高中英语2025届高考写作同义表达汇总（共332组）

高考英语写作同义表达♦♦♦高兴bepleasedShewasgreatly/highlypleased.她十分高兴。begladWeareveryglad.我们非常高兴。behappyWeareveryhappythatyouhavecome.你们来了我们十分高兴。bedelightedIwasextremelydelighted.我非常高兴。berejoicedWearerejoicedtohearthatyouhaverecoveredfromyourillness.我们听说你身体康复而高兴。♦♦♦听到…而高兴bepleasedatAreyoupleasedathisnews?听到他的情况你高兴吗?behappyatIamveryhappyathearingofyoursuccess.听到你成功的消息我感到很高兴。begladatWewereverygladatthenews.我们听到这个消息很高兴。rejoiceoverThesoldiersrejoicedoverthegoodnews.听到这个好消息战士们欢欣鼓舞。cheerupatWecheeredupatthenewsthattheexperimenthadprovedacompletesuccess.一听到实验成功的消息，我们都高兴起来。bedelightedtohearofIamsincerelydelightedtohearofyoursuccess.听到你成功的消息，我感到由衷的高兴。begladtohearIamgladtohearit.听到这我很高兴。bepleasedtohearI'mpleasedtohearhisnews.听到他的消息，我很高兴。♦♦♦见到某人而高兴begladtosee/meetsbIamverygladtoseeyou.127,我见到你很高兴。bedelightedatseeingsbIamdelightedatseeinghim.我见到他很高兴。bedelightedtosee/meetsbWearedelightedtomeetyouoncemore.再次见到你们我们很高兴。behappytosee/meetsbWeareveryhappytoseeyouall.我们很高兴地见到大家。bepleasedtosee/meetsbWeshallbepleasedtomeetyou.见到你我们很高兴。rejoiceatthesightofsbHerejoicedatthesightofthelanterns.我见到这些灯笼很高兴。♦♦♦高瞻远瞩lookfaraheadandaimhighTheyouthshouldlookfaraheadandaimhighandhaveaglobaloutlook.青年人要髙瞻远瞩，放眼世界。takeabroadandlong-termedviewTakingabroadandlong-termedview,LeninpredictedthevictoryoftheChineserevolutionseveraldecadesago.列宁高瞻远瞩，早在几十年前就预言了中国革命的胜利。befar-sightedshowgreatforesightseefarandwidetakealongandbroadviewstandhighandseefarbefulloffarsightedness♦♦♦离枕无忧sleepwithaneasymindresteasysleepsoundlywithoutworry/anxietycansleepincomfortlayasideallanxietyandrestcontentsleepwithoutanyanxiety/worrylayone'sheadonthickpillowanddropofftosleepsetone'smindateaserelaxone'svigilance♦♦♦搞好某事dowellinsthWe'lldowellineconomicconstruction.我们要搞好经济建设。127,makeagoodjobofsthAgoodjobwasmadeofthenewextensiontotheirkitchen.他们的厨房新扩建的那部分做得很好。makeafinejobofsthmakeagoodfistofsthmakeasuccessofsthdosthwell♦♦♦搞好某人的关系fostergoodrelationswithsbbuildgoodrelationswithsbestablishagood/friendlyrelationwithsbcreateagoodrelationshipwithsb♦♦♦搞活经济invigoratetheeconomytakeflexiblemeasurestoinvigorateeconomyenliventheeconomystimulatetheeconomy♦♦♦搞糟某事makeamessofsthHemadeamessofmydesk.他把我的写字台弄得乱七八糟。makeahashofsth《口语》Youhavemadeahashofthejob.你把事情搞糟了。hashsthupBobreallyhashedupthatexamandfailedthecourse.鲍勃把那次考试搞得很糟，那门课程没考及格。messsthupThecathasmessedupmyballofwool.猫把我的绒线球弄得一团糟。fucksthupThingscaneasilybefuckedupbytwitslikeyoutakingahand.有你这样的笨蛋插手，事情很容易搞糟。makeamuckofsth〈口语〉Hehasmadeamuckofthings.他事情搞得一团糟。♦♦♦搞科研doscientificresearchmakescientificresearchpursuescientificresearchconductscientificresearchcarryoutscientificresearch♦♦♦搞清楚某事127,have/getaclearunderstandingofsthYoumustgetaclearunderstandingofthatquestion.你必须把那个问题搞清楚。have/gainaclearideaofsthIhavenowaclearideaofherattitude.我现在弄清楚了她的态度。makeheadortailofsthIcan'tmakeheadortailofthething.那件事我弄不清楚。makeclearsthYou'dbettermakeclearhisarrangement.你最好把他的安排搞清楚。getsthstraightGetthisstraight——I’mnotgoinghome.把这点弄明白，我是不回家的。understandsthfullyHeunderstandsmyaddressfully.他清楚我的地址。getsthright彻底搞清楚Nowlet'sgetthisrightbeforewepassontothenextpoint.我们在讨论下一点之前，先把这一点彻底搞清楚。getwisetosthShefinallygotwisetohisduplicity.她终于弄清楚他欺骗行为的真相。♦♦♦搞阴谋诡计goinforintriguesandconspiracygoinforintriguesandplotsgoinforschemesandintriguesengageinintriguesandconspiracybeengagedinintriguesandmaneuverstrytricksandplots♦♦♦告别某人takeone'sleaveofsbShetookherleaveofme.她向我告别。saygood-bytosbIhavecometosaygood-byetoyou.我向你们告别来了。saysbgood-byHavingsaidmyparentsgood-byIwenttoChengdu.告别父母亲后我去成都了。tell/bidsbgood-byAftertellingmyfriendsgood-byIwentabroad.我告别朋友后就出国了。say/bidsbfarewell(后者指暂时分别)Hebadehisfamilyafondfarewell.他恋恋不舍向家里人告别。127,bid/sayfarewelltosbHesaidfarewelltomebeforeleaving.他在离开之前向我告别。wishsbgood-byShewishedmegood-bythismorning.今日上午她向我告别了。takeleaveofsbtakeanaffectionateleaveofsb向某人热情告别makeone'sfarewellofsbtakeapassionateleaveofsbbidsbadieutakeformalleaveofsb向某人正式告别bidadieutosbwavesbfarewell/good-by挥手向某人告别weepsbgood-by哭别某人shakesbgood-by握手告别kisssbgood-by吻别某人embracesbgood-by拥抱告别某人payone'slastrespecttothedeceased告别遗体♦♦♦告发某人informagainstsbThesmugglerwasfinallyobligedtoin-formagainsthisboss.那个走私犯最后不得不告发他的头目。lodge/bringanaccusationagainstsbThemanagerlodgedanaccusationoftheftagainsttheshopassistant.经理告发店员盗窃。informon/uponsbThatthiefinformedonhisaccomplices.那个小偷告发了他的同伙。makeachargeonsbTheymadeafalsechargeagainstme.他们诬告了我。take/startproceedingsagainstsbImeanttotakeproceedingsagainsthimforslander.我本想告他诽谤我。havesbupThemanwashadupforstealing.那个被告犯有偷窃罪。havethelawon/ofsbIfyouarefoundconcoctingrumoursagainnexttime,we’llhavethelawonyou.如果下次再发现你造谣，我们就控告你。blowthegaffonsb〈口语〉putthefingeronsb〈俚语〉crosssbupfinkonsb〈美国俚语〉blowuponsbbringacomplaintagainstsb127,lay/lodge(an)informationagainstsbturnsbinturninformeronsbratonsbimpeachsbofsth♦♦♦告诫某人做某事warnsbtodosthShewarnedmetodriveslow.他告诫我车开慢点。cautionsbtodosthThepolicemancautionedustokeeptotheright.警察告诫我们沿右边走。admonishsbtodosthThedoctoradmonishedthepatienttogiveupsmoking.医生告诫病人戒烟。exhortsbtodosthWeareexhortedtoheightenourvigilance.告诫我们要提高警惕。cautionsbagainst告诫某人要谨防Icautionedheragainstthepickpocket.我告诫她谨防扒手。warnsbagainst告诫某人不要Shewarnedmeagainstwine.她告诫我不要喝酒。admonishsbagainst告诫某人不要Myparentsadmonishedmeagainstarrogance.父母告诫我们不要骄傲。giveacautiontosbagainst告诫某人不要Thewardengaveacautiontotheprisonersagainstapproachingthewall.看守长告诫在押人员不要靠近墙。issueawarningagainstHealthauthoritieshaveissuedawarningagainstinfluenza.卫生当局告诫人们预防流感。warnsbofsthHewaswarnedofdanger.告诫他有危险。♦♦♦告某人的状/起诉某人gotolawagainstsbIwillgotolawagainsthim.我要向法院告他。bringalawsuitagainstsb(oversth)ShebroughtalawsuitagainstMr.Smith.她告了史密斯先生的状。bringasuitagainstHebroughtasuitinthelocalcourtagainsthisemployer.他在地方法院告了他雇主一状。suesbfor起诉要求Shesuedherhusbandfordivorce.127,她起诉丈夫，要求离婚。indictsbfor因…起诉Hewasindictedforbigamy.他因重婚被告。bringinanindictmentagainstsblaytheindictmentatthedoorofsbinstituteasuitagainstsbbeunderindictmentfileasuitimpeachsb(ofsth)♦♦♦把某事告诉某人tellsbsthIforgottotellhimmyname.我忘了把自己的名字告诉他。acquaintsbwithsthHeacquaintedmewiththefacts.他把事实真相告诉了我。advisesbofsthHeadvisedmeofherwhereabouts.他把他的下落告诉了我。impartsthtosbIhavenothingimportanttoimparttoyou.我没有什么重要事情可告诉你。notifysbofsthInotifiedherofmynewaddress.我把我的新地址通知了她。apprisesbofsthHeapprisedmeofthecomingofavisitor.他通知我有客人来访。informsbofstbWeshallinformyouofthedateofthedelegation’sarrival.我们会将代表团到达的日期通知你们。putsbuptosthtellsbofsthputsbwisetosthmakesbacquaintedwithsthletsbknowsth♦♦♦各种allkindsof(指属同种类的东西)Thereareallkindsofanimalsinthiszoo.这个动物园有各种各样的动物。allsortsof(指大体相似的东西)Electricfansofallsortsareondisplay.陈列着各种各样的电风扇。Allsortsofpeoplewerepresent.各阶层的人都出席了。127,alldescriptionsofTherearealldescriptionsofgoodsinthedepartmentstore.这家百货商店有各种各样的的商品。allmannerofAllmannerofpeoplearehere.这儿有各式各样的人。avarietyofHeturneddownmyproposalforavarietyofreasons.他以种种理由拒绝我的建议。variouskindsofvarietiesofofallkindsofalldescriptionsofeverydescription♦♦♦根据…做某事dosthaccordingtoAccordingtothereport,heisalive.根据报告，他还活着。dosthinaccordancewith(根据习惯、规章、规则、指示、时间表等)Themanwaspunishedinaccordancewiththelaw.那个人依法惩处了。dosthinlinewithWeshallgiveyoujobsinlinewiththeneedsofourfactory.我们将根据我们厂的需要给你们分配工作。dosthinthelightof.Weformulateandimplementcorrectpoliciesinthelightofourspecificcircumstances.我们根据具体情况制定和执行正确的政策。dosthonthebasisofWededucedthisformulaonthebasisofmanyexperiments.我们是根据多次试验的结果导出这个公式的。dosthaccordingas(接从句)Theymoveintothenextclass,accordingastheypassorfailtheexamination.根据他们能否通过考试来决定他们是否进入下一个班级。♦♦♦跟某人学某种东西studysthwithsblearnsthfromsbstudysthfromsblearnsthwithsbstudysthundersblearnsthundersbtakelessonsinsthfromsbhavelessonsinsthfromsb♦♦♦跟上127,keeppacewithWeshallbeabletokeeppacewiththedevelopedcountriesinscienceandtechnology.我们将能够在科学技术方面跟上发达国家。catchupwithIfwespeedup,we’llcatchupwiththem.如果我们加点油，很快就会赶上他们。keepabreastofWemustkeepabreastofthetimes.我们必须跟上时代。keepupwithHecannotkeepupwithhisclass.他跟不上班上的同学。followsbYouwalktoofast.Ican'tfollowyou.你走得太快了，我跟不上你。♦♦♦跟踪某人followsb'stracksHefollowedhertrackslastyear.他去年跟踪她。tailaftersbHehasbeentailedafter.他被跟踪了。followthetracesofsbWiththehelpofadog,thepolicefollowedthetracesoftherobber.警察借助于警犬去跟踪强盗。tail/tracesbAplainclothespolicemantailedasuspiciouspersonfortwodays.一个便衣警察两天来在跟踪一个可疑的人。dogsb'ssteps/footstepsThepolicedoggedhisstepsforawholemonth.警察跟踪他跟了整整一个月。havesbinthewindfollowthetrailofsbbehotonthetrailofsb紧紧跟踪某人setaspyonsb派特务跟踪某人♦♦♦耕地ploughthefieldtillthefieldworkthefieldplow/tillthelandfurrowsoil♦♦♦更不用说/不消说letalone(随前句的意思而定)SheknowsLatinandGreek,letaloneEnglish.她懂拉丁文和希腊文，英文更不用说了。127,Beforeliberationwecouldn'tsendourchildrentomiddleschool,letalonecollege.解放前我们的孩子连中学都上不起，更不用说上大学读书了。nottospeakofWedefydeath,nottospeakofhardshipsanddifficulties.我们死都不怕,更不用说怕艰难困苦了。Hecouldn'thaveadecentmeal,nottospeakofgoingtoschool.他连顿饭都吃不上，更不用说上学读书了。nottomentionShecouldn'tevenswimacrossasmallstream,nottomentionariverasbroadasthis.她连一条小河都游不过去，更不用说这么宽的大河了。tosaynothingofThissentenceisveryawkward,tosaynothingofitsbeingobscure.这个句子很别扭，更不用说它的语义晦涩了。Hecouldn'taffordtheordinarycom-fortsoflife,tosaynothingofluxuries.他连普通生活都维护不了，更不用说奢侈品了。much/stillless(用在否定句中)Iknownothingabouthereducation,muchlessaboutherability.我连她的学习情况都不了解，更不用说她的能力了。Tomdoesn'tlikemusic,stilllessdancing.汤姆不喜欢音乐，更不用说跳舞了。much/stillmore(用于肯定句中,其前有逗号)HecanspeakChinese,stillmoreJapanese.他会讲汉语，日语更不用说了。♦♦♦公布某事promulate/annouce/proclaimsthManydecreeshavebeenpromulated.已公布许多法令。Wehaveannouncedhiscrimes.我们已公布他的罪行。Thegovernmenthasproclaimedanewlaw.政府已公布一部新法令。publish/issuesthHepublishedanamelistthismorning.今日上午他公布了名单。makepublicsthHemadepublicalistofwarcriminals.他公布了战争罪犯的名单。givepublicitytosthTheywillgivepublicitytothefact.他们将事实真相公之于世。liftthecurtainon/oversthThecommissionisscheduledtoliftthecurtainonitsfindingsnextmonth.委员会定于下月公布调查结果。makeknownsthraisethecurtainon/oversthgivesthforthgivesthout127,placetherealfactbeforetheworld向世人公布事实真相publishthefacttotheworld向全世界公布这一真相♦♦♦把某事公开makesthpublicmakesthknowntothepublicletthepublicknowsthcomeoutintotheopen(某事作主语)bringsthoutintheopenbeinthdopen(某事作主语)♦♦♦对某人公平befairtosbTheyaren'tquitefairtous.他待我们很不公道。dojusticetosbTodoherjustice,shedidtrytogettheworkdoneontime.说句公道话,她确实是想按时完成那项工作。administerjusticetosb.Ajudgeshouldadministerjusticetoallmenalike.法官对一切人应同样执法。playfairwithsbHeisahard-nosedman,butyoucanbesurethathe'llplayfairwithyou.他虽是个顽固的人，但你放心他一定会公平对待你的。givesbhisdueThoughyoumaynotlikehim,youmustgivehimhisdue.仅管你不喜欢他,但你必须对他要公平。treatsbwithjusticeIt'snoteasytotreatpeoplewithjustice.待人要做到公平是一件不容易的事情。bejusttosbdobysbwithjusticebeimpartialtosbtreatsbfairlydowithsbfairlydosbright♦♦♦攻击某人attack/assaultsbHeattackedusinhisopenletter.他在公开信中对我们进行攻击。fallupon/onsbTheoppositionspeakerfellvehementlyonthegovernment.反对党的演说者对政府进行了猛烈的攻击。hitatsbHehithardattheCongress.他猛烈地抨击国会。goforsb127,Thepoliticalspeakerwentfortheoppositepartyinthelatterpartofhisspeech.那位发言人在发言的后半部分向反对党猛烈开火。ripintosbHerippedintothegovernmentinanewspaper.他在一家报上攻击政府。goatsbsockittosb〈俚语〉hammeratsblightintosbmakeanattackonsbsetaboutsbmakeatiltatsbtiltatsbhaveatiltatsbhaveone'sknifeintosbgetone'sknifeintosbdrawaheadonsb♦♦♦供给某人某物supplysthtosbThereservoirsupplieswatertothecity.这个水库向该市供水。supplysbwithsthTheUnitedStatessuppliedtheexpansionistswithammunition.美国向扩张主义分子供应弹药。providesbwithsthHisfirmprovidesmewithacar.他的公司供给我一辆汽车。providesthforsbHeprovidesfoodforus.他供应我们的食物。furnishsbwithsthThatschooldoesn'tfurnishstudentswithbooks.那所学校不供给学生书籍。furnishsthtosbTheplantfurnishedelectricpowertothesurroundingtowns.这个电厂向周围市镇供电。servesbwithsthThatdairyservesyouwithmilk.那个牛奶场供应你们牛奶。setupsbwithsthAllthepupilsarenowsetupwithnecessarytextbook.所有的小学生现在都可以得到所需要的课本。accommodatesbwithsthThisbankaccommodatedmewithaloan.这家银行向我提供了一笔贷款。findsbinsth(指伙食、费用等)Shepaysforherboardandlodging,butherfatherfindsherinclothes.127,她自己负责膳宿而她父亲供给她服装。♦♦♦把…贡献给devote…toHedevotedhislifetotherevolution.他把他的一生献给了革命。dedicate…toShededicatedhislifetothecauseofeducation.她把一生献给了教育事业。contribute…towards/toHecontributedhissharetowardsthepacificationoftheworld.他为世界和平贡献自己的一份力量。doone'sbit贡献一份力量InthisplanIwanttodomybit.我愿在这个计划中贡献自己的一份力量。Wearewillingtodoourbitinbuildingsocialism.我们愿意为建设社会主义贡献一份力量。offer…toShouldemergencyarise,offeryourselftothestate.万一发生紧急情况,你要为国献身。doone'spart尽献自己一份力量playone'spart♦♦♦对…作出贡献makeacontributionto/towardChinaoughttomakeagreatercontributiontohumanity.中国应当对人类有较大的贡献。contributetoTheconferencewouldcontributetoeasingthetensionintheworld.这次会议将对缓和世界紧张局势作出贡献。makegreaterachievements取得巨大成绩Hemadegreaterachievementsthroughhardwork.他通过艰苦努力取得巨大成绩。render/doaservicetoHehasrenderedmanyservicestothecauseofeducation.他对教育事业作出了不少贡献。domuchfor/towardsThisscientisthasdonemuchforourcountry.这位科学家对我国作出了很大的贡献。♦♦♦与某人共甘苦sharejoysandsorrowswithsbSheiswillingtosharejoysandsorrowswithme.她愿意与我同甘共苦。sharethejoysandhardshipsofsbWeshouldsharethejoysandhardshipsofthemasses.我们应当与群众同甘共苦。sticktosboverroughandsmooth127,Theytwoweredeterminedtosticktoeachotheroverroughandsmooth.他们俩决心同甘共苦。standallweatherswithsbshareinsb'stroubleaswellashisjoysharejoysandhardshipswithsbtaketheroughandthesmoothtogether♦♦♦共同对付某人standtogetheragainstsbjoinhandstoopposesbopposesbtogetherwageacommonstruggleagainstsbjoinforcestoopposesbmakejointeffortstoopposesb♦♦♦共同努力做某事makejoint/commoneffortstodosthTheymadejointeffortstofulfilthequota.他们共同努力完成定额。Wearemakingcommoneffortstofulfilthisyear’splan.我们正在共同努力完成今年的计划。joinineffortstodosthWemustjoininefforttotransformAsiaintoanareaoflastingpeace.我们一定共同努力把亚洲改变成一个持久和平的地区。pulltogetherforsthAllthesefactoriesarepullingtogetherfortheproductionofthenewequipment.所有这些工厂为生产新设备而共同努力。♦♦♦与某人共命运sharethesamelotwithsbWesharethesamelotwiththeCubanpeople.我们和古巴人民共命运。throwinone'slotwithsbWhenCarlwasoldenoughtovote,hethrewinhislotwiththeDemocrats.卡尔到了有选举年龄时，他投票支持民主党，以示休戚与共。cast(in)one'slotwithsbShefeltthoroughlyboundtohimasawifeandthatherlotwascastwithhis,whateveritmightbe.她觉得作为他的妻子，自己已完全和他结成一体，不管情况怎样，她都要与他共命运。shareacommonfatewithsb♦♦♦与某人共患难同生死gothroughhardshipstogetherwithsbgothroughthickandthintogetherwithsbgothroughthetroubledtimeswithsbgothroughhardshipsandtribulationswithsb127,♦♦♦与某人勾结colludewithsbThereactionaryrulerscolludedwiththeimperialists.反动统治者与帝国主义者相勾结。collaboratewithsbThetraitorcollaboratedwithourenemy.这个叛徒和我们的敌人相勾结。gangupwithsbTheygangedupwithUSimperialismintheirdreamofredividingtheworld.他们勾结美帝国主义，梦想重新瓜分世界。workhandinglovewithsbInsomecountriesitisn'tinfrequentfornarcoticringstoworkhandinglovewiththepolice.在某些国家里，贩毒集团同警察勾结在一起是常有的事。conspirewithsbYouconspiredwiththemtodefeatthebill.你和他们勾结起来破坏了这一法案。intriguewithsbHetriedtointriguewithmyenemyagainstme.他企图和我的敌人勾结起来暗伤我。standinwithsb〈美国口语〉Thepoliticiansstandinwiththesaloonkeepers.那些政客同酒吧老板都是有勾结的。playballwithsbTheyoungmanrefusedtoplayballwithgangsters.这个年轻人拒绝与匪徒勾结。playfootsie/footsywithsbPoliticiansandlabourleadersareplayingfootsiewitheachotherwhilerailservicesgetsteadilyworse.政客们和工会头头们相互勾结而铁路服务事业则每况愈下。teamupwithsbHeteamedupwiththepoliceagainstthestudents.他勾结警察迫害学生。workincollaborationwithsbThetraitorsworkedincollaborationwiththeimperialists.卖国贼与帝国主义者暗中勾结。work/beincollusionwithsbTobeblunt,westronglysuspectthatyouareworkingincollusionwiththosebadeggs.老实说，我非常怀疑你同那些坏蛋有勾结。beinleaguewithsbHemayhavebeeninleaguewiththosethieves.他可能与那些盗窃犯有勾结。beincahootswithsbThepolicewereincahootswithgangsters.警察与歹徒暗中勾结。enterintocollusionwithsb127,behandin/andgolvewithsb♦♦♦勾引某人throwoneselfatsb'shead(勾引男人)Shethrewherselfathisheadbuthewasinterestedinanothergirl.她极力勾引他，可是他却对另一个姑娘感兴趣。takeadvantageofsb(勾引女人)Sheismuchtooniceagirltobetakenadvantageofbyyou.她正派得很,你勾引不了她。playthefoolwithsbHewasplayingthefoolwiththewoman.他在勾引那女人。getone'shooksinto/onsb(勾引男人)Thesecretarywassobusygettingherhooksonthenewmanager.这位女秘书一心忙于勾引新来的经理。tempt/seducesbpandertosbenticesballuresbmakeaplayforsb(百般勾引某人)flingoneselfatsb'shead(勾引男人)maketimewithsb〈美俚语〉♦♦♦苟且偷生seekeaseandcomfortattheexpenseofprincipleThosewhoseekeaseandcomfortattheexpenseofprincipleshouldbedespised.苟且偷生的人应受到鄙视。livejustforthesakeofremainingaliveArevolutionaryshouldliveameaningfullifeandneverlivejustforthesakeofremainingalive.一个革命者应该生活得有意义，决不苟且偷生。livejusttothesakeofremainingalivekeepalivewithoutseriousambitionseektoliveindocilepeacedragoutanignobleexistence♦♦♦苟延残喘ekeoutameagre/bare/miserableexistenceBill'smeagrepayonlyenabledhimandhisfamilytoekeoutamiserableexistence.比尔微薄的工资仅够他和他的家人苟延残喘。lingeroutone'slifeprolongone'sprecariousexistenceprolongone'sfeebleexistenceprolongone'slastgraspmaintainafeebleexistenceekeoutabarelivingbeonone'slastlegsdragoutone'sfeebleexistence127,remainaliveforalittlewhilelingeronwithone'slastbreathoflife♦♦♦对…进行估计makeanassessmentofsthTheymadeacorrectassessmentofthesituation.他们正确地估计了形势。makeanestimateofsthThecommitteemadeanestimateofthepopulation.委员会对人口做了估计。formanestimateofWecanformsomeestimateofthedifficultyoftask.对于这任务的困难性我们能作出一些估计。makeanappraisalofsthWemadeaclearheadedappraisalofthepresentsituation.我们清醒地估计了当前的形势。takethegaugeofsthWetookthegaugeoftheproject.我们对工程的规模进行了估计。maketoomuchofsth估计过高Hemadetoomuchofhisachievements.他对他取得的成绩估计过高。overrate/overestimatesth估计过高Don'toverratehisabilities.别过高估计他的能力。Heoverestimatedthegrossnationalproductofoutcountry.他过高估计了我国的国民生产总值。underrate/underestimatesth估计过低Wemustn'tunderestimateourownpotentials.我们不必低估自己的潜力。♦♦♦估计…为多少estimatesthatIestimatethedamageat1,000,000yuan.我估计那项损失达一百万元。estimatesthtobeHeestimatedthesumtobeover100,000yuan.他估计那笔钱超过十万元。assesssthatThefirm'sannualincomewasassessedat600milliondollars.这家公司年收入估计为六亿美元。Damageswereassessedat20,000yuan.损失估计为两万元。appraisesthatThishouseisappraisedat250,000yuan.这房子估价为25万元。estimatesthasThevalueofthechurchpropertywasestimatedas4,000,000,000francs.教会财产估计值４０亿法郎。127,giveanestimateofsthatThisarticlegaveanestimateoftheautomobileoutputateightmillion.这篇文章估计汽车产量为八百万辆。♦♦♦孤独生活belonelybealonerbealonelyman/womanliveinsolitudelivealonelylifeleadasolitarylifeleadalonelifelivetooneselfploughalonelyfurrowfeellonelinessspendalonelylifeleadasolitarylife♦♦♦辜负某人的期望/信任letsbdownYouletdownthemasses.你辜负群众的信任。Wewillneverletthepeopledown.我们决不辜负人民的期望。betraysb'strustI'llneverbetrayyourtrust.我不辜负你的信任。disappointsb'sexpectations/trustWeshouldn'tdisappointtheexpectationsofourparents.我们不应该辜负我们父母的期望。failtoliveuptosb'sexpectationItwasclearthatthatlazystudentfailedtoliveuptohisparent’sexpectation.很明显那个懒学生辜负了他父母的期望。beunworthyofthetrustHeisunworthyofthetrustweplacedinhim.他辜负了我们对他的信任。fallshortofsb'sexpectationHehasfallenshortofourexpectation.他辜负了我们的期望。notanswertheexpectationofsbHedidn'tanswertheexpectationofhisfriends.他辜负了朋友的期望。♦♦♦鼓吹某事advocatesthHeeloquentlyadvocated,thoughhedidn'tpractise,theprohibitionofalcohol.他夸夸其谈鼓吹禁酒，虽然自己并不实行。preachsth127,Hepreachedthetheoryofhumannature.他鼓吹“人性论”。agitateforsthTheyvigorouslyagitatedforpoliticalreform.他们大肆鼓吹进行政治改革。playsthupHeplayedupthePresident'sroleinsettlingthecrisis.他鼓吹总统在解决这场危机中的作用。openadvocatesofTheyopenadvocatesofmilitarygambles.他们公开鼓吹军事冒险。speakinadvocacyofsthHespokeinadvocacyoffreeenterprise.他鼓吹自由企业制。♦♦♦鼓励某人encourage/inspiresbgivesbapatonthebackprompt/stimulatesbgivesbencouragementpatsbonthebackoffersbencouragementslapsbonthebackpullforsb♦♦♦鼓励某人做某事encouragesbtodosthTheprospectofprosperityencouragedthefinancierstomakeinvestments.繁荣的前景鼓励了金融家投资。inspiresbtodosthHeinspiredhischildtostudyhard.他鼓励孩子努力学习。stimulatesbtodosthHestimulatesustostriveforgreatersuccess.他鼓励我们争取更大的胜利。spursbontodosthHislastwordsspurredusontofreeourwholeland.他的临终遗言激励我们为解放全国而奋斗。urgesbtodosthHiswordsurgemetomarchforward.他的话激励我向前进。Heurgedmetostudyaforeignlanguagewell.他鼓励我学好外语。promptsbtodosthWhathesaidpromptedmetoovercomeallthedifficulties.他的话激励我战胜一切困难。inspiritsbtodosthHetriedhisbesttoinspiritmetocarrymyresearchthrough.127,他尽最大努力地鼓励我把科研进行到底。incitesbtodosthemboldensbtodosth♦♦♦鼓起勇气pluckup(one's)courage/heartHepluckeduphiscourageandtoldthetruth.他鼓起了勇气说了实话。Inspiteoffailure,hepluckeduphearttocontinue.尽管失败了,他鼓起了勇气干下去。pluck/summonupspiritsTomcouldn'tpluckupenoughspiritstoaskhertomarryhim.他鼓不起勇气去向她求婚。summon/screwupone'scourageHesummoneduphiscourageandsteppedintothelimelight.他鼓起了勇气,走到舞台灯光下。takeheart(ofgrace)Despitemanydifficultiesontheway,shetookheartandfulfilledthetaskaheadoftime.尽管途中遇到了许多困难，但他鼓起了勇气，提前完成了任务。musterupcourageHemusteredupcouragetoclimbthecliff.他鼓起了勇气攀登那座峭壁。getupone'scouragegetupthenervekeepupone'scouragecallupone'scouragepickupone'scourage♦♦♦鼓舞某人inspire/invigoratesb.ThesuccessoftheChineserevolutionhasinspiredthepeopleofthecolonialandsemi-colonialcountries.中国革命的成功鼓舞了殖民地的和半殖民地的国家工人民。animate/stimulatesb.Thenewsanimatedtheworkerstogreaterefforts.这消息鼓舞了工人们,使他们更加努力工作。putnew/freshheartintosbIthinkSirKeithwillhaveputfreshheartintomillionsofpeoplewiththisspeech.我想基思爵士的这篇演说一定已经鼓舞了成千上万的人。heartensbHewasheartenedbyherkindness.她的深情厚意鼓舞了他。carrysbalongHewascarriedalongbytheenthusiasmofhissupporters.他被支持者的热情所鼓舞。♦♦♦给某人鼓掌127,applaudsbTheaudiencewarmlyapplaudedtheperformers.观众向演员们热烈鼓掌。clapsbTheaudienceclappedtheviolinistheartily.观众向小提琴家热烈鼓掌。givesbaclapTheaudiencegavehimaclap.听众向他鼓掌。givesbabighandgivesbanovation♦♦♦鼓足干劲goalloutsummonupone'senergydoone'sutmostexerttheutmosteffortsputforthone'senergy♦♦♦故意做某事dosthonpurposeIdidn'tsteponyourtoeonpurpose.我不是故意踩你的脚。dosthbydesignIdon'tknowwhetherhediditbyaccidentorbydesign.我不知道他这样干是偶然的还是故意的。dosthbyintentionHedidsuchathingbyintention.他是故意干这种事情。dosthofsetpurposeHeleveledinsultsatmeofsetpurpose.他故意对我进行侮辱。Theinsultwasmadeofsetpurpose.这是故意侮辱人。dosthwithoutexcuseThosewhoareabsentwithoutexcusewillhavetoaccountforit.无故缺席者必须解释清楚。dosthofintentItwasnotjustanaccident,hediditofintent.这不是一个简单的意外事故，他是有意这样干的。Heinsultedherofintent.他有意侮辱她。dosthwithintent/intentionThethiefbrokeintothehousewithin-tenttosteal.小偷有意破门而入进行偷盗。purposely/deliberately/studiouslydosthHedeliberatelymadethingsdifficultforme.他故意刁难我。127,Itlooksasiftheweatherwaspurposelymakingtroubleforus.天气好像故意给我们作对似的。gooutofone's/thewayHewentoutofhiswaytoberudetome.他故意对我很粗鲁。♦♦♦顾全大局bemindfulofthewholesituationpayattentiontotheinterestofthewholebearthewholesituationinmindconsidertheoverallsituationconsiderthesituationasawholeconsidertheinterestsasawholetaketheinterestofthewholeintoaccounttakethesituationintoconsiderationasawholetakethewholesituationintoconsiderationtaketheinterestofthewholeintolargeaccount♦♦♦固执己见abidebyone'sopinionclingtoone'sownviewadheretoone'sopinionstickstubbornlytoone'sownopinionholdtoone'sopinionpersistinone'sviewsstubborniypersistinone'sopinionhaveawillofone'sown♦♦♦雇用某人employsbThisfirmemployedsixtypeoplelastyear.这家公司去年雇用了六十人。engagesbHeengagedaclerkyesterday.昨天他雇用了一个办事员。appointsbWe'regoingtoappointanewhistoryteacher.我们打算聘请一位新的历史教师。hiresb(英国人不用于长期雇用)Hehiredamantomowthelawn.他雇人割草。takeonsbTheownerofthehoteltookonanotherthreeblacks.这家旅馆的老板雇了三名黑人。takesbinto(one's)serviceHeisgoingtotakeJohnintohisservice.他打算雇用约翰。entertheemployofsb(被某人雇用)127,Heenteredtheemployofthecompanytwoyears.两年前公司雇用了他。beinsb'semploy(为某人所雇用)HeisinMr.Smith'semploy.史密斯先生雇用他。beinsb'shire(受雇于某人)HeisinJohn'shire.他在约翰处工作。takesbintoemploymentHehastakenalargenumberofmenintoemployment.他已雇用了很多人。♦♦♦雇用某人做某事/当…人engagesbtodosthSheengagedtwoworkerstopaintherhouse.她雇用了两个工人漆房子。hiresbtodosthHeisgoingtohireamantocleanthehouse.他打算雇用一个人打扫家里的清洁。hiresbforsthHehiredfivemorehandsforthericeharvest.他多雇五人割稻子。engagesbasThedelegationengagedherasitsinterpreter.代表团聘她当翻译。employsbasHeemployedherasatypist.他雇他当打字员。hireoneselfoutas被雇用Shehiredherselfoutasamaid.她被雇用为女仆。♦♦♦拐弯抹角beataboutthebushGettothepoint.Don'tbeataboutthebush.说话不要拐弯抹角。直说吧。talkinaroundaboutwaygobeatingaboutthebushspeakindirectlygobeatingaroundthebushtalkaboutthingswithoutgivingaclearanswer♦♦♦对某人刮目相待haveacompletelynewappraisalofsbholdsbinhigh/greatesteemlookatsbwithneweyesregardsbwithspecialesteemplace/set/putahighvalueonsb127,holdsbinhighregardlookatsbwithquitedifferenteyes♦♦♦挂羊头卖狗肉sellhorsemeatasbeefsteakselldog’smeatunderasignboardofsheep'sheadselldog'smeatbyhangingupsheep'sheadsellthedog’smeatunderthelabelofthesheep'sheadcarryhighsoundingbutmisleadingnamessellapiginapokecryupwineandsellvinegar♦♦♦关门窗closethedoor/windowPleaseclosethedoorbehindyou.请随手关门。shutthedoor/windowWhydidn'tyoushutthewindowsbeforegoingtobed？你为什么在睡觉前不关窗户？bang/slam/slapthedoor砰地一声关上门Shewasveryangryandbangedthedoor.她很生气，砰地一声把门关上了。clap/bang/slamthedoorto砰地一声关上门Thewindbangedthedoorto.风把门砰地一声关上了。shutupthewindowshutadoorto关紧门putadoorto〈方言〉shutupthehouse关闭门窗shutdownthewindow/door♦♦♦关上收音机等turnoff（关上电视、收音机、电灯、煤气、自来水等)Shetoldhimtoturnoffthetelevisionanddohishomework.她叫他关上电视去做作业。switchoff(关上电灯、收音机等)IforgottoswitchoffthelightwhenIlefttheroom.我出房间时忘了关灯。putoff（关上收音机、煤气、水龙头等）Weforgottoputoffthewirelessbeforewewentout.我们外出前忘了关收音机。turnout(关电灯、煤气、自来水等)Youshouldturnoutthelightbeforeyouleave.你走前必须关灯。shutoffShutofftheradio.把收音机关了。putout(指熄灭灯)127,Besuretoputoutthelightbeforeyougotobed.上床前务必熄灯。♦♦♦关闭工厂closedown(关闭工厂、企业等)Thefactorywascloseddownbecauseofalackofmaterial.那家厂由于原料缺乏而关闭。shutdownTheautomobileplantwasshutdownfortwomonthsasaresultofthestrike.那家汽车工厂由于罢工关闭了两个月。stopproductionThefactorystoppedproductionlastmonth.那个工厂上月停产了。♦♦♦关闭商店closedownone'sbusinessclosedownshopsstopbusinessgooutofbusinessceasebusinessshutdownshops♦♦♦关怀showlovingcareforTheyshowlovingcarefortheirchildren.他们对孩子很关怀。showconcernforWe'llshowconcernforthegrowthoftheyoungergeneration.我们要关怀青年一代的成长。careforHecaresalotforhisstudents.他很关怀学生。beconcernedfor/withHeisconcernedforyourlivelihood.他关怀你们的生活。showsolicitudeforHeshowedsolicitudeforyourmarriage.他很关怀你的婚姻。show(one's)considerationforShewrotealettertoshowherconsid-erationforhishealth.她写信表示关怀他的健康。takesbtoone'sbosomShetookmetoherbosom.她对我关怀备至，体贴入微。thinktheworldofHemaygetangrysometimes,buthereallythinkstheworldofyou.有时他可能发怒，但他确实对你是关怀备至的。127,♦♦♦对某人关怀备至takesbtoone'sbosombedeeplyconcernedwithsbshowsbwithsolicitudeshowsbeveryconsiderationshoweveryconsiderationforsbshoweveryconcernforsbshowsbtheutmostsolicitudetakethebestcareofsbgivesbmeticulouscare♦♦♦与某人关系好beongoodtermswithsbbeonspeakingtermswithsbbeonfriendlytermswithsbkeeptermswithsbbe/getonintimatetermswithsbhavegoodrelationswithsbformagoodrelationshipwithsb♦♦♦与…有关系havesomethingtodowithHehassomethingtodowiththeMinistryofAgriculture.他与农业部有些关系。relatetoAllthesequestionsrelatetophilosophy.所有这些问题都与哲学有关。haveconnectionwithHehasnoconnectionwiththatcorporation.他和那个公司没有关系。haveabearingon/uponThepointyouareraisinghavesomebearingonthecasenowbeingfried.你提出的几点，与正在审理的案件有些关联。bearon/uponHowdoesthisbearupontheproblem?这与那个问题有何关系？correlatewithHerresearchresultscorrelatewithhis.她研究的成果与他研究成果有相互的关系。♦♦♦关心beconcernedwith/for/aboutWeshouldbeconcernedwiththegrowthofthenextgeneration.我们应关心下一代的成长。Wearegreatlyconcernedaboutthewealandwoeofthepeople.他们很关心人民的疾苦。showsolicitudefor127,Thehostshowedsolicitudeforourconvenience.主人很关心我们一切是否方便。besolicitousforHisparentsaresolicitousforhismarriage.他的父母关心他的婚事。carefor/aboutMonathinksonlyofherself;shedoesn'tcareaboutotherpeople.莫娜只想到自己，从不关心其他人。bethoughtfulaboutThisteacherisverythoughtfulabouthisstudents.这位老师非常关心他的学生。concernoneselfwithCollegestudentsconcernthemselveswithstateaffairs.大学生要关心国家大事。Theyoungpeoplewillconcernthemselveswiththefutureofourcountry.年轻人要关心我们国家的前途。showconcern/considerationforParentsshowconcernfortheirchildren.父母关心孩子。Hedoesn'tshowconcernforthewell-beingofthemasses.他根本不关心群众的痛痒。have…atheartIhavehiswelfareatheart.我关心他的幸福。take…toone’sheartWealltakehisfuturetoourhearts.我们都关心他的前途。makethemostofshowthoughtforhave(a)concernformakeoverthinkofbeinterestedinhaveregardforsurround…withloveandcareberegardfulofpayattentionto♦♦♦关于某事concerning/regarding/respectingsthIhavenomoretosayconcerningthequestion.关于这个问题我没有更多的话要说。Sheknewnothingregardingthatcase.关于那件事她一无所矫。in/withreference/regardtosthHerefusedtospeakmoreinregardtothatdelicatequestion.他不肯多谈那个微妙的问题。Ihavenothingtosaywithreferencetothissubject.127,关于这个问题,我没有什么话可说。in/withrelation/respecttosthAlong-termplanisbeingdrawnupwithrelationtothedevelopmentoftheborderregions.关于边境地区的开发正在拟订一项长远规划。Ihavegoodnewsinrespecttoyourpromotion.我们有关于晋升的好消息。asconcerns/regards/touchingsthYouneedn'tworryasregardsthecostoftheoperation.关于手术费你不必担忧。Asconcernstheproblemofhousing,Ithinkwecanentirelyrelyonourselvesforasolution.关于住房问题，我认为我们完全可以依靠自己的力量解决。inconnectionwithsthTellmeallyouknowinconnectionwiththatmatter.请你把你所知道的关于那件事的一切情况告诉我。inthematterofsthonthesubjectofsthaproposeofsthastosthasforsthrelating/relativetosth♦♦♦关注某事followsthwithinterestWefollowwithinterestthedevelopmentofthesituationinthisarea.我们对这个地区的情况十分关注。payclose/specialattentiontosthWearepayingspecialattentiontowhat'sgoingonthere.我们特别关注那儿正在发生的事情。showdeep/greatconcernforshowsolicitudeforwatch…withinterest♦♦♦观察形势observethesituationreviewthesituationexaminethesituationmakeasurveyofthesituation♦♦♦管理某部门manage/runsthHemanagedthehotellastyear.去年他管理这家旅馆。Sherunsasteelworksemployingseventythousandworkers.她管理有七万人的钢厂。administer/supervisesthHeadministersforeignaffairs.他管外交事务。127,beundertheadministrationof由…管理Thisofficeisundertheadministrationoftheforeignministry.这个办事处由外交部管辖。havechargeofsthHehaschargeofthedepartment.他负责这个部门。beinchargeofsthHeisincompletechargeofthedepartmentwhenthemanagerwasonholiday.经理度假时，他完全负责这个部门。exercisethemanagementofsthbeunderthemanagementof由…管理beunderforeignmanagement出外国人管理♦♦♦贯彻某种东西carryout/throughsthHecarriedouttheplanineverydetail.他一丝不苟地执行那项计划。putsthintoeffectIt'sveryimportanttoputintoeffectthecommittee'sdecisions.贯彻委员会的决议很重要。implement/followsthWe'llimplementtheParty'sbasicline.我们要贯彻党的基本路线。Agoodcadrefollowsthemassline.好干部贯彻群众路线。bringsthintoeffectThecommittee’sdecisionsmustbebroughtintoeffect.必须贯彻委员会的决议。♦♦♦向某人灌输某种东西instillsthintosb'smindIt'snecessarytoinstillloftyidealsintothemindsoftheyoungpeople.向年轻人灌输崇高理想是很必要的。inculcatesthin/intosbItriedmybesttoinculcatehighidealinmystudents.我尽力向学生反复灌输高尚的理想。imbuesbwithsthWe'llimbueyoungmenwithsocialistideals.我们要向年轻人灌输社会主义思想。indoctrinatesbwithsthTheytriedtoindoctrinatethepublicwithfascism.他们企图向大众灌输法西斯主义。infusesbwithsthIt'seasytoinfusethenaiveyoungpeoplewithanything.向天真的年轻人灌输任何东西都是容易的。hammersthintosb'sheadTheytriedtohammerobsoleteideasintotheyoungpeople'sheads.他们竭力把陈旧的思想灌输给青年人。127,drumsthintosb'shead/sb'sear/sbbeatsthintosb'sheadinfusesthintosb/sb'smindputsthintosb'sheadramsthdownsb'sthroatcram/thruststhdownsb'sthroatknocksthintosb'sheadramsthintosb'sheadengraftsthintosb'smindinoculatesbwithsth♦♦♦光明磊落befrankandforthrightHeisalwaysfrank(andforthright)andforgetshisowninterestintheserviceofthepeople.他一贯光明磊落,公而忘私。beopenandaboveboardOpenandaboveboard,dauntlessandselfless,hestrugglesresolutelyagainsttheenemy.他光明磊落，无私无畏同敌人进行坚决的斗争。beopenandhonourablebeopenandstraightforward♦♦♦光明正大beopenandabove-boardBeopenandabove-board,don’tintrigueandconspire.要光明正大,不要搞阴谋诡计。befairandsquareHeisfairandsquareindoingeverything.他做任何事情都光明正大。bejustandhonourablebefrankandupright/righteousworkinjustwaysbejustandopenbeuprightandpure-minded♦♦♦把某事归功于owesthtoHeowedhissuccessintheexperimenttotheguidanceofhisteacher.他把他的实验成功归功于老师的指导。attributesthto(客观性较多)Hissuccessisattributedtohisassiduity.他的成功归功于勤奋。ascribesthto(主观性成分较重)ThediscoveryofAmericaisusuallyascribedtoColumbus!人们通常把美洲的发现归功于哥伦布。credit/accreditsthtoTheycreditedthisinventiontohim.127,他们把这项发明归功于他。refersthtoThediscoveryofgunpowderisreferredtoChina.火药是中国人发明的。creditsbwithsthIt'snofairplaytocredityourselfwithalltheachievements.你把这一切成就都归功于个人，这不是光明磊落的行为。givesbcreditforsthTheygivethecaptaincreditforsavingtheship.他们把这艘船得救归功于船长。beduetoHisachievementsareduetohisdiligence.他取得一切成绩归功于勤奋。beattributabletoOursuccessisdirectlyattributabletohardwork.我们的成功直接归因于我们的艰苦努力。gotoFullcreditmustgotohim.全部功劳都归他。restwithThecreditrestswithhim.荣誉归于他。♦♦♦把某事归咎于laysthatsb'sdoorDon'tlaythefailureatthedooroftheotherparty.Takeagoodlookatyourself.不要把失败的责任归咎于对方，你自己也要仔细检查一下。laytheblameforsthon(sb)Youcannotlaytheblamefortheaccidentonhim,responsibilityshouldbeevenlysharedbyallofthem.你不能把这次意外事件的责任归咎于他，他们大家都应平摊责任。chargesthtoDon'tchargetheaccidenttoTom.别把那件事故归咎于汤姆。Hechargedthelossofthegametotheteam'sdisobeyinghisorder.他把比赛失败归咎于球队不听他的指挥。chargesthuponsbHechargedthefaultuponTom.他把过失归咎于汤姆。imputesthto(多用于坏事)Heimputedthefailuretohiscarelessness.他把失败的原因归于自己的疏忽。attributesthtoDon'tattributeallyourmistakestoobjectivecause.不要把你的错误都归咎于客观原因。puttheblameofsthon/uponsbThesepoliticiansweretryingtoputtheblameoftheirownevildeedsonherFrank.这些政客们企图把他们的罪恶行为推到她的弗兰克身上。127,blamesbforsthHeblamedtheteacherforhisfailure.他把他的不及格归咎于老师。blamesthon/ontoItisnotmuchuseblamingthefailureofcropsontheweather.把粮食欠收归罪于气候不好，这是没什么用的。refersthtolaytheloadofsthon/uponsetdownsthtolaysthtosb'schargeputdownsthtochalkupsthtopinsthonsb〈口语〉laysthtochargesthatsb’sdoorcasttheloadofsthon/uponlaytheblameofsthon/uponsb♦♦♦在…过程中inthecourseofHelosttwoofhischildreninthecourseofthewar.在战争的过程中,他失去了两个孩子。inprocessofWhiletheroadwasstillinprocessofconstruction,muchdamagewasdonetoitbysubsidenceoftheearthbeneath.公路在修建过程中因地基下沉而造成了巨大损失。inthewayofFailure,success,failureagain,successagain——that’squitenormalinthewayofscientificexperiments.失败,成功,再失败,再成功，这在科学实验的过程中是很正常的。♦♦♦过时了be/gooutofdateThisideahasgoneoutofdate.这种思想过时了。Suchfilmsarenowoutofdate.这类影片现已过时。be/gooutoffashionLongskirtsareoutoffashion.长裙子现在过时了。Someslangwordshavegoneoutoffashion.有些俚语已过时了。be/gooutofstyleSuchshoesareoutofstyle.这种鞋不时髦了。be/gooutofvogueThathatisoutofvogue.那种帽子不时兴了。127,Thistypeofwritinghasgoneofvogue.这种文体不再流行了。gooutFewEnglishmenwearfrockcoatsnow;theywentoutyearsago.现在很少英国人穿大礼服；这种服装多少年前就不流行了。liveoutone'sdayCapitalismhaslivedoutitsday.资本主义过时了。bedated/outdated/outmoded/oldfashionedThedesignofthedressisdated.这种女士服装式样过时了。♦♦♦过问某事botheraboutsthYouneedn'tbotheraboutit.你不必过问这事了。concernoneselfwithsthHeconcernedhimselfwiththecasehimself.他亲自过问此案。takeinterestinsthItookapersonalinterestinthatmatter.我亲自过问了那件事情。pokeone'snoseintosthDon'tpokeyournoseintothatthingthatdoesn'tconcernyou.别过问与你无关的那件事情。haveinterestinsthpushone'snoseintosthputone'snoseintosththrustone'snoseintosthH♦♦♦害怕beafraidofWearenotafraidofhardshipsordeath.我们一不怕苦，二不怕死。bescaredofSheisscaredofthethunder.她怕打雷。fear/dreadHedoesn'tfearthedanger.他不怕那种危险。Aburntchilddreadsthefire.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕草绳。haveafearofShehasafearofsnakes.她怕蛇。haveadreadofAnanimalhasadreadoffire.127,动物怕火。beindreadofCatsareindreadofwater.猫怕水。haveahorrorofShehasahorrorofspiders.她怕蜘蛛。♦♦♦害怕做某事beafraidofdoingsthTheyareafraidofgoingthroughthatwood.他们害怕穿过那片森林。feardoingsthShefearswalkingaloneatnight.她害怕晚上一个人走路。feartodosthWefeartohurtherfeelings.我们怕伤害她的感情。dreaddoingsthShedreadedgoingtoschool.她怕上学。dreadtodosthHedreadstofailtheexamination.他害怕考不及格。bescaredtodosthShewasscaredtorideonthehorse.她怕骑马。haveahorrorofdoingsthHehasahorrorofbeingflattered.她怕别人奉承他。♦♦♦对…有害处beharmfultoExcessivesmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.抽烟过多对身体有害处。doharmtoThisgasdoesgreatharmtoourbodies.这种气体对我们的身体危害很大。do…harmRashnessdidourworkmuchharm.轻率行动对我们工作的害处很大。bebadforSmokingisbadforyou/yourhealth.抽烟对你/你的健康有害。♦♦♦某科好begoodinHeisgoodinEnglish.127,他英语好。beexcellentinSheisexcellentinmathematics.她数学好。excelinHeexcelsinchemistry.他化学好。begreatinbestronginbehotin♦♦♦好比/比成becomparedtoTheyoungarecomparedtothemorningsunateight-nineA.M.青年人好比早晨八九点钟的太阳。Theworldiscomparedtoastage.把人间比作舞台。belikenedtoMan'slifeisoftenlikenedtoseavoyage.人生常比作海上航行。Theheartislikenedtoapump.心脏好比水泵。belikeTherelationshipbetweenthearmyandthepeopleislikethatbetweenfishandwa-ter.军民关系好比鱼和水的关系。AistoBwhat/asCistoDAiristouswhatwateristofish.我们离不开空气好比鱼儿离不开水一样。whatCistoD,thatAistoBWhatbloodvesselistoaman'sbody,thatrailwayistotransportation.铁路对于运输好比血管对于人体一样。♦♦♦对…有好处begoodforMilkisgoodforchildren.牛奶对小孩身体有好处。Smokingisn'tgoodforone'shealth.吸烟对人的健康没有好处。begoodtoFreshairisgoodtohealth.新鲜空气对身体大有好处。dosbgood对某人有好处Thismedicinehasdonemealotofgood.这种药对我非常有好处。beofbenefittoThisbookisofgreatbenefittoevery-one.这本书对每个人都有极大的好处。bebeneficialto127,Sunshineisbeneficialtohealth.阳光对健康有益。servesbthegoodturnofTheinterviewservedMichaelthegoodturnoftakinghisthoughtsoffhimself.这场会谈对迈克尔很有好处，使他不再挂虑自己的事了。♦♦♦对某人有好感bewelldisposedtowardsbThosepeoplearewelldisposedtowardus.那些人对我们抱有好感。warmtosbIwarmedtothenewguestatonce.我一下子对新来的客人有了好感。behighinsb'sfavour深得某人好感Heishighinherfavour.他深得她的好感。haveagoodopiniononsbShehasagoodopiniononhim.她认为他很好。beprepossessedforHeisprepossessedforher.他对她有好感。prepossesssb使某人有好感Iwasquiteprepossessedbyhisappearance.他的外貌使我对他颇有好感。lookonsbwithfavourThetutorlookedonhispupilwithfavour.那位家庭老师对他的学生有好感。haveaprodigiouslikingforsb对某人很有好感Shehasaprodigiouslikingforhim.她对他有极大的好感。♦♦♦好转takeaturnforthebetter(情况、形势等好转）Thepatienthastakenaturnforthebetter.病人的病情已经好转。Thingsaretakingaturnforthebetter.情况正在好转。takeafavourableturnThesituationtookafavourableturn.形势好转。Thenegotiationsnowtookafavourableturn.谈判有良好的转机。beonthemend（病情、事态等好转）Mary'srelationshipwithJoanisonthemend.玛丽和琼恩的关系在好转。Yoursymptomsshowthatyouareonthemend.你的这些症状表明你的病情在好转。127,changeforthebetterHisconditionwillchangeforthebetterintime.他的情况会及时好转的。lookup(商业形势好转)Wehadadifficulttimeatfirst,butatlastthingsarebeginningtolookupwithus.起初我们处境困难，但后来形势开始好转了。♦♦♦号召/呼吁某人做某事callon/uponsbtodosthThegovernmentcalledonthepeopletopractiseeconomy.政府号召人民节约。Theycalledonbothsidestorefrainfromarmedconflicts.他们呼吁双方不要发生武装冲突。appealtosbtodosthThecommissionersappealedtothepeopletosendaidtothevictimsoftheflood.委员会呼吁大家救济水灾难民。make/issueanappealtosbforsthThecommitteemadeanappealtousforsupport.委员会呼吁我们提供支援。appealtosbforsthTheconferenceappealedtoallthememberstatesforstillcloserunityinfightingagainstimperialism,colonialismandhegemonism.大会呼吁全体成员在反帝反殖反霸的斗争中更加紧密地团结起来。♦♦♦耗尽某东西useupsthHehasusedupallhisstrength.他的体力已耗尽。wearoutsthMypatiencewaswornoutatlast.我终于忍无可忍了。exhaust/drainsthNaturalresourceswillbeexhaustedverysoon.自然资源很快就要被耗尽了。drainaway{sth}Hisenergywasdrainedawaybyover-work.由于工作过度，他的精力渐渐地耗尽了。Allhiswealthhaddrainedaway.他所有的财富已逐渐耗尽了。runoutofsthThecarranoutofgasthreemilesfromtown.离市镇三英里时，汽车的油就用光了。♦♦♦合得来hititSheandherfatherhaveneverhitit.她同她父亲从来就合不来。127,hititoffIintroducedthemandtheyhititoffstraightaway.我介绍他们相识,他们一见面就合得来。getalongwell/fineJimandJanegetalongfinetogether.吉姆和简非常合得来。getonwithsbShegetsonwellwithhermother.她和她妈很合得来。♦♦♦合某人的胃口betosb'stasteThissoupisquitetomytaste.这汤很合我的口味。betosb'slikingTheteaisnottomyliking.这茶不合我的胃口。agreewithsbThatfishIhadforsupperhasn'ta-greedwithme.晚餐吃的那鱼不合我的胃口。ticklesb'spalateAllthefoodatthedinnerthatnighttickledmypalate.那晚宴会上的所有的菜都合我的胃口。besb'scupofteaOperaisnotmycupoftea.歌剧不合我的口味。beinsb'slineHisjokesarenotinherline.他的笑话不合她的口味。betosb'tappetiteSuchbooksaretohisappetite.这种书合他的胃口。♦♦♦合某人的心意likesthHowdoyoulikethispairofshoes?这双鞋你合意么?betosb'slikingHiswayofdoingthingsisnotatalltomyliking.他办事的方式我根本不喜欢。betosb'staste/appetiteYourproposalwasjusttomytaste.你的建议正合我的意。betosb'smindHefoundlifeinthecountrysideverymuchtohismind.他发现农村生活很合自己的口味。Itdidn'tturnouttotheirmind.这件事的结果不合他们的心意。127,suitsbdowntotheground〈口语,完全适合〉Thisproposalsuitsmedowntotheground.这建议正合我的意。beinsb'slineIsstamp-collectioninyourline?你喜欢集邮吗?besb’cupofteaChemistry,notart,ismycupoftea.我喜欢化学而不是艺术。♦♦♦与某人合作cooperatewithsbTheBritishcooperatedwiththeFrenchindesigningajetliner.英国人和法国人合作设计了一种喷气式客机。collaboratewithsbTheyrefusedtocollaboratewithusforthedevelopmentoftheregion.他们不愿意同我们合作开发这一地区。playballwithsb〈口语〉Theysaidifwewouldplayballwiththem,thisthingcouldbebroughtoffwithgreatsuccess.他们说如果我们与他们合作，这件事就能出色地完成。teamupwithsb〈口语〉VerysoonIfoundsomeotherpeopletoteamupwith,andwebegantowritesongs.不久我找到了另外几个人合作，我们就开始创作歌曲。beincooperationwithsbbeincollaborationwithsbworkwithsbworktogetherwithsbmakecommoncausewithsb(oversth)♦♦♦与某人和解/和好makeupwithsbWhydon'tyoumakeupwithher?你为什么不与她和好呢?makefriendsagainwithsbIhavemadefriendsagainwithhim.我和他言归于好了。effectareconciliationwithsbleffectedreconciliationwithhimlastyear.我去年就与他和解了。bereconciledwithsbThecouplewerereconciledafterabitterquarrel.这对夫妇大吵之后和解了。makeitupwithsbThetwofriendsquarrelled,buttheymakeitupagain.两个朋友吵了嘴,可他们又和好了。makepeacewithsbIshouldmakepeacewiththemifIwereyou.127,如果我是你，我会跟他们和好的。reconcileoneselfwithsbbeongoodtermsagainrestoregoodrelationsbecomereconciledcompromisewithsbmakeone'speacewithsb♦♦♦与某人和睦相处be/liveinamitywithsbliveinharmonywithsbbeatpeacewithsbbeinastateofpeacewithsbbeinharmonywithsbdwellatunitywithsbliveinpeacewithsblivetogetherinunitygetalongwithsb♦♦♦喝醉haveadroptoomuchtakeadroptoomuchbeonadrunkhavealoadon〈俚语〉bedrunk♦♦♦喝得烂醉如泥bedeaddrunkbeasdrunkasalordbeasdrunkasanowlbeasdrunkasapiperbeasdrunkasafishbeasdrunkasasowbeasdrunkasthedevil♦♦♦恨某人hate/detestsbHetoldmetohatethosepeoplebuthehimselflovedthemverymuch.他叫我恨那些人，而他自己却很喜欢他们。havehatredforIhavehatredforhypocrites.我恨伪君子。bear/owesbagrudgeIbearhernogrudge.我并不恨她。Idon'tknowwhymywifeowesmeagrudge.我不知道我的妻子为什么恨我。haveagrudgeagainstsbShesuspectsyoutohaveagrudgeagainsther.她怀疑你对她怀恨在心。127,haveitinforsb〈口语〉BobhasitinforGeorgebecauseGeorgeamination.鲍勃很恨乔治是因为乔治向老师报告了他考试作弊。haveaspiteagainstsbIhavenospiteagainsther.我并不怨恨她。bear/cherisharesentmentagainstsbTheycherishedaresentmentagainstme.他们对我怀恨在心。bearmaliceto/toward/againstsbShebearsnomalicetome.她不恨我。haveanimosityagainst/towardssbWehaveanimosityagainsttheenemy.我们仇恨敌人。harbourenmityagainstsbHeharbouredbitterenmityagainstthetruerevolutionaries.他对真正的革命者怀有深仇大恨。abhor/loathesbhavean/theedgeonsb〈俚语〉haveanabominationforsbholdsbinabhorrencebearsbhatrednurseagrudgeagainstsbbearsbmalicehatesb'sgutsowesbaspiteholdagrudge/grudgesagainstsbnurserancouragainstsbharbouragrudge/grudgesagainstsbfeelrancourtowardssbcarryagrudgeagainstsbbefullofrancouragainstsb♦♦♦对…横行霸道lorditoversbNobignationshouldlorditoversmallones.大国不应对小国称王称霸。lordoversbWe'llnotbelordedover.我们不容许别人在我们的头上作威作福。rideroughshodoversbThelandlordroderoughshodoverthepoorpeasants.地主肆意欺凌贫苦农民。tyrannizeoversbThestrongshouldneverbeallowedtotyrannizeovertheweckatanytime.无论何时都不能让强者欺凌弱者。runamuck/wild127,Badelementsarerunningwild.Sowemuststernlyputthemdown.坏人横行霸道，我们得严厉镇压。playthebully/tyrantactagainstlawandreasonactviolentlydoeviloutrageouslyactlikeanoverlordblusteratone'swillbeontheloosebullysb♦♦♦横征暴敛extorttaxesandleviesTheymadethesefortunesbyusingdietatorialpowerstoextort-taxesandlevies.这些财富是他们利用其独裁政权横征暴敛而来的。levyheavy/exorbitanttaxesonthepeopleextortillegal/excessivetaxesandleviestaxthepeopletotheboneextorttaxesruthlesslytaxthepeopleheavily♦♦♦忽略某事neglect/overlooksthWhilepayingattentiontothemaincontradiction,weshouldn’tneglectthesecondaryones.我们在注意主要矛盾的同时,不可忽视次要矛盾。losesightofsthEveryoneisapttomakemistakesifhelosessightofthefacts.要是忽视事实,人人都会犯错误。slip/slightoversthHeslippedoverthemostimportantpart.他忽略了最主要的部分。paynoregardtosthTheypaidnoregardtopublicopinion.他们忽视公众舆论。take/makenoaccountofsthHemadenoaccountofyoursuggestion.他忽视了你的建议。shutone'seyestosthpassoversthturnadeafeartosthpassbysthtakenonoticeofsth♦♦♦划去/划掉某东西crossout/offsthHecrossedoutalltheneedlesswordsinyourcomposition.他把你作文中一切不必要的字句都划掉了。127,scoreout/offsthIscoredouttheredundantwordsfromthestudent'scompositiontomakeitconciseandclear.我删去了学生作文中的重复词句，使其简明通顺。scratchout/throughsthYournamehasbeenscratchedoutfromthelist.你的名字已从名单上划掉了。strikeout/offsthPleasestrikethatitemout.请将该项划掉。run/linethroughsthShelinedthroughtheentryaftersomeconsideration.经过一些考虑之后,她把这个词条划去了。♦♦♦怀鬼胎haveulteriormotivesbepregnantwithevilschemeshaveanimpuremotivecherishevilschemesdosthwithulteriormotivehaveabadconscience♦♦♦怀旧rememberpasttimesrecollectoldacquaintancesrememberoldacquaintancesrecollectthegoodolddays♦♦♦怀念某人cherishthememoryofsbTheChinesepeoplecherishevenmoreprofoundlythememoryofChairmanMao.中国人民更加深深地怀念毛主席。thinkofsbWethinkofthoseabsentfriendswhoarefaraway.我们怀念远方的朋友。yearnforsbHowheyearnedforherwhenevertheyseparated.每当分离时他多么思念她啊。sightforsbWhenshewasabroad,shesightedforhernativecountry.她在国外时,她十分怀念祖国。longforhaveamindtohaveanostalgiaforbesickfor♦♦♦怀疑某事doubt/suspectsth(前者指不相信,而一定有；而后者指猜想会有)127,Wedon’tdoubtthejustnessofourcause.我们不怀疑自己事业的正义性。Theysuspectedthetruthofthisnewsreport.他们怀疑这篇新闻报道的真实性。doubtofsthTheydoubtedofmycompetence.他们怀疑我的工作能力。havedoubtofsthIhavenodoubtoftheveracityofthereport.我不怀疑报告的真实性。beindoubtaboutsthIamindoubtaboutyourability.我怀疑你的能力。bedoubtful/dubiousofsthIamnotdoubtfulofyoursuccess.我相信你会成功的。bedoubtful/dubiousaboutsthIamverydubiousaboutthisrumour.我对这个流言很怀疑。callsthintoquestion/doubtIcallintoquestiontheaccuracyofthosefigures.我怀疑那些数字的准确性。cast/throwdiscrediton/uponsthThesefactsthrowseriousdiscreditonthisstatement.这些事实使人对该声明产生了严重怀疑。throw/castdoubton/uponsthhaveasuspicionthatbesuspiciousof/aboutsth(怀疑动机、诺言等)bescepticalof/aboutsthexpressdoubtsaboutsthhaveaqueryaboutsthhaveadoubtaboutcastsuspiciononsthgivedoubtsaboutthrowsuspiciononsthbeindoubtaboutsthbeundersuspicion(受到怀疑)haveadistrustwithsb对某人有怀疑feeldistrustfulforsbsuspectsbofsthbedistrustfulofsth♦♦♦怀孕/有喜bewithchildHiswifeisnowwithchild.他妻子怀孕了。bepregnant/impregnatedSheisfourmonthspregnant.127,她怀孕四个月了。Atthattimeshewaspregnantwithhersecondchild.那时她怀着第二个孩子。beinthefamilyway《口语》Iheardthatyourwifeisinthefamilyway.我听说你夫人有喜了。beheavy/greatwithchildSheisheavywithchild.她怀孕了。conceiveachildShehadconceivedachildbeforeshewastransferredhere.在她调来之前她就怀孕了。beinadelicatestateofhealthbeinaninterestingconditionbeinadelicateconditionbeexpectingbeinacertainconditionbewithyoungbeinaparticularconditionbeintrouble未婚怀孕♦♦♦护理某人nursesbShenursesthesickandthewounded.她护理伤病员。tendsbThedoctorsandnursesinthishospitaltendthesickpatiently.这个医院的医生和护士耐心地护理病人。attendtosbSheattendedtothewoundedsoldiersdayandnight.她日夜护理伤员。attendonsbThepatienthasthreenursesattendingonhim.那病人有三个护士看护。careforsbtenduponsblookaftersbtakecareofsbwatchoversbseeaftersb♦♦♦欢送某人giveasend-offtosbHisstudentsgaveawarmsend-offtohim.他的学生热烈欢送他。sendoffsbWewarmlysentoffthegraduatesgoingtowherethecountryneedsthem.我们热烈欢送毕业生到祖国最需要的地方去。seeoffsb127,Theysawoffthoseguestsattheair-port.他们到机场欢送那些客人。givesbasend-offTheygaveusasend-offatthestation.他们到车站欢送我们。♦♦♦欢迎某人bid/makesbwelcomeShemadeuswelcometoherhome.她欢迎我们上她家去。welcomesbto欢迎某人到Welcomeyoutoourcompany.欢迎你到我们公司来。Wewelcomeyouandwouldappreciateyouradvice.欢迎你们光临指导。welcometo欢迎到WelcometoChengdu！欢迎光临成都!give/accordsbawarmwelcome热烈欢迎某人WegavethevisitingAmericanstudentsawarmwelcome.我们热烈欢迎来访的美国学生。meet/greetsb迎接某人Theymetthedistinguishedguestsattheairport.他们到机场欢迎贵宾。givesbagladhand热烈欢迎某人WhenhearrivedinBeijing,hewasgivenagladhandbytheChinesepeople.他抵达北京时，受到中国人民的热烈欢迎。give/accordsbareceptionAtapressconference,thisPremierwasgivenaheartyreception.在记者招待会上,这位总理受到了热烈的欢迎。give/accordsbwelcomegivesbanovationthrowopenone'sdoortosbrenderanovationtosbthrowopenthedoortosbapplaudsbrollouttheredcarpetforsb热烈欢迎♦♦♦缓和紧张局势relaxthetensioneasethetensionreducethetensionrelievethetension♦♦♦缓和矛盾mitigateacontradictionalleviateacontradiction127,♦♦♦用…换取某物exchange…forsthTheyexchangeindustrialproductsforTheyexchangeindustrialproductsforfarmproduce.他们用工业品换取农产品。barter…forsthThecolonistsbarteredcalicowiththenativesforfurs.移民用印花布换取土人的皮毛。give…inexchangeforsthHegavemehiswatchinexchangeformybike.他用照相机换我的自行车。trade…forsthTheytradedmanufacturedgoodsforfursandskins.他们用工业用品换取兽毛兽皮。tradein…fotsth(折价换取)Hetradedinhisoldcarforanewmodel.他用旧汽车折旧补差换了一辆新式汽车。swap…forsthSheswappedforeignstampsforthatbook.她用外国邮票换那本书。♦♦♦唤起爱国心arousepartrioticfeelingstiruppartrioticfeelingexcitepartrioticfeẹlingprovokepartrioticfeelingawakenpartrioticfeeling♦♦♦焕然一新takeonanewlooktakeonanewaspectgetanewlookassumeanentirelynewaspectlookbrand-new♦♦♦灰心loseheartTheyoungmandidn’tloseheartthoughheadmittedhisfailure.这个年轻人虽然承认失败，但不灰心。bediscouraged/dejectedWhendefeated,hewasnotdiscouraged.他被击败时不气馁。bedisheartenedHewasnotdisheartenedbythatfailure.他并没有因那次失败感到灰心丧气。losecourageTherepeatedfailuredidn'tmakehimlosecourage.127,接二连三的失败并没有使他灰心。gointoatailspinHewentintoatailspinaftertheaccident.那次事故之后，他变得灰心丧气。beoutofheartSincehisfailureinthebusiness,hehasbeenoutofheart.他经商失败后,一直心灰意懒。loseone'sgriphaveone'sheartinone'sbootsloseone'sspiritsbeoutofspiritsbeinlowspiritstaketheheartoutofsb♦♦♦恢复某种情况restore/resumesthThetwocountrieshaveagreedtore-storediplomaticrelations.两国同意恢复外交关系。ChinahasresumeddiplomaticrelationswithJapan.中国和日本已恢复邦交。bereinstatedas(指恢复职位)Hehasbeenreinstatedasthepresidentofouruniversity.他已复职,再次担任我们学校的校长。berehabilitated(指复职,恢复名誉等)Hisfatherhasbeenrehabilitated.他父亲已复职。recover/regainsthThiscountryisrecoveringitspoliticalstability.这个国家正在恢复政治稳定。♦♦♦恢复健康restoreone'sillnessHishealthisentirelyrestored.他的健康完全恢复了。recoverfromone'shealthHesoonrecoveredfromhisillness.他很快恢复了健康。berestoredinhealthHeisnowcompletelyrestoredinhealth.他的健康现在已完全恢复。bringsbbacktohealth使某人恢复健康Herstayamongthemountainsbroughtherbacktohealth.她呆在山区,因而恢复了健康。bringsbaround/round使某人恢复健康Hewasquiteill,butgoodnursingbroughthimround.他病得相当严重,但细心护理使他恢复了健康。makerecoveryThatpatienthasmadeaperfectrecovery.那个病人已完全康复。127,recuperateone'shealthMywifehasrecuperatedherhealth.我夫人已恢复健康。renewone'shealthregainone'shealthrecoverone'shealthberestoredtogoodhealth♦♦♦挥霍钱财squanderone'sfortunedissipateone'sfortunemuddleawayone'sfortunerunthroughone'sfortunethrowone'smoneyaway/aboutmakemoneyflybelavishwithone'smoneyspendmoneylikewaterlavish/squanderone'swealth♦♦♦回避某事avoid/evadesthShestudiouslyavoidedansweringhim.他故意回避答复他的问题。Don'tevadethecrucialquestion.不要回避要害问题。dodge/sidestepsthIt'snogooddodgingdifficulties.回避困难没有益处。steerby/paststhWesteeredpastthatquestionskillfullyasitwouldnothavebeenconvenienttoanswerit.我们巧妙地回避了那个问题，因为它实在不便回答。fenceoff/withsthHeneatlyfencedoffthatquestion.他巧妙地回避了那个问题。Hewasdisposedtofencewiththequestion.他想避开这个问题。fendoffsthHetriedtofendoffthatquestionraisedbythenewsman.他试图回避新闻记者提出的那个问题。skirtround/aroundsthHewouldfacetheproblemssquarelyratherthanskirtroundthem.他宁愿正视问题而不愿意回避问题。keepoffsth(回避话题等)You'dbetterkeepoffthatsubjectandtalkaboutsomethingelse.你最好别讲那个问题，讲讲别的吧！putbysthWemayshelvethedifficultiesforawhilebuttheycan'tbeputbyindefinitely.127,我们可以暂时不考虑这些困难，但要永远回避是不可能的。sheeroff/away〈口语〉Thiswasatopicfromwhichhealwayssheeredaway.这是他经常回避的一个话题。shyaway/offfromsthTheboysshiedawayfromourquestion.孩子们以我们的问题避而不答。fightshyofdoingsthHewaswillingtolistenbutfoughtshyofgivingadecisiononthematter.他乐于倾听意见，但避而不对问题作出决定。slideoversthHeslidoverthequestionwithoutanswering.他对这个问题避而不答。passovergetoverturnoffgetroundpass…bygive…amissgive…ashakekeepclearofsheerclearofrunawayfromkeepoutofsb'sway♦♦♦回家gohomecomehomereturnhomebehome♦♦♦回来comebackgobackbebackturnone’sstepsbackreturn♦♦♦回信writeinreplywritebackreplytoaletteransweraletter♦♦♦回忆/回顾某事lookbackon/uponsthLookingbackonmychildhood,Icanvaguelyrememberthatmymotherwouldtellmestoriesofanevening.127,回想起童年,我还依稀记得妈妈常在傍晚给我讲的故事。lookbacktosthIneverlookbacktotheolddayswithregret.我不怀着悔恨的心情回顾过去。recall/recollectsthTheoldmeneducatedtheirchildrenbyrecallingtheirsufferingsintheoldsocietyandthinkingaboutthehappinessinthnew.老人回忆旧社会的苦，思新社会的甜来教育子女。callsthtoremembrance(宾语长放其后)Ioftencalltoremembrancethesceneofmyyouth.我常回忆起我青年时代的情景。call/bringsthtomindIcan'tbringtomindherface.我记不起她的面貌。bringsthtoremembranceIliketobringto'remembrancemyhigh-schooldays,whichwereamongthehappiestofmylife.我喜欢回忆我的中学时代，那是我一生最快乐的日子。thinkbacktosthThepictureremindedmeofthinkingbacktothedaysofmychildhood.那张照片♦♦♦会见某人interviewsbTheindustrialistsinterviewedtheministerofforeigntrade.实业家们会见了外贸部长。give/grantaninterviewtosbThepresidentgaveaninterviewtotheforeignminister.总统会见了外交部长。meetwithsbPremierZhoumetwiththeforeigngueststhismorning.今日上午周总理会见了外国客人。meetsbHemettheforeignfriendsandgaveabanquetintheirhonour.他会见了外国朋友并设宴招待了他们。♦♦♦与某人会谈holdatalkwithsbTalkshavebeenheldattheambassadoriallevel.会谈一直在大使级进行。have/holdaconversationwithsbThekinghadtwoconversationswiththespecialenvoyinoneday.在一天里国王同那位特使进行了两次会谈。enterintonegotiationswithsbTheyenteredintonegotiationswiththeenemyforaceasefire.他们和敌人开始谈判停火。negotiatewithsbabout/oversthThetwodelegationswerenegotiatingovertheboundarydispute.127,两个代表团正在就边境争端进行谈判。haveaconferencewithsbIhadalongconferencewiththerepresentativeofaWestGermanfirm.我们同一家西德公司的代表进行了长时间的商谈。holdanegotiationwithsbWeshallholdatop-levelnegotiationwiththemtomorrow.明天我们与他们举行最高级的会谈。♦♦♦贿赂某人bribesbHebribedthepolicemantolethimgofree.他贿赂那个警察让他逃走。Thesmugglertriedtobribemeintosilence.走私犯企图贿赂我为他保密。giveabribetosbTheembezzlergaveabribetoanofficial.那个贪污犯向一个官员行贿。greasethepalmofsbIt'sacrimetogreasethepalmofofficials.对官员行贿是犯罪的。greasesb'spalmSomepoliticianswillhelpyouifyougreasetheirpalms.有些政客只要你行贿就会帮助你的。oilthehandofsbYoucandonothingherewithoutoilingthehandofofficials.不向官员行贿,这儿什么也干不成。greasesb'shandYouhavetogreasetheofficial'shandifyouwanttogoabroad.你想出国,就必须向当官的行贿。tamperwithsbHetamperedwithhismayorinordertobepromoted.他贿赂市长以便得到提升。getatsb〈俚语〉Oneofthewitnesseshasbeengotat.证人之一受了贿赂。buyoffsbWhenthepolicethreatenedtostopthegamblingbusiness,theownerboughtthemoff.当警察威胁说要禁止睹场生意时，老板用钱贿赂他们。buysbovermakeitworthsb'swhite〈口语〉givesbabribeoffersbabribeofferabribetosboilsb'spalmticklesb'spalmoilsb'shand/fistgreasesb'sfistoilthefistofsb127,greasethehandofsbgreasethefistofsbbuyinfluencewithsb♦♦♦对某事后悔regretsthHeregrettedthehourswastedinthewoodsandfields.他后悔浪费在树木和田野的光阴。expressregretforsthHeexpressedregretforhisfault.他对他的过错表示后悔。beregretfulforsthIamnotregretfulforwhatIhavedone.我对自己的事不后悔。showrepentanceforsthHeshowedrepentanceforhisfollies.他对自己的荒唐行为表示后悔。besorryforsthYou’llbesorryforwhatyouhavesaid.你说这种话会后悔的。expresspenitenceforHeexpressedpenitenceforallhispastaction.他对他过去的所作所为表示后悔。feelregret/remorse/sorryforsthHefeltremorseforhavingstolenthemoney.他后悔偷了钱。Hefeltregretforhavinglosthistemper.他为自己大发雷霆感到懊悔。repent/regretdoingsth(做某事而后悔)Sherepentshavingmademeangry.她后悔惹我生气。Heregretsnothavingacceptedmyadvice.他后悔没听我的劝告。repentof(doing)sthHerepentedofhishastymarriage.他后悔他匆忙结婚。Isoonrepentedofhavingsaidit.我很快就后悔不应该说出这件事情。♦♦♦厚着脸皮做某事havethenervetodosthhavethecheektodosthhavetheconsciencetodosthhavethefacetodosth♦♦♦混日子loungeawayone'stimepotterawayone'stime127,muddlealongdriftalongdriftthroughlife♦♦♦火上加油fuelafireaddfueltothefirepouroilonthefirefeedthefirewithfuelreplenishthefirewithfuelpouroilovertheflamesthrowthefatinthefire♦♦♦获得第一名winfirstplaceget/takeafirstcomeinfirstwinachampionshipheadone'sclass(获得班上第一名)headone'sclass(获得班上第一名)♦♦♦获得财富acquirewealth/riches/fortunesattainwealthobtainwealthprocurewealthacquireafortune♦♦♦获得巨大财富acquireenormouswealthattaintremendouswealthobtainimmensewealthprocurecolossalwealthacquiregreatriches♦♦♦获得一大笔财产acquireanample/bigfortuneobtainahuge/vastfortuneattainapretty/colossalfortuneprocureanenormousfortune♦♦♦获得知识gainknowledgeobtainknowledgeacquireknowledge♦♦♦获得文凭receiveone'sdiploma127,earnone'sdiplomaobtainone'sdiplomagainone'sdiplomawinone'sdiploma♦♦♦获得学位takeone'sdegreeget/receiveone'sdegreeattain/obtain/earnone'sdegreeobtainabachelor'sdegree获学士学位take/attainamaster'sdegree获硕士学位takeadoctor’s/doctoraldegree获博士学位takeadoctor'sdegreeinlaw获法学博士学位getthedegreeofM.A获文学硕士学位obtainaPh.D.获哲学博士学位♦♦♦获奖win/bearaprizegain/takeaprizebear/taketheplamcarryawayaprizecarryoffaprizecarryoffthepalmwinfirstprizefor获…头等奖/一等奖receivethefirstprizeof获一等奖金…♦♦♦获奖学金winascholarshipreceive/gainascholarshipget/obtainascholarshipwinascholarshipto获…学校的奖学金♦♦♦获胜winvictoryWewonvictorythroughprotractedstruggle.经过长期斗争，我们取得了胜利。carrythedayMrWilsoncarriedthedayandwaselected.威尔逊先生获胜当选了。bearthepalmJohnborethepalminthetennischampionshipmatch.约翰在网球锦标赛中获胜。carryoffthepalmHecarriedoffthepalmbysheerperseverance.他全靠不屈不挠的精神获胜。obtain/score(a)victorygainvictoryachievevictory127,carryitsecureasweepingvictory获得彻底胜利gainafull/clear/completevictoryobtainabrilliant/splendidvictory获得辉煌的胜利secureagreatvictory获得伟大胜利winthedaywinthefieldtakethepalmwinthepalmbeatsbdefeatsbfoilsbputsbtotheworsegivesbtheworstofittriumphoversbwinoversb♦♦♦击倒某人downsbknocksbdownstrikesbdownoverthrowsb♦♦♦击中要害strikehomehithomehitthepointstrikeattheroothitoneinone'svitalshaveahitatthenumboftouchsb'stenderspottouchsbtothequickhitthebuil'seye♦♦♦积累财富amassone'swealthgatherone'swealthpileupone'swealthaccumulatewealthbuildupafortuneamass/accumulateafortunepileupafortuneamassrichesheap/pileupriches♦♦♦积累资金accumulatefundsbuildupafund127,amassmoneyaccumulatemoney♦♦♦积累知识accumulateknowledgebuildupknowledgestoreupknowledgegatherknowledge♦♦♦基本上onthewholeThisroomisidealonthewholeexceptthatitissomewhatdamp.这个房间除了有点潮湿外，基本上还是理想的。inthemainWhatshehassaidinthemainconformstofacts.他所讲的基本上符合事实。insubstanceIagreeinsubstancewithyouwhatyousaybutdifferonsomesmallpoints.我基本上同意你讲的，但在某些细节上与你意见不同。byandlargeByandlargethisexperimenthasbeensuccessful.这个实验基本上还是成功的。inprincipleThis,inprinciple,isagoodplan,butweneedtogofurtherintothedetails.这个计划基本上是好的，但在细节方面还得进一步推敲。♦♦♦以…为基础base…on/uponThisbeliefisbaseduponpracticalexperience.这种信念以实际经验为基础。bottomuponUponwhatdohisargumentsbottom?他的论点以什么为基础?buildonWemustdevelopournationaleconomybybuildingonthedevelopmentofagriculture.我们必须在发展农业的基础上发展国民经济。predicate…onHepredicatedhisbehavioronhisfaithinhumanity.他的行为是以他的博爱信念为基础的。ground…on/uponMoralsandethicsmustbegroundedonreligion.道德伦理观必须以宗教信仰为基础。establish…onthebasisof把…建立在…基础上Mytheoryisestablishedonthesolidbasisoffacts.我的理论是以可靠的事实为基础的。♦♦♦饥寒交迫sufferfromcoldandhunger127,sufferhungerandcoldsuffertheterriblehardshipsofhungerandcoldliveinhungerandcoldlive/leadalifeofcoldandhungergocoldandhungrylamentinhungerandcoldbepoverty-strickenbeinpesteringhungerandcold♦♦♦激发某人的雄心壮志stimulatesb'sgreatambitionspursb'sgreatambitionstirsb'sgreatambition♦♦♦激励某人做某事incitesbtodosthHisspeechincitesustodosomething.他的话激励我们采取行动。stimulatesbtodosthHestimulatedustostriveforgreatersuccess.他激励我们争取更大的成绩。stimulatesbtosthHiswordsstimulatedmetogreatefforts.他的话激励我作出更大的努力。inspiresbtodosthHiswordsinspiredustoloveknowledge.他的话激励我热爱知识。inspiresbtosthHisassuranceinspiredustofurtherattempts.他的保证激励我们有勇气更进一步尝试。impelsbtosthPatriotismimpelledhimtogreateffortsforhiscountry'sindustrialization.爱国思想激励他为祖国的工业化更加努力工作。spursbontosthYourcheeringspurredourteamontovictory.你们的打气激励我们队去争取胜利。encouragesbtodosthThegoodnewsencouragedustostudyhard.那好消息激励了我们更加努力学习。put/setspurstosb'ssthThecaptainbegantosetspurstoherresolution.队长开始激励她下决心。♦♦♦及格Hepassedanexaminationinalgebra.他代数及格了。passatestShepassedthistest.127,她这次考试及格了。getapassHegotacomfortablepassinzoology.他毫不费力地通过了动物学考试。getthrough(anexamination)Igotthroughthewritingpapersbutfailedintheoralexamination.我笔试及格了，但口试没及格。Thecandidatesdidn'tallgetthrough.报考者未全部通过。getsbthrough使某人通过考试Theirteachersgotthemthroughwith-outanyfailures.他们的老师使他们都通过了考试，没有一个人不及格。sailthroughanexamination顺利通过考试Hesailedthroughthisdifficultexaminationwithnomistakes.他顺利通过了这次艰难的考试，没出一点错误。scrapethroughanexamination勉强及格squeakbythefinals勉强通过期终考试squeakthroughsqueezethrough/by勉强通过考试gothroughanexamination♦♦♦及时做某事dosthintimeShegotbackintimeforthemeeting.她及时赶回来参加会议。dosthingoodtimeThefirebrigaderushedtothespotingoodtime.消防队及时赶到现场。dosthinduetime/courseSheansweredmyletterinduetime.她及时回了我的信。dosthinseasonTheyarrivedinseasonforthemeeting.他们及时赶来开会。dosthingoodseasonMeasuresforcombatingthedraughthavebeentakeningoodseason.及时采取了抗旱措施。dosthattherighttimeThissnowhascomeattherighttime.这场雪下得及时。dosthinthenickoftimeHearrivedinthenickoftimetosavethechildfromchokingtodeath.她及时到达，救了即将窒息的孩子。dosthtimely/promptlyHecorrectedmymistakepromptly.他及时纠正了我的错误。♦♦♦即将来临beathand127,becloseathandbenearathandbeonhandberound/aroundthecornerdrawnearsetin♦♦♦急于做某事beimpatienttodosthHeisimpatienttosetout.他急于要出发。beeagertodosthHeiseagertofulfilthetask.他急于完成任务。beanxioustodosthHeisanxioustogo.他急切想去。beoveranxiousforsthHeisoveranxiousforquickresults.他急于求成。♦♦♦把…集中在某事上concentrate…on/uponsth(指把注意力、精力、心思集中在…上)Hiswholeattentionisconcentratedonthissubject.他的全部注意力都集中在这个问题上。Heconcentratedallhiseffortsonhiswork.他把全部精力投入了他的工作。Hermindisconcentratedonherstudy.她的心思集中在她的学习上。concentrateon/upon(doing)sth(指精力、注意力，集中在…上)Sheisconcentratingonstudyingaforeignlanguage.她正在集中精力学习外语。focus…on/uponsth(把注意力、精力集中在…上)Theyfocusedtheireffortsonimprovingthewatersupply.他们集中力量改进水的供应。Shefocusedherattentiononthisproblem.她把注意力集中在这个问题上。centre…onsth(把注意力、精力等集中在…上)Publicattentionwasthencentredontheborderincident.公众注意力被吸引到边境事件上去了。♦♦♦挤过人群forceone'swaythroughthecrowdHeforcedhiswaythroughthecrowd.他从人群中挤过去。workone'swaythroughthecrowdelbowone'swaythroughthecrowdsqueezeone'swaythroughthecrowd127,pushone'swaythroughthecrowdshoulderone'swaythroughthecrowdthreadone'swaythroughthecrowdsqueezethroughthecrowdjostlethroughthecrowd♦♦♦挤进forceone'swayinworkone'swayinelbowone'swayinshoulderone'swayinthreadone'swayinpushone'swayinsqueezeone'swayin♦♦♦挤进到某地elbowone'swayintosomeplaceshoulderone'swayintosomeplaceforceone'swayintosomeplaceworkone'swayintosomeplacesqueezeone'swayintosomeplacepushone'swayintosomeplacejostleintosomeplace♦♦♦挤满befullofThisstorewasfullofpersonsthismorning.今天上午这个商店顾客很多。bealive/filledwithTheroadisalivewithon-lookers.街上挤满看热闹的人。Thehallwasfiledwithpersonswelcominghim.大厅里挤满了欢迎他的人。becrowded/crammedwithThisclassroomwascrowdedwithstudents.这教室挤满了学生。bejammed/floodedwithThecorridorwasjammedwithpeople.过道上挤满了人。Thebookstoreswerefloodedwithdetectivestories.书店里到处都是侦探小说。beimbuedwith(充满感情想法等)Hewasimbuedwithpatriotism.他满怀爱国热情。flow/swarmwithThenarrowstreetsflowedwithpeopleyesterdaymorning.昨天上午狭窄街道上挤满了人。Thebeachisswarmingwithbathers.海滩满是海浴的人。127,♦♦♦计较某事careforsthIdon'tcareforhisopposition.我对他的反对并不计较。beconcernedforsthHeisnotconcernedforhispersonalgainsorlosses.他不计较个人得失。carearapforsth(用于否定句)Hedoesn'tcarearapforwhatyousay.他对你说的话并不计较。giveahang(用于否定句)Youcanquithelpingmeifyouwantto.Idon'tgiveahang.如果你认为对,你可以不帮我的忙。我并不计较。haggleoversthfussoversthcareaboutsthcareahang/damn/straw(用于否定句中)giveahoot(用于否定句中)giveadamn/rap/straw(用于否定句中)♦♦♦记得某事remember/recallsthIstillrememberhisname.我还记得他的名字。Hedidn'trecallyouraddress.他记不得你的地址了。remember/recalldoingsth记得做过某事IrememberseeingyouinBeijing.我还记得在北京见过你。Ican'trecallwritingtoyou.我记不起给你写了信。havesthinremembranceShestillhastheplaceinremembrance.她还记得那个地方。haveremembranceofsthIhavemanyhappyremembranceofourdaystogether.我还记得在一起度过的那些快乐的时光。retainremembrance/memoryofsthShecouldretainonlythehaziestremembranceofwhattookplace.她只能依稀记得所发生的事情。Heretainsaclearmemoryofhisschoolday.他清晰记得他求学时代的情景。presentsthtothemindhavesthinmindhavesthdowncoldhaveaclearrecollectionofsth清楚地记得haveavivid/distinctrecollectionofsth清楚地记得127,♦♦♦记录/记下某事notedownsthYou'dbetternotedownyourimpressions.你最好把观感记下来。takenotesofsthWetooknotesofhislecture.我们听他讲课时作了笔记。keeparecordofsthHekeptacarefulrecordofallexpenses.他把一切开支都仔细地记下来。writedownsthIwrotedownhisspeechwordforword.我把他的讲演逐字记下。takedownsthHetookdownthatspeechinshorthand.他把那个讲话速记了下来。putdownsthPutthisdownforyournotebookforfuturereference.把这一点记在你的笔记本上，供以后参考。commitsthtopapercommitsthtowritingkeepanaccountofsthchalkupsth♦♦♦记性不好haveapoormemoryhaveabadmemoryhaveashortmemoryhaveaweakmemoryhaveamemorylikeasievehaveamindlikeasievebedullofmemorizingbeamanofshortmemoryhaveaheadlikeasieve♦♦♦记性好haveagoodmemoryhaveastrongmemoryhaveasplendidmemoryhavealongmemoryhaveapowerfulmemoryhaveamarvelousmemoryhaveamindlikeasteeltrap♦♦♦记住某事bear/keepsthinmindBearinmindtherulesofsafetywhenyouswim.127,游泳时要记住安全规则。learnsthbyheartIhavelearnedthatpoembyheartandcanrecitefrommemory.我记住了那首诗,能把它背出来。commitsthtomemoryYouhavetocommitthatmathsformulatomemory.你必须记住那个数学公式。keep/holdsthinone'sheadIt'sofgreatimportancetokeepthosestructuresinone'shead.记住那些结构很重要。keepsthinone'smemoryPleasekeepwhatIsaidinyourmemory.请记住我说的。impresssthonone'smemoryInordertoimpressthenewwordsonmymemory,Ihadtorepeatthemeverymorning.为了记住那些生词，我每天都得复习它们。fixsthinone'smindPleasefixthosephrasesinyourmind.请记住那些短语。makeamentalnoteofsthThatpointoughttobemadeamentalnoteof.那一点应牢记。keepsthinsightkeepsightofsthmemorize/remembersthkeepsthinmindholdsthinone'smindburdenthememorywithsthgetupsthhavesthinmind♦♦♦做某事纪念dosthtocommemorate/mark/rememberWebuiltatowertocommemorateourvictory.我们建塔纪念胜利。Weheldactivitiesmarkingthe100thanniversaryofthefoundingofSichuanUniversity.我们举行各种活动纪念四川大学建校一百周年。dosthincommemorationofWeheldameetingincommemorationofthe100thanniversaryofhisbirth.我们开会纪念她诞生一百周年。dosthinhonourofThemonumentwaserectedinhonourofthefallensoldiers.建立这座纪念碑以纪念为国牺牲的战士。dosthinmemoryofChairmanMaowroteapoeminmemoryofhisbelovedwife.毛主席写了一首诗来纪念他敬爱的妻子。dosthinremembranceof127,Abronzestatuewillbeerectedinremembranceofthenationalhero.为了纪念这位民族英雄，将建座铜像。dosthtothememoryofWeerectedamonumenttothememoryofourbelovedleader--ChairmanMao.我们建立纪念碑来纪念我们敬爱的领袖毛主席。dosthas/inatokenofIboughtanEnglishdictionaryasatokenofmygettingthefirstsalary.我买了一本英语词典来纪念第一次拿工资。becommemorativeof纪念ThestampsarecommemorativeofLenin.这些邮票是纪念列宁的。♦♦♦忌妒某人的envy/grudge/begrudgesb'ssthTheyallenvyyoursuccess.他们都忌妒你的成功。Onecangrudgenosuccesstosuchaworthyman.一个如此伟大的人之成功不会叫人忌妒的。envy/grudge/begrudgesbsthSheenviesyouyourachievements.她忌妒你的成就。Idon'tatallgrudgehimhissuccess.我一点也不忌妒他的成功。Noonebegrudgeshimhisgoodfortune.谁也不忌妒他的好运气。envysbforsthTomenviedJohnforhismuchprogress.汤姆忌妒约翰进步大。haveenvyofsb'ssthShehasenvyofMary'sbeauty.她忌妒玛丽的漂亮。befilledwithenvyofsb’sthAllmenwerefilledwithenvyofhisriches.大家都忌妒他的财富。showjealousyofsb'ssthSheshowsgreatjealousyofhishonour.她极为忌妒她的荣誉。beenviousofsb'ssthMaryisenviousofyourtalent.玛丽忌妒你的才华。bejealousofsb'ssthTheyarealljealousofyoursocialposition.他们都忌妒你的社会地位。feelenvyatsb'ssthIfeelnoenvyatyoursuccess.我对你的成功毫不感到忌妒。beenviousofsbforsthHeisenviousofyouforhavingabeautifulwife.127,他忌妒你有一个美丽的妻子。begreenwithenvyatsb'ssthHeisgreenwithenvyatmysuccess.他十分忌妒我取得的成绩。♦♦♦继承(遗产)inheritsthfronsbHeinheritedalargefortunefromhisfather.他继承了父亲的一大笔财产。comeintosthHecameintoafortunewhenhisuncledied.他叔叔死后，他继承了一笔遗产。succeedsbinsthHehassucceededhisfatherintheestate.他已继承父亲的遗产。succeedtosth(继承财产、王位等)Hesucceededtohisfather’stitleandwealth.他继承了他父亲的头衔和遗产。stepintosthbyinheritanceHehassteppedintoagoodestatebyin-heritance.他由于继承，不费吹灰之力得到一大笔房地产。accedetosthreceivesthbyinheritancecomeinforsthbyinheritance♦♦♦继承…的衣钵stepintotheshoesoftakeoverthemantleofinheritthemantleofinheritthelegacyof♦♦♦继续做某事goondoingsthHewentondoingtheexperiment.他继续做实验。goonwithsthTheAfricanpeoplearegoingonwiththeirfightfornationalindependence.非洲人民继续为民族独立而斗争。goaheadwithsthGoaheadwithyourpreparations.你继续准备吧。keep(on)doingsthThewaterintheriverkeepsrising.河水一直在上涨。Whydoyoukeeponaskingsuchsillyquestions？你为什么老是问这些愚蠢的问题?carryonsthWewillcarryonourresearchwhatevermayhappen.不管发生什么事情,我们都要继续进行我们的研究工作。carryonwithsth127,Nowwehavegotthehigh-fusemended,wecancarryonwithourwork.现在电灯保险丝修好了，我们能继续工作了。continuedoing/todosthHecontinuedtolivewithhisparentsafterhismarriage.他婚后还继续与他父母生活在一起。Continue(with)sthThispatientmustcontinuewiththedruguntilfullrecovery.这个病人必须继续服药直到痊愈为止。proceedwithHeproceededwithhisresearchesde-spiteseriousillness.尽管病情严重,他还是把他的研究工作继续下去。getonwithsthDon'tsittheretalking;getonwithyourwork.不要坐在那儿谈话，继续工作吧。♦♦♦给某人寄某物postsbsthHepostedmetherecordedtape.他把录音带寄给我了。poststhtosbPleasepostthislettertohim.请把这封信寄给他。mailsthtosbImailedalettertomywife.我寄了一封信给我的夫人。mailsbsthMailthemourorderforgoods,please.请把我们的订单寄给他们。sendsbsthIsentheraletterbyair.我给她寄了一封航空信。Hesentmeapresent.他寄了一件礼物给我。sendsthtosbThisremittancewillbesenttoyoubyairmail.这笔款通过航空邮汇给你。Wemustsendthemedicinetothembyairmail.我们必须把药品用航空寄给他们。sendsbsthbypostI'llsendyoumybookbypost.我将把我的书寄给你。sendoffsthtosbShesentoffabirthdaygifttome.她给我寄来一件生日礼物。remitsbsthEverymonthheremitsmesomemoney.每月他都给我寄点钱来。remitsthtosb127,Pleaseremitthatdictionarytoher.请把那词典寄给她。addresssthtosbIaddressedtheremittancetoMr.Smith.我把钱汇给了史密斯先生。makearemittancetosb汇一笔款给某人rimithome汇款回家♦♦♦把希望寄托在…上pin/layone'shope/hopesonSomeoftheoldpeoplepinnedtheirhopeongovernmentrelief.有些老年人把希望寄托在政府的救济上。placeone'shope/hopesonOurhopeisplacedonZhangShi-jie.我们的希望寄托在张士劼身上。buildone’shopeson/uponDon'tbuildourhopesuponhishelpingyou.不要把希望寄托在他对你的帮助。ItwasonMr.MaudingthatthisgroupwithintheConservativePartynowbuiltitshopes.保守党内这一派人这时把希望寄托在莫德林先生身上。restone's/hopesonHerefusedtoresthishopesonaluckysuccess.他不愿意把希望寄托在侥幸成功上。fixone'shope/hopesonWefixourhopesonChaoChao.我们把希望寄托在超超身上。fastenone'shope/hopesonWefastenedourmanyhopesonhispromise.我们把很多希望寄托在他的诺言上。expectgreatthingsfromsbOurpeopleexpectgreatthingsfromtheyoungpeople.我们的人民对青年人寄予很大的期望。haveexpectationsofsbHisparentshavegreatexpectationsofhim.他父母对他抱有很大的希望。expectmuchofsb对某人抱很大的希望Parentsusuallyexpecttoomuchoftheirchildren.父母通常对子女寄予过大的希望。putone'shopesonHerelderbrotherputsallhishopesforahappyageonhisson'ssuccess.她哥哥把过幸福的晚年生活全部寄托在他儿子的成功上。♦♦♦加班workovertimeworkextrahoursworkanextrashift127,♦♦♦加害某人doharmtosbdosbharmdosbaninjurydoaninjurytosbdoilltosbworkilltosb♦♦♦加快speedupWemustspeedupthetempoofsocialistconstruction.我们必须加快社会主义建设速度。stepupHesteppeduphispaceashegotnearhisdestination.他快到目的地时,加快了步伐。pickupSoonafterthetrainleftthestation,itbegantopickupspeed.火车离站不久,就逐渐加快了速度。speedup加快速度Thetrainsoonspeededup.火车不久便加快了速度。accelerate/quickenHequickenedhispace.他加快了步伐。It'samatterofgreaturgencytoacceleratenationalconstruction.加快国家建设是当务之急。expedite/hastenWemustdoourbesttoexpeditetheindustrializationofourcountry.我们必须尽力加快我国的工业化。♦♦♦加强strengthen/reinforceWemuststrengtheneducationamongtheyouth.我们对青年人必须加强教育。We'llreinforceunityandopposetheenemytogether.我们要加强团结,共同对敌。tighten/enhanceTheyhavetightenedsecuritymeasuresinthatarea.他们在那个地区加强了安全措施。Thesoldiersthereareenhancingcombatreadiness.那儿的战士正在加强战斗准备。cement/intensifysthHeaskedustointensifyself-criticism.要求我们加强自我批评。buildupInordertodefendourmotherlandfrominvasion,wemustbuildupourmilitaryforces.为了保卫祖国不受侵犯，我们必须加强军势力量。127,tightenupthemanagement加强管理enhancecombatreadiness加强战备strenghenPartyspirit加强党性♦♦♦加速speedupInordertomakeChinapowerful,wehavetospeedupthedevelopmentofindustry.为了把我国建成一个强大的国家，我们必须加速发展工业。stepupThetwocountrieshaveagreedtostepuptheirjointresearchanddevelopmentprogrammes.这两个国家同意加速他们的联合研究和发展计划。accelerateexpeditehasten♦♦♦加罪于某人casttheblameonsbputtheblameon/uponsbshiftablametosbshifttheblameontosbthrowtheblameonsbplacetheblameonsblaytheblameonsb♦♦♦假装pretendtobeHepretendednottobeawareofthatevent.他假装不知道那件事情。feignoneselftobeHefeignedhimselftobeasleep.他假装睡着了。makeafeignofShemadeafeignofreadingthenews-paper.她假装看报。feignoneself(后接形容词)Hefeignshimselfdeaf.他假装耳聋。pretend/feign/simulateHepretendedillnessandaskedforleave.他装病请假。Heescapeddetectionbyfeigningdeath.他装死而没被察觉。Hesimulatesknowledge.他假装有知识。makebelieve+接从句Dannymadebelievehedidn'thearhismothercalling.丹尼假装没听见母亲喊他。127,putonasemblanceofHeputonasemblanceofanger.他装着生气的样子。putontheappearanceofgivetheappearanceoftakeonthedignityofputonanairofassumeanairofputonthemaskofassume/wearthemaskofputonashowmakeashowofmakeasif/though+从句feign+that从句makesemblancesasif+从句♦♦♦假装正经pretendtobeasaintassumeanairofmodestyputonfalseairsfeignacorrectposturepretendtobeagentlemanputontheairofagentleman♦♦♦假装做某事pretendtodosthHepretendstoknownothingaboutthecase.他假装不知道那个案件。affecttodosthSheaffectednottohearme.她假装没听我说。makeafeintofdoingsthShemadeafeintofreadingthenovel.她假装看小说。makeanaffectationofdoingsthHemadeanaffectationoftakingnotes.他假装记笔记。makeapretenceofdoingsthHemadeapretenceofstudyingthere.他假装在那儿学习。makebelievetodosthHemadebelievenottobeawareofmypresence.他假装不知道我在场。♦♦♦驾驶车辆等driveatractor/car/train/bus/motorboatHeknowshowtodriveatractor.他会驾驶拖拉机。127,pilotaplane/shipTheaviatorpilotshisairplane.那飞行员驾驶他的飞机。navigateaship/airshipHenavigatedtheshipthroughthestorm.他驾驶着船度过了风暴。sailayachtShecansailayacht.他能驾驶游艇。steeraship/acarHesteeredtheshipfortheisland.他驾船向岛驶去。runacar开车♦♦♦嫁祸于某人layone'sownfaultatsb'sdoorshifttheblametosbbringtroubletosbputone'smistortunesontosb'sshouldersputtheblameontosbshifttheblameontosbshiftthemisfortuneontosbtranstertheeviltosb♦♦♦嫁罪于某人laytheblameonsbcasttheblameonsbputtheblameonsbplacetheblameonsbthrowtheblameonsb♦♦♦坚持某事persistinsthWepersistinreformandtheopenpolicy.我们坚持改革开放。Hepersistedinhisworkdespitethedoctor'sadvice.他不顾医生的劝告坚持工作。insistonsthHeinsistedonhisinnocence.他坚持自己无罪。adheretosthWeadheretothemassline.我们坚持群众路线。Headheredtohisoriginalplan.他坚持他原来的计划。persevereinsthHeperseveredinself-education.他坚持自学。127,standtosthWealwaysstandtothebasicline.我们始终坚持基本路线。Theoutsidenoisediddisturbhimbuthestoodtohisstudies.外面吵吵闹闹的确对他有干扰，但他还是坚持学习。keeptosthWekeeptotheregulationsofthecompany.我们坚持公司的规章。clingtosthsticktosthholdtosthbeinsistentonsthlayinsistenceonsth♦♦♦坚持自己的意见/观点adheretoone'sownopinionclingtoone'sview/opinionsticktoone'sopinionabidebyone'sopinionstandoutforone'sideaholdontoone'sopinionstandtoone'scolourssticktoone'scoloursstandto/byone'sgun/guns♦♦♦坚持原则adheretotheprincipleholdtotheprinciplestandtotheprincipleabidebytheprinciplesticktotheprincipleupholdtheprinciple♦♦♦坚持真理upholdthetruthpersistinthetruthadheretotruthstandupforthetruthholdfirmlytotruthsticktotruth♦♦♦坚持做某事persistindoingsthHepersistedinusingthatshabbytype-writer.他坚持仍用那台破旧的打字机。persevereindoingsthWemustpersevereinusingtheMarxiststand,viewpointandmethodtostudythereform.我们必须坚持用马克思主义的立场、观点、方法来研究这场改革。127,insistondoingsthThepeoplethereinsistonstudyingChairmanMao’sworks.那儿的人们坚持学习毛主席著作。makeitapointtodosthIhavealwaysmadeitapointtovisitmymotheronherbirthday.每逢我母亲生日时，我总是要去看她。makeapointofdoingsthShemadeapointofstudyingaforeignlanguage.她坚持学习外语。beinsistentondoingsthInspiteoftherainhewasinsistentongoingout.尽管下着雨,他仍坚持要出去。♦♦♦监督某人standoversbThechildwillnotstudyunlessyoustandoverher.你除非监督这女孩,否则她是不会学习的。lookoversb'sshoulderIt'sembarrassingtohavesomeonelookingoveryourshoulderwhileyouareatwork,asthoughyoucouldn'tbetrusted.工作时，有人监督真是令人难受，仿佛信不过你。supervise/watchsbplacesbundersuperintendenceputsbundersupervisionexercisesupervisionoversbhavesupervisionoversbplacesbundersurveillancewatchoversb♦♦♦监视keepwatchonTheauthoritieskept(a)closewatchoneveryairportandseaportfollowingtheescapeoftheprisonersfromjail.当局在囚犯越狱之后，立即对所有的机场港口严加监视。watchoutfor〈口语〉Specialtroopswillbegarrisonedalla-longthecoasttowatchoutfortheenemyairplanes.沿海都要驻上特种部队，以监视敌机。keepatab/tabsonItseemsthattheyhavebeenkeepingtabsonwhatIdoandwhatIsay.好像他们一直在监视我的言论和行动。beonthewatchforTheweatherstationisonthewatchforstorms.气象台在监视着暴风雨。keepacheckonThepolicearekeepingaclosecheckonthemovementsofbothsuspectsinthecase.警察正在严密监视该案中的两名嫌疑犯的行动。spyon/upon127,Tomispaidbythepolicetospyonotherstudents.警方雇用汤姆秘密监视其它学生的活动。haveone'seyeon/uponhaveaneyeupon/onkeepaneyeonkeepacloseeyeonkeepalookoutoversetawatchonkeep…underobservationkeepwatchonplacesbundersurveillancebeunderpolicekeepacheckonkeepaclose/carefulwatchonwatchoverwatchoutforkeepwatchoflookoversb'sshoulderhaveacheckonwatchsblikeahawkkeepalookoutoverkeepwatchoverkeepsbundersurveillanceputsbundersurveillance♦♦♦检查某事物checkuponsthLet'scheckuponourhomework.咱们把作业检查一下。check(on)sthPleasecheckonthequalityofthecommodities.请把商品的质量检查一下。Don'tforgettocheckonyourwork.别忘了检查一下你的工作。inspect/examinesthTheyinspectedmypassport.他们检查了我的护照。Heisexaminingyourluggage.他正在检查你的行李。gooversthThepolicewentoverthegunforfingerprints.警察仔细检查了枪上的指纹。gothroughsthThecustomsmenwentthroughhissuitcase.海关人员检查了他的手提皮箱。checkoutsthAlltheinstrumentshavebeencheckedout.所有的仪器都已检查了。127,checkoversthHecheckedoverhistranslationexercisecarefullybeforehandingitintotheteacher.他仔细地检查自己的翻译练习后才交给老师。makeaspotcheckofsth抽样检查Ouraccountantaskedusifagovernmentauditorhadcalledtomakeaspotcheckofourbooks.会计问我们有没有一位政府检查员来抽查我们的账簿。lookatsthIhavelookedatthemachine,andnothinggoeswrongwithit.我检查了机器,没发现什么毛病。takeaviewofsthThepolicetookaviewofthescene.警察检查了现场。takealookatkeepacheckonmakeacheckonmakeacheckforqualityoninspectsb'spassport检查护照examinesb'sluggage检查行李checktheaccount检查账目testsb'seyesight检查视力surveytheequipment检查设备♦♦♦检查身体haveaphysicalexaminationhaveahealthcheckhaveamedicalcheck-upchecksboverchecksbupcarryoutamedicalexaminationhaveamedicalexamination检举/揭发某人informagainstsbHeinformedagainsttwosecretagents.他检举了两个特务。denounce/exposesbAtthepolicestationthewomandenouncedthemanasapickpocket.这个妇女在派出所检举了那个男人是扒手。Ithreatenedtoexposehimtothepolice.我威胁去警察那儿告发他。reportsbto向…检举某人Shereportedagangofsmugglerstothepolice.她向警察检举了一伙走私贩。turninsbShepromptlyturnedhimintothepolice.她即刻向警察局检举了他。squealonsb〈俚语〉Johnsquealedonhisformerfriendstothepolice.约翰向警察局检举了他以前的朋友。127,impeachsbThejudgewasimpeachedfortakingabribe.法官被检举接受贿赂。♦♦♦减价reduce/lowerapriceThepriceforpetroleumwasreducedbytwelvepercent.石油价格降低了百分之二十。bring/cutdownapriceThepriceofeggshasbeendrasticallycutdownforseveraltimes.鸡蛋的价格好几次大幅度降低。Weshouldbringdownpricesofmedicinesforthebenefitofthepeople.为了人民的利益，我们应降低药品的价格。markdownapriceAllthetextilepriceshavebeenmarkeddown.纺织品都减价了。putdownapriceWeareplanningtoputdownthecostpriceofthesearticles.我们正在设法降低这些产品的成本价格。knockdownapriceWeknockedthepricedownadollar.我们把价格降低一美元。fetchdownapriceWehavetakeneffectivemeasurestofetchdownthepricesofmedicine.我们已采取有效措施降低药价。go/comedown(价格作主语)Thepricecamedownrapidly.物价迅速下降。Thepricesofallfarmproductsareexpectedtogodownsoon.所有农产品的价格不久可望下降。lookdown(某物作主语)Who,whentheshareslookdown,trytosell？股票看跌时，谁愿抛出呢？takeadive暴跌Railstockstookadiveonthemarket.铁路股票在市场上暴跌。drop/fall(价格作主语)Pricesfallheavily.物价猛趺。♦♦♦减速slowdownThetrainsloweddown.列车慢下来。slowupSlowupbeforeyoureachthecross-roads.到十字路口时车要减速。slackupSlackupbeforeyoureachthestop.到站时要减速。127,easeupEaseup,we'regoingtoofast!放慢点，我们走得太快了。easedownWhenthecarcamenearthebridge,thedrivereaseddown.汽车开近那座桥时,司机放慢了车速。slowdown使减速Besuretoslowyourcardownasyouapproachthatdangerouscurve.当你驶进那危险弯道时，务必放慢车速。easedown使减速Youmusteasethecardownto20kilometresanhouronthiscurve.在这条弯道上你得把车速减低到每小时二十公里。stepdown逐渐减低Thetrainwasapproachingthestationsotheengineersteppeditdown.火车快要到站了，司机慢慢降低火车的速度。slow/slacken/reducespeedThetrainsloweditsspeedaroundthecurve.火车转弯时，速度放慢。Thetrainslackenedspeed.火车开慢了。♦♦♦减轻某人的easesbofsth(减轻痛苦、负担、紧张状态等）Thismedicinewillcaseyouofyourpain.这药会减轻你的痛苦。Machinescaseusofheavymanuallabour.机器减轻了我们的笨重的体力劳动。lightensbofsth（指减轻痛苦、负担、重量等）Welightenedhimofhisburden.我们减轻了他的负担。ThismedicinewilllightenMaryofherpain.这种药会减轻玛丽的痛苦。relievesbofsth(指减轻痛苦、负担等)Thismedicinehasrelievedhimofhisheadache.这药减轻了他的头痛。easeoffsb’ssth(减轻痛苦、负担、紧张状态等)WhenherealizedthatTomhadbeenoverworking,heeasedoffhisload.当他了解到汤姆一直过度操劳时，就减轻了他的负担。♦♦♦减轻某人的负担lightensb'sloadlessensb'sloadlightensb'sburdenalleviatesb'sburdenlessensb'sburdenlightentheburdenonsblightentheburdenofsblessentheburdenofsb127,alleviatetheburdenofsblightensbofhisburdenrelievesbofhisburdeneasesbofhisburden♦♦♦减轻某人的痛苦easesb'ssufferingsrelievesb'ssufferingsalleviatesb'ssufferingseasesbofhispainabatesb'smiseryalleviatesb'smiseryeasesbofpainalleviatesb'spaineasesb'spainallaysb'spainreducesb'spainrelievesb'spainlightensbofhispainallaysb'stormentalleviatesb'stormentdull/mitigatesb'storment♦♦♦减轻某人的压力easethepressureonsbrelievethepressureonsblightensb'spressureeaseoffsb'spressureeaseoffthepressureofsblightenthepressureofsb♦♦♦减税reducetaxeslowertaxesreducetaxation♦♦♦减少收入curtailone'searningsearnasmallincomesecureasmallincomeearnalowincome♦♦♦见风使舵sailwiththewindtrimone'ssailtothewindveerwiththewindseehowthewindblowshaveitbothways127,shiftthehelmaccordingtothewind♦♦♦见识广beamanofwideexperiencehavewideexperiencebeexperiencedandknowledgeablehavea(good)headonone'sshouldershaveanoldheadonyoungshouldershaveone'sheadscrewedonknowone'swayaround/abouthavealotofgoodhorsesensegetalotofcommonsensehaveawayortwoseeagreatdealoflife♦♦♦与…建立关系establishacloserrelationshipwith与…建立更亲密关系formanintimaterelationshipwith与…建立亲密关系createabusinessrelationshipwith与…建立业务关系buildupacommercialrelationwith与…建立商业关系establishdiplomaticrelationswith与…建立外交关系establishatraderelationwith与…建立贸易关系♦♦♦建议做某事suggest/propose/advicedoingsthHesuggestedputtingoffthematch.他建议推迟比赛。Iproposedformingastudygroup.我建议成立一个学习小组。proposetodosthThatengineerporposedtobuildadamontheupperreachoftheriver.那位工程师建议在河的上游修建一个水坝。makeapropositiontodosthThetailormadeapropositiontobuyouthisrival’sbusiness.那位成衣商建议把他的竞争对手的生意全部买下。suggest/advicesthHesuggestedavisittothetheatre.他建议去看戏。Iadviseanimmediateoperation.我建议马上开刀。propose/recommendsthIwishtoproposeatoasttoourfriendship.我建议为我们的友谊干杯。suggest/propose/move+that从句(谓语动词用原形)Imovedthatthemeetingbeadjournedforaweek.我建议会议休会一周。recommend/advise/prefer+that从句(谓语动词用原形)Headvisedthatstepsbetakenatonce.127,他建议立即采取措施。Ipreferthatamassmeetingbeheldinnotime.我建议马上举行一个群众大会。♦♦♦建议某人做某事suggesttosbtodosthHesuggestedtometohaveaphysicalcheck-up.他建议我作一次体检。proposetosbtodosthIproposedtoyounottomarryher.我建议你不要和她结婚。prefer/recommendsbtodosthTheteacherhasrecommendedustoreadnovelsinorigin.老师建议我们读原版小说。suggest/proposesb'sdoingsthShesuggestedhisapplyingforaworkpermit.她建议他申请工作许可证。Heproposedyourtravellingbyhelicopter.他建议你乘飞机旅行。suggest/propose/advise+that从句(谓语动词用原形)Headvisedthatshegothereforfurtherstudies.他建议她去那儿深造。Isuggestedthathetakeashortleaveofabsence.我建议他短期休假。recommend/move/prefer+that从句(谓语动词用原形)HIsfriendsrecommendedthathecriticizehimselfinpublic.他朋友建议他公开作自我批评。makethesuggestion/motion+that从句(谓语动词用原形)Imadethesuggestionthatyouseeherhome.我建议你送她回家。♦♦♦鉴于inviewofInviewoftheabovementionedfacts,wewishtomakethefollowingproposals.鉴于上述情况，我们提出以下建议。seeing/consideringthatSeeingthatmostofthedelegatesopposedhisproposal,hewithdrewit.鉴于大多数代表反对，他就收回了。inconsiderationofWewillpardonhiminconsiderationofhisyouth.鉴于他年幼,我们要宽恕他。withaviewtoWithaviewtohisapproachingbirth,wedecidedtopresenthimwithhisfavouritebook.鉴于他的生日将到，我们决定送他一本喜欢的书。inconnectionwithHehasbeendetainedinconnectionwiththerobbery.鉴于与抢劫案有牵连,他被拘留了。127,for-as-much-asFor-as-much-asthesinshecommitted,heissentencedtodeath.鉴于他犯的罪行,他被判处死刑。♦♦♦健康的身体beingoodhealthHeisstillingoodhealth.他身体仍然健康。beingoodlooksSheisnowingoodlooks.她看起来很健康。beinthepink〈口语〉I'minthepinkandIhopeyouaretoo.我很健康，希望你也一样。beingoodnick〈口语〉Mywifeisingoodnick.夫人身体很健康。beinastateofgoodhealthYouarenowinastateofgoodhealth.你现在身体很健康。beingoodconditionbeingood/finefettlebeingood/prettyshapebewell/healthybesoundinwindandlimbenjoyhavegoodhealthbeonone'spinsbebuiltwellbewellbuilt♦♦♦健康不佳beinpoorhealthbeinbadhealthbeinbadshapebeinpoorshapebeoutofhealthbeunhealthy♦♦♦抢劫rob(sbofsth)Thebanditsrobbedthatbank.土匪抢了那家银行。Twohoodlumsrobbedanoldwomanofherbagbutwerecaughtonthespot.两个流氓抢了老太太的手提皮包，但当场被抓住了。plunder(sbofsth(指用暴力或欺诈进行掠夺）Theinvaderplunderedthepeacefulin-habitants.侵略者掠夺和平居民。TheimperialistsplunderedChinaofmanyvaluableworksofart.帝国主义者从中国掠夺了许多珍贵的艺术品。knockover/off〈俚语〉127,Thosegangstersknockedoverajewlerystorelastnight.昨天晚上那些匪徒抢劫了一家珠宝商店。holdup拦路抢劫Theyheldupamailvan.他们拦路抢劫了一辆邮车。bailupTheywerebailedupbyagangofbandits.他们被一伙土匪拦劫了。preyon/uponPiratesoftenpreyeduponshipsinthosedays.那时海盗经常抢劫船只。stickup〈俚语〉Maskedbanditsstuckupabankyesterday.蒙面强盗昨天抢劫了一家银行。despoilsbofsthHewasdespoiledofallhismoney.他的钱全部被抢劫了。♦♦♦奖励某人giveawardstosbWewillgiveawardstomodelworkers.我们要奖励模范工作者。awardaprizetosbTheAcademyofSciencesawardedaprizetothediscovererofanova.科学院奖励了一颗新星的发现者。giveaprizetosbhandoutaprizetosbbestowaprizeon/uponsbhandoutawardstosbgrantawardstosbputapremiumonsth奖励某事♦♦♦将功补过makeamendsbygooddeedsatoneforone'spastcrimesmakeupforone'smistakeswithnewcontributionsmakeupforone’smistakesbywinningmeritmakeamendsforone'sfaultsbygooddeedsmakeamendsforone’scrimebygooddeeds♦♦♦将来/今后inthefuture(指将来某个时期,不一定指最近将来)Idon'twantthistohappenagaininthefuture.我希望将来不再发生这种事情。infuture(指今天以后的将来时间)Youhavemadeamistake,infuturetrytobemorecareful.你已经犯了错误,今后可要更小心些。fromnowon127,FromnowonIwilltrymybesttodoitbetter.今后我要尽力把这工作干得更好一些。forthefutureI'llalwaysdosoforthefuture.我今后永远这样做。intimestocomeIntimestocomepeoplemaybetakingholidaysonthemoon.将来人们可能会到月球上去度假。indaystocomeIndaystocomeyouwilltravelbyair.将来你会坐飞机旅行的。inyearstocomeBuildingsmaybemadefromgarbageinyearstocome.将来建筑物可能用废物建造。♦♦♦降低成本reducecostsreduceproductioncostslowerproductioncostscutbackproductioncostscutdownthecostofproduction♦♦♦降低消耗reducetheconsumptionofmaterialscuttheconsumptionofmaterialscutdowntheconsumptionofmaterials♦♦♦降低物价cutthepricereducethepricelowerthepriceslashpricesmarkdownapricebringdownapriceabatethepriceputdownapricefetchdownapricerollbackapriceknockdownaprice♦♦♦把某事交给某人办consignsthtosbDon'tconsignsuchanimportanttasktohim.别把这样一项任务交给他。commitsthtosbWeshallcommitthemattertothecommitteeforfurtherdiscussion.我们将把这件事交给委员会继续讨论。entruststhtosb127,Ihaveentrustedthetasktoacompetentperson.我把这项任务已交给称职的人了。truststhtosbHetrustedthenegotiationtohisassistant.他把这个谈判交给了自己的助手。leavesthtosb'shandSheleftthatmattertomyhand.她把那件事交托给我了。leavesthtosbentrustsbwithsthchargesbwithsthleavesthwithsbtrustsbwithsth♦♦♦交出某物surrendersth(tosb)handoversth(tosb)deliverup/oversth(tosb)giveoversth(tosb)♦♦♦交好运beinluckhaveluckluckout〈美俚语〉luckup〈俚语〉playbigluckgetthebreaks〈美俚语〉strikelucky〈口语〉touchlucky〈口语〉haveone'sdayhavegoodluck♦♦♦交换意见exchangeviews/opinionsTheyexchangedviewsonawiderangeofinternationalissues.他们就广泛的国际问题交换了意见。comparenotesAftertheopeningshow,weusuallyhadalittlecelebrationduringwhichwealsocomparednotes.初次上演后,我们通常开一个小型的庆祝会，在会上我们也交换一下意见。haveanexchangeofviews/opinionsWehadafrankexchangeofviews.我们坦率地交换了意见。makeanexchangeofviewsexchangeideasinterchangeopinionsgetintocommunicationwithsbonsth与某人就…交换意见beincommunicationwithsbonsth127,♦♦♦交流经验exchangeexperienceswapexperiencedrawoneachother'sexperience♦♦♦和某人交朋友makefriendswithsbIbegantomakefriendswithhimat15.我十五岁就开始和他交朋友。keeptermswithsbDon'tkeeptermswithanidler.别和游手好闲的人交朋友。keepcompanywithsb(常指异性交朋友)Hekeptcompanywiththegirlattheageof18.他十八岁与那女孩交朋友了。patupwithsbYoushouldpatupwithhim.He'sthemantohelpyou.你应该和他交朋友,他会帮助你的。consortwithsbYoushouldconsortwithyourequals.你应该和你同等的人交朋友。buddyuptosb〈俚语〉I'vetriedtobuddyuptohimsohecandomeafavour.我想和他交朋友,好请他帮忙。chumaround/upwithsb〈口语〉HechumsaroundwithCharles.他和查理交上朋友。HechummedupwithaChinesestudent.他和一个中国留学生结成了好朋友。getoffsbwithsb(异性交朋友)beinwithsbbefriendswithsbbecomeacompaniontosbkeepgoodcompany(跟好人做朋友)strikeupafriendshipwithsbformfriendswithsb♦♦♦与某人交谈talkwithsbWeoftentalkwitheachother.我们经常互相交谈。haveatalkwithsbIhadafreetalkwithhimyesterday.昨天我与他进行了自由交谈。haveaconversationwithsbTheyhaveafriendlyconversationonawiderangeofsubjects.他们就广泛的问题进行友好的交谈。127,beinconversationwithsbMrs.SmithwasinconversationwiththeChinesestudents.史密斯太太在和中国学生交谈。chatwithsb闲谈Ichattedwithafriendovertea.我同一位朋友边吃茶边摆谈。haveachatwithsb闲谈Ihadalongchatwiththevisitor.我同客人摆谈很久。conversewithsbSheconversedwithmeaboutthefilmshehasrecentlyseen.她同我交谈了她最近看的一部电影。holdconversewithsbexchangeaconversationwithsbconversewithsbholdaconversationwithsbmakeaconversationwithsb♦♦♦与某人交往associatewithsbIdon'twanttoassociatewithdishonestpeople.我不愿意同不老实的人往来。takeupwithsbJonestookupwithBrownlastwinterandtheywenttoclassestogether.琼斯和布朗去年冬天开始交往，后来他们一起上学。consortwithsbHefeltitashametoconsortwithhoodlumsanddecidedtobreakwiththem.他羞于与流氓为伍，决定与他们绝交。getinwithsbHegotinwithagroupofplayboysandfailedtwofreshmancourses.他和一群追求享乐的年轻人交往，结果他大学一年级两门不及格。gowithsbSheisalwaysgoingwiththosepeople.他常常和那些人来往。goaroundwithsbWhydoyougoaroundwithsuchstrangepeople?为什么跟这些奇怪的人来往？goaboutwithsbShedoesn'twantmetogoaboutwithJaneandherfriendsanymore.她要我不再跟简及她的朋友来往。minglewithsbkeepcompanywithsbkeeptermswithsbmakecontactwithsbdealwithsbestablishanassociationwithsbhaveintercoursewithsbholdintercoursewithsb127,haveanassociationwithsb.assortwithsbbeincontactwithsbhavedealingswithsbrunaftersbbeoncalling/visitingtermswithsbhaverelationswithsbtravelwithsbtreatwithsbbeincontactwithsb♦♦♦与某人交易do/makeadealwithsbWemadeadealwiththemtosupplyelectricitytoourcity.我们同他做成了一笔供应我们电的交易。haveadealwithsbHehadadealwithmeinsugar.他与我做了一笔食糖交易。carryonadealwithsbtransactadealwithsbmakeabargainwithsbdotradewithsbmaketradewithsbcarryontransactionwithsb♦♦♦把某物交上来handinsthBesuretohandinyourcompositionthisafternoon.务必在今天下午把你的作文交上来。passinsthPleasepassyourpapersinattheendofthehour.请下课时把试卷交上来。sendinsthWillyoupleasesendinyourreportto-morrow?请你在明天把报告交上来好吗?turninsthWhenyouhavefinishedyourhome-work,turnitintoyourteacher.作业做完后，把它交给你的老师。giveinsthPleasegiveinyourexercisebooksnow.现在请把练习本交上来。♦♦♦为…骄傲/自豪beproudofHeisveryproudofhisnewcar.他以他的新汽车感到很自豪。Weareproudofhim.我们为他而感到骄傲。127,takeprideinWetakeprideintheachievementofouryoungcolleagues.我们为青年同志取得的成绩感到骄傲。feelprideinHefeelsprideinhisability.他为自己的能力感到自豪。showprideinAmanhasarighttoshowprideinhislibrary.一个人有权对自己的藏书表示自豪。prideoneselfinHeprideshimselfinhissuperiorlearning.他为自己学问的高深而感到自豪。prideoneselfupon/onShepridedherselfonhercooking.她以会做菜而自豪。beproudtodosth因…而自豪Iamveryproudtocallyoumyfriend.能与你朋友相称我感到自豪。♦♦♦骄傲自大beconceitedandarrogantWeshouldneverbeconceitedandarrogant.我们永远不能骄傲自大。beswollenwithprideThosewhoareswollenwithpridearedoomedtofailure.骄傲自大的人注定要失败。giveoneselfairsHewasingreatdemand.Consequentlyhegavehimselfairs.到处都需要他,因此,他自以为了不起了。bepuffedupIdon'tknowwhyheissopuffedup.我不知道为什么他这样骄傲自大。bebloatedwithprideHewasbloatedwithpride.他洋洋自得。bearrogantfeelhighandmightybesupercilious/haughtybepompoushaveaswelledheadgetaswelledheadhaveaproud/highstomach♦♦♦骄傲自满beself-contentandconceitedbecomplacentbeconceitedandcomplacentbebigwithpridebeinflatedwithpride127,beconceitedandself-satisfiedbeconceitedandself-complacentindulgeinself-exaltationandcomplacency♦♦♦绞尽脑汁cudgelone'sbrainsHecudgeledhisbrainstofindawayout.他为了寻求出路而绞尽脑汁。beatone'sbrains(out)Hebeathisbrainsoutforyearstosupportthefamilyandsendtheboystocollege.他为了养家和送孩子上大学，多少年来他都一直绞尽脑汁。rackone'sbrainsIrackedmybrainsforawaytoexplainit,butIfinallyhadtogiveup.为了寻找解释这个问题的方法，我绞尽脑汁，但最后只好罢休。rackone'switsrackone'smemorypuzzleone'sbrainsrackone'sheadransackone'sbrainsbusyone'sbrains♦♦♦与某人较量measureone'sstrengthwithsbmeasureoneselfagainstsbmeasureoneselfwithsbmeasureswordswithsbhaveacontestwithsbcontestwithsbhaveatrialofstrengthwithsbtryone'sstrengthwithsb♦♦♦教唆某人做某事instigatesbtodosthWhoinstitutedyoutodothis?谁教唆你这样干的呢?abetsbindoingsthHeabettedtheminrobbingthebank.他唆使他们抢银行。enticesbintodoingsthAscoundrelenticedtheboyintolying.一个坏人教唆他说谎。setsbontodosthWhosethimontodothispieceofmis-chief？谁唆使他去干这种缺德的事？urgesbontosthYouurgedhimontoevildoing.你唆使他作坏的。putsbuptosth127,Itwashethatputyouuptoallthesetricks.是他教唆你干的这些骗人的事。eggsbontodostheggsbontosthinstigatesbtosthabetsbinacrime教唆某人犯罪abetsbagainst教唆某人反对enticesbtodosth♦♦♦教授…课程teach(English)(教授英语)teachacoursein(law)(教法律)giveacourseinconduct/offeracourseingive…lessonsgivelessonsin♦♦♦教训某人teachsbalessonThisfailuretaughtmeagoodlesson.这次失败给了我一个很好的教训。givesbalessonIgavehimagoodlesson.我狠狠地教训了他。readsbalesson/lectureIfthatdoor-to-doorsalesmancomeshereagainandisimpertinent,Ishallreadhimalessononmanners.如果那个沿门叫卖的小商贩再来这儿又无礼的话，我要教训他一顿，好让他懂得礼貌。lectureatsbHedoesn'ttalktome,helecturesatme.他不是在同我谈话，而是在训我。tellsbathingortwoHesaidhe’dfindtimetotellhisdaughterathingortwotomakeherchangehermind.他说要找时间教训女儿一番，使她改变主意。♦♦♦接电话answerthecallanswerthetelephonewithstandalessonbeartheteststandthetestbetested♦♦♦接受劝告takesb'sadvicefollowsb'sadviceacceptsb'sadvice127,listentosb'sadviceadoptsb'sadviceactonsb'sadvice♦♦♦接受某事物acceptsth(接受工作、任务、邀请、礼物、批评、理论等)Heacceptedanarduoustask/assignmentyesterday.他昨天接受了一项艰巨任务。receivesth(接受教育、批评等)ShereceivedagoodeducationintheUnitedStates.她在美国接受过良好的教育。embracesth(接受提议、申请、理论、思想等）Hewarmlyhasembracedmyproposition.他已热情地接受我的建议。takesth(接受劝告、礼物、金钱等)Hetookmyadvicereluctantly.他勉强地接受了我的劝告。Thereisarumourthathetookabribe.谣传他接受了贿赂。♦♦♦揭穿某事exposesthYoudaretoexposehislies.你要敢于揭穿他的谎言。laybaresthHelaidbarethesecretagreementsbe-tweentheunions.他揭穿了工会间的秘密协定。givethelietosthPracticehasgiventhelietotheirspurioustheories.实践已揭穿他的谬论。showupsthWemustshowuptheconspiracyofthesuperpowers.我们必须揭穿超级大国的阴谋。unmasksb揭穿某人的假面目♦♦♦揭露expose/unmask/discloseWemustexposetheplotoftheimperialists.我们必须揭露帝国主义者的阴谋。WemustunmaskthecareeristsandconspiratorswhohavesneakedintotheParty.我们一定揭露混进党内的野心家、阴谋家。ferretoutHeferretedoutthehiddenenemyagent.他揭露了那个暗藏的敌特分子。layopenIwilllayopenthewholeaffairofhismisconduct.我要揭露他的不端行为的全部真相。laybareThefactswerelaidbarebythem.事实真相被他们揭露出来了。127,bring…tolightThetrialbroughttolightmanyunknowndetailsofthecrime.这次审讯揭露了有关犯罪的许多尚未被人发现的细节。showupHehasshownupthatimpostor.他把那个骗子已揭露出来。takethelidoff(揭露丑闻)ThereportertookthelidoffanastyCouncilScandal.记者揭露了枢密院的一件肮脏的丑闻。blọwthelidoff（揭露丑闻和非法活动）Aseriesofeditorialsblewthelidoffthewidespreadgraft-takingofpublicbuildinginspectors.一系列社论揭露了公房检查员普遍贪污的内幕。liftthecurtainonraisethecurtainonstirupmud揭露坏事/丑事♦♦♦节省某东西save(sb)sthIt'simportanttosaveunnecessaryexpenses.必须节省不必要的开支。Thisdevicewillsaveusmuchtimeandeffort.这种装置会节省我们的大量的时间和气力。economizeonsth(节省原料、燃料、电等)Weshouldeconomizeonmanpowerandnaturalresources.我们应该节省人力和自然资源。beeconomicalof/withsthHedoesmorethanothersbecauseheiseconomicaloftimeandenergy.因为他能节省时间和精力，因此比别人干得多。befrugalof/withsthHeisfrugaloftimeandmoney.他节省时间和金钱。usesthsparinglyHeisgoodatusingmanpowerandmaterialresourcessparingly.他善于节省人力和物力。♦♦♦把…与…结合combine…withTheoryiscombinedwithpractice.理论与实践相结合。integrate…withWewillintegrateourselveswiththemasses.我们要同群众相结合。gohandinhandwithOureducationgoeshandinhandwithproductivelabour.我们的教育要与生产劳动相结合。gowithEducationshouldgowithproduction.127,教育应与生产相结合。wed…withWisdomisweddedwithresolution.智慧与决心相结合。coordinate…withRevolutionaryspiritiscoordinatedwithascientificapproach.革命精神与科学态度相结合。integratewithIntellectualsmustintegratewiththemassesofworkersandpeasants.知识分子必须与工农相结合。♦♦♦和某人结婚marry/wedsbMr.Brownisgoingtomarryanactress.布朗先生将同一女演员结婚。bemarriedtosbHewasmarriedtoanAmericangirllastyear.去年他同一个美国姑娘结婚了。makeamatchwithsbShehasmadeamatchwithayoungerlawyer.她和一个年轻的律师结婚了。take/leadsbtothealtarShesaidTomwouldleadhertothealtarinOctober.她说汤姆在十月里将和她结婚。tietheknotwithsb〈口语〉HeisgoingtotietheknotwithMarynextmonth.他打算下月与玛丽结婚。pairupwithsb〈口语〉HewillpairupwithMissLi.他将与李小姐结婚。enterintounionwithsbbemarriedupwithsbtakesbinmarriagetake/havesbtobeone'swifegivesbone'shandstepoffthecarpetbehitchedupwithsb〈俚语〉getsplicedwithsb〈口语〉gotochurchwithsbmarryaboveoneself跟比自己地位高的人结婚marrybelow/beneathoneself和比自己身份低的人结婚♦♦♦结识某人be/getacquaintedwithsbI'macquaintedwithMr.Stevenson.我认识了史蒂文森先生。maketheacquaintanceofsbHewantstomaketheacquaintanceofthatauthor.127,他想认识那位作者。getoffwithsb(〈口语〉指异性结识)Shegotoffwithayoungdoctoratthedance.她在舞会上结识了一位年轻的医生。getinwithsbHowdidyougetinwiththem?你怎么认识他们的？fallintocompanywithsb偶然结识某人InagardenpartywefellintocompanywithsomeAmericanfriends.在游园会上,我们偶然结识了一些美国朋友。strikeupanacquaintancewith偶然结识某人Theystruckupanacquaintancewitheachotherontheplane.我们在飞机上相互结识了。pickacquaintancewithsb偶然结识某人failinwithsb(偶然结识某人)meetupwithsb〈口语〉scrapeupanacquaintancewithsb(设法结识某人)makesb'sacquaintance♦♦♦结束某事finish/end/concludesthThedelegationhasconcludeditsvisittoJapan.代表团结束了对日本的访问。TheywanttoendthetalksbyChristmas.他们希望在圣诞节前结束会谈。putanendtosthDeathputanendtohiswickedcareer.死亡结束了他罪恶的一生。putastoptosthIt'shightimetoputastoptothisleakageofinformation.是结束这种泄密现象的时候了。bringsthtoaclose/conclusionTheceremonieswereatlastbroughttoaclose.仪式终于结束了。bringsthtoanend(指不愉快、不满意的事)Ihopewehavebroughtourargumentsonfundamentalstoanend.我希望我们已经结束了在基本原则上的争论。finish/endoffsthHefinishedoffhisstoryinanexcitingtone.他用激动的语调结束了他的故事。makeanendofsthLet'smakeanendofthebusiness.让我们把这件事了结吧。come/drawtoaclose(某事为主语)Thebilateraltalkscametoasuccessfulclose.双边会谈圆满结束。cometoaconclusion(某事为主语)Thedebatecametoaconclusionatnoon.127,辩论在中午结束。come/drawtoanend(某事为主语)Themeetingdrewtoanendlateintheafternoon.会议开到傍晚才结束。finishwithsthbringsthtoastopputaperiodtosthdrawthecurtainonsthroundoffsth(圆满结束某事)getthroughwithsthgetthroughsthbethroughwithsth♦♦♦与某人结账settleaccountswithsbYoumustnotforgettosettleaccountswithmeattheendofthemonth.你必须记住月底与我结账。squareaccountswithsbThetimehascomenowtosquareac-countswithyou.和你结账的时刻现已到来。balanceaccountswithsbIshallbalanceaccountswithyoutomorrow.明天我与你结账。settlewithsbIshallsettlewithyouattheendofthemonth.我将在月底与你结账。♦♦♦解除某人的职务removesbfromofficeHewasremovedfromoffice.他被解职了。relievesbofhispost/duty/officeThegeneralwasrelievedofhisofficeasasupremecommander.将军被解除最高指挥职务。dismisssbfromtheservice/hisofficeHewasdismissedfromtheserviceforhiscarelessbehaviours.他因玩忽职守而被解除职务。Theydismissedhimfromhisoffice.他们解除了他的职务。releasesbfromhispositionHewasreleasedfromhispositionathisownrequest.他由于自己的请求而解除职务。oustsbfromhispositionHewasoustedfromhispositionlastmonth.他上月被撤职了。oustsbfromofficeTheyoustedhimfromoffice.他们撤了他的职。127,announcetheremovalofsbfromhisposition宣布撤某人的职♦♦♦解除合同cancelacontract.terminateacontractabrogateacontractvitiateacontractcanceloutacontract♦♦♦解除婚约renounceanengagementrescindanengagementbreakoffanengagementcancelanengagementbreakamarriagedissolveamarriagedissolveanengagement♦♦♦解除对…禁令raisetheembargoonremovetheembargoontakeofftheembargoonremovethebanonwithdrawthebanon♦♦♦解除思想负担berelievedofamentalburdenbefreefromamentalburdenhavealoadtakenoffone'smindtakeoffone'smentalburden♦♦♦解放liberate/emancipateRevolutionmeansliberatingtheproductiveforces.革命就是解放生产力。Onlybyemancipatingallmankindcantheproletariatachieveitsownfinalemancipation.无产阶级只有解放全人类，才能最后解放自己。freesbfrom从…把某人解放出来TheChinesepeoplehavebeenfreedfromimperialistoppression.中国人民已从帝国主义的压迫下解放出来。set/makesbfree获得自由Hewillbesetfree.他将获得自由。liberate…from把…从…中解放出来emancipate…from把…从…中解放出来♦♦♦解放生产力liberatetheproductiveforces127,emancipatetheproductiveforcesunleashinhibitedproductivityunfettertheproductiveforces♦♦♦解放思想freeoneselffromoldideasemancipatethemindemancipatesbideologicallyemancipatepeople'smindsbefreedfromoldideas♦♦♦解雇某人turnsboffThebossthoughthimatroublemakerandturnedhimoff.老板认为他是一个闹事者，把他解雇了。sendsboffHewassentoffbythebosslastweek.他上周被老板解雇了。lay/standsboff（指暂时解雇）Withfeworderscominginmanywork-menwerelaidoff.由于定货少了,许多工人被解雇了。givewalkingpaperstosb〈口语〉Thefirstcoursehetookwastogivewalkingpaperstoeverymanwhodaredtoopposedhim.他采取第一步措施就是把敢于反对他的人通通解雇。dismiss/discharge/fire/discard/castsbHewasdismissedbyhisboss.他被老板解雇了。firesboutThebossfiredoutanother50workers.老板又解雇了五十名工人。kick/letsbout〈口语〉Hewaskickedoutbecausehehadof-fendedtheboss.他得罪了老板而被解雇了。givesbtheair/axe/bounce〈俚语〉Hegaveustheairwithoutanyreason.他无理解雇了我们。turn/sendsbawayMaryclerkswereturnedawayyesterday.许多职员昨天被解雇了。givesbthegate〈口语〉givesbthebag〈口语〉givesbthepush〈口语〉givesbthebirdgivesbthebootgivesbthechuck〈俚语〉sendsbpackingturnsbadrift127,standsbdownturnsboutthrowsboutofjob♦♦♦解决某事solve/settle/handlesthThatproblemhasn'tbeensolvedyet.那个问题尚未解决。Disputesshouldbesettledbypeacefulmeans.争端应靠和平手段来解决。resolve/tacklesthHehasresolvedthatcontradiction.他已解决了那个矛盾。Shehasherownproblemstotackle.她有自己的问题需要解决。disposeofsthThisproblemwasquicklydisposedof.这个问题很快地解决了。ironoutsth(解决困难、纠纷等)Alldifficultieswerefinallyironedoutandthecontractsigned.一切困难终于获得了解决，契约签成了。workoutsth(尤指解题)Seeifyoucanworkthepuzzleout.看你能不能解决这个难题。makeupsth(常指解决争端、困难、疑难点等）Hehelpedustomakeupourquarrel.他帮助我们解决了争端。reckonwithsthAlltheseproblemshadtobereckonedwithastheyarosebeforetheygrewlargeenoughtohinderprogress.所有这些问题一产生就必须加以解决，不要让它们发展到阻碍前进。thrashoutsth(指通过讨论解决某事)Theydecidedtocallameetingtothrashtheproblemout.他们决定开个会讨论解决这个问题。grapplewithsthpuzzleoutsthdealwithsthattendtosthstraightenoutsth♦♦♦解释某事explain/interpretsthTheteacherexplainedthetextcarefully.老师详细地解释了课文。Theprofessorinterpretedtheinscriptionsontortoiseshells.教授解释了龟甲上的文字。explainsthtosb向某人解释某事PleaseexplainthiswordinEnglishtome.127,请你用英语给我解释这个字。accountforsthWeaskedhimtoaccountforhisconduct.我们要求他对他的行为加以解释。putaconstructiononsthHeputthebestconstructiononhisaction.他对他的行动作了最好的解释。♦♦♦解散委员会disbandacommitteedisbandacommissiondischargeacommitteedissolveacommittee♦♦♦解手washone'shandsgotothetoiletgotothelavatorygotostoolvisitJohnbeexcusedrelieveoneself♦♦♦解大便haveabowelmovementloosenthebowelsmovethebowelsrelaxthebowelsrelieveone'sbowelsemptythebowelsgotothelavatorytodefecategoNoI♦♦♦解小便passwatermakewaterpassone'sarinegotothebathroomgotothelavatorytourinate♦♦♦戒烟/酒giveupsmokingThedoctortoldMrHarristogiveupsmoking.医生要哈里斯先生戒烟。stopsmokingHepersuadedmetostopsmoking.他劝我戒烟。dropsmoking127,Ihavedroppedsmoking.我戒烟了。refrainfromsmoking/winePleaserefrainfromsmokingduringtheperformance.演出时请勿抽烟。abstainfromsmoking/wineHeabstainedfromwineandsmoking.他戒了酒又戒了烟。beonthe(water)wagon戒酒cutoutsmoking/tabaccostayoffcigarettes/wineholdofffromsmokingkeepawayfromtabaccolayoffsmokingdryoutkeepfromwine/smokingweanoneselffromsmokingbreakoffsmokinglayasidethehabitofsmokingpackinsmokingswearoffsmokingbethroughwithsmoking♦♦♦戒骄戒躁guardagainstarroganceandrashnessOnlybyguardingagainstarroganceandrashnesscanwemakegreaterprogress.只有戒骄戒躁，我们才能进步更大。beonguardagainstconceitandimpetuosityguardagainstprideandhasteguardagainstconceitandimpatience/rashnessshuncomplacencyandimpetuosity♦♦♦对某人有戒心beonone'sguardagainstsbHeisalwaysonhisguardagainstme.他对我总是怀有戒心。keepawaryeyeonsbkeepvigilanceoversbkeepone'seyesopen/skinnedforsb♦♦♦向某人借钱borrowmoneyfromsbborrowmoneyofsbtouchsbformoney〈俚语〉putthearmonsb〈美俚语〉puttheclawonsb〈美俚语〉putthetouchonsb〈美俚语〉makeatouch127,♦♦♦借酒消愁drownone'ssorrowsinwinedrownone'scaresinwinedrownone'stroubleindrinkdrinktodrowntroubledrinkdownsorrowdrownone'ssorrowsindrinkdrownone'sworriesindrinktaketodrinkingtoforgetone'ssorrowsdispelmelancholybydrinks♦♦♦借口…做某事maketheexcuseof…anddosthHemadetheexcuseofaheadacheandslippeduptohisroom.他借口头痛,溜上楼回到自己房间去了。dosthontheexcuseofDon'tslackenyourstudyontheexcuseofbeingtoobusy.别拿忙做借口而放松学习。dosthonthegroundofHeresignedonthegroundofillness.他以病为借口辞职了。dosthunderthepretextofHegainedadmissiontothepremisesunderthepretextofwishingtoinspecttheelectricalinstallations.他以检查电器设备为借口，获得允许进入那栋建筑物。dosthundertheveilofRossdeceivedthevillagersundertheveilofcharity.罗斯以慈善事业为借口欺骗村民。dosthunderthepleaofHewasabsentunderthepleaofillness.他借口有病未出席。dosthunderthecloakofdosthunderthecoverofdosthunderthecolorofdosthunderthdpretenceofdosthonthepretextof♦♦♦为…找借口make/offeranexcuseforSheisalwaysmakingexcusesforbeinglate.她总是为迟到找借口。find/inventanexcuseforHefoundexcusesfornotcarryingouttheorders.他为不执行命令找借口。findapretextforHecanfindapretextforrefusingtoanswerherletter.他能为他拒绝回她信找到借口。127,cookup/concoctanexcuseforHecookedupanexcuseforhisfailuretoattendthemeeting,sayingthathehadn'tbeeninformed.他借口未接到通知,未参加会议。♦♦♦禁不住做某事cannothelpdoingsthShecouldnothelpweepingaspasteventsrushedintohermind.往事涌上心头，她禁不住流下了眼泪。cannotkeepfromdoingsthIcannotkeepfromlaughingtohearsuchastory.听到这个故事,我禁不住笑了起来。cannotrefrainfromdoingsthIcannotrefrainadmiringthenovelwheneverIreadit.每当我读到这本小说时，我禁不住赞赏它。cannotbutdosthHecouldnotbutshowhispleasureatthegoodnews.他听到好消息时不禁喜形于色。cannothelpbutdosthWhenIheardthesadstory,Icouldnothelpbutshedtears.听了那个伤心的故事,我不能不掉泪。cannotchoosebutdosthHecannotchoosebuttellmethetruth.他不得不给我讲真话。♦♦♦把…向某人介绍introduce…tosbAllowmetointroduceyoutomyfriend.请允许我把你介绍给我的朋友。present…tosbAfriendofminepresentedavisitortome.我的一位朋友把一位来宾介绍给我。recommend…tosbIrecommendedhimtothemanager.我把他介绍给经理。make…knowntosbSinceyou'reanewcomer,you'dbettermakeyourselfknowntoanyonehere.你是新来的，最好向大家作一个自我介绍。briefsbonHebriefedtheCabinetonthelatestsituationintheMiddleEast.他向内阁简介中东的最近的形势。give…anintroductiontosbPleasegivemeanintroductiontothem.请把我介绍给他们。♦♦♦对某事不介意not/nevermindsthNevermindsuchtrifles.区区小事,何必介意。127,notcareaboutsthIdon'tcareaboutthematter.我对此事毫不介意。takenonoticeofsthHetakesnonoticeofallthatpeoplesaybehindhisback.别人在背后议论他,他毫不介意。notcareafigforsthIdon'tcareafigforwhatshesaid.她说的我根本不介意。nottakeoffenseatsthHedidn’ttakeoffenseatmychatabouthisweight.我说他胖了,他不介意。paynoattentiontosthHepaidnoattentiontowhatyousaid.你讲的他不介意。not/nevercareforsthHeverynevercaresforfamenow.他现在对名气不在乎。notcareahang(不在乎)notcareadamnnotcareastrawnotgivearap/damn/hand/straw♦♦♦尽管despite+名词Despiteallthis,Idon'tcomplain.尽管如此，我并不抱怨。inspite/defianceof+名词Wekeptonwalkinginspiteoftherain.尽管天在下雨，我们继续步行。withall+名词(常用于口语中)Withallhisgreatachievements,heremainsmodestandprudent.尽管取得了很大的成绩，他仍然谦虚谨慎。forall+名词Forallherknowledge,sheisn'tconceited.尽管有丰富的知识，她并不自满。notwithstanding+名词Sheleftnotwithstandingtherain.尽管下着雨，她还是走了。though+从句Thoughthistaskisverydifficult,Iamdeterminedtofulfilitintime.尽管这项任务艰巨，然而我决心按时完成它。inspiteofthefact+that从句Inspiteofthefactthathefailed,hedidn'tloseheart.尽管他失败了,但他并不灰心。although+从句despitethefact+that从句notwithstanding+that从句127,forall+that从句♦♦♦尽全力做某事doone'sutmosttodosthHedoeshisutmosttogivepleasuretohisfamily.他尽最大努力使全家人高兴。do/tryone'sbesttodosthIwilldomybesttomakeyouhappy.我要尽力使你快乐。makeeveryefforttodosthI'llmakeeveryefforttoservethepeople.我尽一切努力为人民服务。doallinone'spowertódosthHedidallinhispowertohelpherwithEnglish.他尽力帮助她学英语。doone'sendeavourtodosthYoumustdoyourendeavourtogivethefirmsatisfaction.你应该尽最大努力使那家商行满意。do/tryone'slevelbesttodosthHedoeshislevelbesttohelphertotideoverdifficulties.他尽最大努力帮助他克服困难。doeverythinginone'spowertodosthHecontinuestodoeverythinginhispowertogiveussupport.他继续尽一切努力支持我们。sparenoefforttodosthWewillsparenoefforttoprotesttheenvironmentagainstpollution.我们要尽全力保护环境不受污染。exertoneselftodosthSheexertedherselftohelpothers.她不遗余力地帮助别人。doone'spossibletodosthHehasdonehispossibletogratifyyou.他已尽了最大努力来满足你。dosthtothebestofone'sability/powerIwilldotheworktothebestofmyability.我要尽全力来干这工作。dosthasbestonecanWhenheheardthenews,hehurriedbackhomeasbesthecould.听到那个消息后，他连忙赶回家。doone'sbestendeavourtodosthsparenopainstodosthmake/useeveryendeavourtodosthdo/tryone'sdamnedesttodosthdevoteallone'senergiestodoingsthknockoneselfouttodosthmoveheavenandearthtodosthdosthbymainforce/strengthtrywithallone'smightandmaintodosth127,dosthwithmightandmainbent/fall/leanoverbackwardstodosthdoallinone'spowertodosth♦♦♦进步makeprogressHemadeconsiderableprogressinEnglish.他英语有很大的进步。makeanadvanceTaiwanhasmadegreatadvanceinindustry.台湾的工业进步很大。Wehavemadegreatadvancesineveryfieldofworkonourfarmthisyear.今年我们农场在各方面的工作都有很大的进步。getalong/aheadJohnisgettingalongwellinschool.Heislearningmoreeveryday.约翰在学校里很有进步，他每天都学到更多的东西。goaheadThisyoungmanisgoingaheadfastinhisstudies.这个年轻人学业进步很快。getonSheisgettingonnicelywithhisEnglish.她的英语很有进步。Johnseemstobegettingonverywellatschool.约翰在学校看来大有进步。comealongway有很大进步Theschoolhascomealongwaysinceitsbeginnings.这学校自创办以来已有很大的进步。makeheadwayHisstudyofEnglishhasmademuchheadway.他的英语学习进步很快。advance/progressYouhavemuchprogressedquicklyinmathematics.你的数学进步快。Scientificknowledgehasgreatlyadvancedsincethe16thcentury.从十六世纪以来科学知识进步很快。♦♦♦在…方面进步大makegreatprogressinmakegoodprogressinmakegreatadvanceinmakemuchprogressinmakegreat/rapidstridesinmakeaconsiderablestridesinmakemuchheadwayintakegiantstridesin♦♦♦进步快makefastprogress127,makerapidprogressprogressfast/rapidlymakerapidstridesmakequickprogressmakemuchheadway♦♦♦进退两难beinadilemmaShewasinadilemmawhethertogooutwithBillorJoe.她进退两难是跟比尔去还是跟乔去玩。beinafixYoursisterisinafix.你妹妹现进退两难。beinanawkwardpredicamentTomisinanawkwardpredicament.汤姆现在左右为难。have/holdawolfbytheearsHethatgoestolawholdsawolfbytheears.一个人打起官司就骑虎难下。beinaboxNowheisinabox.Thepickpockethastakenhislastdollar,andheis50milesfromhome.现在他进退两难。扒手偷走了他仅有的一块美元，而他离家还有五十英里。beinabindYourmotherisinabind.你母亲现进退两难。getintoafixbeinacleftstickbeinaspot〈口语〉beupatreebebetweenScyllaandCharybdisbebetweentwofiresbebetweenthedevilandthedeepbeonthehornsofadilemmabeequallydifficulttogoonorretreatbedifficulttoproceedordrawback♦♦♦使某人进退两难havesbinabind〈口语〉Thatschedulehasusinabind.那个时间表使我们左右为难。putsbintoadilemmaThatquestionputmeintoadilemma.那个问题使我左右为难。getsbinacleftstickShehasgothiminacleftstick.她已使他进退两难。placesbin/intoadilemmaYouplacemeinsomethingofdilemma.127,你真有点使我进退两难。putsbupatreeThisproblemputmeupatree.这个问题使我左右为难。getsbintochancerygetsbintoafixputsbupthepole♦♦♦晋升某人为promotesbtobe…Henryhasbeenpromotedtobemanager.享利已提升为经理。advancesbtoHewasadvancedfromanassociateprofessortoafullprofessor.他从副教授提升到教授。stepupsbtoHewassteppeduptodepartmenthead.他提升为部门主任。stepupto(某人作主语)ThisyearMaryissecretaryoftheclub,butI'msurehewillstepuptopresidentnextyear.玛丽今年担任俱乐部秘书,明年肯定会升为主任。raise/elevatesbtotherankof(多用军人提升)Hewasraisedtotherankofmajor.他被提升为少校。Hewaselevatedtotherankofcolonel.他被提升为上校。elevatesbtothepostofHewaselevatedtothepostofPresident.他晋升当总统。exaltsbtothepositionofHewasexaltedtothepositionofchiefmanager.他被提升为总经理。♦♦♦禁止某事prohibitsth(用法律、命令禁止某事)Thebombingofcitiesisprohibitedbyinternationalagreement.国际协定是禁止轰炸城市的。bansth(多指禁止道德败坏、伤风败俗的事)Themoviewasbannedbythecensor.新闻检查官禁止放映这部电影。forbidsthSmokingisforbiddenintheclassroom.教室里禁止抽烟。barsthWebarplayingcardsformoney.我们禁止打牌赌钱。Hehasbeenbarredfrompractisingmedicine.127,他已被禁止行医。putsthunderbanSmugglingisputunderbaninanycountry.任何国家都禁止走私活动。placesthunderbanGamblingisplacedunderbaninthiscity.该城禁止赌搏。layabanonsthAbanwaslaidonpornographicfilms.色情影片禁止放映。imposeabanagainststhWeimposeabanagainstgambling.我们禁止赌搏。layanembargoonsth禁运某物Duringthewar,theylaidanembargooncommercewithenemycountries.在战争期间，他们禁止与敌国通商。beunderban被禁止Anarchismisunderbaninmostcountries.无政府主义在大多数国家是被禁止的。beunderanembargo被禁运Suchgoodsareunderanembargo.这些货物是禁运的。clampdownonsthputthelidonsthlayprohibitiononsthputacheckonsthplaceacheckonsthlowertheboomonsth〈口语〉drawa/thelineatsthissueaninterdictagainststhlowertheboomonsth完全禁止某事♦♦♦禁止某人做某事prohibitsbfromdoingsthWeprohibitpupilsfromsmoking.我们禁止学生抽烟。forbidsbtodosthThedoctorforbidsthepatienttosmoke.医生不许病人抽烟。bansbfromdoingsthShewasbannedfromthecompetition.他被禁止参加比赛。Hewasbannedfromswimingintheswimmingpool.禁止他在这个游泳池游泳。debarsbfromdoingsthHewasdebarredfromdrinking.禁止他喝酒。inhibitsbfromdoingsth127,Wemustinhibitherfromgambling.我们一定要禁止她赌搏。forbidsbsthWeforbidhimwineandcigarettes.我们不准他抽烟喝酒。enjoinsbfromdoingsthinterdictsbfromdoingsthprohibitsb'sdoingsth♦♦♦经常做某事always/oftendosthHealwaystalkstohimself.他经常自言自语。dosthfromtimetotimeHeleftherefiveorsixyearsago,butIstillseehimfromtimetotime.他五、六年前离开这里，但我还经常去看他。dosthoftenthanandoftenIhaveseenitoftenandoften.我经常见到这种事。dostheveryonceinswhileHecomestovisitmeeveryonceinawhile.他经常来看望我。dosthmoreoftenthannot(副词短语也常放在句首)Shecomestoworkearlymoreoftenthannot.他经常很早就来上班。Moreoftenthannot,welayawakeallnight.我们经常通宵不眠。usedtodosth过去常做某事Heusedtogoforawalkaftersupper.过去，晚饭后他常去散步。♦♦♦经过某地gobysomeplaceBobhadtogobythepostofficeonhiswaytoschool,sohemailedtheletter.鲍勃去学校路上要经过邮局，所以他就寄了那封信。passbysomeplace从…旁边经过Ipassedbyyourhouseyesterday.我昨天从你家门口经过。comebysomeplaceTheycamebythreetownsontheirjourney.他们在旅行中经过三个大城镇。pass/gothroughsomeplaceItwasalreadybeginningtogetdarkwhenwepassedthroughthesmallvillage.我们穿过那个小村子时，夜幕已开始降临了。gobywayofsomeplace经过某地去HewentfromNewYorktoSanFran-ciscobywayofChicago.他从纽约经过芝加哥到达旧金山。go/flyviasomeplace去/飞往…途经某地127,WeflewtoAthensviaParisandRome.我们飞往雅典途经巴黎和罗马。♦♦♦经历某种情况gothroughsthIhavegonethroughagreatdealinmylife.我的一生中经历过许多事情。Wewentthroughterriblemiseries.我们经历过深重的苦难。comethroughsthThisgeneralhascomethroughtwoworldwars.这位将军经历过两次世界大战。passthroughsthDuringthewar,hepassedthroughmanyhardships.战争期间,他历尽艰辛。undergo/experiencesthModernscienceandtechnologyareundergoingagreatrevolution.现代科学技术正经历着一场伟大的革命。Ourcountryhasexperiencedgreatchangesinthelast25years.在过去的二十五年里，我们国家经历了巨大的变化。livethroughsthHelivedthroughtheworstyearsofthedepression.他经历过不景气的最坏年头。♦♦♦经受考验standthetest/trialHeisconfidenthewillstandthetest.他自信他经受得起考验。passthetestHeisabletopassthetest.他能经受起考验。withstandthetestThebuildinghaswithstoodsuccessfullythetestoftheearthquake.这座大楼已成功地经受了地震的考验。endurethetrialIhaveenduredalltheseveretrialsoflife.我经受过各种严峻的人生考验。bearthetestThosemethodshavebornedthetestoftime.那些方法已经受时间的考验。beundertestYourabilityisunderseveretest.你的能力正在经受严峻的考验。beput/broughttothetestTheradarinterceptionsystemswasfullyputtothetestbytheairbattlesof1940.雷达拦截系统在1940年的空战中经受了充分的考验。♦♦♦经得起各种考验127,beabletostandalltests/trialsbeabletowithstandalltrialsandtribulationsbeabletoexperienceallsortsoftests/trialsstanduptoalltests/trialsendureallsortsoftrials♦♦♦在…方面经验丰富beveryexperiencedinbemuchexperiencedinbewellexperiencedinberichlyexperiencedinhaverichexperienceinhavewideexperienceinhavemuchexperienceinknowathingortwo♦♦♦经营某东西bespecializedinhandlingsth专门经营处理某事Heisspecializedinhandlingtheimportbusinessoftextiles.他专经营纺织品进口业务。dealinsthThecompanydealsexclusivelyinlightindustrialproducts.本公司专经营轻工产品。tradeinsthThosemerchantstradeinrubberandtin.那些商人经营橡胶和锡。handlesthThisshophandlespaperandstationery.这家商店经营纸张和文具。sellsthThisshopsellsawideassortmentofgoods.这家商店经售一批花色齐全的货物。trafficinsth(多指非法的东西出售)Hetraffickedinstolengoods.他贩卖脏物。Heearnedhislivingbytraffickinginsalt.他靠卖盐维持生活。plya/one'strade经营某种商业Thenewspaper-sellerplieshistradeinthestreets.卖报者在街上兜售报纸。♦♦♦经营某个实体runahotel/club/companyHerunsahotelinChengdu.他在成都经营一家旅馆。keepadrugstore/shopHekeptadrugstorethere.他在那儿开办一家杂货店。127,operateafactory/shop/company/hotelHeoperatedmanyfactories.他经营很多厂。manageadepartmentstore/hotel/companyHemanagesadepartmentstore.他经营一家百货公司。carryonahandwarebusinessShecarriesonahandwarebusiness.他经营一家五金商店。♦♦♦经营农场manageafarmrunafarmoperateafarmworkafarm♦♦♦精力充沛beveryenergetic/vigorousHeisveryenergetic.他精力很充沛。befullofvigorThisyoungmanisfullofvigor.这位小伙子精力很充沛。befullofenergy.Thisteacherisstillfullofenergy.这位老师精力仍很充沛。befullofmentalvigorMr.Brownisfullofmentalvigor.布朗先生精力充沛。befullofvimandvigorSheisfullofvimandvigour.她精力充沛。befilledwithvigour/energy/vimHeisreallyfilledwithvigor.他精力确实很充沛。befullofgobefullofvitalityglowwithenergybefullofbeans♦♦♦精明强干beclever/wisebecleverandcapable.beableandefficientknowathingortwobeuptoathingortwobeacapableman/womanbeshrewdandcapable127,beacleverandcapableman/womanknowatrickortwo♦♦♦精疲力尽be/feelrundownlfeelmuchrundown.我感到疲惫不堪。bewornout/downShehadn'tsleptallnightandwascompletelywornout.她整夜没睡,已精疲力竭了。betiredoutJeanisextremelytiredoutandshouldgotobedearly.吉思十分疲劳,该早点去睡。befaggedoutIwasfaggedoutwhenIcamehome.我回家时已精疲力竭了。be/feelexhaustedIfeltexhaustedwithtoil.我劳累不堪。befatiguedHeisentirelyfatigued.他疲惫不堪。bedog-tired/deadtiredlamdeadtired.我觉得很疲倦。♦♦♦使某人精疲力尽runsbdownThisexhaustingworkisenoughtorunanyonedown.这项费力的工作足以使任何人精疲力竭。wearsboutThissituationhaswornhimout.这种情况使他感到疲惫不堪。wearsbdowntiresboutfagsboutexhaust/fatiguesbmakesbtired♦♦♦精神饱满bevigorousAsacricketerheisvigorousratherthanskillful.他是一个精力旺盛的板球队员，但他的球艺并不好。havefullvitalityTheyoungmanhasfullvitality.这个年轻人精神饱满。befullofenergybefullofvitalitybeenergetic127,befullofvigour♦♦♦精通某学科makeoneselfmasterofsthShehasmadeherselfmasterofseverallanguages.她已精通几种语言。beathomein/withsthItisnoteasytobeathomeinaforeignlanguage.精通一门外语是不容易的事。belearned/versedinsthHeisveryversedinLatinandhiswife(is)learnedinSanskrit.他精通拉丁文而他的爱人精通梵文。haveagoodcommandofsthShehasagoodcommandofAmericanEnglish.她精通美语。havesthatone'sfingertips/fingerendsThisyoungfellowhasthreelanguagesathisfingertips.这位青年人精通三种语言。haveathoroughknowledgeofsthHehasathoroughknowledgeofFrench.他精通法语。bewellupinsthInadditiontoEnglish,heiswellupinEsperanto.除英语外,他还精通世界语。knowallaboutsthHeknowsallaboutworldhistory.他精通世界史。bewellseeninsthMyfather-in-lawiswellseeninGer-manandEnglish.我岳父精通德语和英语。beacquaintedwithsthHeisacquaintedwithChineseClassic.他精通中国古典文学。befamiliarwithsthHeisfamiliarwithChinese.他精通汉语。familiarizeoneselfwithsthHefamiliarizedhimselfwithovertenforeignlanguages.他通晓十多种外语。begoodatsthAthoughheisyoung,heisgoodatmathematics.他虽年轻,却精通数学。behot/greatonsthHeishotonmodernpoetry.他精通现代诗歌。acquiremasteryofsthbecleveratsthmastersthbeperfectinsth127,beproficientinsthbethoroughlyconversantwithsthbewellgroundedinsthbeadeptinsthbeofmasterofsthachievemasteryofsthknowsthbackwardperfectoneselfinsthpostoneselfupinsthknowsthfromAtoZknowsthlikeabook♦♦♦警告某人warnsbIdidwarnhimbutinvain.我确实警告过他，但他不听。admonishsbHewasadmonishedforhisfault.他因犯错误而受到警告。cautionsbfor因…警告某人Hecautionedmefortrespassing.因闯入禁区他向我提出警告。givesbacautionIwasgivenacautionforillegalparking.我违规停车受到了警告。givesbwarningWehavegiventhemrepeatedwarningsagainstnewviolationsalongtheborder.我们屡次向他们提出警告，要求他们不再侵犯我方边境。sendoutawarningtosbextendawarningtosbissueawarningtosbwarnsbofsth警告某人(有…危险)warnsbagainst警告某人提防warnsboff/away警告某人离开某地warnsb+that(从句)cautionsb+that从句♦♦♦警告某人不要做某事warnsbnottodosthHisfriendwarnedhimnottobein-volvedinanycrime.他的朋友警告他不要卷入犯罪活动。admonishsbnottodosthWerepeatedlyadmonishhernottoas-sociatewiththatsortofpeople.我们一再警告她不要与那种人交往。cautionsbagainst(doing)sthIcautionedheragainsttakingsucharisk.我警告过他不要冒这种危险。Shecautionedhimagainstexcessiveoptimism，她警告他不要过分乐观。cautionsbnottodosth127,Theteachercautionedhimnottobelate.老师警告他不要迟到。warnsbagainst(doing)sthThedoctorwarnedthepatientagainstsmoking.医生告诫病人不要抽烟。admonishsbagainst{doing}sthThechildrenwereadmonishedagainstsmoking.告诫孩子别抽烟。♦♦♦警惕某人watchoutforsbWemustespeciallywatchoutforcareeristsandconspirators.我们要特别警惕个人野心家和阴谋家。beonguardagainstsbWe'llbeonguardagainstflatterers.我们要提防阿谀奉承之辈。be/standon/uponone'sguardagainstsbWeareonourguardagainstsmugglers.我们要警惕走私犯。keepvigilanceoversbThewardenkeptconstantvigilanceovertheprisoners.看守对犯人经常保持警惕。maintain/exercisevigilancehaveone'seyeontheballbeonthewatchforkeepone'seyesopen/skinnedforkeepone'seyespeeled/polishedforhave/keepone'sweathereyeopenforkeep/haveone'sweathereyeopenforkeepaweathereyeopenon/outfor♦♦♦竞选某公职runforHedecidedtorunforPresident.他决定竞选总统。campaignforHewasoneofthecandidateswhocampaignedforMayor.他是竞选市长的侯选人之一。startacampaignfor开始竞选Hestartedacampaignformayoraly.他开始竞选市长。runagainstsbfor同某人竞选RooseveltranagainstHooverforPresidentin1932.1932年罗斯福同胡佛竞选总统。putupforHehasn'tmadeuphismindwhetherornottoputupformayoragainthisyear.他尚未决定他今年是否再次竞选市长。standforMrs.CrawfordstoodforParliamentlastyear.克劳福德夫人去年竞选过议员。startforaseat(in)HestartedforaseatintheNationalAssembly.他竞选过国民大会代表。beacandidatefor是…竞选的候选人HeisnowacandidatefortheFrenchPresidency.127,他现在是法国总统竞选的候选人。throwone'shatin/intotheringfor宣布、声明参加竞选Atlonglasthethrewhishatintotheringbyannouncinghiscandidacyformayor.他终于宣布参加市长竞选。Thissenatorthrewhishatintheringforreelection.这位议员竞选连任。♦♦♦同某人竞争/争夺某种东西viewithsbforsthThemonopolistsarevyingwithoneanotherforevergreaterprofits.垄断资本家为了追求更大的利润而互相竞争。Theywerevyingfortheworldchampionship.他们正在争夺世界冠军。competewithsbforsthTomcompetedwithJohnforchampionship.汤姆与约翰争夺冠军。Thefirmcompetedwithapowerfulpartneratagreatercost.这家公司在同强大对手的竞争中付出了巨大的代价。Thetwocountriescompetedforthemarketoftextiles.两国互相争夺纺织品市场。competewithsbinsth在…方面同某人竞争Nationcompeteswithnationintrade.国与国在贸易上竞争。enterintocompetitionwithsbforsthTheyenteredintocompetitionforthechampionship.他们之间开始争夺冠军。contendwithsbforsthThetwosuperpowersarecontendingforspheresofinfluence.两个超级大国在争夺势力范围。Ourfootballteamiscontendingwithonefromthenexttownforthechampionship.我们的足球队正与邻镇的足球队争夺冠军。Thetwocountriesarecontendingwitheachotherinthatregion.那两个国家在那个地区互相竞争。startagainstsb同某人竞争Thetwocompaniesstartedagainsteachother.那两家公司互相竞争起来。enterintoacontestwithsbforsthShedidn'twanttoenterintoacontestwithMag.他不愿意与玛格竞争。contestwith/againstsbforsthThetwoteamswerecontestingforthecup.两个队在争夺奖杯。Hewastocontestwithastrongopponentforthechampionship.他要跟一个劲敌争夺冠军。rivalwithsbforsthenterintorivalrywithsbforsthbeinrivalrywithsbforsthcomeintorivalrywithsbforsthconteststhwithsbbeincompetitionwithsbforsthstandincompetitionwithsbforsth♦♦♦对某人敬而远之127,keepsbatadistancestandalooffromsbholdalooffromsbkeepalooffromsbstandapartfromsbkeepsbatarespectfuldistancegivesbawideberthkeepawayfromsbasmuchaspossiblekeepsbatarm'slengthsteerclearofsbwithgoodgrace♦♦♦敬佩某人esteem/admiresbWedeeplyesteemthepeopleofthethirdworldfortheirheroicstruggle.我们对第三世界人民的英语斗争深表敬佩。Weadmireyouforyourtact.我们佩服你的机智。haveesteemforsbIhavethegreatestesteemforthisre-tiredworker.我十分敬佩这位退休工人。holdsbingreat/highesteemThisyoungscientistisheldinhighesteem.这位年轻科学家深受人敬佩。takeoffone'shattosbItakemyhatofftohimforthewayhearrangedtheparty.他把聚会安排这么好,我对他表示钦佩。haveadmirationforsbWehave(a)greatadmirationforthegoldmedalists.我们对金牌的获得者极为钦佩。expressadmirationforsbbefilledwithadmirationforsbthinkthebetterofsb♦♦♦纠缠某人不休botherthelifeoutofsbworrythelifeoutofsbharassthelifeoutofsbnagthelifeoutofsbpesterthelifeoutofsbplaguethelifeoutofsbkeeponatsbmakeinsistentdemandsof/onfromsb♦♦♦纠正某事correct/redresssthPleasecorrectmistakesinmyreport.请你纠正我报告中的错误。Hewishestoredresstheerrorbyworkingdoublyhard.他想以加倍努力工作来改正自己的错误。127,put/setsb/sthrightHethoughtitwasThursday,butIsoonputhimright.他以为那天是星期四,但我马上纠正了他。Thematterwassoonputrightwiththehelpofaveterantechnician.在一名老技术员的帮助下，这件事很快得到了纠正。put/setsbstraightWehadbeenexperimentingandmakingmanymistakes,butwhenthechiefengineerarrived,hesetusstraightwithhisexcellentsuggestions.我们过去做实验出了许多差错，但总工程师来了以后给我提出极好的建议，使我们不再重蹈覆辙。straightenoutsthTheteachersawJim'sawkwardsentenceontheboardandaskedforvolunteerstostraightenitout.老师看到黑板上吉姆写的句子半通不通，就叫学生自动上前纠正。♦♦♦纠正错误correctamistake/faultcorrectanerrormendone'swayrectifyamistake/faultrectifyanerrorredressanerror/afaultrightanerror/awrongamend/mendafaultreclaimsbfromerror♦♦♦纠正不正之风correctbad/unhealthytendenciesrectifybadtendenciescheckunhealthytendenciesamendunwholesomeways♦♦♦究竟/到底onearth(加强语一般放在疑问词后)Whereonearthdidyougo?你究竟上哪儿去了?inheaven/hell〈口语〉Whoinhellisshe?他究竟是谁?Whatinheavenhappened?究竟发生了什么事情？increation〈美语〉Howincreationdidhedotheexperiment？他究竟是怎样做的这个实验？intime/natureWhyintimedon'tyoucomeintheotherroom？你究竟为什么不到另一个房间来？Whatinnaturedoyoumean?你到底是什么意思？intheheck/world(前者为美国口语)Howintheheckdidshedothework?她究竟是怎样干的那项工作？127,Whereintheworlddidhefindhisoldjalopy？那辆破旧不堪的汽车他到底在哪弄到的？underthesunWhereunderthesuncouldIhaveputmydictionary？我究竟会把词典放在哪儿去了呢？underheaveninthenameofcommonsenseinthenameofwonderinthenameofHeaveninGod'snameinthunder/blazethedeuce〈口语〉thehell〈口语〉thedickensthedevil♦♦♦旧病复发sufferfrom…againHe'ssufferingfromarthritisagain.他的关节炎又复发了。havearelapse(ofadisease)havearecurrenceofanoldillnesshaveanattackofanoldillnesssufferarelapsehaveanattackofarecurrentsicknesscomebackagain（旧病作主语）♦♦♦从…中救出某人savesbfromHesavedthechildfromdrowning.他救起这个溺水儿童。rescuesbfromTryingtorescuealittlegirlfromdrowning,theyoungmanwashimselfdrowned.为了抢救一个溺水的好孩子，那个年轻人自己却被淹死了。deliversbfrom(从监禁、罪恶、敌人手中、危险中解救出来)Wedeliveredhimfromdeath.我们把他从死亡之中解救出来。snatchsboutofThepatienthasbeensnatchedoutofthejawsofdeath.病人已从死神的魔爪中被抢救出来。♦♦♦救济某人relieve/succoursbThegovernmenttookmeasurestorelievethoserenderedhomelessbytheflood.政府采取措施救济因遭水灾而无家可归的人。providereliefforsbTheRedCrossprovidedadequaterelieffortherefugees.红十字会向难民提供了足够的救济。.providerelieftosb127,Weprovidedrelieftothepeopleinadisasterarea.我们救济灾区人民。providesuccourfor/tosbThelocalgovernmentprovidedsuccourtothepeoplerenderedhomelessbytheearthquake.当地政府救济因地震无家可归的人。providesbwithrelief/succoursupplyrelief/succourtosbsupplysbwithrelief/succour♦♦♦救援某人rescuesbNosoonerhadthegirlfallenintotheriverthantheyoungmanrescuedher.姑娘刚掉进河里，有个小伙子马上就援救了她。come/gotosb'srescueIfhewereindanger,manypeoplewouldcometohisrescue.他要是处境危险，许多人都会前来援救她的。come/gotosb'shelpcometosb'saidcometosb'sassistancegotosb'sassistancegivesbaidaffordsbassistancelendone'ssupporttosb♦♦♦就…而论/而言asforas…beconcernedAsfarasourowndesireisconcerned,wedon'twantfightevenforasingleday.就我们自己的愿望来说，我们连一天仗也不愿意打。sofaras…beconcernedSofarastheneedsofourcountryandthepeopleareconcerned,whatwehaveaccomplishedisfarfromenough.就国家和人民需要而论，我们现有的成就就是远远不够的。asfaras…goAsfarasthecontentgoes,it’sallright.就内容而言，这还是可以的。sofaras…goSofarasthequalityofthetonegoes,thisradioisexcellent.就音质而论,这台收音机好极了。as……goHeisyoungasstatesmengo.就一般政治家来说，他还算年轻。inthecaseofInthecaseofaphysicalchangenonewsubstanceisformed.就物质变化而论,没有新的物质产生。inpoint/respectofInpointofability,heisfarsuperiortoallofus.就能力而言，他比我们所有的人都高明得多。Inrespectofthecontent,thisessayisadmirablebutit'sunsatisfactoryinotherrespects.就内容而论，这篇文章是很好的，但其它方面还是不够令人满意的。127,intermsofIntermsofthenumbersinemploymentthehotelindustrywasthesecondlargestSwissindustryin1929.在1929年,就雇用人数来说，旅馆业是瑞士第二大行业。insofaras…beconcernedInsofarasthecoursesonspecializedtechnologyareconcerned,theprincipleofcombiningteachingandstudyingwithpro-ductionandscientificresearchmustbea-heredto.就专业课程而论，要坚持教学与生产、科研相结合的方针。considering/forHeiscleverforhisage.就年龄而论,他算聪明的。Heisverystrongconsideringhisage.就年龄而论，他可算得上健壮。considering+that从句Hefulfilledhistaskverywell,consider-ingthatitwasverydifficult.就任务十分艰巨而论，他完成得很好。whenitcomestoasforasconcerning♦♦♦就要做某事beabouttodosthThetrainisabouttostart.火车就要开了。begoingtodosthIamgoingtodotheexperiment.我就要去做实验了。beon/atthepointofdoingsthThatmanwasatthepointofdeath.那个人快要死了。IwasonthepointofcommentingwhenIheardsomeoneelsebeginningtospeak.我正要发表意见时，听到另外一个开口了。beinthewaytodosthHeisinthewaytoearnalittlemoney.他就要赚一点钱了。bebywayofdoingsthWhenIsawhim,hewasbywayofgoingtoHangzhou.我见到他时,他正要去杭州。beonthewaytodoingsthHeisonthewaytobecomingafinemechanic.他就要成为一名优秀技工了。♦♦♦就业get/takeajobHegotajobatahotel.他在一家宾馆就业。Shetookajobattherailwaystation.她在火车站找到了工作。obtain/getemploymentTomgotemploymentinacompany.127,汤姆在一家公司就业。Largenumbersofyoungpeoplehaveobtainedemploymentinthetouristindustry.大批的年轻人在旅游业中就业。takeupanoccupationbeinemploymenthaveajobbeinwork♦♦♦就我所知asfarasIknowsofarasIknowsofarasIcantellforallIknowforwhatIknow♦♦♦拘留某人put/placesbunderarrestTheofficerwasputunderarrest.该军官被拘禁起来。give/takesbintocustodyThethiefwasgivenintocustody.小偷被拘留了。hold/givesbincustodyTheprisonerwasheldincustody.罪犯被拘留了。runsbinHewasruninfordangerousdrivingonSaturdaynight.他因星期天晚上危险驾驶而被拘留。picksbupThepolicepickedupAndersonforquestioning.警察把安德森拘留起来以待审问。detainsbinternsb♦♦♦举办舞会giveadanceputonadanceorganizeadancegive/holdaballorganizeaballholdadance♦♦♦举办训练班conductatrainingcoursestartatrainingcoursesetupatrainingcourse♦♦♦举办宴会giveabanquethostabanquetholdadinnerparty127,holdabanquetgiveadinnerpartyholdadinner♦♦♦举办音乐会giveaconcertholdaconcertstageaconcert♦♦♦举办展览holdanexhibitionstageanexhibitionputonanexhibitionputonashowgiveanexhibition♦♦♦举手raiseone'shandputupone'shandstickupone'shandthrowupone'shands(表示投降)putupone'shands(表示投降)♦♦♦举行takeplace(不及物动词短语)ThepartywilltakeplaceonNewYear'sEve.晚会将在除夕那天举行。comeoff(不及物动词短语)Themarriagewillcomeofftomorrow.婚礼明天举行。gooff(不及物动词短语)Thepartywentoffwithoutanytrouble.集会顺利举行没有任何麻烦。passoff(不及物动词短语)Themeetingwillpassoffthisafternoon.会议今天下午举行。holdamassrally举行群众集会stageamassrally举行群众集会♦♦♦举行比赛holdacontestholdamatchhaveamatchhaveaconteststageacontestholdacompetitionstageacompetitionplayamatchattennis举行网球比赛127,♦♦♦举行考试holdanexaminationWeshallholdexaminationsnextweek.下周我们举行考试。conductanexaminationTheyareconductinganexamination.他们正在举行考试。takeplace(考试作主语)Whendoesyourexaminationtakeplace?你的考试何时举行?comeoff(考试作主语)Theexaminationwillcomeoffnextmonth.考试将在下个月举行。giveanexamination/atestTheexaminationwillbegiventomorrow.明天举行考试。♦♦♦举行反…的示威demonstrateagainstholdademonstrationagainstmakeademonstrationagainststageademonstrationagainst♦♦♦与某人举行会谈holdatalkwithsb(about/onsth)opennegotiationswithsb与某人开始谈判enterintonegotiationswithsb{about/onsth}negotiatewithsb(on/aboutsth)beinnegotiationwithsb{oversth}holdnegotiationswithsbparleywithsbholdaparleywithsb♦♦♦拒绝做某事refusetodosthHerefusedtoanswermyquestion.他拒绝回答我的问题。declinetodosth(有礼貌拒绝他人的邀请、建议、帮助等)Atfirsthedeclinedtomakeastatement,butlaterheagreed.他起初拒绝发表声明，但后来他同意了。declinedoingsthShedeclinedwritingtohim.她不肯给他写信。turndownsthTheconferenceturneddownhisoffer.大会拒绝了他的建议。throwdownsth〈俚语〉Theythrewdownagoodoffer.他们拒绝了一项很好的建议。throwoutsthThecompanythrewouthissuggestion.公司拒绝了他的建议。throwoversthThecommitteethrewoverthatproject.委员会拒绝了那方案。refusesth127,(指坚决果断甚至粗暴地拒绝他人的邀请、要求、忠告、援助等)Myfatherrefusedhisbribe.我父亲拒绝了他的贿赂。rejectsth(指坚决拒绝他人所给、所请、所提议的事，持否定、反对态度)Herejectedmyadviceandyoursuggestion.他拒绝了我的忠告和你的建议。declinesth(有礼貌地拒绝)Hedeclinedyourinvitation.他婉言谢绝了你的邀请。♦♦♦据我所知sofarasIknowHehasnobrohterssofarasIknow.据我所知，他没兄弟。asfarasIknowasfarasIknow,heisnotascholar.据我所知，他不是一个学者。tothebestofmyknowledgeTothebestofmyknowledge,heishonestandreliable.就我所知,他诚实可靠。tomyknowledgeHehasn’tbeenheretodaytomyknowledge.据我所知,他今天没到这儿来。accordingtowhatIlearn/knowAccordingtowhatIhavelearned,weareleavingforJapantomorrowafternoon.据我所知，明天下午我要去日本。for/fromwhatIcantellaccordingtotheinformationIhaveaccordingtowhatI'minformedfromwhatI'mtold127