初中英语人教新目标九年级全册Unit 1—Unit 6语法知识讲解练习

九年级英语全册语法知识讲解练习Unit1Howcanwebecomegoodlearners?【语法重点】1、“by+V-ing”结构详解（1）"by+V-ing”结构在句子中作方式状语，常用来表示“以、靠、借助、通过、用（某种方法或手段)”而达到某种预期的目的。该结构常用来回答Howdoyou.?之类的问题。eg：—HowdoyoulearnEnglish?—Ilearnitbymakingwordcards.（2）当by和表示交通工具的名词连用时，它与名词之间不用任何限定词，且名词用单数形式。eg:Theyoftengotoschoolbysubway.他们经常坐地铁上学。（3）by+地点名词”表示位置，意为“靠近…；在…旁边”。eg：bytheriver在河边（4）by+时间”表示“在…之前；不迟于。eg：by3'clock在3点之前（5）表示移动方向，意为“经过…”。eg：passby经过（6）by用在被动语态中，表示“被；由”，后接动作的执行者，用来引出原主动语态的主语。eg：ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.（7）构成固定短语。eg：bytheway顺便问一下；onebyone逐个的；byaccident偶然；byoneself独自；单独；wordbyword逐字地bymistake错误的bychance偶然的拓展：by,in和with都可以表示"通过；借助”。by后接表示动作、行为的名词；in表示"用某种语言；用某种材料“；wth后接表示物体或工具的名词。如：Youmaysendthebookbypost.你可以通过邮局把书寄出去。CanyousayitinEnglish？Youcanwriteitwitharedpen.2、提建议的句式。1、What/howabout+doingsth.?eg：What/Howaboutgoingshopping?2、Whydon'tyou+dosth.?eg：Whydon'tyougoshopping?3、Whynot+dosth.?eg：Whynotgoshopping?4、Let's+dosth.9,eg：Let'sgoshopping5、Shallwe/I+dosth.?eg：Shallwegoshoping?【练习】1、—Howdoyougotowork?—Igotowork_____bus.2、Pleasewriteit_______Chinese.3、It'sagoodhabittopickupfood________servingchopsticks.（公筷）4、IlearnEnglishby_________(listen)totapes.【答案】1、by2、in3、with4、listeningUnit2Ithinkthatmooncakesaredelicious!一、宾语从句点击下面链接可查看→宾语从句语法精讲与练习（含答案）二、反义疑问句①前肯+后否。eg：Lilyisastudent，isn'tshe?LilywillgotoChina,won'tshe?②前否+后肯。eg：Shedoesn'tcomefromChina,doesshe?Youhaven'tfinishedhomework,haveyou?③提问部分用代词而不用名词eg：Lilyisastudent,isn'tshe?④陈述句中含有否定意义的词eg：little,few,never,nothing,hard等，其反意疑问句用肯定式.HeknowslittleEnglish,doeshe?他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？⑤否定前缀不算否定eg：Tomisunhappytoday,isn'the?三、表达“花费”1.spend动词，表示花费金钱、时间①spend...onsth.在某事上花费（金钱、时间）②spend....(in)doingsth.花费（金钱、时间）去做某事eg：Hespendstoomuchtimeonclothes.他花费太多的时间在衣服上。（花金钱）Hespend2hoursfinishinghomework.他花费了两个小时完成作业。（花时间）2.pay的基本用法是：②payforsth.付...的钱。③payforsb.替某人付钱。④paysb.付钱给某人。@pay(sb.)moneyforsth.花费钱（给某人）买eg：9,@Ipay10yuanforthebook.我花了10元买这本书。②Ihavetopayforthebooklost..我不得不赔丢失的书款.③Don'tworry!I'llpayforyou,别担心，我会给你付钱的.3.take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：①Ittakessb.+时间+todosth.做某事花了某人多少时间。②doingsth.takessb.+时间，做某事花了某人多少时间。如：①Ittookthemthreeyearstobuildthisroad.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路，②Repairingthiscartookhimthewholeafternoon.他花了一下午修车.4.cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示”值”，常见用法如下：①sth.costs(sb.)+金钱，某物花了（某人）多少钱。②(doing)sth.costs(sb).时间，某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。如：①Anewcomputercostsalotofmoney.一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。②Rememberingthesenewwordscosthimalotoftime.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。【练习】Tomspent200yuan_________thisbook.A.inB.onC.forD.with2.It_______metwodaystofinishthework.A.tookB.costC.spentD.paid3.34.I__________someofmyfreetimeplayingbasketballformyschoolteam.A.spendB.costC.takeD.pay4.24.1_________$300forthebike.A.tookB.spentC.costD.paid【答案】BAADUnit3Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare?第三单元的语法重点是连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。1.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which等引导，不能省路。例eg：Doyouknowwhoheis?2.由连接副词how,where,when,why引导，也不可省略。eg：Idon'tknowwhereIcanbuythiskindofcamera.3.宾语从句用陈述句语序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其他。4.主句与从句的时态关系：(1)如果主句是一般现在时，从句可以是根据情况所需要的任何时态。eg：Idon'tknowwhenshecamehere.Canyoutellmewhenhewillcomehere?(2)如果主句是过去的时态，从句也应用过去时态的某一种，但若从句是表示客观事实或真理时，从句时态不受主句时态的限制，应用一般现在时。eg：Hetolduswhyhewouldstayathomethenextday.9,Theteacherexplainedhowtheearthgoesaroundthesun.5.某些由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句可改为含“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构的简单句。例如：CanyoutellmewhereIcanbuythisbook?-Canyoutellmewheretobuythisbook?【练习】1.-Couldyoupleasetellme_____?-Thepeopleandthefood.A.howdoesTomlikeChinaB.ifTomlikesChinaC.whatdoesTomlikeaboutChinaD.whatTomlikesaboutChina2.-Couldyoutellme_________?一Sure.Astorybook.A.whendidyourfriendgiveittoyouB.whatdidyourfriendgiveyouC.HowyourfroendgottothesupermarketD.whatyourfriendgaveyou【答案】DDUnit4Iusedtobeafraidthedark.【语法重点】usedto的用法usedto是固定结构，意为“过去常常，过去曾经（存在)”，表示过去某种习惯性、经常性的动作或过去存在的某种状态，暗含现在已不再发生或不存在之意。主语可以是各种人称，用于过去时态，其后跟动词原形。Heusedtobeshy.他过去很害羞。Sheusedtogetuplate.她过去起床很晚。句型转换Heusedtoplaybasketballafterschool.否定句→Hedidn'tusetoplaybasketballafterschool.一般疑问句→Didheusetoplaybasketballafterschool?反意疑问句→Heusedtoplaybasketballafterschool,didn'the?拓展:①在正式英语中，否定形式常用usednotto,一般疑问句常把used提到主语前，反意疑问句的附加疑问部分常用used/usedn't。否定句→Heusednottoplaybasketballafterschool.一般疑问句→Usedhetoplaybasketballafterschool?反意疑问句→Heusedtoplaybasketballafterschool,usedn'the?②Thereusedtobe.(过去有…)”是Therebe句型与usedto的结合句型。Thereusedtobeabookstoreacrossfromourschool.9,辨析：usedtodosth.过去常常做某事beusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事beusedtodosth.被用于做某事beusedfordoingsth.被用于做某事eg:①Heusedtogetuplate,butnowheisusedtogettingupearly.他过去起得晚，但是现在他习惯了早起。②Woodisusedtomakehouses.木材被用来建房子。Woodisusedformakinghouses.【语法练习】一、单项选择题1、(湖南益阳中考)Dianausedto________towork,butnowsheisusedto________becausetheroadiscrowdedandshewantstokeepfit.A.drive;walkB.drive;walkingC.driving;walk2、Heusedto________toschoollate,butnowhedoesn't.A.goB.goingC.wentD.goes3、He_________likemath,butnowhelikesitverymuch.A.didn'tusedtoB.didn'tusetoC.notusedtoD.doesn'tuseto4、Lucyusedtogotobedlate,________she?A.didn'tB.doesn'tC.hadn'tD.isn't5、Herson__________cola,butnowhe__________milk.A.usedtodrink;isusedtodrinkingB.usedtodrinking;drinksC.isusedtodrinking;usedtodrinkD.isusedtodrink;isdrinking二、根据所给提示完成句子。1、He___________bereallyquiet.他过去特别安静。2、Lindausedtoplayvolleyballinthegym,________________?（反义疑问句）【答案】一、BABAA二、usedtodidn'tsheUnit5Whataretheshirtsmadeof?一、语态定义英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。9,Eg:ManypeoplespeakChinese.许多人说汉语。（主动语态）Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.汉语被许多人说。（被动语态）二、被动语态的结构被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成，人称、数、和时态的变化，都是通过be动词的变化来体现。肯定句主语+am/isare+过去分词否定句主语+am/is/are+not+过去分词(+by...)一般疑问句Am/Is/Are+主语+过去分词(+by...)eg:Englishisspokenbymanypeople.英语被许多人说。Theyaren’tallowedtogooutatnight.他们不被允许进入那所房子。IsthecarmadebyaJapanesecompany?这个汽车是被日本公司制造的吗？主动语态与被动语态转换：Manystudentsplayedbasketball.→Basketballwasplayedbymanystudents.三、被动语态用法1.当动作的执行者不清楚或者没必要说明时：Theflowersarewateredeverymorning.这些花朵每天早上被浇水。2.需要突出动作的承受者时：Thenewteacherislikedbyallthestudents.这位新老师被所有学生喜欢。3.表示“据说，据报道，人们相信”等，常用“Itis+过去分词+that从句”句型。Itisbelievedthatbothofthechairswererepairedbyhim.人们相信，这两把椅子都是他修理的。4.文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态。TeachersWanted.(省略了are)招聘老师。【练习巩固】一、单项选择题1.Theboywithshorthair_________LittleTigerbyhisparents.A.callsB.calledC.iscallingD.iscalled2.Computers_________widelyinourdailylife.A.useB.usedC.wereusedD.areused3.（2023·河北·统考中考真题）Breakfast________everydayforpeopleagedover60forfreeinthisvillage.A．providesB．providedC．isprovidedD．wasprovided4.Chinese________bymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworldtoday.A.learnsB.learnedC.waslearnedD.islearned5.(2022·辽宁章新)Chinese_________bymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworldtoday.A.learnsB.learnedC.waslearnedD.islearned6.(2022·湖北黄冈)-ManyDIYcards_____________tomothersonMother'sDayeveryyear.-Howcreative!A.issendingB.aresending9,C.issentD.aresent7.(吉林中考)一Let'seatsomesnacks.-Betternot.Eating____________inthelibrary.A.arenotallowedB.doesn'tallowC.isnotallowed8.-WillyougotoLisa'shousewarmingpartynextSunday?-Well,ifI___________Iwillgoontime.A.inviteB.willinviteC.aminvitedD.willbeinvited二、把下列句子改为被动语态9.(2022·江苏南通)TheysellalotofthingsinOxfamshopstohelppeopleinneed.Alotofthings_______________inOxfamshopstohelppeopleinneed.10.Teachersdon'tallowthestudentstoleavetheclassroomuntilthebellrings.Thestudents________________toleavetheclassroombyteachersuntilthebellrings.【答案】一、DDCDDDCC二、aresoldaren'tallowedUnit6Whenwasitinvented?【语法讲解】1.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+V.过去分词eg:Thedeskwasmadebymyfather.这张书桌是我父亲做的。TheywereinventedbyJulieThompson.它们是朱莉·汤普森发明的。2.句式变化：(1)肯定句：主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他Manyfanswereattractedbytheone-armedbasketballplayer..许多球迷被那位独臂篮球运动员吸引了。(2)否定句：主语+wasn't/weren't+及物动词的过去分词+其他Manyfansweren'tattractedbytheone-armedbasketballplayer.许多球迷没被那位独臂篮球运动员吸引。(3)一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他？回答：Yes,主语+was/were.No,主语+wasn't/weren't.-Weremanyfansattractedbytheone-armedbasketballplayer?许多球迷被那位独臂篮球运动员吸引了吗？-No,theyweren't.不，他们没有（被吸引）。4.特殊情况(1)有些短语动词相当于及物动词，变为被动句时介词或副词不能去掉。eg.Theyputoffthemeetingbecauseoftheweather.→Themeetingwasputoffbecauseoftheweather.会议因天气的缘故被推迟了。(2)含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不变；如果把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，则在间接语前加to或for。e.g.Myauntgavemeane-dictionaryyesterday.Iwasgivenane-dictionaryyesterday.9,Ane-dictionarywasgiventomeyesterday.(3)主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式，变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号to。eg：Wesawastrangerenterthehall.——Astrangerwasseentoenterthehallbyus.我们看到一个陌生人进入了大厅。(4)系动词、不及物动词或某些短语动词（happen,takeplace,cometrue,fallasleep…）没有被动语态。e.g.WhathappenedtoMr.Brown?布朗先生发生了什么事？【练一练】一、将下列句子变为被动语态。1.(2022·黑龙江牡丹江，鸡西)Herepairedtheoldbikelastweek.(改为被动语态)Theoldbike___________byhimlastweek2.DidyougivebackyourbooktothelibrarylastFriday?(改为被动语态)yourbook____________backtothelibrarylastFriday?3.Thefamilybuiltanewhouselastyear.Anewhouse_______________(bythefamily)lastyear.4.Mymotherboughtmanyvegetablesyesterday.Manyvegetables_______________(bymymother)yesterday.5.Hechosesixstorybookstheotherday.Sixstorybooks____________byhimtheotherday.6.UncleLeegaveJackalargecakeforhepaintedthewallwonderfully.Jack__________alargecakeforhepaintedthewallwonderfully.6.Amouseatehalfofthecakelastnight.Halfofthecake__________byamouselastnight.7.Mymommakesmedothedisheseveryday.(为被动语态)Iam______________dothedisheseveryday.二、单项选择题1、(2022·江西中考）Mr.Smithcereatedanewgame.Soonallhisstudents_____________toplayit.A.teachB.taughtC.aretaughtD.weretaught2.(2022·海南)Fewstudentscouldunderstandthesentenceuntilit___________byMissChen.A.explainedB.wasexplainedC.wasexplaining三、用所给词的正确形式填空(2022·内蒙古包头中考改编)Thehousewas___________inthe19thcenturyandisinatypicalstyleofthattime.(build)2.Someoftheworld'sgreatestbooks______________longago.(write)【答案】一、1、wasrepaired2、wasgiven3、wasbuilt4、werebought5、werechosen6、waseaten7、madeto二、DB9,三、1、built2、werewritten9