsatleasttwoweeksbeforeChristmasEve.OnlineSalesWillStartEarlyThisyear,itmaybemorelikeCyberSeason,withonlinepromotionsandsalesstartingrightafterHalloween.Withconcernsaboutcrowds,retailerswilllikelysavealotoftheirinventoryforonlinesales.Toavoidparkinglotchaos,trytopickupyourpurchasesfirstthinginthemorningorlaterintheevening,whenwaittimesshouldbeshorter.OutletsAreOnlineTooIfoneofyourholidayshoppingtraditionsisatriptotheoutlets,youcanstillexperiencethethrillofthebargainhunt—fromhome.Shoppremiumoutlets.comisthevirtualversionofthecountry’slargestoutletcompany.Insomeways,it’sevenbetterthananin-persontripbecauseyoucanshopbyitemorcategoryandimmediatelyseewhatdifferentretailershaveinstock,ratherthangoingstoretostore.WhentoShopNotonThanksgiving：Manystoresthatopenedtheirdoorsontheholidaylastyearhaveannouncedthattheywillbeclosedthisyear.Oneupsideforshoppersisrock-bottompricesassomestoresliquidate(清仓)．Thedownsides：Theymightnotbearoundifyouneedtoreturnsomethingoruseagiftcard.Inotherwords：Bankruptcybuyersbeware.8．Whichisthebesttimetosendgifts?A．October30．　B．December9．C．December15．　D．December24．9．Whatcanwelearnaboutholidayshoppingthisyear?A．Shopperscanonlybuyitemsonline.B．ShoppingonThanksgivingisthebestchoice.C．Popularproductsmightselloutfastonlyinstores.D．ShoppersmayseeagoodpriceforanitemrightafterHalloween.10．Whowillbemostinterestedinthispassage?A．Peoplewhoaremoney-less.B．Peoplewholikeshoppingathome.C．Peoplewhoareretailers.D．Peoplewhoarefondofbargains.第62页共62页 阅读理解(三)　词句猜测类A(2021·四川省南充市高三下学期第三次适应性考试)Facialrecognitiontechnologyisalreadywidelyusedbygovernmentsandsomeadvertisingcompanies.Thetechnologyusesmachinelearningtoolstosearchforfacesinanattempttoidentifypeople.Inarecentstudyscientistsannouncedtheyhaddevelopedmachinelearningtoolstotrackthefacesofindividualwildchimpanzees(黑猩猩)．DanSchofieldsaidthatthesystemwasdevelopedtoimprovethequalityofinformationcollectedaboutchimpanzeesinthewildoveralongperiodoftime.“Forspecieslikechimpanzees,whichhavecomplexsociallivesandliveformanyyears,gettingsnapshotsoftheirbehaviorfromshort-termfieldresearchcanonlytellussomuch，”Schofieldsaid.Theresearcherswantedtogetamorecompleteunderstandingofthelivesofthechimpanzeesbystudyingthemoverseveralgenerations.Butdoingthiswouldhaverequiredsearchingthroughhundredsofhoursofvideorecordingsofchimpanzeesinthewild.TheresearchersrecordedtheactivitiesofagroupofchimpanzeesthatlivedintheWestAfricannationofGuinea.Afacialrecognitioncomputermodelwastrainedusingmorethan10millionimagesoftheanimals.Themodelwasthenusedtosearch,recognizeandtrackindividualchimpanzees.Thesystemwasabletoidentifyindividualchimpanzeescorrectlyabout92percentofthetime.Itsuccessfullyidentifiedtheanimals’sex96percentofthetime.Thestudyincludedanexperimentwithhumanstoseehowtheycouldperformagainstthemachinelearningsysteminmakingidentifications.Thehumanpersonswereabletocorrectlyidentifyindividualchimpanzeesabout42percentofthetime.Themachinelearningtoolwasmuchfasteratcompletingtheexperiment.Humanexpertstookabout55minutes,whilethecomputertookonlyseconds.Theresearcherssaytheyarepermittingotherscientiststousethesystemforsimilarprojects.Theyhopethemethodwillbeusedwithotherspeciestorecordanimalbehaviorandmonitordifferentanimalpopulationsintheenvironment.1．WhatcanweinferfromSchofield’swords?A．Researchingchimpanzeesneedsmoreinformation.B．Chimpanzeescanliveaslongashumans.C．Chimpanzeesliketogetsnapshotstoo.D．Short-termfieldresearchprovidesmoreinformation.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”referto?A．Recordingthechimpanzeesinthewild.B．Studyingchimpanzeesoverseveralyears.C．Understandingthelivesofthechimpanzeescompletely.D．Gettingsnapshotsofchimpanzees’behavior.第62页共62页 3．Whatdidtheexperimentwithhumansproveinthestudy?A．Humansmakemoreaccurateidentifications.B．Themachinelearningsystemismoreeffective.C．Humanscan’tidentifytheanimals’sexcorrectly.D．Machinelearningtoolstakealittlemoretimeinidentification.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．FacialrecognitionforanimalsisbecomingpopularB．FacialrecognitionishelpinganimalsliveinthewildC．FacialrecognitionplaysaroleinraisinganimalsD．FacialrecognitionisusedtoidentifyandfollowanimalsB(2021·贵州省贵阳市高三下学期适应性考试(二))Theminimalistlifestyleneedstobeconsideredonlyafterweownmorethanweneed.Nowadays,therapiddevelopmentofthesocietyhasbroughtalotofwealthandmaterialpossessions,whichhasbecomeaburdenformany.Inaddition,thefast-pacedlifewehavetodaymakesusbusierthanever.Therefore,Ithinkaminimalistlifestyleisnecessarytohelppeopleeasetheirburdenandfocusonthebestpartoflife.AlthoughI’mnotastrictpractitionerofminimalism,Idobenefitalotfromasimplerlife.WhenIgotemployedin2018,Iwastedmysalariesonlotsofclothes,shoes,cosmetics,booksandfoodtoenrichmylife.However,pilesofthingsmademyroommessyandalotofstuffthingshadtobethrownawayunused.Aboutoneyearago,IlaidmyhandsonabooknamedDanshari,whichencouragespeopletocutoutorthrowawayunnecessarythings.Followingtheinstructions,Istartedtochangemylifestyleandsurprisinglyfoundoutthatmylifeismuchbetterwithless.AnotherbadhabitIhaveworkedhardtochangeisspendingtoomuchtimeonmyphoneandiPadasameanstofreemyselffromtheworkstress.Alotofmyvaluabletimewaswastedonvarioustime-killingappswhichdidn’tdomuchgoodtomyself-improvement.Adoptingasimplelifecanbeabitchallengingandneedsconstanteffort.HerearesometipsIfindhelpful.First,concentrateonthingsthatarereallyimportantandmeaningful.Second,accesstoinformationshouldbesimpleandwell-targeted；readingbooksisagoodalternativetomeaninglesssocialinteractionandtime-killingapps.Third,purchasefewergoodswithbetterqualityandtidyupyourroomregularly.Aminimalistlifestyleisn’tequaltoausterity(朴素)．It’sahabitwecanformtosimplifyourlife.Withlessdesirebothmateriallyandmentally,therewillbemoreroomforself-improvement,happinessandinnerfulfillment.5．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartmeaninParagraph3?A．Recommended.　B．Remembered.C．Wrote.　D．Read.6．Whatdoesaminimalistlifestylemean?第62页共62页 A．Buyingalotofthingswelike.B．Concentratingourselvesonthejobs.C．Formingahabitofsimplelife.D．Spendingmoretimeusingapps.7．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．WealthIsLess　B．MessIsSimpleC．MoreIsHappiness　D．LessIsMoreC(2021·新疆高三一模)OntheFather’sDaybeforemyfatherenteredanursinghome,IgavehimanElmodoll.LikethecoloredpencilsandsketchbookIboughthimayearearlier,thiswasadesperateattempttobringsomejoytomyincreasinglybedriddenfather.Yearsago,myfathersufferedastrokewhichlefthiminbedfortherestofhislife.AtthesightofElmo,mythreeeldersistersshooktheirheads,certainthatourfatherwhowasanythingbutchildishwouldnotlikeit.Sureenough,myfather,76,brokeintothatunpleasantsmilethatbarelyconcealedhisdislike.“Whatonearthisthis？”shoutedmysisters,burstingintolaughter.“DaddyknowswhyIgivehimthis，”Isaid,thinkingthattheyhadnoideawhatElmomeanttomyfather.Tomydisappointment,myfathershrugged.Howcouldhenotremember？Yearsearlier,Ihadbeeninthekitchenandheardsomethingrarefromthelivingroom：laughter.IrandownstairsandsawthatElmowasonthePBScookingshow“TheFrugalGourmet”．“Idon’tknowwhatitisabouthimthatgetstome，”myfatherchokedoutbetweenlaughterandtears.“He’sjustsofunny！”Asmyfatherlayinthenursinghome,Iwouldvisithimintheevenings.Wewatchedoldmovieswiththelightsoff.Eventhoughheneveraskedforit,IbroughtElmofromhomeandputhimwheremyfathercouldseehim.Beforeleaving,IwouldtakeElmofromthedresserandplacehiminmyfather’simmobilearm.Aslightsmilewouldappearonhisface.Itneverlookedsofter.8．What’stheproblemwiththeauthor’sfather?A．Helosttheabilitytofeeljoy.B．Hebecamechildishafterthestroke.C．Hewasdisappointedwithhischildren.D．Hewasboundtostayinbedduetoanillness.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concealed”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Hid.　B．Showed.C．Explained.　D．Expressed.10．WhydidtheauthorgivehisfatheranElmodoll?A．Hisfatheraskedforone.　B．AnElmodollonceamusedhisfather.第62页共62页 C．Nothingbutadollmadehisfathersmile.　D．Hisfathermentionedoneonthecookingshow.11．Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A．Thetroubleastrokecancause.B．Thedifficultytomakeafatherhappy.C．Howasimplegiftbringsjoytoafather.D．Howtochooseapropertoyforoldpeople.阅读理解(四)　观点态度类A(2021·河北石家庄市高三一模)Stayinguplatedoinghomeworkisalwaystiring.Andperhapswhenwebecometired,wefeeltheneedtoeatunhealthysnackfood.Recentlyscientistshavebeeninvestigatingtirednessandsnackfood.AccordingtoastudyinTheJournalofNeuroscience,peoplearemorelikelytotakesnackswhentheydon’tgetenoughsleep.Forthestudy,researchersfromUniversityofCologneinGermanygavethesamedinnerto32healthymenagedbetween19and33．Halfofthemenwerethensenthometobed,andtheotherhalfwerekeptawakeinthelaboratoryallnight.Thenextmorning,theparticipantswereaskedtoconsiderhowmuchtheywouldbewillingtopayforsnackfooditemsshowntotheminpictures.Accordingtotheresearchers,allweresimilarlyhungryinthemorning,andhadsimilarlevelsofmosthormones(荷尔蒙)andbloodsugar.However,brainscansshowedthatwhenthesleep-deprived(缺少睡眠的)participantslookedatthepicturesofjunkfood,theyreleasedmoreofthe“hungerhormone”．Thisisthehormoneresponsibleforincreasingtheappetite,andmakingusconsumemore.Askedabouthowmuchtheywouldpayforsnacks,“Participantswithsleepdeprivationweremorewillingtooverspendonfooditemsthanthosewithagoodnight’ssleep，”researcherstoldScienceDaily.Researchersalsoobservedthatamongthepeoplewhohadn’tslept,therewasgreateractivityinthepartofthebrainwherefoodrewardsareprocessed.Thescientiststhinkthatsleep-deprivedpeopleexperiencechangestothehungerhormoneandthebrain’srewardsystemthatthenleadstoastrongerdesiretoeatsnackswithhighfatandcalories.“Thisbringsusalittleclosertounderstandingthemechanism(机制)behindhowsleepdeprivationchangesfoodvaluation，”ProfessorJanPeters,aco-authorofthestudyfromtheUniversityofCologne,toldTheIndependent.Sometipsonthis：*Listentosomesoftmusictorelieveyourtiredness.*Dosomeslightexerciseforashorttimewhenyou’retired.第62页共62页 *Eatyogurtorfruitstoreplacesnackswithhighfatandcalories.*Distanceyourselffromsnacks.1．Whatcanweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Lesssleepleadstomoresnacks.B．Stayinguplatedoesharmtohealth.C．Tirednessisthecauseoflesssleep.D．Weneednosnackswhenwesleep.2．Whatmakespeopleeatmorejunkfoodaccordingtothestudy?A．Bloodsugar.　B．Fooditems.C．Thehungerhormone.　D．Fatandcalories.3．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Peoplewholacksleepusuallyspendlessonfooditems.B．Listeningtosoftmusichelpspeoplefeelrelaxed.C．Exerciseasmuchasyoucanwhenyouaretired.D．Peoplewhosleepwellcangetfoodrewards.4．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardssnacks?A．Positive.　B．Indifferent.C．Negative.　D．Neutral.B(2021·江苏省扬州市高三考前调研测试)Fishtongues,harvestedbychildrenCod(鳕鱼)tongueisafamousdishinNorwayandbeyond.Around80tonsarecuteveryyearfromfishcaughtinNorway’snorthernwaters.Softerintastethanthefleshofthefish,codtonguemeltsinthemouthwithahintofsaltiness.Itisnature’sgift,saysJanErik,vice-presidentoftheNorwegianfishermen’sassociation.LivEva,a35-year-oldwhoworksforaresearchinstitute,saysthatwhenshewasagirl,menandboysdominatedthecod-tongue-cuttingtradeonLofoten,aNorwegianisland.Thisyear,shewashappytoseeagrandmotherandgranddaughtersellingtongues.Inotherways,however,theartoftungeskjæringhashardlychangedoverthecenturies.Thedelicateworkofremovingthetonguefromanalreadybeheaded(去头的)fishisreservedmainlyforchildren.Thepracticeservesasakindofcareerpreparationforwould-befishers,anditpayshandsomely.Thetonguesarevaluable,soanhour’sworkcanpay1,200kronor($143)；notbadifyou’resix.ModestyguidesattitudesinLofotenandothernorthernparts,soitwouldn’tbeacceptedtospendthecashonsomethingwasteful,saysLivEva.Youngsterstendtosaveupforafishingboat,acaroradepositonahome.Noteveryonegetsinvolved.Thosewithambitionskeeptheirdistance；tongue-cuttingissomethingofafisherman’sroughlife.AndcitizensinNorwaywereupsetbyarecentdocumentaryshowingthechildrenatworkintheirblood-stainedoveralls.“Childlabor！”theycried.The第62页共62页 governmentlookedintotheissue,andchosetorespecttheircultureandtradition.Abiggerthreattotheindustryisthatstocksarelow.FromApril27th,2021NorwegiancodcaughtincoastalwaterswillloseitssustainabilityratingfromtheMarineConservationCouncil,aglobalfishwatchdog.5．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tobringupthetopic.B．Toputforwardanargument.C．Tosetoffaconflict.D．Tobringforwardasuggestion.6．Theunderlinedphrase“theartoftungeskjæring”refersto________.A．thetastingofcodtongue　B．thecuttingofcodtongueC．thecookingofcodtongue　D．thedrawingofcodtongue7．Whatdoesthethirdparagraphfocuson?A．Thetraditionsofthecodtongueindustry.B．Theadvantagesofthecodtongueindustry.C．Theproblemswiththecodtongueindustry.D．Thechangesofthecodtongueindustry.8．Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetowardsthechildren’sharvestingcodtongue?A．Supportive.　B．Ignorant.C．Respectful.　D．Disapproving.C(2021·山西省阳泉市高三第三次教学质量检测三模)Inthe17thcentury,theNetherlandsexperiencedaperiodofartisticprosperityknownastheDutchGoldenAge.Duringthisera,enlightenedartistsfoundinspirationinNorthernRenaissancepaintingtechniques,resultinginmasterpieceslikeGirlWithaPearlEarringbyJohannesVermeer(约翰内斯·维米尔)．Knownasthe“MonaLisaoftheNorth，”thispaintingrepresentsthebestofDutchart.ThoughGirlWithaPearlEarringiscoveredinmystery,ithasbecomeoneofarthistory’smostbelovedpaintings.Specializingingenrepainting—atypeofartthatemploysscenesofeverydaylifeasits第62页共62页 subject—DutchartistJohannesVermeerisfamousforhisdepictions(描绘)ofcontemporaryDelft,acityinHollandwheretheartistwasborn,lived,anddied.Specifically,heisknownforhisdepictionsofdomesticinteriorsandportraitsofwomen,likethefigurefeaturedinGirlwithaPearlEarring.VermeerpaintedGirlwithaPearlEarringaround1665,whichisVermeer’smostwell-knownworkofart.However,itdidnotattaininternationalfameatitstimeofcompletion.Thatcameaboutattheendofthe20thcentury,whenitwasfeaturedinaspecialexhibitionattheNationalGalleryofArtinWashington,D．C.GirlwithaPearlEarringshowsayoungwomansittingbeforeadarkbackdrop.Thisstarkandshallowbackgroundbeautifullycontraststhefigure’scream-coloredskinandhalfcrystaleyes,whicharefixedontheviewer.Inadditiontoanelegantblueandyellowturban(女用头巾),shewearsalarge,tear-shapedpearlearring.Onthesurface,thisdepictionsseemstohavetheclassiccharacteristicsofaportrait,butitisactuallyknownasatronie(十七世纪荷兰的一种风俗肖像画)anddoesnotrefertoaspecificpersonorplace.Today,GirlwithaPearlEarringremainsoneofthemostfamouspaintingsintheworld.“WhenyouthinkabouttheMonaLisa,sheisalsolookingatus,butsheisn’tengaging—sheissittingbackinthepainting,self-contained，”TracyChevalier,theauthoroftheNewYorkTimesbestsellinghistoricalnovel,GirlwithaPearlEarring,pointsout.“WhereasGirlwithaPearlEarringisrightthere—thereisnothingbetweenherandus.Shehasthismagicalqualityofbeingremarkablyopenandyetmysteriousatthesametime—andthatiswhatmakeshersoappealing.”9．WhatcanwelearnaboutVermeerfromthetext?A．Vermeerattainedinternationalfameexactlyin1665．B．VermeerlearnedalotfromthepaintingMonaLisa.C．Vermeershowedhisworksattheendofthe20thcentury.D．VermeerpaintedGirlwithaPearlEarringaround1665．10．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardsthepaintingGirlWithaPearlEarring?A．Indifferent.　B．Ambiguous.C．Objective.　D．Conservative.11．WhycouldJohannesVermeercreatethefamouspaintingGirlWithaPearlEarring?A．HefoundinspirationinNorthernRenaissancepaintingtechniques.B．Hestudiedtheadvancedpaintingtechniquesinhischildhood.C．Hewasreallyfamousforthevividdepictionsofhishometown.D．Hehadanefficientcommunicationwiththepeopleinhishometown.第62页共62页 12．Whatdoesthefifthparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Basicbackground.　B．Subjectmatter.C．Magicalquality.　D．Paintingtechniques.阅读理解(五)　写作意图类A(2021·福建省武平县第一中学高三一模)TheStateofColoradohasfourofthebestparksoutofthe58nationalparksintheUnitedStates.Theparkshavesomeofthebestsceneryofallthenationalparks.BlackCanyon(峡谷)ofGunnisonNationalParkThisparkoffersthemostbreathtakingviewsfromupinthemountainsintothecanyonsbelow.Whileexploringthecanyons,youwillfindthatthewallsdropnearlystraightdownintothenarrowvalleysofthesnake-likeriversbelow.Visitorsareofferedmorethan100campingsites,andalotofbirdspeciesandmanyanimalsarenativetothearea.RockyMountainNationalParkItistheonlynationalparkinthenorthcentralregioninthestateofColorado.Elevationsinthisparkareanywherefrom8,000feetto14,259feetatthetopofLongsPeak.WhiletravelingthroughoutthisparkyouwillnoticetwoverydifferentclimatesbecauseofthedifferencetheupperpeaksoftheRockyMountainsmake.Youcanenjoy359milesofhikingtrails,alotofplacesforcamping,horse-backridingandbeautifulscenery.MesaVerdeNationalParkThisisprobablythemostinterestingnationalpark,offeringafascinatingtripbackintimeto600ADupto1300AD.Thisparkwasdeclaredaprotectednationalparkin1906becauseofthecliffdwellings(住所)thatwerefoundthroughoutthearea,whichwereoncehometoAmericanIndians.Manyofthesedwellingscanbewalkedthrough,whileyouimaginewhateachroommayhavebeenusedforsomanyyearsago.GreatSandDunes(沙丘)NationalParkTheGreatSanddunesNationalParkliesinsouthcentralColorado,about127milesfromPueblo.ThisparkhasthetallestsanddunesinallofNorthAmericaandhastrailsforhiking.Thenaturalsandybeachesaroundthesmallriversandlakesaregoodforswimmers.1．What’sthemostbreathtakingthingintheBlackCanyonofGunnisonNationalPark?A．Theanimals.　B．Thewalls.C．Therivers.　D．Thecampingsites.2．IntheRockyMountainNationalPark，touristsmayNOTbeableto________.A．gosightseeing　B．boatC．rideahorse　D．camp3．Ifyouareinterestedinhistory，youareadvisedtovisit________.A．theRockyMountainNationalParkB．theBlackCanyonofGunnisonNationalParkC．theGreatSandDunesNationalPark第62页共62页 D．theMesaVerdeNationalPark4．What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．PersuadingpeopletovisitColoradowhileinAmerica.B．ShowingpeoplewhichparkisthebestofthefourinColorado.C．IntroducingthebestfourparksinColoradotopeople.D．TellingpeoplesometravelinginformationinColorado.B(2021·广西南宁市高三一模)InrecentyearscomputerscientistshavecomeupwithseveraldifferentwaysofcreatingfalsevideosofpeopleusingArtificialIntelligence(AI)．Thesevideosareusuallycalled“deepfakes”．Somedeepfakesworkbyputtingthefaceofonepersonontoadifferentpersoninavideo.Othersworkbytakinganexistingvideoofapersonandchangingitsothatthepersonsaysordoessomethingtheydidn’tsayordo.Atfirst,creatingdeepfakeswascomplex.Itrequiredspecialknowledge,hundredsofpicturesofthepersonwhowasbeingfaked,andlotsoftime.Nowit’smuchsimpler.Therearewebsitesandappsthatallowalmostanyonetocreatedeepfakes.Anapprecentlycameoutwhichalloweduserstoputtheirfacesintofamousmoviescenes.Theprocesstakesabouteightseconds,requiresonepicture,andcanbedoneonamobilephone.Onegroupofcomputerscientistscreatedaprogramthatallowedthemtoeditthewordscomingoutofsomeone’smouthinavideojustlikeyoumighteditadocumentonthecomputer.It’sonethingtoswapthefacesoffamousactors.Butwhathappensifsomeoneputsoutafakevideoofapolitician,forexample,makingitlookliketheybrokethelaw？There’salsotheproblemofthetimeittakestofigureoutthatsomethingisfake.Evenifavideoisproventobefake,itcouldbetoolate.Millionsofpeoplemighthavealreadyseenandbelievedit.Ontheotherhand,whathappensifavideoisactuallyreal,butpeopledon’ttrustitbecausethey’retoldit’sadeepfake?ManydeepfakesaresogoodthatonlyanotherAIsystemcantellthatthey’refake.ExpertsareworkinghardtocreatenewAItoolsthatcanidentifyfakedvideos.Manypeopleareconfidentthatpeoplecandefeatdeepfakessoon.However,personally,itisverychallengingbecausethistechnologyhasalwaysfallenbehindthedeepfakes.5．Whatcanbelearntaboutdeepfakes?A．Theyareallmadebyapps.B．Theyareimprovingrapidly.C．Theyaremainlyusedtojoke.D．They’lllosepopularitysoon.6．WhatdoesParagraph3focusonaboutdeepfakes?A．Theanxietiesraisedbythem.B．Theresultscausedbythem.C．Thewaysofmakingthem.第62页共62页 D．Thedoubtsaboutthem.7．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetodevelopingAItoolstorecognizedeepfakes?A．Optimistic.　B．Supportive.C．Disapproving.　D．Uncertain.8．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．TorecommendnewAItools.B．ToexplaintheimportanceofAI.C．Todescribeatechnologytrend.D．Tostresstechnologyrevolutions.C(2021·北京市海淀区高三下学期二模)Fortoday’sincreasinglyinterconnectedfoodsupplychains,“efficient”iswhatit’ssupposedtobe：Eachcountryspecializesinwhatit’sbest,atandputsitontheglobalmarket.Producersandprocessorswithincountriesspecialize,too,asawaytominimizecosts.Asaresult,atleastintheory,pricesstaylow,theworldgetsfedandeveryonewins.However,thecoronaviruscrisisdemonstrateswhatiswrongwiththisapproach.Whenbarrierspreventfoodfromreachingitsmarkets,ordemandsuddenlydrops—bothofwhicharehappeningnow—thesystemfallsapart.Specializationofthefoodsystemmakesithardtoshiftintodifferentmarketswhendisruptionsarise.Belgium,aleadingexporterofpotatoes,lostsalesnotonlytolocalrestaurantsbutalsotoothercountriesbecauseoflockdowns(封锁)．AtleasttheBelgianscantrytoeatthepotatoesathome.Thatstrategywon’tworkforeverycrop：Ghana,theworld’stopcocoaexporter,lostmarketswhenpeoplestalledfocusingonbuyingessentialitemsinsteadofchocolate.ThelossinexportincomeinAfricamoregenerallycouldhaveahugeimpactifthepandemiccontinues,asmanycountriesthererelyheavilyonimportedwheatandrice.Thepricesofthesegrainshavesoarednotonlybecauseofrisingdemandforthesegrainsduringthecrisis,butalsobecauseafewcountries—includingRussiaandVietnam—imposedexportrestrictionsoutoffearthatsendingfoodabroadwouldleadtohigherpricesathome.Concentratedmarketsdominatedbyjustahandfulofcompaniesheightenfoodsystemfragility.Forexample,justthreemeatpackingplantsprocessover95percentofCanada’sbeefandnearlyallofitsbeefexports.Now,thosemeatprocessingplantshavehadtotemporarilyshutdownbecauseofoutbreaksofCOVID-19amongworkers.Seeingthespoiledproductsacrosstheworldshouldforceallofustorethinkour“efficient”foodsupplies.Weneedtorejuvenate(使恢复活力)localandregionalfoodsystemstoreducethevulnerabilitiesthatcomewithbeingtooreliantonimportedandcorporate-dominatedfoods.Thisdoesn’tmeancuttingoffalltradeorabolishingallpackagedfoods,butitdoesmeanbuildingdiversity,andincreasingopportunitiesforsmallandmedium-scaleenterprisestoflourishinshorter,moresustainablefoodsupplychainsthatareclosertohome.Oneplacetostartisforgovernmentstoshifttheirsupportfromthelarge-scale,specialized第62页共62页 andexport-orientedfoodsystemtobuildinginfrastructureformorediverselocalfoodsystems.Aroundtheworld,small-scaleandorganicproducershavebeenoverwhelmedwiththesurgeininterestfromcustomerswhowanttobuydirectlyfromfarmersduringthecrisis.Buttheseproducersoftenlacktheinfrastructuretomeetthatdemand.Asgovernmentsaroundtheworldpassstimuluspackagestoaddressthecrisis,buildingmorediverseandlocalizedfoodsystemsshouldbeanobviousinclusion.9．Intheory,specializationofthefoodsystem________.A．adaptstochangesefficientlyB．balancessupplyanddemandC．focusesonessentialitemsD．reducescostsofproduction10．Theunderlinedword“fragility”inParagraph5means________.A．weakness　B．diversityC．unfairness　D．complexity11．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Afewcountriesrestrictexportstostabilizelocalfoodprices.B．GrainpricesriseduetoAfrica’sdependenceonimportation.C．GhanamightbelessaffectedbylockdownsthanBelgiumwas.D．Packaged-foodconsumptionshouldbeencouragedtoaddressthecrisis.12．Themainpurposeofthispassageisto________.A．exposefoodsecurityissuesduringthecrisisB．advocateestablishingdiverselocalfoodsystemsC．discussthedevelopmentofasustainableeconomyD．provetheimportanceofsoundgovernmentpolicies阅读理解(六)　主旨大意类A(2021·江西六校高三3月联考)Migratingterns(燕鸥)maychangetheirflightplansbasedonakeensenseofcomingtyphoons,escapingtheimpactofthestormsbutstillbenefitingfromfeedingopportunitiesintheirwakes.ResearchersexamineddatarecordedbytrackingdevicesonsixternsfromOkinawa,Japan,tolearnmoreaboutthebirds’migrationsovermultipleyears.TheternsflewacrosspartofthePhilippineSea’s“typhoonhighway”togettotheislandsofBorneoandSulawesiandvariedtheirleavingtimes—oftenapparentlywaitingtodepartuntilalargetyphoonwasabouttocrosstheirprojectedpath.“Theyseemtobeabletopredictit，”saysJean-BaptisteThiebot,apostdoctoralfellowattheNationalInstituteofPolarResearchinJapanandleadauthorofthenewstudy,whichwaspublishedinJuneinMarineBiology.Thestudyoffersfewcluesabouthowternsmightdothis,but第62页共62页 otherresearchsuggestssomemigratingbirdsdetectinfrasonic(次声的)weathersignalsorobservechangingclouds.TheternsThiebotstudiedtypicallyavoidedthetyphoonsthemselves.Butthesestormscanchurn(剧烈搅动)foodtotheoceansurface,sotheimmediateresultsmayhelpthehungrytravelers.Theymightactuallyusethetyphoontoknowwhentoleavefortheirmigrationseachyear,Thiebotsays.Intheunusuallyquiet2017season,withnosignofastrongtyphoon,thebirdsstartedtheirjourneyslaterandflewwithoutpitstops.Thiebotwouldliketoseethispatternconfirmedinalargerstudy.Healsoworriesthatincreasingtyphoonfrequencycouldaffectbirds’predictionaccuracy,possiblygettingthemcaughtindangerousweather.RobertGill,aretiredresearchwildlifebiologist,saysthatalthoughthestudy’ssamplesizeissmall,itaddstoscientists’overallunderstandingofmigration.“Theyareabletopredictbetterthanthebestweatherforecasterswehave，”Gillsays,“butthey’vealsohadtensofthousands,ifnotmillions,ofyearstohonethatskill.”1．WhatdidtheternsdoaftergettingtotheislandsofBorneoandSulawesi?A．Theyvariedtheirprojectedpath.B．Theystayedtherefortheexacttimetoleave.C．Theystayedawaketofindfeedingchances.D．Theychurnedfoodtotheoceansurface.2．AccordingtoThiebot,whydidtheternssetoffontheirjourneyslaterinthe2017season?A．Theymightnotdetectstrongtyphoonsignals.B．Theydidn’tfindenoughfood.C．Theywerecaughtindangerousweather.D．Theywantedtoflywithoutstops.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hone”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Teach.　B．Develop.C．Ignore.　D．Share.4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Theimpactoftyphoons.B．Anewapproachtoforecastingweather.C．Theprocessofterns’migrations.D．Terns’abilitytopredicttyphoon.B(2021·广东省汕头市金山中学高三下学期第三次模拟考试)Fortopstudentsfromlow-incomefamilies,thechallengeofapplyingtocollegesisparticularlydifficult.1in4dealwithallofthat—thewriting,thestudying,theresearchingandapplying—completelyontheirown.Oneapproachtomakethiswholeprocesseasier？Pairstudentsupwithanadviser.That’stheideabehindCollegePoint,aninitiativetohelpgiftedstudentsgotoschoolsthat第62页共62页 matchtheirintellectual(智力的)ability.Whenahighschoolstudenttakesastandardizedtest—thePSAT,SATorACT—andtheyscoreinthe90thpercentile,andtheirfamiliesmakelessthan$80,000ayear,theygetanemailfromtheprogramofferingthemafreeadviser.Theadviserslisten,guideandanswerstudents’questions.ConnorRechtzigel,anadviserinMinnesota,seestheimportanceofhisrole,forresearchshowsthatlow-incomestudentsarefarmorelikelytoundermatchbecausetheydon’tthinktheyhavewhatittakestogetinandbecausemanydon’tevenknowwhatschoolsareoutthere.HehelpedhighschoolseniorJusticeBenjamin,thefirstinhisfamilytoapplytocollege,thinkaboutwhathisideallearningexperiencewas.Finally,Justicenarrowedinonsmallerschoolswherehecouldstudyenvironmentalscienceandmadehisfinalchoice：SkidmoreCollegeinNewYork.Hefeltempoweredbytheprocess.Figuringouthowtopayforcollegeisamajorpartofwhat,CollegePointadvisersdo.Nakhle,anadviserinNorthCarolina,isworkingwithHensley,anOhiohighschoolseniorwhocan’tgetextrafinancialhelpfromherfamily.Theyspentalotoftimecomparingandanalyzingherfinancial-aidawardletters,whichmadeherdecisionmuchclearer.Finally,theOhioStateUniversityofferedanoptionwhereshewouldpaynothing.Stayingin-statewasn’therfirstchoice,butitwasthebestoptionforher.5．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．HowCollegePointworks.B．ThegoalofCollegePoint.C．Waystoapplyforafreeadviser.D．Thechallengeofchoosingcolleges.6．Whatpreventslow-incomestudentsfromattendingpropercolleges?A．Overestimatingtheirabilities.B．Knowinglittleaboutcolleges.C．Lackofenoughlearningexperience.D．Failuretogetsupportfromtheirfamilies.7．WhydidHensleyfinallychoosetheOhioStateUniversity?A．Shedidn’twanttostayfarfromhome.B．Herfavoritemajorwasprovidedthere.C．Shewouldshowhertalentstothefull.D．Theuniversitymetherfinancialneeds.8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．HowtoBeaFinancialAdviserB．StepsforTopStudentstoSelectIdealCollegesC．AdvisersHelpPoorStudentsApplytoSuitableCollegesD．CollegePoint—aProgramHelpingStudentsScoreHighC第62页共62页 (2021·江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高三下学期第二次高考模拟)Whenwe’vegotchildren,it’stypicalofustogivecarefulthoughttohowmuchTVthechildrenarewatchingandthatthey’reexposedto.ArewebeingoverprotectiveabouttheeffectrealityTVishavingonourchild？Theansweris“No”．Orrather,there’sincreasingevidencethattheseprogrammescanhaveaprofoundinfluenceonyoungpeople.ArecentresearchindicatesthatsomerealityTVshowscanbeeverybitasdamagingforteenagegirlsastoomanycartoonsareforkids—perhapsevenworse.ThetruthisthatrealityTVisanythingbutreality—butthat’snotnecessarilywhatourchildrenbelieve.AstudyfortheGirlScoutResearchInstituteintheUSfoundthateightoutoftengirlsagedbetween11and17whoregularlywatchrealityshowsbelievetheseprogrammesdescribereallife.Infact,muchofrealityTVisaheavilymanipulatedviewofwhat’sreallyhappening,andtheworstofitstrengthensthesortoffemalestereotypeswomenhavespentdecadestryingtoremove.ManyofthewomenonrealityTVshowsareactingoutlivesasteenagemothersordramaqueens.Strong,hard-working,purposefulyoungwomenwithambitionsbeyondtheirlooksarerareintheseprogrammes.There’sawidespreademphasisonthevalueofwomenbeingabouthowtheylookanddress,whichgivesyoungviewersthemessagethatbeingawomanisallaboutstyleandappearance,notwhatyoudoorstandfor.CulturalcriticandwriterJenniferPoznerdescribesrealityTVas“thecontemporarynegativereactionagainstfeminism”．ImranSiddiquee,DirectorofSocialMediaandOutreach,isconcernedthattheseprogrammesshowtheworststereotypesofwomanhoodand“normalize”theminwhatappeartobeeverydaysettings.“Theyoffersuchalimitedviewofwhatitistobeawoman,andallovertheworldyounggirlsareaddictedtoit，”hesays.Siddiqueedoesrecognize,however,thatmanygirlsthemselvesvaluerealityTV.Somesayitencouragesthemtothinkaboutsituationsdifferentfromtheirown.Theyalsopointoutthatsomeshowsfeaturewomenrunningtheirownsuccessfulbusinesses.“It’simportanttoacknowledgethattherearesomeusefulelementsinrealityTV，”Siddiqueesays.“Butmanygirlsneedtobeinspiredtothinkmorecriticallyaboutsomeaspectsoftheseshowssothey’renotmanipulatedbythemandsotheirbehaviourdoesn’tchangebecauseofthem.”Weshouldencourageourchildrentobecriticalthinkersandhelpthemdeveloptheirmedialiteracy.WhetherrealityTVischangingourchildren’sviews,orwhethertheyareattractedtoprogrammesthatagreewiththeirbeliefs,it’svitalwerecognizethattheirviewinghabitscouldstrengthentheseunbalancedideas.9．Thispassageismostprobablyintendedfor________.A．teenagegirls　B．parentsC．mediaworkers　D．generalpublic10．WhatistheproblemwitharealityTVshow?A．Itistootruetolifeforaudiencetobelievein.B．Actorsanddirectorslackasenseofinnovation.C．Itscontentsandviewsareratherartificial.第62页共62页 D．Ithascausedcontroversiesamongteenagers.11．AccordingtotheImranSiddquee,whatshouldrealityTVshowspresent?A．Genuineaccountsoffemalesandtheirwork.B．Waystogainmorepopularityamongpeers.C．DistinctionbetweentruelifeandTVdramas.D．Tipsonhowtobecomestylishyounggirls.12．Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?A．SituationswhereteenagersareattractedtocertainTVprogrammes.B．RealityTVshows’impactonyounggirlsandparent’sguidance.C．Thewaytohelpchildrentohavethehabitofcriticalthinking.D．ThestereotypesofwomenonTVandaudience’sreaction.阅读理解(七)　标题归纳题A(2021·山东省(新高考)高三二模英语试卷(三))Whenmusiccomeson,somepeoplearetoe-lappersorhead-bobbers,othersshaketheirhips,andthentherearethosewholettherhythmmovethemtoafull-bodyboogie(布吉舞)．But,whateveritis,thewaywedancetoabeatissonoticeabletoanindividualthatacomputercannowidentifyusbyouruniquedancing“fingerprint”．ResearchersattheCentreforInterdisciplinaryMusicResearchatFinland’sUniversityofJyv-skylhavebeenusingmotioncapture(动作捕捉)technologytostudywhataperson’sdancemovessayabouthisorhermood,personality,andabilitytosympathize.TheyrecentlymadeanaccidentaldiscoverywhiletryingtoseeifanMLmachine,aformofartificialintelligence,wouldbeabletoidentifywhichkindofmusicwasplayingbasedonhowtheparticipantsofthestudyweredancing.Intheirstudy,theresearchersmotioncaptured73participantswiththeAItechnologywhiletheydancedtoeightdifferentmusicgenres：electronica,jazz,metal,pop,rap,reggae,country,andblues.Theonlyinstructionthedancersweregivenwastomoveinawaythatfeltnatural.Butwhatitcoulddowasmoreshocking.Thecomputerwasabletocorrectlyidentifywhichmusiconeoftheparticipantswasdancingto94percentofthetime,regardlessofwhatkindofmusicwasplaying,basedonthepatternofaperson’sdancestyle.Itwasthemovementofparticipants’heads,shouldersandkneesthatwereimportantmarkersindistinguishingbetweenindividual.“Itseemsasthoughaperson’sdancemovementsakindoffingerprint.Eachpersonhasauniquemovementsignaturethatstaysthesamenomatterwhatkindofmusicisplaying，”saidPasiSaari,aco-authorofthestudy,inaclass.It’spossiblethatdance-recognitionsoftwarecouldbecomesomethingsimilartoface-recognitionsoftwarebutitdoesn’tseemaspractical.Fornow,researcherssaythattheyarenotasinterestedinpossiblesurveillance(监视)usesofthistechnology,butratherwhattheresultsofthisstudysayabouthowhumansrespondtomusic.Sodon’tworryaboutbeingidentifiedatnightclubbyanAIviayoursignaturedancemovesyet.第62页共62页 1．WhatdidtheresearchersexpecttodowiththeMLmachine?A．Testthedancers’flexibility.　B．Makedancersaccustomedtothebeat.C．Identifythemusicusingdancers’moves.　D．Checktheaccuracyofmotioncapturetechnology.2．WhatmightnothelptheAItechnologydetermineadancer’sidentity?A．Headmovement.　B．Footmovement.C．Kneemovement.　D．Shouldermovement.3．Whatdoresearcherswanttousetheresultsfor?A．Puttingitontheapplicationmarket.　B．Programmingittoworkatnightclub.C．Learningaboutthehumanresponsetomusic.　D．Developingasoftwarelikeface-recognition.4．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．Amusicstylematterslessthanitsbeat.B．NewAIcangenerateyournextdancemove.C．Adance-recognitionsoftwarewillbecomemorepopular.D．NewAIcanidentifyyoubyyourdancing“fingerprint”．B(2021·贵州省毕节市高三年级诊断性考试(三))E-cigarettescandamagevitalimmunesystemcellsandmaybemoreharmfulthanpreviouslythought,astudysuggests.Researchersfounde-cigarettevapourdisabledimportantimmunecellsinthelungandboostedinflammation(炎症)．Theresearcherscautionagainstthewidelyheldopinionthate-cigarettesaresafe.However,PublicHealthEnglandadvisestheyaremuchlessharmfulthansmokingandpeopleshouldnothesitatetousethemasanaidtogivingupcigarettes.Thesmallexperimentalstudy,ledbyProfDavidThickett,attheUniversityofBirmingham,ispublishedonlineinthejournalThorax.Previousstudieshavefocusedonthechemicalelementsofe-cigaretteliquidbeforeitisvaped.Inthisstudy,theresearchersdesignedamechanicalprocesstomimic(模拟)vapinginthelaboratory,usinglungtissuesamplesprovidedbyeightnon-smokers.Theyfoundvapourcausedinflammationandimpairedtheactivityofalveolarmacrophagescells(肺泡巨噬细胞)thatremovedpotentiallydamagingdustparticles,bacteriaandallergens.Theysailsomeoftheeffectsweresimilartothoseseeninregularsmokersandpeoplewithchroniclungdisease.Theycautionthattheresultsareonlyinlaboratoryconditionsandtheyareplanningtodomoreresearchtobetterunderstandthelong-termhealthimpactthechangesrecordedtookplaceonly48hours.ProfThicketsaidwhilee-cigarettesweresaferthantraditionalcigarettesintermsofcancer第62页共62页 risk,theymaystillbeharmfulinthelong-term.Ifyouvapefor20or30years,youcansufferfromCOPD(chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease),thenthat’ssomethingweneedtoknowabout.5．What’sthewidelyheldopinionaboute-cigarettes?A．They’remoreharmful.　　　B．They’relessharmful.C．They’reunknowntopeople.　　　D．They’reharmless.6．Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?A．It’sbelievable.B．It’sconductednarrowly.C．It’sacceptedbymostpeople.D．It’scarriedoutinAmerica.7．Whatcanwelearnaboute-cigarettesfromthelastparagraph?A．Theyaresaferintermsofmentalproblems.B．Theymaybelittleharminthelongrun.C．Theyaresaferwithregardtocancerrisk.D．Theycancompletelyreplacetraditionalones.8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Cane-cigarettesdamagevitalbrainsystemcells?B．Cane-cigarettesbecomepopularamongpeople?C．Cane-cigarettesberecommendedtosmokers?D．Canc-cigarettesdamagevitalimmunesystemcells?C(2021·江西南昌市高三一模)Ajointresearchteamrecentlyhavedevelopedanewelectronicskinthatissimilartohumanskininstrength,durability(耐久性)andsensitivity.Theskinore-skinmayplayanimportantroleinnext-generationpersonalizedmedicine,softroboticsandartificialintelligence.“Theideale-skinwillmimic(模仿)manynaturalfunctionsofhumanskin,suchassensingtemperatureandtouch,accuratelyandinrealtime，”saysleadingresearcherYichenCai.However,makingsuitablyflexibleelectronicsthatcanperformsuchdelicatetaskswhilealsousedrepeatedlyischallenging,andeachmaterialinvolvedmustbecarefullyengineered.Moste-skinsaremadebyputtinganactivesensoronthesurfacethatattachestohumanskin.However,theconnectionbetweenthemisoftentooweak,whichreducesthedurabilityandsensitivityofthematerial；otherwise,ifitistoostrong,itwon’tbeflexibleenough,makingitmorelikelytobreakthecircuit.“Thelandscapeofskinelectronicskeepsshiftingataremarkablepace，”saysCai.“Thediscoveryof2Dsensorshasacceleratedeffortstoturnthesequitethinbutstrongmaterialsintofunctional,durableartificialskins.”Thenewman-madeskinbuiltbytheresearcherscouldsenseobjectsfrom20centimetersaway.Itcouldfurthermakeaquickresponsewhentouchedinlessthanonetenthofasecond.“It第62页共62页 isastrikingachievementforane-skintomaintaintoughnessafterrepeateduse，”saidShen,“whichmimicsthesoftnessandrapidrecoveryofhumanskin.”Thistypeofe-skincouldmonitorarangeofbiologicalinformation,suchaschangesinbloodpressure,whichcanbedetectedfrommovementsofarmsandlegs.ThisdatacanthenbesharedandstoredonthecloudviaWi-Fi.“Oneremainingproblemtothewidespreaduseofe-skinsliesinmassproductionofhigh-resolutionsensors，”addsgroupleaderVincentTung“however,thelatesttechnologyoffersnewpromise.”9．What’sthefeatureofthenewe-skin?A．Itcanstoreinformation.B．It’squitehardandtough.C．It’sflexibleandsensitive.D．Itcanreplacehumanskin.10．Whydoestheauthormention“moste-skins”inParagraph3?A．Tostressthechallengesofmakinge-skins.B．Tointroducethepopularityofe-skins.C．Toshowtheprocessofmakinge-skins.D．Tocomparethesimilaritybetweene-skins.11．Whatcanthenewe-skindo?A．Adjustthebloodpressure.B．Recoverthewoundedskin.C．Workasaremotecontroller.D．Sensetheoutsidetemperature.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ABreakthroughinHi-techB．Man-madeSkin,ImprovedC．E-skin,APromisingBusinessD．TheWidespreadUseofE-skin第62页共62页 参考答案与试题解析阅读理解(一)　细节理解类A(2021·福建省厦门市高三毕业班第三次质量检测)WhenyouthinkofChinesefoodintheU.S.,friedrice,orGeneralTso’schickenmayfirstcometomind.ButanewmuseumexhibitioninNewYorkCityistryingtoexpandvisitors’palates(味蕾)．ItfeaturesstoriesoffamouscookslikeMartinYanandhomecookswhosefoodrepresents18differentregionalcookingstylesofChina.“Ithinkit’sunfairtojustclassifyChinesecookingasone，”saysKianLamKho,aco-curator(策展人)of“Sour,Sweet,Bitter,Spicy：StoriesofChineseFoodandIdentityinAmerica”attheMuseumofChineseinAmerica.“Evenwiththesamedishorsamecuisine,everyfamilyhasadifferentvariation.”That’swhythecuratorssayifyouwanttotastethefullrangeofChinesecuisineintheU．S,you’llneedtogobeyondrestaurantsandintohomekitchens,whichcanplayacentralroleinmanyimmigrants’lives.“Thekitchenitselfiskindofacomfortwhenyoucometoanewcountry.That’stheoneplacewhereyousetupasyourhomebase,andyoucookthingsthatyourememberfromyourpast，”explainsco-curatorAudraAng.OneofthehomecooksshowcasedintheexhibitionisNiBiying,80,ofManhattan.Sheworkedasalive-inbabysitterforyearsbeforeshecouldfinallyaffordtorentahomewithherownkitchen.Thesedays,youcanusuallyfindhermovingaroundherone-bedroomapartmentasasweetsmellofvinegarandricewinefloatsfromherstove.ForNi,asmalldinnerforfriendsandfamilymeanspreparingalmostadozendifferentdishes.Shelearnedsomeofhertechniquesfromherfather,whomademostofherfamily’smealswhenshewasachild.“Istillmakethebeefwithstir-friedcelerymyfatherusedtocook，”shesays.Andit’sthekindofcomfortfoodthatdefinesChinesefoodforNi.1．Whatisthenewmuseumexhibitionmainlyabout?A．StoriesofChinesefoodandcooks.B．Explorationoffamousrestaurants.C．HistoryofChineseimmigration.D．Cuisineofdifferentcountries.2．Whydoesthekitchenplayakeyroleinmanyimmigrants’lives?A．Itprovidesawealthylife.B．Ithelpsthemtoacceptnewcultures.C．Itbringsasenseofbelonging.D．Itenablesthemtoforgetthepast.3．WhatcanwelearnaboutNiBiyingfromParagraph4?A．SheworkedinaChineserestaurant.第62页共62页 B．Shemademostmealsasachild.C．Shelearnedcookingfromherfather.D．Sheliveswithabigfamily.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ChineseRestaurantTellsImmigrantTalesB．HomeCookingBringsMoretotheTableC．ImmigrantsSeektheirFortuneintheU．S.D．CuisineGainsNewVariations【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了家常菜在移民的生活中的核心作用、特点和一位著名的家庭厨师，说明家常菜给餐桌带来更多乐趣。1．A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“ItfeaturesstoriesoffamouscookslikeMartinYanandhomecookswhosefoodrepresents18differentregionalcookingstylesofChina.(它讲述了著名厨师的故事，如阎马丁和家庭厨师，他们的食物代表了中国18种不同的地方烹饪风格。)”可知，新博物馆的展览主要是关于中国食物和厨师的故事。故选A。2．C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Thekitchenitselfiskindofacomfortwhenyoucometoanewcountry.(当你来到一个新的国家，厨房本身就是一种安慰。)”和第二句“That’stheoneplacewhereyousetupasyourhomebase,andyoucookthingsthatyourememberfromyourpast(那是你把它作为你的大本营的地方，你烹饪的东西都是你从过去的记忆中得来的)”可知，厨房在许多移民的生活中起着关键作用是因为它带来一种归属感。故选C。3．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第三句“Shelearnedsomeofhertechniquesfromherfather,whomademostofherfamily’smealswhenshewasachild.(她从父亲那里学到了一些技巧，父亲在她小时候做了家里的大部分饭菜。)”可知，她向她父亲学习了烹饪。故选C。4．B　标题归纳题。根据第二段最后一句“That’swhythecuratorssayifyouwanttotastethefullrangeofChinesecuisineintheU．S,you’llneedtogobeyondrestaurantsandintohomekitchens,whichcanplayacentralroleinmanyimmigrants’lives.(这就是为什么馆长们说，如果你想在美国品尝全方位的中国菜，你需要超越餐馆，进入家庭厨房，而家庭厨房在许多移民的生活中起着核心作用。)”且文中介绍了家常菜在移民的生活中的核心作用和一位著名的家庭厨师可知，文章主要是讲家常菜给餐桌带来更多乐趣。故选B。B(2021·江西赣州市高三一模)UltimateEarsHYPERBOOMSpeaker($399.99)Withitslongbatterylife,andincrediblesoundquality,thisiscurrentlymyfavoriteBluetoothspeaker.TheHYPERBOOMalsoboastsa24-hourbatterylife.Iusethisspeakerinplaceofahomestereo(立体声音响)formusic.It’sloudenoughtofillalargeroomandmobileenoughtotakefromroomtoroom.Theappallowsyoutoswitchsources,adjustthevolume(音量),andeven第62页共62页 powerthespeakeronoroffwithouthavingtogetup!UrbanistaBrisbaneWirelessSpeaker($99)IlovethewaythisportableBluetoothspeakerlooksinourkitchen.Thesoundqualityisincredible.OnefunctionallowsyoutopairtwoUrbanistasinstereo,doublingthevolumecapabilityanddeliveringasurroundsound.Unfortunately,youhavetorepairthespeakerstogethereachtimeyouusetheminstereo.Thisisasmart,stylishBluetoothspeakerthat’lllookandsoundgreatonyourshelf.AudioProAddonCIOSpeaker($349)Withitseasysetupandincrediblesoundquality,thisisoneofthebestWi-Fi-enabledspeakersonthemarket.Ithasnearlyeverypossibleconnectionport,allowingyoutobroadcasttootherWi-Fienabledspeakersinyourhouse.NaimMu-so2WirelessSpeaker($1,690)ThisbeautifulWi-Ficonnectedsoundsystemisperfectformusic.Thestylishdesignwillfitneatlyinanylivingroomandfillthespacewithimpressivelyloudsound.Oneuniquefeatureisthatyoucansetyourfavoriteinternetradiostationandturnitonwithasinglebutton.5．WhatcanwelearnabouttheHYPERBOOM?A．Itresistsoilandwater.B．Itcanbecontrolledbyanapp.C．Itneedschargingfrequently.D．It’snotsuitableforalargeroom.6．WhatislessthansatisfactoryaboutUrbanistaspeaker?A．It’simmovable.　B．Itbreakseasily.C．It’snoteasytouse.　D．It’snotloudenough.7．Whichisawisechoiceifyouoftenlistentointernetradio?A．UltimateEarsHYPERBOOMSpeaker.B．UrbanistaBrisbaneWirelessSpeaker.C．AudioProAddonCIOSpeaker.D．NaimMu-so2WirelessSpeaker.【语篇解读】　这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四款音箱的一些基本信息。5．B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Theappallowsyoutoswitchsources,adjustthevolume(音量),andevenpowerthespeakeronoroffwithouthavingtogetup！(这款应用可以让你切换音源，调整音量，甚至不用起身就可以打开或关闭音箱！)”可知，HYPERBOOM音箱可以通过app操作。故选B。6．C　细节理解题。根据第二段“Unfortunately,youhavetorepairthespeakerstogethereachtimeyouusetheminstereo.(不幸的是，每次以立体声方式使用扬声器时，都必须一起修理扬声器。)”可知，Urbanista令人不太满意之处是使用不便。故选C。7．D　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Oneuniquefeatureisthatyoucansetyourfavoriteinternetradiostationandturnitonwithasingle第62页共62页 button.(一个独特的功能是，你可以设置你最喜欢的网络电台，然后用一个按钮打开它。)”可知，如果你经常听网络电台，你可以选择NaimMu-so2无线音箱。故选D。C(2021·江苏省海安高级中学高三下期新高考模拟二)Mobilitychallenges？HelpisathandExperiencingdiminished(减弱的)mobilitycanbeextremelydifficult.Whenpeopletalkaboutit,alotofthefocusisonthephysicalconsequences,butcopingwithitsemotionalimpact-thelossoffreedom,theknocktoyourconfidenceandthefeelingsoffrustrationarejustassignificantasthephysical.MobilityscootersTherearevariousresourcesandmobilityaidsouttherethatcanhelp-wheelchair,mobilityscooterorwalkingaid,etc.Ifyoustruggletowalk,butneedtotravellongdistances,amobilityscootermightbeabetterchoice.OnethatyoushouldconsideristheeFOLDiLitescooter,theWorld’slightestfoldingmobilityscooterfromSunTech.MakingtraveleasierItcanbetransportedeasilyinacaroronaplanesoyounolongerhavetofacetravelrestrictionsandyoucanenjoyyourfreedommuchmoreasitisextremelyportable,easytouseandsuperlightweight—atonly15kg—it’stheperfecttravelandmobilitycompanion.Userscanunfoldthescooterinsecondsandit’spackedfullofbeneficialfeaturesthatwillimproveyourdaytodayjourneysandmaketravellingmoreaccessibleforyou.Pre-orderSupportersofthecampaigncanpre-orderaneFOLDiLiteonKickstarterforasuperearlybirdpriceof￡1,200whichis50%ofthefutureretailprice,plusa￡80shippingcost.Thecampaignendson11thFebruary2021．FormoreinformationabouteFOLDiLite,visithttp：//reservefold.com/？scooter＝exclusive.8．Whyarethepsychologicaleffectsofdiminishedmobilitymentionedatthebeginning?A．Tointroducethetopicofdiminishedmobility.B．ToprovidemoreknowledgeabouteFOLDiLite.C．Todrawpeople’sattentiontopsychologicalhealth.D．ToattractmorepotentialcustomersofeFOLDiLite.9．WhichofthefollowingistheadvantageofeFOLDiLite?A．Itcanbeunfoldedwithcertainhelp.B．Itcanridyouoftravelrestrictions.C．Itcanbechargedquicklyandeasily.D．Itismoresuitableforalongjourney.10．HowmuchwillyoupayatleastwhenorderingtheproductontheInternet?A．￡1,280．　B．￡600．C．￡2,480．　D．￡1,240．第62页共62页 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上最轻的一款可折叠移动滑板车。8．D　推理判断题。根据Mobilityscooters部分中的“Ifyoustruggletowalk,butneedtotravellongdistances,amobilityscootermightbeabetterchoice.OnethatyoushouldconsideristheeFOLDiLitescooter,theWorld’slightestfoldingmobilityscooterfromSunTech.(如果你走路很吃力，但需要长途旅行，机动滑板车可能是一个更好的选择。其中一个你应该考虑的是eFOLDiLite滑板车，世界上最轻的可折叠移动滑板车来自尚德)”可推知，一开始就提到了行动能力减弱的心理影响是为了吸引更多的eFOLDiLite滑板车的潜在客户。故选D。9．B　细节理解题。根据Makingtraveleasier部分中的“Itcanbetransportedeasilyinacaroronaplanesoyounolongerhavetofacetravelrestrictionsandyoucanenjoyyourfreedommuchmoreasitisextremelyportable,easytouseandsuperlightweight—atonly15kg—it’stheperfecttravelandmobilitycompanion.(它可以很容易地在汽车或飞机上运输，所以你不必面对旅行限制，你可以享受更多的自由，因为它非常便携，易于使用和超轻重量——只有15公斤——它是完美的旅行和移动伴侣。)”可知，eFOLDiLite滑板车的优势是它可以解除你的旅行限制。故选B。10．A　数字计算题。根据倒数第二段“Pre-orderSupportersofthecampaigncanpre-orderaneFOLDiLiteonKickstarterforasuperearlybirdpriceof￡1,200whichis50%ofthefutureretailprice,plusa￡80shippingcost.(该活动的预购支持者可以在Kickstarter上预购eFOLDiLite，预购价格为1200英镑，这是未来零售价的50%，外加80英镑的运费。)”可知，在网上订购产品时，你至少要付￡1200＋￡80＝￡1280。故选A。阅读理解(二)　推理判断类A(2021·福建省厦门市高三毕业班第三次质量检测)Lifecontinuallyrequiresthatwewritedownafewwordsofthanks：forholidays,meals,presentsorpeople’splaceinourhearts.However,toooften,ourmessagesendupflatorsomewhatunconvincing.Tomakeourmessagesmoreeffective,wemighttakealessonfromthehistoryofart.Tosomeextent,whatdistinguishesgreatfromcommonartisthelevelofdetailwithwhichtheworldhasbeenstudied.Atalentedartistis,firstandforemost,someonewhotakesusintothespecificsofthereasonswhyanexperienceoraplacefeltvaluable.Theydon’tmerelytellusthatspringis“nice”，theyzero_in_ontheparticularcontributingfactorstothisniceness：leavesthathavethesoftnessofanewborn’shands,thecontrastbetweenawarmsunandasharpbreeze,thesoftcryofbabyblackbirds....Someofthereasonwhygreatartistsarerareisthatourmindsarenotwellsetuptounderstandwhywefeelaswedo.Butwecanbeconfidentifourmindshavebeenaffected,thereasonswhythey’vebeensowillbesomewhere,waitingtobeuncovered.Westandtorealisethatitwasn’tsomuchthatthefoodwas“delicious”；butthatthepotatoesinparticularhadacharmingrosemaryandgarlicflavour.Afriendwasn’tjust“nice”；theybroughtinahugelysensitiveandgeneroustonetobearinaskinguswhatithadbeenlikeforuswhenwesuffered.Thedetailswill第62页共62页 bethere,waitingforustocatchthem.Wedon’thavetobegreatartiststosendeffectivethank-younotes.Wejustneedtolocateandholdontightlytotwoorthreehighlydetailedreasonsforourgratitude.1．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?A．Weseldomexpressgratitudebywriting.B．Weusuallyfindmessagesofthankstouching.C．Weshouldtakeacourseformessagewriting.D．Wemaydrawinspirationforthank-yousfromarts.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“zeroinon”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Leaveout.　B．Clearup.C．Focuson.　D．Holdback.3．HowisParagraph3developed?A．Byclassification.　B．Byexample.C．Bydefinition.　D．Byprocess.4．Whichwouldtheauthorrecommendtoexpressgratitude?A．Iamblessedtohavesuchawonderfulweek.B．Yourcaringandwarmsmilelightsupmyday.C．Thankyousomuchforyourgreatpresent.D．ThisisthemostdeliciousdinnerI’veeverhad.【语篇解读】　这是一篇议论文。作者认为在表达感谢时应该找到并紧紧抓住两三个非常详细的理由。1．D　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Tomakeourmessagesmoreeffective,wemighttakealessonfromthehistoryofart.(为了使我们的信息更有效，我们可以从艺术史上吸取教训)”可知，我们可以从艺术中得到写感谢信的灵感。故选D。2．C　词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中的“leavesthathavethesoftnessofanewborn’shands,thecontrastbetweenawarmsunandasharpbreeze,thesoftcryofbabyblackbirds...(树叶有新生儿的手的柔软，温暖的太阳和刺骨的微风的对比，小黑鸟轻柔的叫声……)”可知，“theparticularcontributingfactorstothisniceness(造成这种美好的特殊因素)”就是指树叶有新生儿的手的柔软，温暖的太阳和刺骨的微风的对比，小黑鸟轻柔的叫声等等，再根据最后一句中的“Theydon’tmerelytellusthatspringis’nice’(他们不仅仅告诉我们春天很好)”可知，此处是指他们不仅仅只说春天很好，还专注在描写细节上，告诉我们因为什么春天很好。所以“zeroinon”意为“专注于”。故选C。3．B　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Butwecanbeconfidentifourmindshavebeenaffected,thereasonswhythey’vebeensowillbesomewhere,waitingtobeuncovered.(但我们可以相信，如果我们的思想受到了影响，那么受到影响的原因将在某个地方，等待被发现。)”和第三段最后一句“Thedetailswillbethere,waitingforustocatchthem.(细节会在那里，等着我们抓住它们。)”可知，第二句和最后一句前后呼应，第三句和第四句“Westandtorealise第62页共62页 thatitwasn’tsomuchthatthefoodwas’delicious’；butthatthepotatoesinparticularhadacharmingrosemaryandgarlicflavour.Afriendwasn’tjust’nice’；theybroughtinahugelysensitiveandgeneroustonetobearinaskinguswhatithadbeenlikeforuswhenwesuffered.(我们会意识到，食物并不是那么美味；但土豆特别有迷迭香和大蒜的香味。朋友不仅仅是“好”的；当我们遭受苦难时，他们带着一种非常敏感和慷慨的语气问我们怎么样。)”是在对此举例。由此可知，第三段是通过举例来论证观点。故选B。4．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Wejustneedtolocateandholdontightlytotwoorthreehighlydetailedreasonsforourgratitude.(我们只需要找到并紧紧抓住两三个非常详细的理由来表达我们的感激之情。)”可知，作者认为在表达感谢时应该找到并紧紧抓住两三个非常详细的理由，所以选项B.Yourcaringandwarmsmilelightsupmyday.(你的关怀和温暖的微笑照亮了我的一天。)属于这种详细的理由，作者会推荐选项B。故选B。B(2021·宁夏石嘴山市高考二模)AWildChild’sGuidetoEndangeredAnimalsFromNewYorkTimesbestsellingauthorMillieMarottacomesthisgorgeouscelebrationoftheanimalkingdom.Highlighting43endangeredspecies,thebooktakesreadersonatriparoundtheworldwhilelearningaboutrareandwell-knownanimalsandtheirhabitats.MarcovaldoMarcovaldoisacollectionof20shortstorieswrittenbyItaloCalvino.DescribingthelifeofapoorruralmanlivinginnorthernItaly,thestoriesunfoldaccordingtotheseasonalcycleofayear.Commonthemesinthestoriesincludepollution,failureandpoverty.TheArtofMondoOvertheyears,Mondohasreceivedglobalrecognitionforitsincredibleartpostersthatbringtolifeclassicfilms,televisionshows,andcomicssuchasJurassicPark.Forthefirsttime,TheArtofMondobringstogetherthishighlysought-afterartinonevolumethatshowcasestheincrediblecreativityofthestudio’sartistswhosevastlydifferentstylesareunitedbyoneguidingprinciple：limitlesspassionfortheirsubjectmatters.TheComingoftheThirdReichThereisnostoryin20th-centuryhistorymoreimportanttounderstandthanHitler’srisetopowerandthecollapse(坍塌)ofcivilizationinNaziGermany.TheComingoftheThirdReich,byRichardEvans,offersamasterfulcombinationofacademicwork,importantnewresearchandinterpretations.PatriarchyandCapitalismChizukoUeno,aleadingJapanesesociologist,feministcriticandpublicintellectual,hasbeenapioneerinwomen’sstudiesandtheauthorofmanybooks,includingPatriarchyandCapitalism.5．Whichbookwillyouchooseifyouareinterestedinart?A．Marcovaldo.　B．TheArtofMondo.第62页共62页 C．TheComingoftheThirdReich　D．PatriarchyandCapitalism.6．Whocaresaboutwomen’srightsandinterests?A．MillieMarotta.　B．ItaloCalvino.C．RichardEvans.　D．ChizukoUeno.7．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Tointroduceartforms.B．Torememberfivewriters.C．Torecommendqualitybooks.D．Tocomparedifferentcultures.【语篇解读】　这是一应用文。文章主要介绍了五本值得阅读的书籍，并分别介绍了每本书的大概内容。5．B　推理判断题。根据“TheArtofMondo”部分内容“Overtheyears,Mondohasreceivedglobalrecognitionforitsincredibleartpostersthatbringtolifeclassicfilms,televisionshows,andcomicssuchasJurassicPark.Forthefirsttime,TheArtofMondobringstogetherthishighlysought-afterartinonevolumethatshowcasestheincrediblecreativityofthestudio’sartistswhosevastlydifferentstylesareunitedbyoneguidingprinciple：limitlesspassionfortheirsubjectmatters.(多年来，Mondo以其令人难以置信的艺术海报获得了全球的认可，这些海报把经典电影、电视剧以及《侏罗纪公园》等漫画表现得栩栩如生。TheArtofMondo首次将这一备受追捧的艺术汇集在一本书中，展示了工作室艺术家们难以置信的创造力，他们的风格迥异，但却被一个指导原则所统一：对主题的无限热情)”可知，“TheArtofMondo”这本书中把Mondo所创作的艺术海报汇集起来，展示了工作室艺术家们难以置信的创造力，也就是说，这本书与艺术相关。由此可推断出，如果你对艺术感兴趣，你可以选“TheArtofMondo”。故选B。6．D　细节理解题。根据“PatriarchyandCapitalism”部分内容“ChizukoUeno,aleadingJapanesesociologist,feministcriticandpublicintellectual,hasbeenapioneerinwomen’sstudiesandtheauthorofmanybooks,includingPatriarchyandCapitalism.(上野千鹤子是日本著名的社会学家、女权主义批评家和公共知识分子，是女性研究的先驱，著有《父权制与资本主义》等多部著作)”可知，“PatriarchyandCapitalism”这本书的作者ChizukoUeno是日本著名的女权主义批评家，是女性研究的先驱。由此可知，关心妇女权益的人是“PatriarchyandCapitalism”的作者ChizukoUeno。故选D。7．C　写作意图题。通读文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了五本值得阅读的书籍，分别是AWildChild’sGuidetoEndangeredAnimals,Marcovaldo,TheArtofMondo,TheComingoftheThirdReich和PatriarchyandCapitalism，并分别介绍了每本书的大概内容。由此可推断出，这篇文章的主要目的是推荐优质的书籍。故选C。C(2021·江西九校高三一模)第62页共62页 Inthismostunusualyear,thegiftofgivingwillfeelespeciallygood.Thesetipscanhelpmaketheseasonmerryandbrightforeveryone.What’sDifferentThisYearHotTicketItemsMayBeExtraHot：Somecompanieshavescaledbacktheirholidayorderingthisyeartotriminventory,sopopularproductsmightselloutfast—instoresandonline.Soifyouseeagoodpriceforanitemonyourlist,besuretograbit.AndplantoshipgiftsatleasttwoweeksbeforeChristmasEve.OnlineSalesWillStartEarlyThisyear,itmaybemorelikeCyberSeason,withonlinepromotionsandsalesstartingrightafterHalloween.Withconcernsaboutcrowds,retailerswilllikelysavealotoftheirinventoryforonlinesales.Toavoidparkinglotchaos,trytopickupyourpurchasesfirstthinginthemorningorlaterintheevening,whenwaittimesshouldbeshorter.OutletsAreOnlineTooIfoneofyourholidayshoppingtraditionsisatriptotheoutlets,youcanstillexperiencethethrillofthebargainhunt—fromhome.Shoppremiumoutlets.comisthevirtualversionofthecountry’slargestoutletcompany.Insomeways,it’sevenbetterthananin-persontripbecauseyoucanshopbyitemorcategoryandimmediatelyseewhatdifferentretailershaveinstock,ratherthangoingstoretostore.WhentoShopNotonThanksgiving：Manystoresthatopenedtheirdoorsontheholidaylastyearhaveannouncedthattheywillbeclosedthisyear.Oneupsideforshoppersisrock-bottompricesassomestoresliquidate(清仓)．Thedownsides：Theymightnotbearoundifyouneedtoreturnsomethingoruseagiftcard.Inotherwords：Bankruptcybuyersbeware.8．Whichisthebesttimetosendgifts?A．October30．　B．December9．C．December15．　D．December24．9．Whatcanwelearnaboutholidayshoppingthisyear?A．Shopperscanonlybuyitemsonline.B．ShoppingonThanksgivingisthebestchoice.C．Popularproductsmightselloutfastonlyinstores.D．ShoppersmayseeagoodpriceforanitemrightafterHalloween.10．Whowillbemostinterestedinthispassage?A．Peoplewhoaremoney-less.B．Peoplewholikeshoppingathome.C．Peoplewhoareretailers.D．Peoplewhoarefondofbargains.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要是给购物者购买礼品的一些建议。8．B　细节理解题。根据文章What’sDifferentThisYear中的“AndplantoshipgiftsatleasttwoweeksbeforeChristmasEve.(至少在圣诞前夜的两周前把礼物寄出去。)”第62页共62页 并根据常识可知，圣诞节前夜是12月24日，所以选项B的12月9日时间最为接近。故选B。9．D　细节理解题。根据文章OnlineSalesWillStartEarly中的“Thisyear,itmaybemorelikeCyberSeason,withonlinepromotionsandsalesstartingrightafterHalloween.Withconcernsaboutcrowds,retailerswilllikelysavealotoftheirinventoryforonlinesales.(今年可能更像网络季，网上促销和促销活动在万圣节后马上开始。出于对人群的担忧，零售商可能会节省大量库存用于网上销售。)”可知，万圣节过后，购物者就能看到商品的好价钱。故选D。10．D　推理判断题。根据文章OutletsAreOnlineToo中的“Ifoneofyourholidayshoppingtraditionsisatriptotheoutlets,youcanstillexperiencethethrillofthebargainhunt—fromhome.(如果你的假日购物习惯之一是去商店购物，你仍然可以在家里体验到买便宜货的刺激。)”和WhentoShop中的“Oneupsideforshoppersisrock-bottompricesassomestoresliquidate(清仓)．(对购物者来说，一个好处是随着一些商店清算，价格会降到最低。)”可推断，喜欢便宜货的人将对本文感兴趣。故选D。阅读理解(三)　词句猜测类A(2021·四川省南充市高三下学期第三次适应性考试)Facialrecognitiontechnologyisalreadywidelyusedbygovernmentsandsomeadvertisingcompanies.Thetechnologyusesmachinelearningtoolstosearchforfacesinanattempttoidentifypeople.Inarecentstudyscientistsannouncedtheyhaddevelopedmachinelearningtoolstotrackthefacesofindividualwildchimpanzees(黑猩猩)．DanSchofieldsaidthatthesystemwasdevelopedtoimprovethequalityofinformationcollectedaboutchimpanzeesinthewildoveralongperiodoftime.“Forspecieslikechimpanzees,whichhavecomplexsociallivesandliveformanyyears,gettingsnapshotsoftheirbehaviorfromshort-termfieldresearchcanonlytellussomuch，”Schofieldsaid.Theresearcherswantedtogetamorecompleteunderstandingofthelivesofthechimpanzeesbystudyingthemoverseveralgenerations.Butdoingthiswouldhaverequiredsearchingthroughhundredsofhoursofvideorecordingsofchimpanzeesinthewild.TheresearchersrecordedtheactivitiesofagroupofchimpanzeesthatlivedintheWestAfricannationofGuinea.Afacialrecognitioncomputermodelwastrainedusingmorethan10millionimagesoftheanimals.Themodelwasthenusedtosearch,recognizeandtrackindividualchimpanzees.Thesystemwasabletoidentifyindividualchimpanzeescorrectlyabout92percentofthetime.Itsuccessfullyidentifiedtheanimals’sex96percentofthetime.Thestudyincludedanexperimentwithhumanstoseehowtheycouldperformagainstthemachinelearningsysteminmakingidentifications.Thehumanpersonswereabletocorrectlyidentifyindividualchimpanzeesabout42percentofthetime.Themachinelearningtoolwasmuchfasteratcompletingtheexperiment.Humanexpertstookabout55minutes,whilethecomputertookonlyseconds.Theresearcherssaytheyarepermittingotherscientiststousethesystemforsimilar第62页共62页 projects.Theyhopethemethodwillbeusedwithotherspeciestorecordanimalbehaviorandmonitordifferentanimalpopulationsintheenvironment.1．WhatcanweinferfromSchofield’swords?A．Researchingchimpanzeesneedsmoreinformation.B．Chimpanzeescanliveaslongashumans.C．Chimpanzeesliketogetsnapshotstoo.D．Short-termfieldresearchprovidesmoreinformation.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”referto?A．Recordingthechimpanzeesinthewild.B．Studyingchimpanzeesoverseveralyears.C．Understandingthelivesofthechimpanzeescompletely.D．Gettingsnapshotsofchimpanzees’behavior.3．Whatdidtheexperimentwithhumansproveinthestudy?A．Humansmakemoreaccurateidentifications.B．Themachinelearningsystemismoreeffective.C．Humanscan’tidentifytheanimals’sexcorrectly.D．Machinelearningtoolstakealittlemoretimeinidentification.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．FacialrecognitionforanimalsisbecomingpopularB．FacialrecognitionishelpinganimalsliveinthewildC．FacialrecognitionplaysaroleinraisinganimalsD．Facialrecognitionisusedtoidentifyandfollowanimals【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍面部识别技术，它用来识别和跟踪动物。1．A　推理判断题。根据第二段中“DanSchofieldsaidthatthesystemwasdevelopedtoimprovethequalityofinformationcollectedaboutchimpanzeesinthewildoveralongperiodoftime.(丹·斯科菲尔德说，开发这个系统是为了提高长期以来收集到的野生黑猩猩信息的质量。)”从Schofield的话里可推知，研究黑猩猩需要更多的信息。故选A。2．C　代词指代题。根据第四段第一句“Theresearcherswantedtogetamorecompleteunderstandingofthelivesofthechimpanzeesbystudyingthemoverseveralgenerations.(研究人员希望通过几代人的研究来更全面地了解黑猩猩的生活。)”由此推知，下句中的this指代的是“完全了解黑猩猩的生活。”故选C。3．B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Thehumanpersonswereabletocorrectlyidentifyindividualchimpanzeesabout42percentofthetime.Themachinelearningtoolwasmuchfasteratcompletingtheexperiment.Humanexpertstookabout55minutes,whilethecomputertookonlyseconds.(人类识别黑猩猩个体的正确率约为42%。机器学习工具完成实验的速度要快得多。人类专家花了55分钟，而计算机只花了几秒钟。)”由此可知，机器学习系统更有效。故选B。第62页共62页 4．D　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第二段“Inarecentstudyscientistsannouncedtheyhaddevelopedmachinelearningtoolstotrackthefacesofindividualwildchimpanzees(黑猩猩)．(在最近的一项研究中，科学家们宣布他们已经开发出了机器学习工具来追踪野生黑猩猩个体的面部。)”由此可知，“面部识别被用来识别和跟踪动物的”为短文最佳标题。故选D。B(2021·贵州省贵阳市高三下学期适应性考试(二))Theminimalistlifestyleneedstobeconsideredonlyafterweownmorethanweneed.Nowadays,therapiddevelopmentofthesocietyhasbroughtalotofwealthandmaterialpossessions,whichhasbecomeaburdenformany.Inaddition,thefast-pacedlifewehavetodaymakesusbusierthanever.Therefore,Ithinkaminimalistlifestyleisnecessarytohelppeopleeasetheirburdenandfocusonthebestpartoflife.AlthoughI’mnotastrictpractitionerofminimalism,Idobenefitalotfromasimplerlife.WhenIgotemployedin2018,Iwastedmysalariesonlotsofclothes,shoes,cosmetics,booksandfoodtoenrichmylife.However,pilesofthingsmademyroommessyandalotofstuffthingshadtobethrownawayunused.Aboutoneyearago,IlaidmyhandsonabooknamedDanshari,whichencouragespeopletocutoutorthrowawayunnecessarythings.Followingtheinstructions,Istartedtochangemylifestyleandsurprisinglyfoundoutthatmylifeismuchbetterwithless.AnotherbadhabitIhaveworkedhardtochangeisspendingtoomuchtimeonmyphoneandiPadasameanstofreemyselffromtheworkstress.Alotofmyvaluabletimewaswastedonvarioustime-killingappswhichdidn’tdomuchgoodtomyself-improvement.Adoptingasimplelifecanbeabitchallengingandneedsconstanteffort.HerearesometipsIfindhelpful.First,concentrateonthingsthatarereallyimportantandmeaningful.Second,accesstoinformationshouldbesimpleandwell-targeted；readingbooksisagoodalternativetomeaninglesssocialinteractionandtime-killingapps.Third,purchasefewergoodswithbetterqualityandtidyupyourroomregularly.Aminimalistlifestyleisn’tequaltoausterity(朴素)．It’sahabitwecanformtosimplifyourlife.Withlessdesirebothmateriallyandmentally,therewillbemoreroomforself-improvement,happinessandinnerfulfillment.5．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartmeaninParagraph3?A．Recommended.　B．Remembered.C．Wrote.　D．Read.6．Whatdoesaminimalistlifestylemean?A．Buyingalotofthingswelike.B．Concentratingourselvesonthejobs.C．Formingahabitofsimplelife.D．Spendingmoretimeusingapps.7．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．WealthIsLess　B．MessIsSimple第62页共62页 C．MoreIsHappiness　D．LessIsMore【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了极简主义的生活方式，作者以自己的情况为例，说明越多的物质财富就给人越重的负担，更少的物质追求，会让精神和思想更加富足。5．D　词句猜测题。根据画线词下一句“whichencouragespeopletocutoutorthrowawayunnecessarythings.(这本书鼓励人们减少或扔掉不必要的东西。)”以及下文“Followingtheinstructions,Istartedtochangemylifestyleandsurprisinglyfoundoutthatmylifeismuchbetterwithless.(按照指示，我开始改变我的生活方式，并惊讶地发现更少的物质让我的生活更好。)”可知作者是“阅读”了这本书才有了感悟，所以短语laidmyhandson的意思是“阅读”，故选D。6．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Aminimalistlifestyleisn’tequaltoausterity(朴素)．It’sahabitwecanformtosimplifyourlife.(极简主义的生活方式并不等于朴素。这是我们为了简化生活而养成的习惯。)”可知极简主义的生活方式是养成简单生活的习惯，故选C。7．D　标题归纳题。根据第一段“Nowadays,therapiddevelopmentofthesocietyhasbroughtalotofwealthandmaterialpossessions,whichhasbecomeaburdenformany.(如今，社会的快速发展带来了大量的财富和物质财富，这已经成为许多人的负担。)”可知，越多的物质财富就给人越重的负担，作者在文章中以自己情况为例来说明了这个观点，结合最后一段“Aminimalistlifestyleisn’tequaltoausterity(朴素)．It’sahabitwecanformtosimplifyourlife.Withlessdesirebothmateriallyandmentally,therewillbemoreroomforself-improvement,happinessandinnerfulfillment.(极简主义的生活方式并不等于简朴。这是我们为了简化生活而养成的习惯。物质和精神上的欲望减少了，就会有更多的空间来自我完善、幸福和内心的满足。)”可知更少的物质追求，会让精神和思想更加富足，所以文章主要想表达的观点是“少即是多”，因此D项“LessIsMore”符合文章主旨，适合作为本文的标题。故选D。C(2021·新疆高三一模)OntheFather’sDaybeforemyfatherenteredanursinghome,IgavehimanElmodoll.LikethecoloredpencilsandsketchbookIboughthimayearearlier,thiswasadesperateattempttobringsomejoytomyincreasinglybedriddenfather.Yearsago,myfathersufferedastrokewhichlefthiminbedfortherestofhislife.AtthesightofElmo,mythreeeldersistersshooktheirheads,certainthatourfatherwhowasanythingbutchildishwouldnotlikeit.Sureenough,myfather,76,brokeintothatunpleasantsmilethatbarelyconcealedhisdislike.“Whatonearthisthis？”shoutedmysisters,burstingintolaughter.“DaddyknowswhyIgivehimthis，”Isaid,thinkingthattheyhadnoideawhatElmomeanttomyfather.Tomydisappointment,myfathershrugged.Howcouldhenotremember？Yearsearlier,Ihadbeeninthekitchenandheardsomethingrarefromthelivingroom：laughter.IrandownstairsandsawthatElmowasonthePBScookingshow“TheFrugalGourmet”．“Idon’t第62页共62页 knowwhatitisabouthimthatgetstome，”myfatherchokedoutbetweenlaughterandtears.“He’sjustsofunny！”Asmyfatherlayinthenursinghome,Iwouldvisithimintheevenings.Wewatchedoldmovieswiththelightsoff.Eventhoughheneveraskedforit,IbroughtElmofromhomeandputhimwheremyfathercouldseehim.Beforeleaving,IwouldtakeElmofromthedresserandplacehiminmyfather’simmobilearm.Aslightsmilewouldappearonhisface.Itneverlookedsofter.8．What’stheproblemwiththeauthor’sfather?A．Helosttheabilitytofeeljoy.B．Hebecamechildishafterthestroke.C．Hewasdisappointedwithhischildren.D．Hewasboundtostayinbedduetoanillness.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concealed”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Hid.　B．Showed.C．Explained.　D．Expressed.10．WhydidtheauthorgivehisfatheranElmodoll?A．Hisfatheraskedforone.　B．AnElmodollonceamusedhisfather.C．Nothingbutadollmadehisfathersmile.　D．Hisfathermentionedoneonthecookingshow.11．Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A．Thetroubleastrokecancause.B．Thedifficultytomakeafatherhappy.C．Howasimplegiftbringsjoytoafather.D．Howtochooseapropertoyforoldpeople.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文，记述了作者为病床上的父亲精心挑选小礼物，给他带去陪伴与快乐的事情。8．D　细节理解题。根据第一自然段中“Yearsago,myfathersufferedastrokewhichlefthiminbedfortherestofhislife.(几年前，我父亲患了中风，他只能在床上度过了余生。)”可知父亲因病卧床不起。故选D。9．A　词句猜测题。根据第二自然段中“Sureenough,myfather,76,brokeintothatunpleasantsmilethatbarelyconcealedhisdislike.(果然，我的父亲，76岁，突然露出了那种不愉快的微笑，难掩他的不满。)”父亲看到礼物后的反应unpleasantsmile可知他不喜欢，因此后面定语从句中“无法掩饰他的不满”。故选A。10．B　细节理解题。根据第四自然段中“Yearsearlier,Ihadbeeninthekitchen…’He’sjustsofunny！’”这一情节可知，anElmodoll曾经让父亲开怀大笑，我希望anElmodoll现在也能给他带来快乐。故选B。11．C　主旨大意题。根据第末段中“Aslightsmilewouldappearonhisface.Itneverlooked第62页共62页 softer.”(他的脸上会露出一丝微笑。它看上去从来没有这么柔软过。)可知我给父亲的Elmodoll确实给他带来了些许的快乐。这也是全文的主题：一个小小的，但用了心的礼物为父亲带来快乐。故选C。阅读理解(四)　观点态度类A(2021·河北石家庄市高三一模)Stayinguplatedoinghomeworkisalwaystiring.Andperhapswhenwebecometired,wefeeltheneedtoeatunhealthysnackfood.Recentlyscientistshavebeeninvestigatingtirednessandsnackfood.AccordingtoastudyinTheJournalofNeuroscience,peoplearemorelikelytotakesnackswhentheydon’tgetenoughsleep.Forthestudy,researchersfromUniversityofCologneinGermanygavethesamedinnerto32healthymenagedbetween19and33．Halfofthemenwerethensenthometobed,andtheotherhalfwerekeptawakeinthelaboratoryallnight.Thenextmorning,theparticipantswereaskedtoconsiderhowmuchtheywouldbewillingtopayforsnackfooditemsshowntotheminpictures.Accordingtotheresearchers,allweresimilarlyhungryinthemorning,andhadsimilarlevelsofmosthormones(荷尔蒙)andbloodsugar.However,brainscansshowedthatwhenthesleep-deprived(缺少睡眠的)participantslookedatthepicturesofjunkfood,theyreleasedmoreofthe“hungerhormone”．Thisisthehormoneresponsibleforincreasingtheappetite,andmakingusconsumemore.Askedabouthowmuchtheywouldpayforsnacks,“Participantswithsleepdeprivationweremorewillingtooverspendonfooditemsthanthosewithagoodnight’ssleep，”researcherstoldScienceDaily.Researchersalsoobservedthatamongthepeoplewhohadn’tslept,therewasgreateractivityinthepartofthebrainwherefoodrewardsareprocessed.Thescientiststhinkthatsleep-deprivedpeopleexperiencechangestothehungerhormoneandthebrain’srewardsystemthatthenleadstoastrongerdesiretoeatsnackswithhighfatandcalories.“Thisbringsusalittleclosertounderstandingthemechanism(机制)behindhowsleepdeprivationchangesfoodvaluation，”ProfessorJanPeters,aco-authorofthestudyfromtheUniversityofCologne,toldTheIndependent.Sometipsonthis：*Listentosomesoftmusictorelieveyourtiredness.*Dosomeslightexerciseforashorttimewhenyou’retired.*Eatyogurtorfruitstoreplacesnackswithhighfatandcalories.*Distanceyourselffromsnacks.1．Whatcanweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Lesssleepleadstomoresnacks.第62页共62页 B．Stayinguplatedoesharmtohealth.C．Tirednessisthecauseoflesssleep.D．Weneednosnackswhenwesleep.2．Whatmakespeopleeatmorejunkfoodaccordingtothestudy?A．Bloodsugar.　B．Fooditems.C．Thehungerhormone.　D．Fatandcalories.3．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Peoplewholacksleepusuallyspendlessonfooditems.B．Listeningtosoftmusichelpspeoplefeelrelaxed.C．Exerciseasmuchasyoucanwhenyouaretired.D．Peoplewhosleepwellcangetfoodrewards.4．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardssnacks?A．Positive.　B．Indifferent.C．Negative.　D．Neutral.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。德国科隆大学的研究人员发现，晚上熬夜的人更容易吃快餐，这对健康没有好处。1．A　细节理解题。根据第一段内容和第二段“AccordingtoastudyinTheJournalofNeuroscience,peoplearemorelikelytotakesnackswhentheydon’tgetenoughsleep.(根据《神经科学杂志》上的一项研究，人们在睡眠不足时更有可能吃零食。)”可知，晚上熬夜会造成疲劳，而疲劳又会使人更容易吃快餐。故选A。2．C　细节理解题。根据文章第六段最后一句“Thisisthehormoneresponsibleforincreasingtheappetite,andmakingusconsumemore.(这种激素会增加食欲，让我们吃得更多。)”可知，是身体内的荷尔蒙使人产生多吃快餐的欲望。故选C。3．B　细节理解题。根据文中Sometipsonthis部分的“Listentosomesoftmusictorelieveyourtiredness.(听些轻音乐来缓解疲劳。)”可知，听轻音乐有助于缓解疲劳。故选B。4．C　观点态度题。根据文中Sometipsonthis部分的“Eatyogurtorfruitstoreplacesnackswithhighfatandcalories.(吃酸奶或者水果来代替那些高脂肪和热量的零食。)”和“Distanceyourselffromsnacks.(让你自己远离零食。)”可推知，作者不赞同人们吃零食。故选C。B(2021·江苏省扬州市高三考前调研测试)Fishtongues,harvestedbychildrenCod(鳕鱼)tongueisafamousdishinNorwayandbeyond.Around80tonsarecuteveryyearfromfishcaughtinNorway’snorthernwaters.Softerintastethanthefleshofthefish,codtonguemeltsinthemouthwithahintofsaltiness.Itisnature’sgift,saysJanErik,vice-presidentoftheNorwegianfishermen’sassociation.LivEva,a35-year-oldwhoworksforaresearchinstitute,saysthatwhenshewasagirl,menandboysdominatedthecod-tongue-cuttingtradeonLofoten,aNorwegianisland.Thisyear,she第62页共62页 washappytoseeagrandmotherandgranddaughtersellingtongues.Inotherways,however,theartoftungeskjæringhashardlychangedoverthecenturies.Thedelicateworkofremovingthetonguefromanalreadybeheaded(去头的)fishisreservedmainlyforchildren.Thepracticeservesasakindofcareerpreparationforwould-befishers,anditpayshandsomely.Thetonguesarevaluable,soanhour’sworkcanpay1,200kronor($143)；notbadifyou’resix.ModestyguidesattitudesinLofotenandothernorthernparts,soitwouldn’tbeacceptedtospendthecashonsomethingwasteful,saysLivEva.Youngsterstendtosaveupforafishingboat,acaroradepositonahome.Noteveryonegetsinvolved.Thosewithambitionskeeptheirdistance；tongue-cuttingissomethingofafisherman’sroughlife.AndcitizensinNorwaywereupsetbyarecentdocumentaryshowingthechildrenatworkintheirblood-stainedoveralls.“Childlabor！”theycried.Thegovernmentlookedintotheissue,andchosetorespecttheircultureandtradition.Abiggerthreattotheindustryisthatstocksarelow.FromApril27th,2021NorwegiancodcaughtincoastalwaterswillloseitssustainabilityratingfromtheMarineConservationCouncil,aglobalfishwatchdog.5．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tobringupthetopic.B．Toputforwardanargument.C．Tosetoffaconflict.D．Tobringforwardasuggestion.6．Theunderlinedphrase“theartoftungeskjæring”refersto________.A．thetastingofcodtongue　B．thecuttingofcodtongueC．thecookingofcodtongue　D．thedrawingofcodtongue7．Whatdoesthethirdparagraphfocuson?A．Thetraditionsofthecodtongueindustry.B．Theadvantagesofthecodtongueindustry.C．Theproblemswiththecodtongueindustry.D．Thechangesofthecodtongueindustry.8．Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetowardsthechildren’sharvestingcodtongue?A．Supportive.　B．Ignorant.C．Respectful.　D．Disapproving.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了挪威的一种行业——加工鳕鱼舌。5．A　推理判断题，通过文章第一段“CodtongueisafamousdishinNorwayandbeyond.Around80tonsarecuteveryyearfromfishcaughtinNorway’snorthernwaters.Softerintastethanthefleshofthefish,codtonguemeltsinthemouthwithahintof第62页共62页 saltiness.(鳕鱼舌在挪威和其他地方都很有名。每年有80吨的鱼从挪威北部海域捕捞上来。鳕鱼舌的味道比鱼肉更柔软，在口中融化有一丝咸味。)”可知，本段讲到挪威美食鳕鱼舌的烹饪方法、入口即化的口感、每年的畅销量等。这一切信息都是要引出本文后续的话题：挪威鳕鱼舌这道美食的加工行业的相关传统和当代所要面临的危机。故选A。6．B　词句猜测题。根据画线句下文“hashardlychangedoverthecenturies(几个世纪以来，几乎没有改变)”以及“Thedelicateworkofremovingthetonguefromanalreadybeheadedfishisreservedmainlyforchildren.Thepracticeservesasakindofcareerpreparationforwould-befishers,anditpayshandsomely.Thetonguesarevaluable,soanhour’sworkcanpay1,200kronor($143)；notbadifyou’resix.ModestyguidesattitudesinLofotenandothernorthernparts,soitwouldn’tbeacceptedtospendthecashonsomethingwasteful,saysLivEva.Youngsterstendtosaveupforafishingboat,acaroradepositonahome.(把已经被砍头的鱼的舌头割下来这种精细的工作主要是留给儿童的。这种做法为未来的渔民提供了一种职业准备，而且回报丰厚。这些舌头很值钱，所以一小时的工作可以赚到1200克朗(143美元)；对于六岁的孩子来说还不错。LivEva说，在罗浮登和其他北部地区，人们的态度是谦虚的，所以把钱花在浪费的东西上是不会被接受的。年轻人倾向于存钱买渔船、买车或买房。)”可知，本段讲的这个挪威鳕鱼割舌行业几个世纪以来没什么变化，划线短语所在的句子为第三段的主题句，可推知，划线的部分的挪威语应该是割鳕鱼舌的意思。故选B。7．A　推理判断题。通过文章第三句首句“Inotherways,however,theartoftungeskjæringhashardlychangedoverthecenturies.(然而，在其他方面，数百年来割鳕鱼舌的工作几乎没有改变。)”可知，挪威鳕鱼割舌行业几个世纪以来几乎没有什么变化。通过下文“Thedelicateworkofremovingthetonguefromanalreadybeheadedfishisreservedmainlyforchildren.Thepracticeservesasakindofcareerpreparationforwould-befishers,anditpayshandsomely.Thetonguesarevaluable,soanhour’sworkcanpay1,200kronor($143)；notbadifyou’resix.(把已经被砍头的鱼的舌头割下来这种精细的工作主要是留给儿童的。这种做法为未来的渔民提供了一种职业准备，而且回报丰厚。这些舌头很值钱，所以一小时的工作可以赚到1200克朗(143美元)；对于六岁的孩子来说还不错。)”可推知，割鳕鱼舌工作佣金比较高，还可以雇佣孩子，给他们挣钱的机会；而且，鳕鱼割舌工作被认为是成为渔民之前的实习经历，是孩子长大后成为渔民的重要经历。综合以上内容，第三段基本在介绍挪威鳕鱼割舌行业的传统。故选A。8．C　观点态度题。通过文章最后一段“AndcitizensinNorwaywereupsetbyarecentdocumentaryshowingthechildrenatworkintheirblood-stainedoveralls.’Childlabor！’theycried.Thegovernmentlookedintotheissue,andchosetorespecttheircultureandtradition.(而挪威公民对最近一部纪录片感到不安，该纪录片显示，孩子们穿着血迹斑斑的工作服上班。“童工！”他们喊道。政府调查了这个问题，并选择尊重他们的文化和传统。)”可推知，挪威鳕鱼割舌行业雇佣童工的现象曝光后，政府介入调查，但出于对这个传统行业和文化的尊重，政府没有追究和惩罚其非法性，他们对儿童捕捞鳕鱼舌的态度是尊重。故选C。C第62页共62页 (2021·山西省阳泉市高三第三次教学质量检测三模)Inthe17thcentury,theNetherlandsexperiencedaperiodofartisticprosperityknownastheDutchGoldenAge.Duringthisera,enlightenedartistsfoundinspirationinNorthernRenaissancepaintingtechniques,resultinginmasterpieceslikeGirlWithaPearlEarringbyJohannesVermeer(约翰内斯·维米尔)．Knownasthe“MonaLisaoftheNorth，”thispaintingrepresentsthebestofDutchart.ThoughGirlWithaPearlEarringiscoveredinmystery,ithasbecomeoneofarthistory’smostbelovedpaintings.Specializingingenrepainting—atypeofartthatemploysscenesofeverydaylifeasitssubject—DutchartistJohannesVermeerisfamousforhisdepictions(描绘)ofcontemporaryDelft,acityinHollandwheretheartistwasborn,lived,anddied.Specifically,heisknownforhisdepictionsofdomesticinteriorsandportraitsofwomen,likethefigurefeaturedinGirlwithaPearlEarring.VermeerpaintedGirlwithaPearlEarringaround1665,whichisVermeer’smostwell-knownworkofart.However,itdidnotattaininternationalfameatitstimeofcompletion.Thatcameaboutattheendofthe20thcentury,whenitwasfeaturedinaspecialexhibitionattheNationalGalleryofArtinWashington,D．C.GirlwithaPearlEarringshowsayoungwomansittingbeforeadarkbackdrop.Thisstarkandshallowbackgroundbeautifullycontraststhefigure’scream-coloredskinandhalfcrystaleyes,whicharefixedontheviewer.Inadditiontoanelegantblueandyellowturban(女用头巾),shewearsalarge,tear-shapedpearlearring.Onthesurface,thisdepictionsseemstohavetheclassiccharacteristicsofaportrait,butitisactuallyknownasatronie(十七世纪荷兰的一种风俗肖像画)anddoesnotrefertoaspecificpersonorplace.Today,GirlwithaPearlEarringremainsoneofthemostfamouspaintingsintheworld.“WhenyouthinkabouttheMonaLisa,sheisalsolookingatus,butsheisn’tengaging—sheissittingbackinthepainting,self-contained，”TracyChevalier,theauthoroftheNewYorkTimesbestsellinghistoricalnovel,GirlwithaPearlEarring,pointsout.“WhereasGirlwithaPearlEarringisrightthere—thereisnothingbetweenherandus.Shehasthismagicalqualityofbeingremarkablyopenandyetmysteriousatthesametime—andthatiswhatmakeshersoappealing.”9．WhatcanwelearnaboutVermeerfromthetext?第62页共62页 A．Vermeerattainedinternationalfameexactlyin1665．B．VermeerlearnedalotfromthepaintingMonaLisa.C．Vermeershowedhisworksattheendofthe20thcentury.D．VermeerpaintedGirlwithaPearlEarringaround1665．10．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardsthepaintingGirlWithaPearlEarring?A．Indifferent.　B．Ambiguous.C．Objective.　D．Conservative.11．WhycouldJohannesVermeercreatethefamouspaintingGirlWithaPearlEarring?A．HefoundinspirationinNorthernRenaissancepaintingtechniques.B．Hestudiedtheadvancedpaintingtechniquesinhischildhood.C．Hewasreallyfamousforthevividdepictionsofhishometown.D．Hehadanefficientcommunicationwiththepeopleinhishometown.12．Whatdoesthefifthparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Basicbackground.　B．Subjectmatter.C．Magicalquality.　D．Paintingtechniques.【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了约翰内斯·维米尔的名作《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》的相关情况。9．D　细节理解题。根据文章第四段“VermeerpaintedGirlwithaPearlEarringaround1665,whichisVermeer’smostwell-knownworkofart.(Vermeer在1665年左右画了《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》，这是维米尔最著名的艺术作品。)”因此，从这篇文章里我们可以了解到，维米尔在1665年左右画了《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》。故选D。10．C　观点态度题。根据第一段“Duringthisera,enlightenedartistsfoundinspirationinNorthernRenaissancepaintingtechniques,resultinginmasterpieceslikeGirlWithaPearlEarringbyJohannesVermeer.(这个时代，开明的艺术家们从北方文艺复兴时期的绘画技巧中获得灵感，创作出了像约翰内斯·维米尔的名作《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》。)”再结合第三段“Specifically,heisknownforhisdepictionsofdomesticinteriorsandportraitsofwomen,likethefigurefeaturedinGirlwithaPearlEarring.(具体来说，他以描绘家庭内部和女性肖像而闻名，比如《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》中的人物。)”以及第五段“GirlwithaPearlEarringshowsayoungwomansittingbeforeadarkbackdrop.Thisstarkandshallowbackgroundbeautifullycontraststhefigure’scream-coloredskinandhalfcrystaleyes,whicharefixedontheviewer.(《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》展示了一个年轻女子坐在黑暗的背景前。这一鲜明而浅薄的背景与人物的米色皮肤和半水晶般的眼睛形成了鲜明的对比，眼睛紧盯着观看者。)”等对这幅画的描述可以看出是客观的，不带有任何个人感情色彩，因此最能描述作者对《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》的态度的词是客观的，故选C。第62页共62页 11．A　细节理解题。根据第一段“Duringthisera,enlightenedartistsfoundinspirationinNorthernRenaissancepaintingtechniques,resultinginmasterpieceslikeGirlWithaPearlEarringbyJohannesVermeer.(这个时代，开明的艺术家们从北方文艺复兴时期的绘画技巧中获得灵感，创作出了像约翰内斯·维米尔的名作《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》。)”因此可以看出，约翰内斯·弗米尔能创造出著名绘画《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》的原因是他从北方文艺复兴时期的绘画技巧中得到灵感。故选A。12．B　主旨大意题。根据第五段“GirlwithaPearlEarringshowsayoungwomansittingbeforeadarkbackdrop.Thisstarkandshallowbackgroundbeautifullycontraststhefigure’scream-coloredskinandhalfcrystaleyes,whicharefixedontheviewer.(《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》展示了一个年轻女子坐在黑暗的背景前。这一鲜明而浅薄的背景与人物的米色皮肤和半水晶般的眼睛形成了鲜明的对比，眼睛紧盯着观看者。)”等对这幅画的描述可以看出第五段主要讲的是这幅画的主要内容，也就是主题，故选B。阅读理解(五)　写作意图类A(2021·福建省武平县第一中学高三一模)TheStateofColoradohasfourofthebestparksoutofthe58nationalparksintheUnitedStates.Theparkshavesomeofthebestsceneryofallthenationalparks.BlackCanyon(峡谷)ofGunnisonNationalParkThisparkoffersthemostbreathtakingviewsfromupinthemountainsintothecanyonsbelow.Whileexploringthecanyons,youwillfindthatthewallsdropnearlystraightdownintothenarrowvalleysofthesnake-likeriversbelow.Visitorsareofferedmorethan100campingsites,andalotofbirdspeciesandmanyanimalsarenativetothearea.RockyMountainNationalParkItistheonlynationalparkinthenorthcentralregioninthestateofColorado.Elevationsinthisparkareanywherefrom8,000feetto14,259feetatthetopofLongsPeak.WhiletravelingthroughoutthisparkyouwillnoticetwoverydifferentclimatesbecauseofthedifferencetheupperpeaksoftheRockyMountainsmake.Youcanenjoy359milesofhikingtrails,alotofplacesforcamping,horse-backridingandbeautifulscenery.MesaVerdeNationalParkThisisprobablythemostinterestingnationalpark,offeringafascinatingtripbackintimeto600ADupto1300AD.Thisparkwasdeclaredaprotectednationalparkin1906becauseofthecliffdwellings(住所)thatwerefoundthroughoutthearea,whichwereoncehometoAmericanIndians.Manyofthesedwellingscanbewalkedthrough,whileyouimaginewhateachroommayhavebeenusedforsomanyyearsago.GreatSandDunes(沙丘)NationalParkTheGreatSanddunesNationalParkliesinsouthcentralColorado,about127milesfromPueblo.ThisparkhasthetallestsanddunesinallofNorthAmericaandhastrailsforhiking.Thenaturalsandybeachesaroundthesmallriversandlakesaregoodforswimmers.1．What’sthemostbreathtakingthingintheBlackCanyonofGunnisonNationalPark?第62页共62页 A．Theanimals.　B．Thewalls.C．Therivers.　D．Thecampingsites.2．IntheRockyMountainNationalPark，touristsmayNOTbeableto________.A．gosightseeing　B．boatC．rideahorse　D．camp3．Ifyouareinterestedinhistory，youareadvisedtovisit________.A．theRockyMountainNationalParkB．theBlackCanyonofGunnisonNationalParkC．theGreatSandDunesNationalParkD．theMesaVerdeNationalPark4．What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．PersuadingpeopletovisitColoradowhileinAmerica.B．ShowingpeoplewhichparkisthebestofthefourinColorado.C．IntroducingthebestfourparksinColoradotopeople.D．TellingpeoplesometravelinginformationinColorado.【语篇解读】　本文为应用文。文章主要介绍了美国科罗拉多州四个最好的国家公园。1．B　细节理解题。根据BlackCanyon(峡谷)ofGunnisonNationalPark部分中的“Thisparkoffersthemostbreathtakingviewsfromupinthemountainsintothecanyonsbelow.Whileexploringthecanyons,youwillfindthatthewallsdropnearlystraightdownintothenarrowvalleysofthesnake-likeriversbelow.(这个公园提供了从山上到下面峡谷的最令人惊叹的景色。在探索峡谷的过程中，你会发现墙壁几乎直直地伸向下面蜿蜒的河流所形成的狭窄山谷。)”可知，在甘尼森国家公园的黑峡谷中，最令人惊叹的是那些墙壁。故选B。2．B　细节理解题。根据RockyMountainNationalPark部分中的“Youcanenjoy359milesofhikingtrails,alotofplacesforcamping,horse-backridingandbeautifulscenery.(你可以享受359英里的徒步旅行路线、很多露营的地方、骑马和美丽的风景。)”可知，落基山国家公园没有给游客提供划船活动。故选B。3．D　细节理解题。根据MesaVerdeNationalPark部分中的“Thisisprobablythemostinterestingnationalpark,offeringafascinatingtripbackintimeto600ADupto1300AD.(这可能是最有趣的国家公园，该公园提供一次时间从公元600年到公元1300年的迷人旅程。)”可知，如果你对历史有兴趣，建议你参观theMesaVerdeNationalPark。故选D。4．C　写作意图题。根据第一段“TheStateofColoradohasfourofthebestparksoutofthe58nationalparksintheUnitedStates.Theparkshavesomeofthebestsceneryofallthenationalparks.(在美国58个国家公园中，科罗拉多州有四个最好的公园。这些公园里有所有国家公园中最美的一些风景。)”及对四个公园的具体介绍可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是向人们介绍科罗拉多州最好的四个公园。故选C。B(2021·广西南宁市高三一模)第62页共62页 InrecentyearscomputerscientistshavecomeupwithseveraldifferentwaysofcreatingfalsevideosofpeopleusingArtificialIntelligence(AI)．Thesevideosareusuallycalled“deepfakes”．Somedeepfakesworkbyputtingthefaceofonepersonontoadifferentpersoninavideo.Othersworkbytakinganexistingvideoofapersonandchangingitsothatthepersonsaysordoessomethingtheydidn’tsayordo.Atfirst,creatingdeepfakeswascomplex.Itrequiredspecialknowledge,hundredsofpicturesofthepersonwhowasbeingfaked,andlotsoftime.Nowit’smuchsimpler.Therearewebsitesandappsthatallowalmostanyonetocreatedeepfakes.Anapprecentlycameoutwhichalloweduserstoputtheirfacesintofamousmoviescenes.Theprocesstakesabouteightseconds,requiresonepicture,andcanbedoneonamobilephone.Onegroupofcomputerscientistscreatedaprogramthatallowedthemtoeditthewordscomingoutofsomeone’smouthinavideojustlikeyoumighteditadocumentonthecomputer.It’sonethingtoswapthefacesoffamousactors.Butwhathappensifsomeoneputsoutafakevideoofapolitician,forexample,makingitlookliketheybrokethelaw？There’salsotheproblemofthetimeittakestofigureoutthatsomethingisfake.Evenifavideoisproventobefake,itcouldbetoolate.Millionsofpeoplemighthavealreadyseenandbelievedit.Ontheotherhand,whathappensifavideoisactuallyreal,butpeopledon’ttrustitbecausethey’retoldit’sadeepfake?ManydeepfakesaresogoodthatonlyanotherAIsystemcantellthatthey’refake.ExpertsareworkinghardtocreatenewAItoolsthatcanidentifyfakedvideos.Manypeopleareconfidentthatpeoplecandefeatdeepfakessoon.However,personally,itisverychallengingbecausethistechnologyhasalwaysfallenbehindthedeepfakes.5．Whatcanbelearntaboutdeepfakes?A．Theyareallmadebyapps.B．Theyareimprovingrapidly.C．Theyaremainlyusedtojoke.D．They’lllosepopularitysoon.6．WhatdoesParagraph3focusonaboutdeepfakes?A．Theanxietiesraisedbythem.B．Theresultscausedbythem.C．Thewaysofmakingthem.D．Thedoubtsaboutthem.7．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetodevelopingAItoolstorecognizedeepfakes?A．Optimistic.　B．Supportive.C．Disapproving.　D．Uncertain.8．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．TorecommendnewAItools.B．ToexplaintheimportanceofAI.C．Todescribeatechnologytrend.第62页共62页 D．Tostresstechnologyrevolutions.【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近年来，科学家想出了几种不同的方法来制作人工智能虚假视频，这些视频通常被称为“换脸”，许多人非常担心这种技术可能会被滥用。5．B　推理判断题。由第二段中的“Atfirst,creatingdeepfakeswascomplex.Itrequiredspecialknowledge,hundredsofpicturesofthepersonwhowasbeingfaked,andlotsoftime.Nowit’smuchsimpler.Therearewebsitesandappsthatallowalmostanyonetocreatedeepfakes.Anapprecentlycameoutwhichalloweduserstoputtheirfacesintofamousmoviescenes.Theprocesstakesabouteightseconds,requiresonepicture,andcanbedoneonamobilephone.(起初，换脸很复杂。它需要特殊的知识，数百张被伪造者的照片，以及大量的时间。现在简单多了。有网站和应用程序，几乎任何人都可以换脸。最近有一款应用程序问世，用户可以将自己的脸放到著名的电影场景中。这个过程大约需要8秒钟，需要一张图片，而且可以在手机上完成。)”可知，刚开始的时候，换脸很复杂，要花大量的时间，但最近推出了一款应用程序，只需要8秒，用一张照片，就可以在手机上完成换脸，由这些可知，换脸发展非常迅速。故选B。6．A　主旨大意题。由第三段“It’sonethingtoswapthefacesoffamousactors.Butwhathappensifsomeoneputsoutafakevideoofapolitician,forexample,makingitlookliketheybrokethelaw？There’salsotheproblemofthetimeittakestofigureoutthatsomethingisfake.Evenifavideoisproventobefake,itcouldbetoolate.Millionsofpeoplemighthavealreadyseenandbelievedit.Ontheotherhand,whathappensifavideoisactuallyreal,butpeopledon’ttrustitbecausethey’retoldit’sadeepfake？(交换著名演员的面孔是一回事。但是，如果有人拿出一个政客的假视频，比如说，让它看起来像他们触犯了法律，会发生什么呢？还有一个问题，就是要花多少时间才能弄清楚什么东西是假的。即使一段视频被证明是假的，也可能为时已晚。数百万人可能已经看到并相信了它。另一方面，如果一个视频是真的，但是人们不相信它，因为他们被告知它是假的，会发生什么？)”可知，第三段主要谈了换脸会带来的问题、引发的焦虑。故选A。7．D　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“ExpertsareworkinghardtocreatenewAItoolsthatcanidentifyfakedvideos.Manypeopleareconfidentthatpeoplecandefeatdeepfakessoon.However,personally,itisverychallengingbecausethistechnologyhasalwaysfallenbehindthedeepfakes.(专家们正在努力创造新的人工智能工具来识别伪造的视频。许多人相信人们很快就能打败换脸。然而，就个人而言，这是非常具有挑战性的，因为这项技术一直落后于换脸。)”可知，作者认为识别伪造的人工智能工具这项技术一直落后于换脸，所以打败换脸非常具有挑战性，由此可知，作者对开发一种新的人工智能系统来识别换脸持不确定的态度。故选D。8．C　写作意图题。第一段引出“换脸”话题，第二段讲“换脸发展非常迅速”，第三段讲“换脸会带来的问题、引发的焦虑”，最后一段讲“作者对开发一种新的人工智能系统来识别换脸持不确定的态度”第62页共62页 ，全文介绍的是人们利用人工智能进行换脸，几乎达到以假乱真的地步，由此推知，本文的目的是介绍一种技术时尚——换脸技术，故选C。C(2021·北京市海淀区高三下学期二模)Fortoday’sincreasinglyinterconnectedfoodsupplychains,“efficient”iswhatit’ssupposedtobe：Eachcountryspecializesinwhatit’sbest,atandputsitontheglobalmarket.Producersandprocessorswithincountriesspecialize,too,asawaytominimizecosts.Asaresult,atleastintheory,pricesstaylow,theworldgetsfedandeveryonewins.However,thecoronaviruscrisisdemonstrateswhatiswrongwiththisapproach.Whenbarrierspreventfoodfromreachingitsmarkets,ordemandsuddenlydrops—bothofwhicharehappeningnow—thesystemfallsapart.Specializationofthefoodsystemmakesithardtoshiftintodifferentmarketswhendisruptionsarise.Belgium,aleadingexporterofpotatoes,lostsalesnotonlytolocalrestaurantsbutalsotoothercountriesbecauseoflockdowns(封锁)．AtleasttheBelgianscantrytoeatthepotatoesathome.Thatstrategywon’tworkforeverycrop：Ghana,theworld’stopcocoaexporter,lostmarketswhenpeoplestalledfocusingonbuyingessentialitemsinsteadofchocolate.ThelossinexportincomeinAfricamoregenerallycouldhaveahugeimpactifthepandemiccontinues,asmanycountriesthererelyheavilyonimportedwheatandrice.Thepricesofthesegrainshavesoarednotonlybecauseofrisingdemandforthesegrainsduringthecrisis,butalsobecauseafewcountries—includingRussiaandVietnam—imposedexportrestrictionsoutoffearthatsendingfoodabroadwouldleadtohigherpricesathome.Concentratedmarketsdominatedbyjustahandfulofcompaniesheightenfoodsystemfragility.Forexample,justthreemeatpackingplantsprocessover95percentofCanada’sbeefandnearlyallofitsbeefexports.Now,thosemeatprocessingplantshavehadtotemporarilyshutdownbecauseofoutbreaksofCOVID-19amongworkers.Seeingthespoiledproductsacrosstheworldshouldforceallofustorethinkour“efficient”foodsupplies.Weneedtorejuvenate(使恢复活力)localandregionalfoodsystemstoreducethevulnerabilitiesthatcomewithbeingtooreliantonimportedandcorporate-dominatedfoods.Thisdoesn’tmeancuttingoffalltradeorabolishingallpackagedfoods,butitdoesmeanbuildingdiversity,andincreasingopportunitiesforsmallandmedium-scaleenterprisestoflourishinshorter,moresustainablefoodsupplychainsthatareclosertohome.Oneplacetostartisforgovernmentstoshifttheirsupportfromthelarge-scale,specializedandexport-orientedfoodsystemtobuildinginfrastructureformorediverselocalfoodsystems.Aroundtheworld,small-scaleandorganicproducershavebeenoverwhelmedwiththesurgeininterestfromcustomerswhowanttobuydirectlyfromfarmersduringthecrisis.Buttheseproducersoftenlacktheinfrastructuretomeetthatdemand.Asgovernmentsaroundtheworldpassstimuluspackagestoaddressthecrisis,buildingmorediverseandlocalizedfoodsystemsshouldbeanobviousinclusion.9．Intheory,specializationofthefoodsystem________.A．adaptstochangesefficientlyB．balancessupplyanddemand第62页共62页 C．focusesonessentialitemsD．reducescostsofproduction10．Theunderlinedword“fragility”inParagraph5means________.A．weakness　B．diversityC．unfairness　D．complexity11．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Afewcountriesrestrictexportstostabilizelocalfoodprices.B．GrainpricesriseduetoAfrica’sdependenceonimportation.C．GhanamightbelessaffectedbylockdownsthanBelgiumwas.D．Packaged-foodconsumptionshouldbeencouragedtoaddressthecrisis.12．Themainpurposeofthispassageisto________.A．exposefoodsecurityissuesduringthecrisisB．advocateestablishingdiverselocalfoodsystemsC．discussthedevelopmentofasustainableeconomyD．provetheimportanceofsoundgovernmentpolicies【语篇解读】　这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了，从理论上讲，粮食系统的专业化降低了生产成本，但新冠肺炎疫情的爆发暴露了这种方法的问题，文章通过对实例的讨论表明建立多样化的地方食品体系势在必行。9．D　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Producersandprocessorswithincountriesspecialize,too,asawaytominimizecosts.(各国的生产商和加工者也进行专业化，以尽量降低成本。)”可知，从理论上讲，粮食系统的专业化降低了生产成本。故选D。10．A　词句猜测题。根据第五段第二句“Forexample,justthreemeatpackingplantsprocessover95percentofCanada’sbeefandnearlyallofitsbeefexports.(例如，仅三家肉类加工厂就加工了加拿大95%以上的牛肉和几乎所有的牛肉出口。)”第三句“Now,thosemeatprocessingplantshavehadtotemporarilyshutdownbecauseofoutbreaksofCOVID-19amongworkers.(现在，由于工人中爆发了COVID-19病毒，这些肉类加工厂不得不暂时关闭。)”和第六段第二句“Weneedtorejuvenate(使恢复活力)localandregionalfoodsystemstoreducethevulnerabilitiesthatcomewithbeingtooreliantonimportedandcorporate-dominatedfoods.(我们需要振兴地方和区域食品体系，以减少过于依赖进口和企业主导的食品带来的脆弱性。)”可知，此处是指由少数几家公司主导的集中市场加剧了食品体系的脆弱性。所以fragility意为“脆弱”。故选A。11．A　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Thepricesofthesegrainshavesoarednotonlybecauseofrisingdemandforthesegrainsduringthecrisis,butalsobecauseafewcountries—includingRussiaandVietnam—imposedexportrestrictionsoutoffearthatsendingfoodabroadwouldleadtohigherpricesathome.(这些粮食的价格飙升，不仅是因为危机期间对这些粮食的需求不断上升，还因为包括俄罗斯和越南在内的一些国家，由于担心把粮食出口到国外会导致国内价格上涨，实施了出口限制。)”第62页共62页 可知，少数国家限制粮食出口以稳定当地食品价格。故选A。12．B　写作意图题。根据最后一段第一句“Oneplacetostartisforgovernmentstoshifttheirsupportfromthelarge-scale,specializedandexport-orientedfoodsystemtobuildinginfrastructureformorediverselocalfoodsystems.(首先，政府将其支持从大规模、专门化和出口导向的粮食系统转向为更多样化的地方粮食系统建设基础设施。)”和最后一句“Asgovernmentsaroundtheworldpassstimuluspackagestoaddressthecrisis,buildingmorediverseandlocalizedfoodsystemsshouldbeanobviousinclusion.(随着世界各国政府通过刺激方案来应对危机，建立更加多样化和地方化的食品体系显然应该包括在内。)”可知，文章的主要目的是倡导建立多样化的地方食品体系。故选B。阅读理解(六)　主旨大意类A(2021·江西六校高三3月联考)Migratingterns(燕鸥)maychangetheirflightplansbasedonakeensenseofcomingtyphoons,escapingtheimpactofthestormsbutstillbenefitingfromfeedingopportunitiesintheirwakes.ResearchersexamineddatarecordedbytrackingdevicesonsixternsfromOkinawa,Japan,tolearnmoreaboutthebirds’migrationsovermultipleyears.TheternsflewacrosspartofthePhilippineSea’s“typhoonhighway”togettotheislandsofBorneoandSulawesiandvariedtheirleavingtimes—oftenapparentlywaitingtodepartuntilalargetyphoonwasabouttocrosstheirprojectedpath.“Theyseemtobeabletopredictit，”saysJean-BaptisteThiebot,apostdoctoralfellowattheNationalInstituteofPolarResearchinJapanandleadauthorofthenewstudy,whichwaspublishedinJuneinMarineBiology.Thestudyoffersfewcluesabouthowternsmightdothis,butotherresearchsuggestssomemigratingbirdsdetectinfrasonic(次声的)weathersignalsorobservechangingclouds.TheternsThiebotstudiedtypicallyavoidedthetyphoonsthemselves.Butthesestormscanchurn(剧烈搅动)foodtotheoceansurface,sotheimmediateresultsmayhelpthehungrytravelers.Theymightactuallyusethetyphoontoknowwhentoleavefortheirmigrationseachyear,Thiebotsays.Intheunusuallyquiet2017season,withnosignofastrongtyphoon,thebirdsstartedtheirjourneyslaterandflewwithoutpitstops.Thiebotwouldliketoseethispatternconfirmedinalargerstudy.Healsoworriesthatincreasingtyphoonfrequencycouldaffectbirds’predictionaccuracy,possiblygettingthemcaughtindangerousweather.RobertGill,aretiredresearchwildlifebiologist,saysthatalthoughthestudy’ssamplesizeissmall,itaddstoscientists’overallunderstandingofmigration.“Theyareabletopredictbetterthanthebestweatherforecasterswehave，”Gillsays,“butthey’vealsohadtensofthousands,ifnotmillions,ofyearstohonethatskill.”1．WhatdidtheternsdoaftergettingtotheislandsofBorneoandSulawesi?A．Theyvariedtheirprojectedpath.B．Theystayedtherefortheexacttimetoleave.第62页共62页 C．Theystayedawaketofindfeedingchances.D．Theychurnedfoodtotheoceansurface.2．AccordingtoThiebot,whydidtheternssetoffontheirjourneyslaterinthe2017season?A．Theymightnotdetectstrongtyphoonsignals.B．Theydidn’tfindenoughfood.C．Theywerecaughtindangerousweather.D．Theywantedtoflywithoutstops.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hone”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Teach.　B．Develop.C．Ignore.　D．Share.4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Theimpactoftyphoons.B．Anewapproachtoforecastingweather.C．Theprocessofterns’migrations.D．Terns’abilitytopredicttyphoon.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了燕鸥预测台风的能力。1．B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“TheternsflewacrosspartofthePhilippineSea’s’typhoonhighway’togettotheislandsofBorneoandSulawesiandvariedtheirleavingtimes—oftenapparentlywaitingtodepartuntilalargetyphoonwasabouttocrosstheirprojectedpath.(燕鸥飞过菲律宾海的“台风高速公路”，到达婆罗洲和苏拉威西岛，并改变它们的离开时间——通常显然是在等待大台风即将穿过它们计划的路径时离开。)”可知，燕鸥呆在那里是在等待确切离开的时间。故选B。2．A　细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Theymightactuallyusethetyphoontoknowwhentoleavefortheirmigrationseachyear,Thiebotsays.Intheunusuallyquiet2017season,withnosignofastrongtyphoon,thebirdsstartedtheirjourneyslaterandflewwithoutpitstops.(Thiebot说，它们实际上可能会利用台风来知道每年何时离开进行迁徙。2017年是不同寻常的安静季节，没有强台风的迹象，这些鸟开始飞行的时间较晚，而且没有中途停留。)”可知，燕鸥要在2017年燕鸥季节的晚些时候才启程，是因为它们可能检测不到强台风信号。故选A。3．B　词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段划线词前句“Theyareabletopredictbetterthanthebestweatherforecasterswehave，(它们比我们最好的天气预报员更能预测天气，)”和thatskill可知，它们也有数万年，甚至数百万年的时间来发展这项技能。所以hone为“发展”之意。故选B。4．D　文章大意题。根据文章第一段“Migratingterns(燕鸥)maychangetheirflightplansbasedonakeensenseofcomingtyphoons,escapingtheimpactofthestormsbutstillbenefitingfromfeedingopportunitiesintheirwakes.(候鸟可能会根据对即将到来的台风的敏锐感知而改变飞行计划，从而避开风暴的影响，但仍能从台风过后的捕食机会中获益。)”和前文内容可知，文章介绍了燕鸥预测台风的能力。故选D。第62页共62页 B(2021·广东省汕头市金山中学高三下学期第三次模拟考试)Fortopstudentsfromlow-incomefamilies,thechallengeofapplyingtocollegesisparticularlydifficult.1in4dealwithallofthat—thewriting,thestudying,theresearchingandapplying—completelyontheirown.Oneapproachtomakethiswholeprocesseasier？Pairstudentsupwithanadviser.That’stheideabehindCollegePoint,aninitiativetohelpgiftedstudentsgotoschoolsthatmatchtheirintellectual(智力的)ability.Whenahighschoolstudenttakesastandardizedtest—thePSAT,SATorACT—andtheyscoreinthe90thpercentile,andtheirfamiliesmakelessthan$80,000ayear,theygetanemailfromtheprogramofferingthemafreeadviser.Theadviserslisten,guideandanswerstudents’questions.ConnorRechtzigel,anadviserinMinnesota,seestheimportanceofhisrole,forresearchshowsthatlow-incomestudentsarefarmorelikelytoundermatchbecausetheydon’tthinktheyhavewhatittakestogetinandbecausemanydon’tevenknowwhatschoolsareoutthere.HehelpedhighschoolseniorJusticeBenjamin,thefirstinhisfamilytoapplytocollege,thinkaboutwhathisideallearningexperiencewas.Finally,Justicenarrowedinonsmallerschoolswherehecouldstudyenvironmentalscienceandmadehisfinalchoice：SkidmoreCollegeinNewYork.Hefeltempoweredbytheprocess.Figuringouthowtopayforcollegeisamajorpartofwhat,CollegePointadvisersdo.Nakhle,anadviserinNorthCarolina,isworkingwithHensley,anOhiohighschoolseniorwhocan’tgetextrafinancialhelpfromherfamily.Theyspentalotoftimecomparingandanalyzingherfinancial-aidawardletters,whichmadeherdecisionmuchclearer.Finally,theOhioStateUniversityofferedanoptionwhereshewouldpaynothing.Stayingin-statewasn’therfirstchoice,butitwasthebestoptionforher.5．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．HowCollegePointworks.B．ThegoalofCollegePoint.C．Waystoapplyforafreeadviser.D．Thechallengeofchoosingcolleges.6．Whatpreventslow-incomestudentsfromattendingpropercolleges?A．Overestimatingtheirabilities.B．Knowinglittleaboutcolleges.C．Lackofenoughlearningexperience.D．Failuretogetsupportfromtheirfamilies.7．WhydidHensleyfinallychoosetheOhioStateUniversity?A．Shedidn’twanttostayfarfromhome.B．Herfavoritemajorwasprovidedthere.C．Shewouldshowhertalentstothefull.D．Theuniversitymetherfinancialneeds.第62页共62页 8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．HowtoBeaFinancialAdviserB．StepsforTopStudentstoSelectIdealCollegesC．AdvisersHelpPoorStudentsApplytoSuitableCollegesD．CollegePoint—aProgramHelpingStudentsScoreHigh【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。介绍了一款帮助贫困家庭的优秀生申请合适大学的虚拟建议程序。5．A　段落大意题。根据第二段“That’stheideabehindCollegePoint,aninitiativetohelpgiftedstudentsgotoschoolsthatmatchtheirintellectual(智力的)ability.Whenahighschoolstudenttakesastandardizedtest—thePSAT,SATorACT—andtheyscoreinthe90thpercentile,andtheirfamiliesmakelessthan$80,000ayear,theygetanemailfromtheprogramofferingthemafreeadviser.Theadviserslisten,guideandanswerstudents’questions.”得知本段讲述了CollegePoint的建议者们对那些大学考试分数过关，但是年收入不到8万美元的家庭提供免费的选择大学方面的指导。可以得知讲述了CollegePoint是如何运作的。故选A。6．B　细节理解题。根据第三段“forresearchshowsthatlow-incomestudentsarefarmorelikelytoundermatchbecausetheydon’tthinktheyhavewhatittakestogetinandbecausemanydon’tevenknowwhatschoolsareoutthere.”得知研究表明低收入家庭的学生们很可能选择的大学是低匹配的，因为他们不了解大学。故选B。7．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nakhle,anadviserinNorthCarolina,isworkingwithHensley,anOhiohighschoolseniorwhocan’tgetextrafinancialhelpfromherfamily.Theyspentalotoftimecomparingandanalyzingherfinancial-aidawardletters,whichmadeherdecisionmuchclearer.Finally,theOhioStateUniversityofferedanoptionwhereshewouldpaynothing.”家境贫寒的Hensley和北卡来罗那的建议者一起分析她的经济救助奖项，使得她的大学选择更清晰。得知Hensley选择俄亥俄大学是因为这个大学符合她的经济水平。故选D。8．C　标题归纳题。第一段“Oneapproachtomakethiswholeprocesseasier？Pairstudentsupwithanadviser.”问答形式引出文章主题让申请大学更简单更匹配，可以选择一款帮助贫困家庭的优秀生申请合适大学的虚拟建议程序。故选C。C(2021·江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高三下学期第二次高考模拟)Whenwe’vegotchildren,it’stypicalofustogivecarefulthoughttohowmuchTVthechildrenarewatchingandthatthey’reexposedto.ArewebeingoverprotectiveabouttheeffectrealityTVishavingonourchild？Theansweris“No”．Orrather,there’sincreasingevidencethattheseprogrammescanhaveaprofoundinfluenceonyoungpeople.ArecentresearchindicatesthatsomerealityTVshowscanbeeverybitasdamagingforteenagegirlsastoomanycartoonsareforkids—perhapsevenworse.ThetruthisthatrealityTVisanythingbutreality—butthat’snotnecessarilywhatourchildrenbelieve.AstudyfortheGirlScoutResearchInstituteintheUSfoundthateightoutoftengirlsagedbetween11and17whoregularlywatchrealityshowsbelievetheseprogrammesdescribereallife.Infact,muchofreality第62页共62页 TVisaheavilymanipulatedviewofwhat’sreallyhappening,andtheworstofitstrengthensthesortoffemalestereotypeswomenhavespentdecadestryingtoremove.ManyofthewomenonrealityTVshowsareactingoutlivesasteenagemothersordramaqueens.Strong,hard-working,purposefulyoungwomenwithambitionsbeyondtheirlooksarerareintheseprogrammes.There’sawidespreademphasisonthevalueofwomenbeingabouthowtheylookanddress,whichgivesyoungviewersthemessagethatbeingawomanisallaboutstyleandappearance,notwhatyoudoorstandfor.CulturalcriticandwriterJenniferPoznerdescribesrealityTVas“thecontemporarynegativereactionagainstfeminism”．ImranSiddiquee,DirectorofSocialMediaandOutreach,isconcernedthattheseprogrammesshowtheworststereotypesofwomanhoodand“normalize”theminwhatappeartobeeverydaysettings.“Theyoffersuchalimitedviewofwhatitistobeawoman,andallovertheworldyounggirlsareaddictedtoit，”hesays.Siddiqueedoesrecognize,however,thatmanygirlsthemselvesvaluerealityTV.Somesayitencouragesthemtothinkaboutsituationsdifferentfromtheirown.Theyalsopointoutthatsomeshowsfeaturewomenrunningtheirownsuccessfulbusinesses.“It’simportanttoacknowledgethattherearesomeusefulelementsinrealityTV，”Siddiqueesays.“Butmanygirlsneedtobeinspiredtothinkmorecriticallyaboutsomeaspectsoftheseshowssothey’renotmanipulatedbythemandsotheirbehaviourdoesn’tchangebecauseofthem.”Weshouldencourageourchildrentobecriticalthinkersandhelpthemdeveloptheirmedialiteracy.WhetherrealityTVischangingourchildren’sviews,orwhethertheyareattractedtoprogrammesthatagreewiththeirbeliefs,it’svitalwerecognizethattheirviewinghabitscouldstrengthentheseunbalancedideas.9．Thispassageismostprobablyintendedfor________.A．teenagegirls　B．parentsC．mediaworkers　D．generalpublic10．WhatistheproblemwitharealityTVshow?A．Itistootruetolifeforaudiencetobelievein.B．Actorsanddirectorslackasenseofinnovation.C．Itscontentsandviewsareratherartificial.D．Ithascausedcontroversiesamongteenagers.11．AccordingtotheImranSiddquee,whatshouldrealityTVshowspresent?A．Genuineaccountsoffemalesandtheirwork.B．Waystogainmorepopularityamongpeers.C．DistinctionbetweentruelifeandTVdramas.D．Tipsonhowtobecomestylishyounggirls.12．Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?A．SituationswhereteenagersareattractedtocertainTVprogrammes.B．RealityTVshows’impactonyounggirlsandparent’sguidance.第62页共62页 C．Thewaytohelpchildrentohavethehabitofcriticalthinking.D．ThestereotypesofwomenonTVandaudience’sreaction.【语篇解读】　这是一篇议论文。文章论述了一些真人电视节目输出的错误价值观和内容塑造了对女性的刻板印象和强调外在，忽视了女性内在美和独立奋斗的形象，会误导青春期少女。作者呼吁家长培养孩子面对这类内容要进行独立思考，而不是被塑造影响。9．B　推理判断题。由文章前两段可知，作者主要针对“weparents”“ourchildren”在说明当下的一些真人秀对年轻人，尤其是青春期少女的影响，希望家长能给予正确引导。所以这篇文章的目标群体是家长们。故选B。10．C　推理判断题。根据第三段“ManyofthewomenonrealityTVshowsareactingoutlivesasteenagemothersordramaqueens.Strong,hard-working,purposefulyoungwomenwithambitionsbeyondtheirlooksarerareintheseprogrammes.(许多电视真人秀中的女性都扮演着少女妈妈或戏剧女王的角色。在这些节目中，身强力壮、勤奋上进、有远大抱负的年轻女性并不多见。)”和第四段“...theseprogrammesshowtheworststereotypesofwomanhoodand’normalize’theminwhatappeartobeeverydaysettings...(这些节目展示了对女性最糟糕的刻板印象，并在似乎是日常的场景中将其’正常化’)”可知，第三、四两段集中论述真人秀的问题，内容充满了对女性的刻板印象解读，展现的都是女性美丽的外表，而不是一个女性应该有的独立和上进心，这种价值观是错误的，会误导女孩对于女性的认知。由此可知，真人秀的内容和观点是相当虚假的。故选C。11．A　细节理解题。根据第五段第三句“Theyalsopointoutthatsomeshowsfeaturewomenrunningtheirownsuccessfulbusinesses.(他们还指出，一些节目以女性经营自己成功的企业为特色。)”可知，一些节目展现的是成功的经营自己事业的女性，该段在说一些女孩对于这类节目的思考，也举出了不同于之前只注重女性外表的节目。换句话说，ImranSiddquee认为真人秀应该展现的是女性和她们的事业。故选A。12．B　主旨大意题。根据第二段“ArecentresearchindicatesthatsomerealityTVshowscanbeeverybitasdamagingforteenagegirlsastoomanycartoonsareforkids—perhapsevenworse.(最近的一项研究表明，一些真人秀节目对十几岁的女孩的伤害和太多卡通节目对孩子的伤害一样大，甚至可能更糟。)”和最后一段“Weshouldencourageourchildrentobecriticalthinkersandhelpthemdeveloptheirmedialiteracy.(我们应该鼓励我们的孩子成为批判性思考者，并帮助他们发展媒体素养。)”结合全文内容，根据首段可知，作者指出现在很多电视节目对年轻人有很大影响。同时最后一段作者指出，家长要帮助孩子养成批判性的思考习惯，因此文章大意是真人秀对年轻女孩的影响以及家长应如何指引。故选B。阅读理解(七)　标题归纳题A(2021·山东省(新高考)高三二模英语试卷(三))Whenmusiccomeson,somepeoplearetoe-lappersorhead-bobbers,othersshaketheirhips,andthentherearethosewholettherhythmmovethemtoafull-bodyboogie(布吉舞)．But,whateveritis,thewaywedancetoabeatissonoticeabletoanindividualthatacomputercan第62页共62页 nowidentifyusbyouruniquedancing“fingerprint”．ResearchersattheCentreforInterdisciplinaryMusicResearchatFinland’sUniversityofJyv-skylhavebeenusingmotioncapture(动作捕捉)technologytostudywhataperson’sdancemovessayabouthisorhermood,personality,andabilitytosympathize.TheyrecentlymadeanaccidentaldiscoverywhiletryingtoseeifanMLmachine,aformofartificialintelligence,wouldbeabletoidentifywhichkindofmusicwasplayingbasedonhowtheparticipantsofthestudyweredancing.Intheirstudy,theresearchersmotioncaptured73participantswiththeAItechnologywhiletheydancedtoeightdifferentmusicgenres：electronica,jazz,metal,pop,rap,reggae,country,andblues.Theonlyinstructionthedancersweregivenwastomoveinawaythatfeltnatural.Butwhatitcoulddowasmoreshocking.Thecomputerwasabletocorrectlyidentifywhichmusiconeoftheparticipantswasdancingto94percentofthetime,regardlessofwhatkindofmusicwasplaying,basedonthepatternofaperson’sdancestyle.Itwasthemovementofparticipants’heads,shouldersandkneesthatwereimportantmarkersindistinguishingbetweenindividual.“Itseemsasthoughaperson’sdancemovementsakindoffingerprint.Eachpersonhasauniquemovementsignaturethatstaysthesamenomatterwhatkindofmusicisplaying，”saidPasiSaari,aco-authorofthestudy,inaclass.It’spossiblethatdance-recognitionsoftwarecouldbecomesomethingsimilartoface-recognitionsoftwarebutitdoesn’tseemaspractical.Fornow,researcherssaythattheyarenotasinterestedinpossiblesurveillance(监视)usesofthistechnology,butratherwhattheresultsofthisstudysayabouthowhumansrespondtomusic.Sodon’tworryaboutbeingidentifiedatnightclubbyanAIviayoursignaturedancemovesyet.1．WhatdidtheresearchersexpecttodowiththeMLmachine?A．Testthedancers’flexibility.　B．Makedancersaccustomedtothebeat.C．Identifythemusicusingdancers’moves.　D．Checktheaccuracyofmotioncapturetechnology.2．WhatmightnothelptheAItechnologydetermineadancer’sidentity?A．Headmovement.　B．Footmovement.C．Kneemovement.　D．Shouldermovement.3．Whatdoresearcherswanttousetheresultsfor?A．Puttingitontheapplicationmarket.　B．Programmingittoworkatnightclub.C．Learningaboutthehumanresponsetomusic.　D．Developingasoftwarelikeface-recognition.4．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．Amusicstylematterslessthanitsbeat.B．NewAIcangenerateyournextdancemove.第62页共62页 C．Adance-recognitionsoftwarewillbecomemorepopular.D．NewAIcanidentifyyoubyyourdancing“fingerprint”．【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项研究结果：新的AI技术可以通过跳舞者独特的跳舞“指纹”来识别他们。1．C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“TheyrecentlymadeanaccidentaldiscoverywhiletryingtoseeifanMLmachine,aformofartificialintelligence,wouldbeabletoidentifywhichkindofmusicwasplayingbasedonhowtheparticipantsofthestudyweredancing.(最近，他们在尝试看人工智能ML机器是否能够根据研究参与者跳舞的方式来识别出播放的音乐时，有了一个意外发现。)”可知，研究人员期望用ML机器根据舞蹈者的动作识别音乐。故选C。2．B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Itwasthemovementofparticipants’heads,shouldersandkneesthatwereimportantmarkersindistinguishingbetweenindividual.(参与者头部、肩膀和膝盖的运动是区分个体的重要标志。)”可知，跳舞者的脚部运动不能帮助AI技术确定跳舞者的身份。故选B。3．C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“...researcherssaythattheyarenotasinterestedinpossiblesurveillance(监视)usesofthistechnology,butratherwhattheresultsofthisstudysayabouthowhumansrespondtomusic.(……研究人员说他们感兴趣的不是这种技术的监视用途，而是这项研究关于人类对音乐是如何反应的结果。)”可知，研究人员想用这个研究的结果来了解人类对音乐的反应。故选C。4．D　标题归纳题。文章第一段提到“But,whateveritis,thewaywedancetoabeatissonoticeabletoanindividualthatacomputercannowidentifyusbyouruniquedancing‘fingerprint’．(然而，不管是什么舞蹈，我们跟着节拍跳舞的方式对一个人来说是如此明显，以至于电脑现在可以通过我们独特的跳舞“指纹”来识别我们。)”；第三段中提到研究人员PasiSaari所说的话“Itseemsasthoughaperson’sdancemovementsakindoffingerprint.Eachpersonhasauniquemovementsignaturethatstaysthesamenomatterwhatkindofmusicisplaying，(一个人的舞蹈动作就好像是一种指纹。每个人都有自己独特的动作特征，无论演奏什么音乐，这些特征都是不变的。)”由此可知，文章是关于新的AI技术能够通过独特的跳舞“指纹”来识别跳舞者。D项“新的AI技术能够通过你的跳舞’指纹’来识别你”可以作为本文标题。故选D。B(2021·贵州省毕节市高三年级诊断性考试(三))E-cigarettescandamagevitalimmunesystemcellsandmaybemoreharmfulthanpreviouslythought,astudysuggests.Researchersfounde-cigarettevapourdisabledimportantimmunecellsinthelungandboostedinflammation(炎症)．Theresearcherscautionagainstthewidelyheldopinionthate-cigarettesaresafe.However,PublicHealthEnglandadvisestheyaremuchlessharmfulthansmokingandpeopleshouldnothesitatetousethemasanaidtogivingupcigarettes.Thesmallexperimentalstudy,ledbyProfDavidThickett,attheUniversityofBirmingham,ispublishedonlineinthejournalThorax.Previousstudieshavefocusedonthechemicalelements第62页共62页 ofe-cigaretteliquidbeforeitisvaped.Inthisstudy,theresearchersdesignedamechanicalprocesstomimic(模拟)vapinginthelaboratory,usinglungtissuesamplesprovidedbyeightnon-smokers.Theyfoundvapourcausedinflammationandimpairedtheactivityofalveolarmacrophagescells(肺泡巨噬细胞)thatremovedpotentiallydamagingdustparticles,bacteriaandallergens.Theysailsomeoftheeffectsweresimilartothoseseeninregularsmokersandpeoplewithchroniclungdisease.Theycautionthattheresultsareonlyinlaboratoryconditionsandtheyareplanningtodomoreresearchtobetterunderstandthelong-termhealthimpactthechangesrecordedtookplaceonly48hours.ProfThicketsaidwhilee-cigarettesweresaferthantraditionalcigarettesintermsofcancerrisk,theymaystillbeharmfulinthelong-term.Ifyouvapefor20or30years,youcansufferfromCOPD(chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease),thenthat’ssomethingweneedtoknowabout.5．What’sthewidelyheldopinionaboute-cigarettes?A．They’remoreharmful.　　　B．They’relessharmful.C．They’reunknowntopeople.　　　D．They’reharmless.6．Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?A．It’sbelievable.B．It’sconductednarrowly.C．It’sacceptedbymostpeople.D．It’scarriedoutinAmerica.7．Whatcanwelearnaboute-cigarettesfromthelastparagraph?A．Theyaresaferintermsofmentalproblems.B．Theymaybelittleharminthelongrun.C．Theyaresaferwithregardtocancerrisk.D．Theycancompletelyreplacetraditionalones.8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Cane-cigarettesdamagevitalbrainsystemcells?B．Cane-cigarettesbecomepopularamongpeople?C．Cane-cigarettesberecommendedtosmokers?D．Canc-cigarettesdamagevitalimmunesystemcells?【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了研究人员通过实验证明看似安全的电子烟实际上会损害我们重要的免疫系统细胞。5．D　细节理解题。根据第二自然段“Theresearcherscautionagainstthewidelyheldopinionthate-cigarettesaresafe.(研究人员对人们普遍认为电子烟是安全的观点提出了警告。)”可知，人们普遍认为电子烟是安全无害的。故选D。6．B　细节理解题。根据第三自然段“Thesmallexperimentalstudy,ledbyProfDavidThickett,attheUniversityofBirmingham,ispublishedonlineinthejournalThorax.(这项由伯明翰大学大卫·西克特教授领导的小型实验研究发表在《胸腔》杂志的网站上。)”第62页共62页 可知，这只是一个有限的小型实验。故选B。7．C　细节理解题。根据最后自然段“ProfThicketsaidwhilee-cigarettesweresaferthantraditionalcigarettesintermsofcancerrisk,theymaystillbeharmfulinthelong-term.(西克特教授表示，尽管就癌症风险而言，电子烟比传统香烟更安全，但从长远来看，它们可能仍然有害。)”可知，就癌症风险而言，电子烟相对安全。故选C。8．D　标题归纳题。根据第一自然段“E-cigarettescandamagevitalimmunesystemcellsandmaybemoreharmfulthanpreviouslythought,astudysuggests.(一项研究表明，电子烟会损害重要的免疫系统细胞，其危害可能比之前认为的更大。)”和末段“ProfThicketsaidwhilee-cigarettesweresaferthantraditionalcigarettesintermsofcancerrisk,theymaystillbeharmfulinthelong-term.(西克特教授表示，尽管就癌症风险而言，电子烟比传统香烟更安全，但从长远来看，它们可能仍然有害。)”可知，本文主要论述了看似安全的电子烟，实际是有害的，它可能会破坏我们的重要的免疫系统细胞。故选D。C(2021·江西南昌市高三一模)Ajointresearchteamrecentlyhavedevelopedanewelectronicskinthatissimilartohumanskininstrength,durability(耐久性)andsensitivity.Theskinore-skinmayplayanimportantroleinnext-generationpersonalizedmedicine,softroboticsandartificialintelligence.“Theideale-skinwillmimic(模仿)manynaturalfunctionsofhumanskin,suchassensingtemperatureandtouch,accuratelyandinrealtime，”saysleadingresearcherYichenCai.However,makingsuitablyflexibleelectronicsthatcanperformsuchdelicatetaskswhilealsousedrepeatedlyischallenging,andeachmaterialinvolvedmustbecarefullyengineered.Moste-skinsaremadebyputtinganactivesensoronthesurfacethatattachestohumanskin.However,theconnectionbetweenthemisoftentooweak,whichreducesthedurabilityandsensitivityofthematerial；otherwise,ifitistoostrong,itwon’tbeflexibleenough,makingitmorelikelytobreakthecircuit.“Thelandscapeofskinelectronicskeepsshiftingataremarkablepace，”saysCai.“Thediscoveryof2Dsensorshasacceleratedeffortstoturnthesequitethinbutstrongmaterialsintofunctional,durableartificialskins.”Thenewman-madeskinbuiltbytheresearcherscouldsenseobjectsfrom20centimetersaway.Itcouldfurthermakeaquickresponsewhentouchedinlessthanonetenthofasecond.“Itisastrikingachievementforane-skintomaintaintoughnessafterrepeateduse，”saidShen,“whichmimicsthesoftnessandrapidrecoveryofhumanskin.”Thistypeofe-skincouldmonitorarangeofbiologicalinformation,suchaschangesinbloodpressure,whichcanbedetectedfrommovementsofarmsandlegs.ThisdatacanthenbesharedandstoredonthecloudviaWi-Fi.“Oneremainingproblemtothewidespreaduseofe-skinsliesinmassproductionofhigh-resolutionsensors，”addsgroupleaderVincentTung“however,thelatesttechnologyoffersnewpromise.”第62页共62页 9．What’sthefeatureofthenewe-skin?A．Itcanstoreinformation.B．It’squitehardandtough.C．It’sflexibleandsensitive.D．Itcanreplacehumanskin.10．Whydoestheauthormention“moste-skins”inParagraph3?A．Tostressthechallengesofmakinge-skins.B．Tointroducethepopularityofe-skins.C．Toshowtheprocessofmakinge-skins.D．Tocomparethesimilaritybetweene-skins.11．Whatcanthenewe-skindo?A．Adjustthebloodpressure.B．Recoverthewoundedskin.C．Workasaremotecontroller.D．Sensetheoutsidetemperature.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ABreakthroughinHi-techB．Man-madeSkin,ImprovedC．E-skin,APromisingBusinessD．TheWidespreadUseofE-skin【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了一个联合研究小组最近开发了一种新的电子皮肤，它在强度、耐用性和敏感性方面与人类皮肤相似，这种新的电子皮肤有望大量生产。9．C　细节理解题。根据第一段“Ajointresearchteamrecentlyhavedevelopedanewelectronicskinthatissimilartohumanskininstrength,durabilityandsensitivity.(一个联合研究小组最近开发了一种新的电子皮肤，它在强度、耐用性和敏感性方面与人类皮肤相似。)”以及第五段“’Itisastrikingachievementforane-skintomaintaintoughnessafterrepeateduse，’saidShen,’whichmimicsthesoftnessandrapidrecoveryofhumanskin.’(“电子皮肤在反复使用后保持韧性是一个惊人的成就，”沈说，“它模仿了人类皮肤的柔软和快速恢复(能力)。”)”可知，新电子皮肤在强度、耐用性和敏感性方面与人类皮肤相似，而且反复使用后能迅速恢复，非常灵活。因此，新的电子皮肤的特点是C项“It’sflexibleandsensitive.(它灵活敏感。)”符合题意。故选C。10．A　推理判断题。根据第三段“Moste-skinsaremadebyputtinganactivesensoronthesurfacethatattachestohumanskin.However,theconnectionbetweenthemisoftentooweak,whichreducesthedurabilityandsensitivityofthematerial；otherwise,ifitistoostrong,itwon’tbeflexibleenough,makingitmorelikelytobreakthecircuit.(大多数电子皮肤是通过在皮肤表面安装一个有源传感器来制作的。但是，它们之间的连接往往太弱，这就降低了材料的耐久性和灵敏度；否则，如果太强，就不够灵活，更容易断开电路。)”第62页共62页 可知，大多数电子皮肤是通过在皮肤表面安装一个有源传感器来制作，但是它们之间的连接既不能太强也不能太弱，研究过程中遇到了挑战。因此，作者在第3段提到“大多数电子皮肤”是为了强调制作电子皮肤的挑战。故选A。11．D　细节理解题。根据第二段“Theideale-skinwillmimicmanynaturalfunctionsofhumanskin,suchassensingtemperatureandtouch,accuratelyandinrealtime(理想的电子皮肤将模拟人体皮肤的许多自然功能，如准确实时地感知温度和触觉)”可知，新电子皮肤模拟人体皮肤的许多自然功能，如准确实时地感知温度和触觉。故选D。12．B　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Ajointresearchteamrecentlyhavedevelopedanewelectronicskinthatissimilartohumanskininstrength,durabilityandsensitivity.(一个联合研究小组最近开发了一种新的电子皮肤，它在强度、耐用性和敏感性方面与人类皮肤相似。)”可知，新的电子皮肤，它在强度、耐用性和敏感性方面与人类皮肤相似，在新技术的支持下，有希望大量生产。因此，这篇文章最好的标题是B项“Man-madeSkin,Improved(人造改良皮肤)”。故选B。第62页共62页