重庆市万州第二高级中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题（Word版附解析）

万州二中教育集团高二(上)期中质量监测英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthemanprobablydoforthewoman?A.Helpherwithmath.B.Askforleaveforher.C.Takehertothehospital.2.WhatdoesthemanwantMamietodo?A.Drinksomecoffee.B.Doherhomework.C.Takeabreak.3.WherearemostofOsborn’sclassmatesfrom?A.TheUS.B.Canada.C.Britain.4.Whatflowersareinthevase?A.Sunflowers.B.Lilies.C.Roses.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Ahouse.B.Apicture.C.Agallery.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthewomanexpectthemantodo?A.PlaygameswithTed.B.Putawaytoys.C.Walkthedog.7.WhereisSimon? A.Inthebedroom.B.Intheyard.C.Onthefootballcourt.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whendoestheboyplantogetuptomorrow?A.At8:00a.m.B.At8:30a.m.C.At10:00a.m.9.Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?A.Attendaconference.B.Waketheboyup.C.Gotothezoo.10.Withwhomwilltheboyhavedinnertomorrow?A.Hisfather.B.Hisuncle.C.Thewoman.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whydoesthemanbuygiftstoday?A.Foragraduationceremony.B.Forawedding.C.Forananniversary.12.Whatwillthemanbuy?A.Thewhitegoldearrings.B.Thediamondearrings.C.Theyellowgoldring.13.Howmuchdoesthemanneedtopay?A.$2,000.B.$2,200.C.$3,000.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whatisthewomantalkingaboutatfirst?A.Cooking.B.Astoryline.C.Hermother.15.HowdoesthemanfeelaboutAlice’sbehavior?A.Understanding.B.Worried.C.Confused.16.Whatisthewomangoingtodotomorrow?A.Bringthemanabook.B.Takeahelicopter.C.Gotoaclub.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Wheredoesthespeakerlive?A.InChina.B.InPakistan.C.InSouthAfrica.18.Whatdidthelocaltourguideteachthespeakertodo?A.Avoidaltitudesickness. B.Keephimselfwarm.C.Rentasuitablecar.19.Whatdoweknowaboutthecashmachine?A.Peoplearen’tallowedtotakephotosofit.B.Itcan’tbeusedtopayelectricitybills.C.ItsetaGuinnessWorldRecord.20.WhoisAtiyaSaeed?A.Astudent.B.Ateacher.C.Aphotographer.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAttractivelakesidecottagesandcabinsLafitte’sLandingGuestQuarters,Uncertain,TexasTherearefivecottagesfeaturinghighceilingsandspaciousbedrooms.Lafitte’sisacertifiedBackyardWildlifeHabitat,soyoudon’thavetogofarforbird-watching.Explorethelakeonasteamboat,orheadtoCaddoLakeStateParkfornightadventuressuchasOwlNightsandBatWatches.Rates:Summernightlyratesrangefrom$559to$1,899LakePlacidLodge,LakePlacid,NewYorkWith17cabinssittingalongtheshoresofLakePlacidthearts-and-crafts-styleLakePlacidLodgeoffersanexcitingsummerlakeexperience.Lakefrontcabinscomeoutfittedwithhand-builtbedsandstonefireplaces.Goforahike,orhitthelakeforswimming,fishing,orboating.Rates:Ratesare$120pernightfordoubleoccupancy;eachadditionalpersonis$20pernight.LakeCrescentLodge,OlympicNationalPark,WashingtonItscottagesandcabinsarelistedontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.Choosebetweenone-andtwo-bedroomSingerTavernCottages,orstayinthealwaysfavored(andoftenbooked)RooseveltFireplaceCabins.SpendyourdayshikinginthesurroundingOlympicNationalPark,orexploringLakeCrescentbyboat.Rates:Nightlyratesforcottagesandcabinsrangebetween$317and$398.TamarackLodgeResort,MammothLakes,CaliforniaItisonthepeacefulshoresoftheTwinLakes.ChoosebetweenrecentlybuiltDeluxeCabinsandold wood-and-stonecabins.Swimming,fishing,boating,biking,andhikingarepopularpastimes.Rates:Summercabinratesrangefrom$369to$999pernight.1.Wherecanyouobservebatsatnight?A.AtCaddoLakeStateParkB.AtLakePlacidC.AtOlympicNationalParkD.AttheTwinLakes2.IfthreepeopleshareoneroominLakePlacidLodge,howmuchwilltheypay?A.$60B.$120C.$140D.$3603.Whichofthefollowingisdifficulttoreserve?A.CottagesatLafitte’sLandingGuestQuartersB.CabinsatLakePlacidLodgeC.DeluxeCabinsD.RooseveltFireplaceCabins【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。本文章主要讲述了几个适合游玩的迷人的湖边小屋，并对每个景点的特点进行了描述。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Lafitte’sLandingGuestQuarters,Uncertain,Texas部分中Explorethelakeonasteamboat,orheadtoCaddoLakeStateParkfornightadventuressuchasOwlNightsandBatWatches.可知乘坐汽船探索湖泊，或前往Caddo湖州立公园进行夜间探险，如猫头鹰之夜和蝙蝠观鸟。由此可知，晚上在Caddo湖州立公园可以观察到蝙蝠。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据LakePlacidLodge,LakePlacid,NewYork部分中Rates:Ratesare$120pernightfordoubleoccupancy;eachadditionalpersonis$20pernight.可知价格：双人房每晚120英镑，每多一个人，则加收20英镑。由此可知，三个人住一个房间的话，收费应该是120+20=140英镑。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据LakeCrescentLodge,OlympicNationalPark,Washington部分中Choosebetweenone-andtwo-bedroomSingerTavernCottages,orstayinthealwaysfavored(andoftenbooked)RooseveltFireplaceCabins.可知你可以选择一间和两间卧室的SingerTavern小屋，或者住在一直受到青睐（经常被预订）的RooseveltFireplaceCabins。由此可知，RooseveltFireplaceCabins比较难预订到。故选D。BOverlookingtheDavis—GantVarsitySoccerField,abedofoverturnedsoilwaitsforfurtherdevelopment.Inafewyears,thisareawillbecomeanaturalhabitatandaplaygroundforanimalsandresidents.Thispeacefularea didn’tappearnaturally,butthroughplanningandactiontakenbyCatlinGabel’sTinyForestprojectlaunchedbyteacherPatrickWalsh.Foreststypicallytakehundredsofyearstomature,withfourstagesofgrowth.“Tinyforestsflattenouttimethroughtheplantingofallfourlayers(层),”Walshexplained.Theendresultisafast—growing,nativeforestinabout20years.Over600plantsfrom43specieswillbeplantedinthetinyforest,thefirstoneinOregon.Walshwasinspiredtobuildatinyforestafterhearingaboutthisidea,whichemergedinJapanandhastakenholdinNorthAmerica.Hesharedhisvisionwithseniorsinhisclass.TheseniorsresearchedtinyforestsandmadeaproposalresultinginCleanWaterServicesdonating60treesand$5,000fromtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.Armedwiththeseresources,Walshandthestudentsstartedworking.“SomethingIdidn’treallyexpectwastheoutpouringofstudents’enthusiasm.Seeingstudentsfromallgradesvolunteeredtocontributetothe‘dirtywork’reallyblewmeaway,”Walshsaid.SeniorMeganCoverhasbeenattheschoolsincethefirstgrade.“I’llgraduateafterworkingonthisproject,whichissurelysad,butit’sreallyrewardingandgreattobeapartofthisprojectandtodomybit.We’recreatingthiseducationalspaceformanyyoungkids,”Coversaid.Walshsummeduphisgoaloftheproject,whichistobuildaplacewherestudentscanenjoyandlearnaboutnature.“Theforestwillobviouslynotsolveclimatechange,butitwoulddeservetheeffortsifthekidsthinkaboutclimatechangeandremembertheimportanceofreforestationandtreeswhentheylookoutsideattheforest.”4.Whatisspecialabouttinyforests?A.TheyoriginatedinNorthAmerica.B.Theyareusuallyplantedinschools.C.Theycontainvarioustypesoftrees.D.Theybecomematureinashortertime.5.WhatsurprisedWalshintheprocessofplantingthetinyforest?A.Theabundanceofnativetreespecies.B.Publicconcernabouttheenvironment.C.Theactiveparticipationofstudents.D.Supportfromlocalorganizations.6.HowdoesMeganCoverfeelabouttheproject?A.Proud.B.Hopeful.C.Excited.D.Grateful.7.WhatdoesWalshwanttheforesttofunctionasforthestudents?A.Asourceofenjoyment.B.Areminder. C.Asourceofinspiration.D.Awitness.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在老师PatrickWalsh的带领下，学校的学生合力种下了一片小森林，在若干年后，这个地区将成为动物和居民的自然栖息地和游乐场。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Foreststypicallytakehundredsofyearstomature,withfourstagesofgrowth.“Tinyforestsflattenouttimethroughtheplantingofallfourlayers(层),”Walshexplained.Theendresultisafast—growing,nativeforestinabout20years.(森林通常需要数百年才能成熟，有四个生长阶段。Walsh解释说：“小森林通过种植所有四层植物将时间变快。”最终的结果是在大约20年的时间里，一个快速生长的原生森林。)”可知森林通常需要数百年才能成熟，但是小森林的生长时间大大缩短了，即他们在较短的时间内变得成熟；故选D项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中““SomethingIdidn’treallyexpectwastheoutpouringofstudents’enthusiasm.Seeingstudentsfromallgradesvolunteeredtocontributetothe‘dirtywork’reallyblewmeaway,”Walshsaid.(“我没有预料到的是学生们的热情会如此高涨。看到来自各个年级的学生自愿参与‘脏活’，我真的惊呆了。”Walsh说。)”可知Walsh没有预料到学生们的热情会如此高，各个年级的学生都积极参与进来，这让他震惊；故选C项。6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“SeniorMeganCoverhasbeenattheschoolsincethefirstgrade.“I’llgraduateafterworkingonthisproject,whichissurelysad,butit’sreallyrewardingandgreattobeapartofthisprojectandtodomybit.We’recreatingthiseducationalspaceformanyyoungkids,”Coversaid.(高三学生Megan从一年级开始就在学校了。“我将在完成这个项目之后毕业，这当然令人难过，但是能够参与这个项目并尽自己的一份力量，真的是一件非常有意义和伟大的事情。我们正在为许多年轻孩子创造这样的教育空间。”)”可知Megan认为这是一件非常有意义和伟大的事情，由此可推断，她为自己能够参与到小森林项目中为孩子们创造一片具有教育意义的空间感到自豪；故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““Theforestwillobviouslynotsolveclimatechange,butitwoulddeservetheeffortsifthekidsthinkaboutclimatechangeandremembertheimportanceofreforestationandtreeswhentheylookoutsideattheforest.”(森林显然不能解决气候变化问题，但是如果孩子们能够考虑到气候变化问题，并且在看到森林的时候记住重新造林和树木的重要性，那么这些努力都是值得的。”)”可知，Walsh 认为如果孩子们看到小森林时能想到气候变化问题以及重新造林和树木的重要性，那他们付出的努力就值得；由此可推断，Walsh希望小森林能够对学生们起到提醒作用，故选B项。CSocialdistancingisnotanewconceptinthenaturalworld,whereinfectiousdiseasesarecommonplace.Throughspecializedsensesanimalscandetectcertaindiseasesandchangetheirbehaviortoavoidgettingill.In1966,whilestudyingchimps(猩猩)inaTanzaniannationalpark,zoologistJaneGoodallobservedachimpnamedMcGregorwhohadcaughtahighlyinfectiousvirus.Hisfellowchimpsattackedhimandthrewhimoutofthetroop.Inoneinstance,McGregorapproachedchimpsinatree.Hereachedoutahandingreeting,buttheothersmovedawaywithoutabackwardglance.“Forafulltwominutes,oldMcGregorsatmotionless,staringafterthem,”Goodallnotesinher1971bookIntheShadowofMan.“It’sreallynotthatdifferenttohowsomesocietiesreacttodaytosuchatragedy.”Notallanimalsaresoaggressivetowardtheirailingneighbors.Sometimesit’sassimpleasavoidingthosewhomayinfectyou.WhenKiesecker,aleadscientistinAmerica,studiedAmericanbullfroginthelate1990s,hefoundthatbullfrogscouldnotonlydetectadeadlysmellofinfectioninotherbullfrogs,buthealthymembersactivelyavoidedthosethatweresick.Bullfrogsrelyonchemicalssignalstodeterminewhoissickornot.Caribbeanlobstersalsoshundiseasedmembersoftheircommunity,wellbeforetheybecomeinfectious.IttakesabouteightweeksforlobstersinfectedwiththedeadlyvirusPanulirusargusmininuceovirustobecomedangeroustoothers.Normallysocialanimals,lobstersbeginkeepingawayfromthediseasedasearlyasfourweeksafterinfection–oncethelobsterscansmellcertainchemicalsreleasedbysickindividuals.Overallit’simportanttonotethat,unlikeus,animalsdon’trealizeiftheystayhome,theymightactuallyreducetheinfectionrate,”Kieseckerexplains.“Ashumans,wehavethatability.It’sabigdifference.”8.WhatcanwelearnaboutthechimpsfromGoodall’sobservation?A.Theykeptadistancefromoneanother.B.Theybecameaggressivewheninfected.C.Theinfectedavoidedcontactwithothers.D.Theinfectedwereforcedtoleavethegroup.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shun”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Avoid.B.Cure.C.Getridof.D.Getalongwith.10.HowarehumansdifferentfromanimalsaccordingtoKiesecker? A.Humansaremoresensitivetovirus.B.Humansarelesslikelytogetinfected.C.Humanstreatinfectiousdiseasesinawiserway.D.Humanscandetectchemicalsignalsmorequickly.11.Whichmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HelpMeOutB.LeaveMeAloneC.StayAwayFromUsD.StayHomeStayHealthy【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，动物和人类一样，在有传染疾病时和同类保持距离，但是人类的应对方法更明智。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Hisfellowchimpsattackedhimandthrewhimoutofthetroop.”他的猩猩同伴袭击了他，把他赶出了猩猩群。可知受到感染的猩猩被迫离开了群体，故选D项。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据前一段“hefoundthatbullfrogscouldnotonlydetectadeadlysmellofinfectioninotherbullfrogs,buthealthymembersactivelyavoidedthosethatweresick.”（他发现，牛蛙不仅能嗅出其他牛蛙身上致命的感染气味，而且健康的牛蛙还会积极地避开那些生病的牛蛙)。划线部分所在的句子“Caribbeanlobstersalsoshundiseasedmembersoftheircommunity,”出现了also，可知加勒比海的龙虾也像牛蛙一样避开得病的成员，故shun和avoid同义。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“it’simportanttonotethat,unlikeus,animalsdon’trealizeiftheystayhome,theymightactuallyreducetheinfectionrate,”Kieseckerexplains.“Ashumans,wehavethatability.It’sabigdifference”(值得注意的是，动物不像我们，它们没有意识到如果它们呆在家里，它们实际上可能会降低感染率，”Kiesecker解释道。“作为人类，我们有这种能力。这是一个很大的区别。)可知，从Kiesecker说的话可推断，人类和动物的不同之处在于人类对待传染病的方法更明智。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Socialdistancingisnotanewconceptinthenaturalworld,whereinfectiousdiseasesarecommonplace.”( 在传染病司空见惯的自然世界中，保持社交距离并不是一个新概念。)以及文章第一段提到了关键词Socialdistancing(保持社交距离)，即离我们远一点，故C项“远离我们”为最佳标题。故选C项。DImagineawaytoproducemeatwithoutkillinganimals.Insteadofraisinglivestockonfarms,UmaValeti,acardiologist,andco-founderofUpsideFoods,dreamedofawayto“grow”meatbycultivating(培养)animalcells(细胞).Theideaforwhat’snowcalled“cultivated”meatcametoValetiwhenhewasworkingwithheartattackpatientsattheMayoClinicmorethan15yearsago,growinghumanheartcellsinalab.Itshouldbepossibletogrowmeatwithsimilarscience,herealized.Scientistscouldtakecellsfromananimalbyaneedlebiopsy(切片检查),placethemintanks,feedthemthenutrientstheyneedtoreproduce,includingfats,sugar,aminoacidsandvitamins,andendupwithmeat.Ithastakenyearsofexperimentationbyacrewofbiologists,biochemistsandengineerstoturnthatideaintoaproductreadytoeat.NowthecompanyisawaitingagreenlightfromtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)tobeginsellingitsfirstcultivatedmeatproducts,includingachickenfillet(withoutbone).AfterfouryearsoftalkswithregulatorsattheFDA,Valetiexpectsthiscouldhappen“intheverynearfuture.”Whenitdoes,Upside’sproductionfacilityinEmeryville,California,willbeabletoproduceover50,000poundsofcultivatedmeatproductsperyear.ForValeti,thepotentialbenefitsofcultivatedmeataretooimportantnottotrytoovercomethecurrentobstacles.Heseesafuturewithabetterchoicetothecurrentsystemofproducingmeat,andhe’sdeterminedtocreateit.Valetisays,atlast,asadoctorhemighthavebeenabletohelpafewthousandpatientsduringhiscareer.But,bytakingthegreatsteptocultivatedmeat,withitspotentialpromisetosurpassmeatproduction,hebelieveshecanhavealargerimpact.“Thiscouldliterallyaffectbillionsofhumanlivesandsavepotentiallytrillionsofanimallives,”Valetisays.12.WhatmadeValeticometotheideaofmakingcultivatedmeat?A.Hisheartattackpatients’inspiringadvice.B.Theinspirationfromgrowinghumanheartcell.C.Hisdreamingaboutawaytogrowmeat.D.Thethoughtofhelpinghisheartattackpatients.13.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.ThecompanyiswaitingforthepermissionfromFDA.B.Theideaofcultivatedmeatturnedintoaproducteasily. C.Chickenfilletswillbeverypopularinthefuture.D.FDAisabigcompanythatmakesandsellscultivatedmeat.14.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Thecultivatedmeatisverypopularamongyoungpeople.B.Valetihashelpedmanypatientswithcultivatedmeat.C.Valetiisproducingcultivatedmeattoavoidkillingmanyanimals.D.Itwilltakedecadesbeforeenormouscultivatedmeatisproduced.15.What’sValeti’sattitudetowardsthefutureofcultivatedmeat?A.Negative.B.Uncertain.C.Critical.D.Positive.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述心脏病专家以及UpsideFoods公司联合创始人UmaValeti由培养人类心脏细胞中得到灵感，制作出人造培养肉，目前正在等待美国食品和药物管理局的批准，开始销售其第一批培养肉类产品。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theideaforwhat’snowcalled‘cultivated’meatcametoValetiwhenhewasworkingwithheartattackpatientsattheMayoClinicmorethan15yearsago,growinghumanheartcellsinalab.(15年前，Valeti在Mayo诊所与心脏病患者一起工作，在实验室里培养人类心脏细胞时，产生了现在被称为‘培养’肉的想法)”可知，Valeti是在培养人类心脏细胞中得到“培养”肉的灵感。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“NowthecompanyisawaitingagreenlightfromtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)tobeginsellingitsfirstcultivatedmeatproducts,includingachickenfillet(withoutbone).(现在，该公司正在等待美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）的批准，开始销售其第一批培养肉类产品，包括鸡柳（无骨）)”可知，该公司正在等待美国食品和药物管理局的批准。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“NowthecompanyisawaitingagreenlightfromtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)tobeginsellingitsfirstcultivatedmeatproducts,includingachickenfillet(withoutbone).(现在，该公司正在等待美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）的批准，开始销售其第一批培养肉类产品，包括鸡柳（无骨）)”以及最后一段中“‘Thiscouldliterallyaffectbillionsofhumanlivesandsavepotentiallytrillionsofanimallives,’Valetisays.(Valeti说：‘这可能会影响数十亿人的生命，并挽救数万亿动物的生命。’)”可知，Valeti 正在生产人造培养肉，以避免杀死许多动物。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Heseesafuturewithabetterchoicetothecurrentsystemofproducingmeat,andhe’sdeterminedtocreateit.(他看到了一个比当前肉类生产系统更好的未来，他决心创造它)”以及“But,bytakingthegreatsteptocultivatedmeat,withitspotentialpromisetosurpassmeatproduction,hebelieveshecanhavealargerimpact.(但是，通过迈出培育肉类的一大步，并有可能超越肉类生产，他相信他可以产生更大的影响)”可知，Valeti对培养肉的未来持积极态度。故选D。第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分;满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Perseveranceisn’teasy.Butbeforeyoublameyourlackofwillpower,considerthis:Buildingmentalstrengthissimilartobuildingphysicalstrength.Injustafewminuteseachday,youcantrainyourbraintothinkdifferently,manageyouremotions,andbehaveproductively.___16______17___Thinkaboutthreethingsyouaregratefulforinyourlife.Itcouldbeassimpleasthecleanwaterthatyoudrink.Writeinagratitudejournal,listthethingsyoufeelgratefulforoverdinner,ormakeitahabittofindwhatyou’rethankfulforbeforeyougotobed.Overtime,beinggratefulbecomesasecondnature.It’simpossibletostaystrongwhenyou’rethinkingaboutsomethingthathappenedlastweekorhorriblethingsgoingtohappentomorrow.___18___It’sthereforeofgreatsignificancetobeabletoconcentrateonthepresent.Withregularpractice,you’llincreasetheabilitytofocus.Itcanbetemptingtowaituntilyoufeelreadytomakeachange.Butwaitinguntilyoufeelgoodaboutyourselfbeforeyoutakeactioncouldbackfire.Instead,whenyouchangeyourbehavior,yourthoughtsandyouremotionswillfollow.Sowhenyou’resad,putyourshouldersbackandsmile,andyou’llfeelbetter.___19___Everydayisachancetodevelopsomementalstrength.Simple,shortexercisesperformedovertimewillhelpyoubuildmentalstrength.___20___Feelingsorryforyourselfandgivingupafteryourfirstfailurearejustafewofthebadhabitsthatcoulddiscourageyoufrombuildingyourmentalstrength.A.Theonlytimeyoucanmakechangesisrightnow.B.Withregularexercise,you’llbuildyourmentalstrength.C.Youcanstayawayfromthebadhabitsbyregulartraining.DMentalstrengthhasalotincommonwithphysicalstrength.E.Youcanphysicallychangeyourbrainbymakinggratitudeahabit. F.Payattentiontothebadhabitsthatkeepyououtofmentalstrength.G.Alwaysrememberfeelingsofconfidencewon’tcomeoutofnowhere.【答案】16.B17.E18.A19.G20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何增强自己的精神力量。【16题详解】根据空前的“Buildingmentalstrengthissimilartobuildingphysicalstrength.Injustafewminuteseachday,youcantrainyourbraintothinkdifferently,manageyouremotions,andbehaveproductively.(增强精神力量与增强体力类似。每天只需几分钟，你就可以训练你的大脑以不同的方式思考，管理你的情绪，并表现得富有成效。)”可知，第一段总体是在讨论提高精神力量，空处为最后一句，应该总结本段并引出下段，后面都在讲提高精神力量的方法，因此B选项“Withregularexercise,you’llbuildyourmentalstrength.(有规律的练习可以增强你的精神力量。)”说明练习可以增强精神力量，引出下一段的方法，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。【17题详解】空格处是本段主题句，由空后的“Thinkaboutthreethingsyouaregratefulforinyourlife.Itcouldbeassimpleasthecleanwaterthatyoudrink.Writeinagratitudejournal,listthethingsyoufeelgratefulforoverdinner,ormakeitahabittofindwhatyou’rethankfulforbeforeyougotobed.Overtime,beinggratefulbecomesasecondnature.(想想你生命中感恩的三件事。它可以像你喝的干净的水一样简单。写一本感恩日记，在晚餐时列出你感激的事情，或者养成在睡觉前找到你感激的事情的习惯。久而久之，感恩就成了你的第二天性。)”可知，本段主题为通过把感恩变成一种习惯来改变思维方式，E选项“Youcanphysicallychangeyourbrainbymakinggratitudeahabit.(你可以通过养成感恩的习惯来改变你的大脑。)”说明可以通过养成感恩的习惯来改变你的大脑，概括了本段内容，可作为主题句。故选E。【18题详解】根据空前句“It’simpossibletostaystrongwhenyou’rethinkingaboutsomethingthathappenedlastweekorhorriblethingsgoingtohappentomorrow.(当你想到上周发生的事情或明天会发生的可怕的事情时，你不可能保持坚强。)”以及空后句“It’sthereforeofgreatsignificancetobeabletoconcentrateonthepresent.(因此，能够专注于当下是非常重要的。)”可知，这里在说明当下的重要性，唯一可以做出改变的时刻只有当下，A选项“Theonlytimeyoucanmakechangesisrightnow.(你唯一能做出改变的时间就是现在。)”说明现在就要做出改变，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】根据空处前一句“Sowhenyou’resad,putyourshouldersbackandsmile,andyou’llfeel better.(所以当你难过的时候，把你的肩膀向后仰，微笑，你会感觉好一些。)”可知，要主动地寻求改变才会让自己感觉更好，G选项“Alwaysrememberfeelingsofconfidencewon’tcomeoutofnowhere.(永远记住，自信的感觉不会凭空而来。)”说明自信的感觉不会凭空出现（需要自己做出改变），因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。【20题详解】根据空处后一句“Feelingsorryforyourselfandgivingupafteryourfirstfailurearejustafewofthebadhabitsthatcoulddiscourageyoufrombuildingyourmentalstrength.(自怨自艾，第一次失败就放弃，这些坏习惯会阻碍你建立自己的精神力量。)”可知，需要关注那些使你失去精神力量的坏习惯，F选项“Payattentiontothebadhabitsthatkeepyououtofmentalstrength.(注意那些让你失去精神力量的坏习惯。)”说明了要注意那些让你失去精神力量的坏习惯，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。OnJuly20,YuYifei,amedicalintern(实习生),madehiswayhomeinasubwaytrainafterhisfirstday’straining.Whenaheavyrainstruckthecity,he____21____aboutadozenpeopletrappedinafloodedsubwaytrainastherainfallreached201.9millimetersbetween4pmand5pm,atotallynew____22____inthehistoryofZhengzhou.Flood____23____abarrierandenteredtheundergroundarea.Thetraincametoasuddenstopbeforethewaterbegan____24____inthecarriages,trappingpassengersinside.ThusYu,____25____toleaveandfearfulofhislife,madea____26____calltohisfather.Aswatercontinuedtoflowintothecarriages,passengers’____27____rose.Whensubwayworkersarrivedtowithdrawthem,Yu____28____togetout.Ashemadehiswaytosafety,heheardacryforhelp.Hequickly____29____thewhitemedicalcoatgiventohimatthehospital_____30_____andreturnedtotheplatformtosaveotherpassengers.Onseeinghim,anumberoffrightenedpeopleweregreatlyencouragedandtheirspirits_____31_____.Asmorepassengerswerepulledfromthe_____32_____,Yuinstructedothersinthekeystepstosaveavictimfromdrowning.He_____33_____CPR(心肺复苏)tothoseinlow-temperatureshockfromthecoldwaterandneardeathfromdrowning.Oneofthepassengers,afemaledoctor,nearlydied.After_____34_____consciousness,shejoinedYuintreatingothers.Yuwasvery_____35_____andneededallhisconcentrationtoperformanotherCPR.Whatagoodman!21. A.sawB.preventedC.keptD.saved22.A.recordB.heightC.pointD.depth23.A.pushedB.madeC.burstD.pulled24.A.risingB.fallingC.reachingD.disappearing25.A.uncertainB.unfortunateC.unusualD.unable26.A.foolishB.uniqueC.considerateD.desperate27.A.excitementB.fearsC.adaptationD.deaths28.A.managedB.failedC.intendedD.hesitated29.A.triedonB.gotonC.putonD.lookedon30.A.laterB.furtherC.earlierD.former31.A.gainedB.liftedC.sankD.ran32.A.platformB.airC.boatD.water33.A.stoppedB.continuedC.explainedD.refused34.A.regainingB.refreshingC.remindingD.replacing35.A.boredB.heartbrokenC.energeticD.tired【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.A25.A26.D27.B28.A29.C30.C31.B32.D33.B34.A35.D 【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了于逸飞在暴雨袭击郑州时，救出了被困在洪水淹没的地铁里大约12个人的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一场大雨袭击郑州时，他拯救了大约12名被困在被水淹没的地铁里的人，下午4点到5点之间的降雨量达到了201.9毫米，这是郑州历史上的新纪录。A.saw看到；B.prevented阻止；C.kept保持；D.saved救。根据语境和后文“aboutadozenpeopletrappedinafloodedsubwaytrainastherainfallreached201.9millimetersbetween4pmand5pm”可知，于逸飞拯救了被困在地铁里的人。故选D项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.record记录；B.height高度；C.point意义；D.depth深度。根据前文“astherainfallreached201.9millimetersbetween4pmand5pm”和后文“inthehistoryofZhengzhou”可知，郑州的降雨量达到了201.9毫米，创造了郑州历史上的新纪录。故选A项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：洪水冲破了护栏，进入了地下区域。A.pushed推；B.made做；C.burst使破裂；D.pulled拉。根据后文“enteredtheundergroundarea”可知，洪水冲破了护栏，进入了地下区域。故选C项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：火车突然停了下来，车厢里的水开始上涨，乘客被困在里面。A.rising上升；B.falling跌落；C.reaching达到；D.disappearing消失。根据前文“Flood____3____abarrierandenteredtheundergroundarea.”和后文“trappingpassengersinside”可知，车厢里的水开始上涨，乘客被困在车厢里。故选A项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，于逸飞不确定能不能离开，担心自己的生命安全，绝望地打电话给他的父亲。A.uncertain不确定的；B.unfortunate不幸的；C.unusual不寻常的；D.unable不能。根据前文“Thetraincametoasuddenstopbeforethewaterbegan____4____inthecarriages,trappingpassengersinside.”可知，于逸飞被困地铁，不确定能不能离开。故选A项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.foolish愚蠢；B.unique独特的；C.considerate体贴的；D.desperate绝望的。根据前文“ThusYu,____5____toleaveandfearfulofhislife”可知，担心自己的生命安全，绝望地打电话给家人。故选D项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着水继续流入车厢，乘客们的恐惧加剧。A.excitement兴奋；B.fears恐惧； C.adaptation适应；D.deaths死亡。根据前文“Aswatercontinuedtoflowintothecarriages”可知，水不断流入车厢，乘客们的恐惧加剧。故选B项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地铁工作人员来让他们撤离时，于逸飞设法出去了。A.managed设法；B.failed失败；C.intended打算；D.hesitated犹豫。根据后文“Hequickly____9____thewhitemedicalcoatgiventohimatthehospital____10____andreturnedtotheplatformtosaveotherpassengers.”可知，于逸飞设法出来了，并去救人。故选A项。【29题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他迅速穿上医院给他的白色医用大褂，回到站台去救其他乘客。A.triedon试穿；B.goton上车；C.puton穿上；D.lookedon旁观。根据后文“thewhitemedicalcoat”可知，于逸飞穿上白大褂。故选C项。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.later后来；B.further更进一步；C.earlier之前；D.former以前的。根据第一段中“OnJuly20,YuYifei,amedicalintern(实习生),madehiswayhomeinasubwaytrainafterhisfirstday’straining.”可知，白大褂是医院之前发给于逸飞的。故选C项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一看到他，许多受了惊吓的人受到鼓舞，精神振奋。A.gained获得；B.lifted提升；C.sank下沉；D.ran跑。根据前文“anumberoffrightenedpeopleweregreatlyencouraged”可知，一看到于逸飞，许多人精神振奋。故选B项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着越来越多的乘客被从水里拉出来，于逸飞指导其他人如何采取关键步骤来拯救落水者。A.platform站台；B.air空气；C.boat船；D.water水。根据语境及后文“Yuinstructedothersinthekeystepstosaveavictimfromdrowning”可知，被困乘客从水里被拉出来。故选D项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他继续对那些在冷水中低温休克和溺水濒临死亡的人进行心肺复苏术。A.stopped停止；B.continued继续；C.explained解释；D.refused拒绝。根据后文“thoseinlow-temperatureshockfromthecoldwaterandneardeathfromdrowning”可知，于逸飞继续救治那些处于极度危险的人。故选B项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在恢复意识后，她和于逸飞一起治疗其他人。A.regaining重新获得，恢复（能力等）；B.refreshing使精神抖擞；C.reminding提醒；D.replacing代替。根据前文“Oneofthepassengers,afemaledoctor,nearlydied.”和后文“consciousness,shejoinedYuintreatingothers ”可知，一名女医生恢复意识后，和于一起治疗其他人。故选A项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：于逸飞很累，需要集中全部精力再做一次心肺复苏术。A.bored无聊的；B.heartbroken伤心的；C.energetic精力充沛的；D.tired累的。根据前文“He____13____CPR(心肺复苏)tothoseinlow-temperatureshockfromthecoldwaterandneardeathfromdrowning.”和后文“neededallhisconcentrationtoperformanotherCPR”可知，于逸飞做了很多次心肺复苏手术，感到很累。故选D项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。InNorthwestChina’sGansuProvinceliesZhangyeNationalGeopark,whichisblessed____36____asplendidDanxialandformarea____37____(cover)about1,289squarekilometers.TheDanxialandformsare____38____masterpieceofnature.Thecolorfulmountainridgesarejustlikeanoverturnedpalettefromheaven.Bandsoffieryred,creamyorange,richgreenandbrightyellowstreakacrossthemountain,forming____39____isknownasthemostbeautifulrainbowmountain.Theincrediblelandscapes____40____(create)bysandstoneandmineralspilingontopofoneanotheryearsagoduetotectonicplatemovements.Wind,rain,andtimethencarvedtherockformationsandrollinghillsinto____41____(vary)extraordinaryshapes,includingtowers,pillarsandvalleys.____42____(declare)aUNESCOWorldHeritagesitein2010andanationalgeoparkin2011,thelandformhasbecomeatoptourist____43____(attract).Theparkfeaturesaseriesofboardwalksthatallowvisitorstowalkaroundthecolorfulsandstonelandscapes.Thereareviewingplatforms____44____(special)designed,enablingtouriststogetclosetothehillsandfeasttheireyesonthemagnificentsightswithoutdamagingthefragileecosystem.Shuttlebusserviceisavailable,making_____45_____easyfortouriststogetaroundthepark.【答案】36.with37.covering38.a39.what40.werecreated41.various##varied42.Declared43.attraction44.specially45.it【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍位于中国西北部的甘肃省张掖国家地质公园里的丹霞地貌。【36题详解】考查介词。句意：张掖国家地质公园位于中国西北部的甘肃省，这里拥有一个壮丽的丹霞地貌区，面积约1289平方公里。beblessedwith“拥有，幸运地享有”是固定搭配。故填with。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。非谓语动词cover和前文名词之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作后置定语。故填covering。【38题详解】考查冠词。句意：丹霞地貌是大自然的杰作。可数名词单数masterpiece是泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定。其发音以辅音开头，故填a。【39题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：火红色、奶油橙色、浓郁的绿色和亮黄色的条纹横贯山脉，形成了被称为最美丽的彩虹山。分析可知，此处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用what引导，指代事物，意为“……的事物”。故填what。【40题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：由于板块运动，砂岩和矿物多年来相互堆积，形成了令人难以置信的景观。谓语动词create和主语之间是被动关系，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为复数，主谓一致，故填werecreated。【41题详解】考查形容词。句意：风、雨和时间将岩石和起伏的山丘雕刻成各种不同寻常的形状，包括塔、柱和山谷的样子。修饰名词shapes应用形容词。其形容词两种形式均可，故填various/varied。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该地貌于2010年被联合国教科文组织宣布为世界遗产，2011年被宣布为国家地质公园，现已成为顶级旅游景点。此处为非谓语，动词declare和主语thelandform之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作状语。句首字母大写，故填Declared。【43题详解】考查名词。句意：同上。根据前文不定冠词a可知，此处应用其名词单数作表语。故填attraction。【44题详解】考查副词。句意：这里有专门设计的观景台，使游客能够在不破坏脆弱生态系统的情况下靠近山丘，欣赏壮丽的景色。修饰动词过去分词designed应用副词。故填specially。【45题详解】 考查代词it。句意：公园提供穿梭巴士服务，方便游客游览公园。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处应用it作形式宾语，真正宾语为动词不定式togetaroundthepark。故填it。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.最近，学生对于“海洋探索是否值得”进行讨论，请根据下表提供的信息介绍大家的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。不值得的理由值得的理由你的看法1.带来污染；2.破坏海洋动物栖息地。1.有助于解决因人口增长而带来的资源短缺问题；2.有利于气候变化等科学研究。……注意：1词数80左右；参考词汇：exploration(探索)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Recentlyourclasshadaheateddiscussiononwhethertheseaisworthexploring.Studentsholddifferentopinionsaboutit.Someassumeseaexplorationisnotworthwhile,holdingtheopinionthatitwillpollutethesea.Thosemarineanimals’habitatsarebeingdestroyed,whichwillcausethemtodieout.However,othersarguethattheseaisworthexploring,whichenablesustoaddresstheproblemofenergyshortagesbecauseofthegrowingpopulation.Meanwhile,itisalsobeneficialtothescientificresearchlikeclimatechange.Personallyspeaking,it’srewardingtoexploretheseaforthebenefitoffuturegenerations.Meanwhile,weshouldexploittheseaappropriately.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。要求考生介绍“海洋探索是否值得”进行讨论的不同观点并表达自己的看法。【详解】1.词汇积累观点：opinion→viewpoint然而：however→nevertheless 由于：becauseof→dueto同时：meanwhile→atthesametime2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Meanwhile,weshouldexploittheseaappropriately.拓展句：Meanwhile,weshouldexploittheseaappropriately,whichbenefitshumanity.【点睛】【高分句型1】Thosemarineanimals’habitatsarebeingdestroyed,whichwillcausethemtodieout.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)【高分句型2】Personallyspeaking,it’srewardingtoexploretheseaforthebenefitoffuturegenerations.(运用了it作形式主语，非谓语动词不定式作真正主语)第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。WhenIwasabouttenyearsold,mybrotherandIreceivedawonderfulgift—tennisracketsandballs.Wehadneverhadtheopportunitytoplaytennis,sothiswasexciting.However,therewasoneproblem—thesmalltownwelivedindidnothaveatenniscourt.OneSundaymorningmybrothersaid,“Hey,I’vegotanidea.Let’stakeourtennisracketsandballstotheschoolandhittheballsagainsttheschoolbuilding.”“Greatidea!Let’sgo,”Iagreed,notrealizingwhatalessonwewouldlearnbeforetheexperiencewasover.Whenwegottotheschoolground,noonewasaround,sowebeganhittingourballsagainstthesideofthetwo-storybrickbuilding.“I’llhititthefirsttime,”mybrothersuggested,“thenyouhititthenexttime.We’llhititbackandforthtoeachother.”Sowebegantakingturnshittingtheball,gettingmoreconfidentwitheachstroke.Actually,webecameprettygoodatreturningtheballandwewerehittingtheballhigherandfastereachtime.Suddenly,theunthinkablehappened—theballgotoutofcontrolandwentcrashingthroughoneoftheupstairswindows.Welookedaroundandnoonewasinsight—excepttherewasanoldmansttingonaporchhalfwaydowntheblock.Quietly,Iasked,“Nowwhatshouldwedo?Ourballisinsidetheschool.”“Well,”mybrotherresponded,“noonewillknowwhoseballitis.Andnoonesawus,exceptthatoldmandownthere.Andheprobablycan’tseethisfar.” “Heprobablydoesn’tknowwhoweareanyway,”Iadded.“Let’sgohome,”mybrothersuggested.“Okay,”Iagreed.“ShouldwetellMomandDad?”“Idon’tknow,”mybrotheranswered.Thenwepickeduptherestofourballsandheadedforhome,keepingsilentallthewaywithourheadsdrooping.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。“Whathappened?”askedmymother,seeingusinlowspirits.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ThefollowingmorningmybrotherandIwenttotheheadmaster’soffice.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】“Whathappened?”askedmymother,seeingusinlowspirits.“Well,”mybrotherslowlybegan,“wehitthetennisballtoohardandtoohighanditwentrightthroughtheschoolwindow”.“Oh,mygoodness!”mymotherexclaimed.Afterashortpause,hervoicesoftenedwhensheaskedusifwehadreportedthistotheschool.Lipsbitten,weshookourheads.“Itwillcostallofourpocketmoney”,Imuttered.“Butthereisalwayssomethingmoreimportantthanmoney”,shesaidsoothingly,pattingmeontheshoulder.Slowlyliftingmyhead,Iencounteredmymother’sencouragingeyesandadecisionwasmade.ThefollowingmorningmybrotherandIwenttotheheadmaster’soffice.Nervousandfrightened,weinchedintotheoffice.Theresatourstern-lookingheadmaster.“Wehavesomethingtoconfess...”,wespilledourstorywithahintoffearinourvoices.Helookedverysomberandweweresurethatthenewswasbad.Thenhesmiled,“Iamproudofyoukidsforhavingthecouragetotellmewhathappened”.Hecouldseeourreliefashecontinued,“Manywindowshadbeenbroken,butyouwerethefirstonestoadmitthatyouwereresponsible.Forthat,youdon’thave topayforthebrokenwindow,becausehonestycomesbeforeanythingelse”.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达以人物为线索，讲述了作者十岁时，和哥哥收到了一份网球和网球拍的礼物。两个人都很兴奋，但镇上没有网球场。后来两兄弟决定把网球带到学校，轮流对着学校建筑打球。慢慢地，两兄弟打得越来越好，也越来越有信心。就在这时，他们不小心把学校的窗户打碎了，而周围只有一个老人。两兄弟觉得老人也不一定看见了，于是装作什么也没发生的样子回家了。【详解】1.段落续写由第一段首句内容““发生了什么事？”看到我们情绪低落，母亲问道。”可知，第一段可描写两兄弟向母亲坦白事情的经过。由第二段首句内容“第二天早上，我和哥哥去了校长办公室。”可知，第二段可描写两兄弟去校长办公室道歉的经过。2.续写线索：讲述事情经过——鼓励道歉——去校长办公室——承认错误——原谅3.词汇激活行为类惊呼、突然呼叫：exclaim/shoutsuddenly小声嘀咕：mutter/chunter抬头：liftone’shead/raiseone’shead情绪类紧张的：nervous/anxious害怕的、恐惧的：frightened/afraid【点睛】【高分句型1】Afterashortpause,hervoicesoftenedwhensheaskedusifwehadreportedthistotheschool.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句和if引导的宾语从句)【高分句型2】Forthat,youdon’thavetopayforthebrokenwindow,becausehonestycomesbeforeanythingelse.(运用了because引导的原因状语从句)听力答案：1—5ACABB6—10CBBAC11—15CAABC16—20CBACB