高中英语2025届高考语法复习主谓一致知识讲解

高考英语语法复习主谓一致知识讲解主谓一致指的是句子的谓语受主语支配，谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化。英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和邻近一致原则。这三个原则发生冲突时，优先考虑意义一致原则。主谓一致的具体运用如下表：主语谓语动词例句由and连接的并列成分指不同的人、物或概念用复数LucyandIgotoschoolfivedaysaweek.Bothbreadandmilkaregoodforyourhealth.指同一个人、物或概念用单数Thewriterandteacherisquitepopularamongthestudents.不定代词或由不定代词修饰的名词Each,neither,either,one,theother,another,much,little及复合不定代词等表示单数意义一般用单数Nothinghasbeendonetopreventtheriverfrombeingpolluted.Eitherofusisn’tgoingtogiveupourchanceofeducation.Many,few,several,both等表示复数意义用复数Fewoftheguestswerefamiliartous.some,all,any等既可表示复数意义也可表示单数意义依主语表示的具体意义而定AllIwantispeaceandquiet.Allareequalbeforethelaw.morethanone...,manya...用单数Morethanoneroadisbeingrepaired.Manyastudenthopestoreducehomework.不定式、动名词及从句单个的不定式或动名词一般用单数Tosaysomethingisusuallyeasierthantodosomething.由and连接的不定式、动名词一般用复数Swimminginsummerandskatinginwinteraremyhobbies.what引导的主语从句根据从句表达的意义而定Whatweneedareexperiencedworkers.Whatsurprisedmemostwashiswayofspeaking.表示由两部分构成的事物的名词常用复数Mytrousersareold,soIwanttobuyanewpair.Apairof等修饰的名词与计量单位名词一致Apairofnewshoeswasgiventomeasapresentbymyfather.关系代词取决于先行词Thisisoneofthemoststrangestoriesthataretoldbymygrandpa.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhoislatesometimes.数量词修饰的名词修饰不可数名词用单数Plentyofmoneyhasbeensavedtobuythatcar.修饰可数名词复数用复数Alotofstudentsinthatschoolwanttojointheclub.AquantityLargeamountsofmoneyarebeinginvested2 of...,quantitiesof...,anamountof...,amountsof...根据quantity和amount的形式而定inthelocalmarket.Alargeamountofmoneyisspentontobaccoeveryyear.表示时间、度量、距离等的名词短语用单数Fiveyearsisalongtimetowaitforananswer.The+形容词表示一类人用复数TheoldarewelltakencareofinChina.表示一类事物或抽象概念用单数Thebeautifulislovedbyall.爱美之心，人皆有之。名词/代词后带有with/togetherwith/aswellas/nolessthan/alongwith...等短语与名词/代词保持一致Theoldladyaswellashertwodaughtersgoesshoppingeveryweekend.TomtogetherwithhissisterstudiesJapaneseinJapan.Most,rest,majority,分数，百分数等由所指代的名词来决定Mostofhissparetimewasspentinreading.Mostofthebuildingsinourschoolarenew.集体名词Family,class类视为整体用单数Theclasshas45students.Family,class类侧重个体用复数Hisfamilyareallfondoffootball.People,police,cattle等用复数Thepolicehavecaughtthecriminal.Oneof+可数名词复数用单数Oneofmygoodfriendshasbeenabroadforeightyears.Anumberof+可数名词复数用复数Anumberofworkershaverecentlyleftthecompany.Thenumberof+可数名词复数用单数Thenumberoftheunemployedisstillincreasing.连词or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...等连接的并列成分就近一致Areyouorhegoingtobeinchargeofthefactory?EitheryourstudentsorMrZhangknowsaboutit.注意：（1）由and连接的并列单数主语前如果有no,each,every,manya等修饰语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。Inourcountryeachboyandeachgirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.（2）存现句采用就近一致原则。Thereisanappleandsomeorangesonthetable.2