湖南省长沙市明德中学2023-2024学年高二英语上学期第一次月考试卷（Word版附答案）

2023-2024-1明德中学高二上第一次月考英语时量：120分钟满分：150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABostonUniversity(BU)istest-optionalforfirst-yearinternationalapplicantsapplyingforfall2023.StudentswillberequiredtosubmittheTOEFL,IELTSorDETtestscoresastheprimarymeansforevaluatingEnglishlanguagecapacity.Highschoolrecords,teacherevaluationandyourfinancialdocumentsshallalsobeincludedinapplicantchecklist.ApplicantsmustdecideforthemselveswhethertoincludestandardizedtestscoreswiththeirBUapplication.StandardizedTestScoresBUacceptsself-reportedstandardizedtestscoresonyourapplication.Youmayalsosubmityourofficialtestscoresbythetestingagency,orthroughtheself-reportformontheMyBUApplicantPortal.Pleasenote:Ifyousubmitself-reportedstandardizedtestscores,anofficialscorereportfromthetestingagencywillberequiredbeforeregisteringatBU.Ifthescoresonthosedifferevenslightlyfromthescoresyouself-reportedearlier,yourapplicationwillmostlikelybedisqualified.HighSchoolReportsOfficialcopiesofyourhighschoolreportsmustbesubmittedbyaschoolofficial.Ifyouareadmittedinaninternationalcoursewithnationalexams,pleaseseeourHighSchoolCredentials(资格证书)pageforhowtosubmittheseofficialresults.FormostBUprograms,therecommendedhighschoolcoursesareasfollows:4yearsofEnglish,3-4yearsofmathematics,3-4yearsoflaboratoryscience,3-4yearsofhistoryand/orsocialscience.21.WhichareoptionalinapplyingtoBU?A.Financialdocuments.B.Highschoolrecords.C.Standardizedtestscores.D.Teacherevaluationreports.22.Whatmaycauseafailureinyourapplication?A.Updatingapplicantinformation.B.Submittinginconsistenttestresults.C.TakingdifferentEnglishlanguagetests.D.ReportingscoresontheMyBUApplicantPortal.23.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Testorganizers.B.Primarystudents.C.Collegeprofessors.D.Internationalapplicants.BRecently,the“citywalk”hasbeengainingsteamamongresidentsandtouristsaroundChina.OnsocialplatformXiaohongshu,datashowsthatthenumberofcitywalk-relatedtopicpostshasincreasedby700percentoverthepastthreemonths,andthetotalnumberofinteractionshasincreasedbymorethan600percent. AcitywalkisaformofurbantourismoriginatingintheUK.Unliketraditionalsightseeing,whichaimstohitfamousattractionsandcommercialcenter,usuallybyvehicleswithtenseschedules,citywalkisabout“roaming”aroundacityonfoot,soakinguptheatmosphereandfindingunusualthingsthatevenaresidentofthecitymightnothavenoticedbefore.Suchwalksgenerallyavoidfamousscenicspotsandshoppingcenters,andtakeyoutoplaceswhereyoucanhaverealinteractionswiththelocalpeople,eatatsmallbutauthenticrestaurants,andgainadeeperunderstandingofthehistoryandcultureofthecity.Citywalkersareacastofpeoplewhopossessintensecuriosity.Theyareeagertoengagewiththecitytheyarevisitingorresideintheirownway.By“roaming”onfoot,citywalkerscanbetterfeelthetextureandlistentothebreathofaplace.Theyseekpleasuremorethroughconnectionthanconsumption,whichindicatesadeepculturalcuriosity.Forexample,inChongqing,ifyoudon’ttakeawalk,youcanhardlyexperiencetheuniquegeographicalcharmofthemountainouscity.BeitthehutonginBeijingortheChineseparasoltreedistrictinShanghai;citywalksallowpeopletoseethesceneryapartfromthesceneanduncoverhiddenknowledge.Theappealofacitywalkliesintheyounggeneration’schangingattitudetowardlife—pursuingqualityleisuretimewhilebeingoccupiedwithdemandingworkloadsandlimitedtimeforexploration.Whileroamingalongtheroad,youcanentirelyfocusonyourselfandlistentoyourinnervoiceandcareforwhatyoufeel,whichisawaytoloveyourselfandbenefityourmentalhealth.JustlikeOscarWildeoncesaid,“Toloveoneselfisthebeginningofalifelongromance.”24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“gainingsteam”inparagraphoneprobablymean?A.Raisingconcerns.B.Gettingoutdated.C.Causingtrouble.D.Receivingpopularity.25.Howdoesthecitywalkdifferfromtraditionalsightseeing?A.Itpursueseconomicaltourism.B.Itisusuallywell-organizedandscheduled.C.Ithelpspromotetheauthenticfoodofthedestination.D.Itfocusesonfeelingthelocalculturebyconnectingthecity.26.Whatdoweknowaboutcitywalkers?A.Theyarekeentobuysouvenirs.B.Theytendtowalkasmuchaspossible.C.Theyhavestrongcuriosityaboutthelocalculture.D.Theypreferthecitylandscapetothenaturalscenery.27.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whycitywalkchangespeople’slifestyle.B.Whytheyoungfallinlovewithacitywalk.C.Howpopularthecitywalkisamongcitizens.D.Whatyoungpeopleusuallydoduringacitywalk.CInrecentyears,labelshaveincreasinglybeenusedbythefoodindustry.Whether“non-GMO”or“zerotransfat”,“noaddedhormones”or“sugar-free”,consumersaredemandingmoreinformationaboutwhat’sintheirfood.AreportbyNielsenfoundthat39percentofconsumerswouldswitchfromthebrandstheycurrentlybuytoothersthatprovideclearer,moreaccurateproductinformation.Foodmanufacturersareusingthenewlabelstomeetconsumers’demand,withaneyetowardsgivingtheirproductsalegupoverthecompetition,andtheirbottomlinesaboostaswell.Onitsface,thenewmarketingstrategymakessense.Buttheseso-called“absenceclaims”labelsareharmfulbothtotheconsumerswhopurchasetheproductsandtheindustrythatsuppliesthem.Forexample,Hunt’sputa“non-GMO”labelonitstomatoesafewyearsago—despitethefactthat,atthetime,therewasnosuchthingasa GMOtomatoonthemarket.Overthelongterm,thisstrategywillhavetheoppositeeffect:bycreatingfear,weruntheriskofdamagingconsumers’trust.Eventually,itbecomesaquestioninconsumers’minds:ShouldIhaveeverbeeneatingthesefoodsinthefirstplace?Bypurchasingandconsumingthesetypesofproducts,haveIalreadydonesomekindofharmtome?Forfoodmanufacturers,itwilldamageconsumers’trust,whichinturnwouldlowersalesforthewholefoodindustry.Andthisisn’tjustsupposition.ArecentstudybyagroupofacademicsattheUniversityofDelawarefoundthat“absenceclaims”labelscanstigmatize(污名化)foodproducedwithconventionalprocessesevenwhenthereisnoscientificevidencethattheycauseharm.Inadditiontothelikelynegativelong-termimpactonsales,itsendsamessagethatinnovationsinfarmingandfoodprocessingareunwelcome,eventuallyleadingtolessefficiency,fewerchoicesforconsumers,and,ultimately,morecostlyfoodproducts.Therefore,it’sclearthatfoodmanufacturersmustbecarefulwhenusing“absenceclaims”asamarketingstrategy.Ifweallowthiskindoflabelfear-mongeringtocontinue,theloserswillbeallofus.28.Whatisfoodmanufacturers’newmarketingstrategy?A.Handingoutfreesamplesforconsumerstotaste.B.Usingcreativewrapperstoeachcustomers’eyes.C.Attractingconsumersbylabelling“absenceclaims”.D.Offeringmoredetailedgoodsinformationtocustomers.29.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoindicatebymentioningHunt’s?A.TheHunt’stakesaleadinthefood-marketingstrategy.B.Productswithout“non-GMO”labelsareusuallyunhealthy.C.Consumerstendtopurchaseproductswith“absenceclaims”labels.D.The“absenceclaims”labelswillhavenegativeeffectsonconsumers.30.Whatimpactdoesthenewmarketingstrategyhaveonfoodmanufacturers?A.Itwillcutdownthesalesoftheirfoodproducts.B.Itwillhelpremovethestigmaoftheirbrandhistory.C.Itwilldamagethetrustoftheircooperativepartners.D.Itmightincreasetheconsumptionoffoodprocessing.31.Whatdoestheauthoradvisefoodmanufacturerstodo?A.Increasefoodchoicesforconsumers.B.Use“absenceclaims”labelscautiously.C.Improvetheefficiencyoffoodproduction.D.Innovatetheprocessingmethodsoffoodproducts.DThecommonlyheldbeliefthatittakes21daystoformanewhabitcanbetracedbacktoa1960bookbyplasticsurgeonMaxwelMaltzcalledPsycho-Cybernetics.Inhisworktreatingpatientswhohadgonethroughfacialreconstructionsurgery,Maltznoticedthatittypicallytookaroundthreeweeksforthemtoadjusttoseeingtheirnewfacesinthemirror.Healsofoundthatindividualswhohadlostalimbstillsensed“phantom(幻觉的)”painsinthemissingarmorlegforabout21days.Basedontheseperceptions(认知)ofrecoverytimeaftersignificantphysicalchanges,Maltztheorizedinhisbookthatitlikelytakesaminimumof21daysfortheneurologicalpathwaysinourbrainsassociatedwitholdbehaviorsandhabitstogoaway,andfornewmentalimagesandroutinestotakefirmroot.Thisideaofastandardized21-dayformationperiodforhabitssoonbecamewidelyaccepted.However,Maltzwasdrawingcausalinferencesratherthanconductingstrictscientificresearch.Itwasn’tuntil2010thathealthpsychologistPhillippaLallyatUniversityCollegeLondondecidedtoproperlystudyhabitformation timelines.Shedesignedayear-longexperimentthattracked96participantsastheyeachestablishedasinglenewhabitoftheirchoosing.Everyday,subjectsreportedonwhethertheysuccessfullyperformedtheirintendedbehaviorthatdayaswellashowautomatictheactionfelt.Lally’findingsrevealedthatonaverage,ittook66daysbeforeahabitbecameanormalpartofaroutineandfeltautomatic.Butresultsvariedwidely,withhabitsforminganywherefrom18daysupto254daysbetweenindividuals.Consistencywasthekeyfactorinsuccessfullymakingabehaviorhabitual,withsometimesmissingdaysnotstoppingoverallprogress.Thislandmarkstudydisprovedtheassumed21-daystandardandshowedthatawiderangeoftimelinesarenormal.Ultimately,committingtoconsistentlypracticinganewbehaviorformonths,notweeks,iswhatallowsrealhabitchangeandimprovementtooccurnaturallyinthebrain.Understandinghabitformationasagradual,individualizedprocesshelpspeopledeveloppositiveroutineswithoutunrealisticexpectations.32.WhatisMaltz’sassumptionbasedon?A.Anintensivesurvey.B.Psychologicalwork.C.Thestrictscientificresearch.D.Hispersonalobservations.33.WhydidLally’steamconducttheresearch?A.ToproveMaltz’stheoryonhabitformation.B.Toidentifytimelinesforestablishingnewhabits.C.Toexplorethefactorsinaffectinghabitformation.D.Topresentadvantagesofdevelopinggoodbehavior.34.WhatdoweknowaboutLally’sfindings?A.Therearelargeindividualdifferencesinforminghabits.B.Mostparticipantstook66daystomakeabehaviorhabitual.C.Itishardertoformanewhabitthantopersistwithanoldone.D.Occasionalstopshaveabigeffectontheprogressofhabitformation.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WhatIstheKeytoFormaNewHabit?B.HowDoWeDevelopPositiveRoutines?C.WhenIstheBestTimetoStartaNewHabit?D.DoesItReallyTake21DaystoBuildaNewHabit?第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Havinggoodworkingrelationshipswithyourcoworkersisimportant.Unfortunately,somecoworkerscanberude,orunprofessional.It’seasytogetstressedandstrugglewithproductivitywhenyou’resufferingabadworkrelationship.36Oneeasiestwaytoavoidtroubleissimplytoavoidthemwhenyoucan.Stayawayfromdifficultcoworkersifyoudon’thavetoworkwiththemdirectly.Limityourinteractions.37Whenyoudoneedtospeakwiththem,keepthediscussionbriefbutpleasant.38Dependingonthesituation,it’shealthiesttoletgoofyourangerwhenacolleagueactsout.Theirbadbehaviorisn’tyourfault.Aslongasitdoesn’tinterferewithyourwork,it’snotyourproblem.Insteadoftakingtheirbehaviorpersonally,ignoreitandmoveon.Fightacoworker’snegativitywithyourownoptimisticperspective.Doesyourcoworkerseemtocomplainconstantly?39Yourcoworkerwillgettheinformationifyouwiselychangethetopicorofferanoppositepositivepointofview.Withoutsomeonetofueltheirnegativity,they’llgetboredandmoveon.Understandingandempathizingwiththemmakesiteasiertogetalong.Asyoulearnaboutyourcoworker,you’ll alsogaininsightintowhytheybehavethewaytheydo.40Yourrelationshipmayimprovewhenyoucanempathizewiththeirsituation.A.Ifso,buildapositiveattitudeinresponse.B.Trydevelopingafewcopingmethodstohelpyou.C.Thankfully,therearewaystoimprovethesituation.D.Thenyou’llreducetheamountoffrustrationyoufeel.E.Theymightbeoverworked,orgoingthrougharoughtime.F.Gettoknowyourcoworkersoyoucanunderstandwhytheyactthatway.G.Lettingbadbehaviorsliderightoffyourshouldersisoftentheeasiestway.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IstartedworkingattheUniversityofLeedstwoyearsago.41thattheBusinessConfuciusInstitutewasofferingChineseeveningclassesontheuniversitycampus,Idecidedto42abeginnerclass.MyfirstclasstookplaceinJanuary2023andIattendedonelessonaweek,eachlastingoneandahalfhours.MyChineseteacher,Mr.Kong,washighly43andengaging.Eachclasshewouldteachuslotsofnewwordsand44,andthengetustoactthemoutinroleplays45basicChineseintroductionsandconversations,asifhewouldnevergettired.AftereachlessonIfeltasthoughmy46hadbeenplacedinadeepfatfryer(锅)foralongperiodoftime.Despitetheseinitial47,Imadeprogressgradually.Begantorealizethatthemoremybrain48immediatelyafterclass,themoreinformationIhad49.Betweenweeklyclassesmymindwouldreorderandmakesenseofthechaos.IfoundthatChinesephrasesornurserythymeswehad50wouldpopunexpectedlyintomyheadat51moments,suchaswhenintheshoweroronthewaytowork.IfoundthatlearningChinsewasmucheasierandmuchharderthanIhadthoughtit.ItismucheasierbecauseChinese52—atleastatbeginnerlevel—issignificantlysimplerthanEnglishorSpanish,bothofwhichhavecomplicatedgrammaticalrules.Itisharderbecausereadingandwritingtoadecentstandard53thememorizationofsome3,000characters.Itisareal54enemyforthemomentbutIamdeterminedto55himoneday.41.A.StudyingB.RealizingC.NoticingD.Wondering42.A.puttothetestB.signupforC.takeintoaccountD.settledownin43.A.energeticB.optimisticC.excellentD.intelligent44.A.rulesB.novelsC.vocabularyD.phrases45.A.recitingB.practisingC.creatingD.reading46.A.heartB.soulC.bodyD.brain47.A.successesB.achievementsC.challengesD.surprises48.A.matteredB.achedC.roseD.flew49.A.absorbedB.forgottenC.predictedD.occupied50.A.regrettedB.intendedC.coveredD.pretended51.A.randomB.casualC.deliberateD.intentional52.A.characterB.pronunciationC.dictationD.grammar53.A.assessesB.ignoresC.involvesD.concludes54.A.mercifulB.toughC.riskyD.mature55.A.guaranteeB.appreciateC.overcomeD.conquer 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ButterflyLovers,amasterpiece56reallydeservestobeheard,isabeautifulviolinconcertocomposedbyHeZhanhaoandChenGang.ThemusiccombinesChineseandWesternmusicalelements:itisplayed57Westernmusicalinstrumentssuchastheviolin.Butmore58(significant),muchofthemusichasitsrootsinChineseYueOpera.Ittakestheaudiencethroughthetwistsandturnsofaclassicstoryaboutayoungcouple59(tear)apartbytheirfamilies.WhenthetwoloversLiangShanboandZhuYingtaifirstmeet,themusicislightandpleasant,asif60(whisper)totheaudience.Thetunesthenbecomefastandcheerful61(represent)theirthreehappyyearsofschool.Laterthemusicgetsdramaticwithheaviernotesandthatis62theloversareseparated.Angryandsad,Liangfallssickanddies.Overcomewithsorrow,Zhujumpsintohisgrave.Finally,duringthemostexcitingpart,themusictakesa63(soft)turnandendsonabittersweetnote,tellingushowthecoupletransformintobutterfliesandflyawaytobetogetherforever.What64amazingjourney!Nowonderit65(praise)asoneofthegreatestconcertossinceitwascreated.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）66.假定你是李华，是某中学的一名高二学生。学校即将举行一年一度的美食节，美食节上有来自湖南和全国各地的特色美食展示与推荐。与此同时，为了增进对各地美食的了解，美食节设定了英语写作竞赛环节，参赛者按如下提示给英语老师Simon写一封邮件，进行具体推荐。1.推荐美食的名称及推荐的理由；2.推荐美食的外貌、气味、口味等相关特征；3.推荐美食的其他信息。注意：1.词数应为80词左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearSimon,Yourssincerely,LiHua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Ihadalovelypiggybank,whichmyfathersentmeasabirthdaygift.Throughanopeningonthetopofitonecouldputmoneyin,buttheopeningwasnotbigenoughtoreachinandgetthemoneyout.Theonlywaytogetatthemoneywastobreakthepiggybankopen.Myfatherexplainedthatwasthewholeidea:thepiggybankwouldhelpsavemymoneysothat,attheendoftheyear,ImighthaveenoughforthatbikeIdreamtabout.HeaskedifI wouldputsomeofthemoneyhegavemeintothepiggybank.IagreedimmediatelyandpromisedthatIwouldn’tbreakitopenuntilIcouldaffordmydreambike.Eachtimehefundmealittlebitofmoney,hewouldsay,“Thisisforspending.Butyoucansavesomeandputitinthepiggybankifyouwanttosaveitup.”Whenhegavemelargeramounts,itwasclearlyforsavinginthepiggybank.Forsometime,thisworkedfine.Ilovedshakingthepiggybankandhearingthesoundofthecoins.Asitbecameheavier,Igrewmoreexcited,dreamingaboutbuyingmynewbike,andalltheadventuresIcouldhaveonit.EachtimeIwantedtotakesomemoneyfromthepiggybanktobuydeliciouspizzaorbeautifulpencilsharpener,Iwouldimagineridingmybikeonthestreet,andthinkingofthat,mythoughtsaboutpizzaorpencilsharpenerwentaway.Soforalmostsixmonths,Ionlyputmoneyintothepiggybankwithouttakinganyout.IthoughtIwouldn’tbreakmypiggybankforanything.Butonedaysomethingunexpectedhappened.Isawapieceofnewsonthetelevisionthataseriousearthquakehadhappenedinanearbyprovince.Asmanyhousesweredestroyed,alotofchildrenbecamehomeless.Seeingtheirshabbyclothesandcryingfaces,Iwassleeplessthatnight.注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。Paragraph1:IknewIshoulddosomething.Paragraph2:Myfatherwassurprisedbymybehavior. 2023-2024-1明德中学高二上第一次月考（参考答案）第一部分听力略第二部分阅读第一节短文理解21—23CBD24—27DDCB28—31CDAB32—35DBAD第二节七选五36—40CDGAE第三部分语言运用第一节完形填空41—45CBADB46—50DCBAC51—55ADCBD第二节语法填空56.that/which57.on58.significantly59.torn60.whispering61.torepresent62.when63.softer64.an65.hasbeenpraised第四部分写作第一节DearSimon,Itisagreathonorformetorecommendmyfavorite“StinkyTofu”toyou.I’llgiveyouadetaileddescriptionofit.OfallthefoodsIhaveevertried,stinkytofuismyfavorite.Itisblackishorgoldenbrown.Asthenamesuggests,thesmellisterriblebutsurprisingly,thetasteisactuallyquitemild.Ittasteslikefriedtofuwithmoreofalittlesweetnessandthesaucemakesittasteevenmoredelicious.Deep-friedstinkytofuisfirmontheoutsidebutsoftandjuicyontheinside.NowIcantellthedifferencesbetweenvariousversionsofitandlikealloftheiruniqueflavorsaswellastheirdistinctivesmells.Tosumup,Ibelieveyouwillenjoystinkytofutothefullestandnotmissit.Yourssincerely,LiHua第二节IknewIshoulddosomething.IwenttomypiggybankandwasabouttobreakitopenandwithdrawmoneywhenmymindcamebacktothebikeIwantedtobuy,andIhesitated.Butthinkingofthelookintheeyesofthechildrenhopingforhelpintheearthquake,Ipluckedupmycourage,grabbedthepiggybankandthrewittotheground.Suddenly,thecoinsrolledalloverthefloor.Hearingthestrangeandloudnoise,myfatherdashedoutofhisroom.