初中英语2025届中考语法复习主谓一致知识讲解

中考英语语法复习主谓一致知识讲解一、概述主谓一致是指谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致,遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。二、语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。1.当and或both...and...连接两个或两个以上的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。TomandMikearegoodfriends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。BothLucyandLilyarestudents.露西和莉莉都是学生。2.不定代词either,neither,eachone,theother,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,noone,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Isthereanythingwrongwithyourbike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗?Everyoneisreadyforthesportsmeeting.大家都为运动会做好了准备。3.由each,each...andeach...,every,every...andevery...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenanewuniform.给了每一个男孩和每一个女孩一件新校服。4.主语后接有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,including,besides,like,except,but等词或短语时,谓语动词的数由主语的单、复数形式决定。Mr.GreenwithhiswifeandtwodaughtersiscomingtoBeijing.格林先生将和他的夫人及两个女儿一块儿来北京。5.anumberof+名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;thenumberof+限定词+名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Anumberoftreeswerecutdown.许多树木被砍倒了。Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis32.我们班的学生人数为32。6.“alotof(lotsof,plentyof,apileof,pilesof,mostof)+名词”和“分数或百分数+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于名词。如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。Lotsofpeoplehavebeenthere.很多人去过那儿。7.由“apair(akind,aseries...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs(kinds...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Apairofsunglassesislyingonthetable.桌子上放着一副太阳镜。3,Fiftypairsofshoesaremadeeachday.每天能制作50双鞋。8.某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,shoes,gloves...)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Myglasseswerewornout.我的眼镜坏了。9.不定式或动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Readingislearning.读书就是学习。Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。【即学即练】1.MysisterwithmyparentsdumplingswhenIgothomeyesterdayevening.A.aremakingB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.weremaking2.Inourschoollibrarythereanumberofbooksandthenumberofthemgrowinglargerandlarger.A.is;areB.has;isC.are;isD.have;are3.—Thepriceofvegetablessoquicklythesedays.—Oh,no,butIdon’tthinkso.A.affordB.risesC.improvesD.raise4.Climbinghillsofgreathelptoourhealth.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are1.答案:C2.答案:C3.答案:B4.答案:C三、意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念。由and连接的两个名词作主语,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。Theteacherandwriteriscomingtogiveusatalknextweek.那位老师兼作家下周要给我们做报告。Thesingeranddancerhasbeeninvitedtotheparty.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了晚会。表示金钱、价格、时间、距离、长度等复数名词、词组作主语时,一般被看作一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。Fiveyearsisalongtime.五年是一段很长的时间。集体名词(如family,team,crowd,company,class,group,government...)如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式,如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。3,Myfamilyaregoingonvacationnextmonth.我们一家人下个月要去度假。Myfamilyisasmallonewiththreepeople.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。people,police,cattle等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Thepolicearehelpingagirlfindherparents.警察正在帮助一个女孩找她的父母。Peopletherearelivingahappylife.那儿的人们生活得很快乐。【即学即练】1.Twomonthsalongtime.Wecanvisitourgrandparentsduringthevacation.A.amB.isC.are2.—Davidhasbeenawayformorethan25days.—Imisshimverymuch.Youknow,25daysshort.A.isB.isn’tC.areD.aren’t3.ThesingerandwriterfromJapan.A.areB.isC.comeD.have1.答案:B2.答案:B3.答案:B四、就近原则有时谓语动词的形式与靠近它的主语一致,这种原则叫作就近一致原则。1.由either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also)...,not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIamlookingforwardtomeetingmyuncle.不只是我父母,我也盼望看到我叔叔。2.therebe...和herebe...这两个句式中的动词be常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。ThereisatableandthreechairsinTom’sroom.在汤姆的房间有一张桌子和三把椅子。【即学即练】1.—Whatwouldyouliketohaveforsupper?—EithernoodlesorriceOK.Idon’tminD.A.areB.wereC.isD.was2.NeitherTomnorIinterestedinplayingthegame.A.amB.isC.areD.be3.TheremanynewwordsinLessonNine,soitisveryeasy.A.isB.aren'tC.isn'tD.are1.答案:C2.答案:A3.答案:B3