山东省威海市2023届高三英语二模试题（Word版附解析）

2023年威海市高考模拟考试英语本试卷共8页。满分120分。考试用时100分钟。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。注意事项：1.答卷前，务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号填写在答题卡上。2.选择题，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。笔答题，用0.5亮米黑色签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A2023hasarrivedwithawealthoffilmsscheduledtobereleased.Herearethreeofthemthatyoumightbeinterestedin.◆Spider-Man:AcrosstheSpider-VerseDirectedby:JoaquimDosSantosOpeningin:June2023TheoriginalOscar-winninganimated(动画的)Spider-Man:IntotheSpider-versewasabighitwhenreleasedin2018,anditssequel,AcrosstheSpider-Verseisoneofthemosthoped-forfilmsof2023.Thefirsttrailerdidnotprovidemuchinsightintothestoryofthemovie,butitdidrevealthedifferentSpidercharactersthatMileswillbecomingintocontactwith.◆OppenheimerDirectedby:ChristopherNolanOpeningin:July2023Oppenheimerisanewbiopic(传记电影)onphysicistand“fatheroftheatomicbomb”J.RobertOppenheimer.Thedirectorclaimsthatitwasquitethechallengeindeedtoattempttosimulate(模拟)anuclearexplosionwithouttheuseofCGIanimationduringoneofthecrucialscenesfromthefilm.LikevirtuallyallofNolan’sfilms,thisIMAX-shotfilmshouldbeseenonthebiggestscreenavailable.◆Dune:PartTwoDirectedby:DenisVilleneuve Openingin:November2023AfterthesuccessofDune:PartOne,Dune:PartTwohasbeenofficiallygreenlit.ExceptfortheStarWarsfilmseries,nootherworkhascontinuedtohaveabiggerinfluenceovertheworldofsciencefictionthanthisseries.DirectorDenisVilleneuveclaimsthefilmwillcovertherestofthewriter’s1965masterpiece.AsDenisVilleneuveoncesaid,“I’velivedwithDuneformostofmylife.Beingpatientispartofthejourney.”Thatpatienceshouldpayoffwiththesecondpartofhissci-fiepic.1.WhatchallengedthedirectormostduringfilmingOppenheimer?A.Filmingintoughlandscapes.BFindingtherightleadingactor.C.Creatingrealisticspecialeffects.D.ShootingbattlesceneswithIMAX.2.WhattypeisthemovieDune:PartTwo?A.Acartoon.B.Asci-fi.C.Abiopic.D.Athriller.3.Whatinformationismentionedaboutallthemoviesabove?A.Filmstudio.B.Mainplot.C.Runningtime.D.Releasetime.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2023年三个人们可能感兴趣的电影。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据◆Oppenheimer部分中的“Thedirectorclaimsthatitwasquitethechallengeindeedtoattempttosimulate(模拟)anuclearexplosionwithouttheuseofCGIanimationduringoneofthecrucialscenesfromthefilm.(导演声称，在电影中的一个关键场景中，如果不使用CGI动画来模拟核爆炸，确实是一个相当大的挑战。)”可知，在制作Oppenheimer这部电影中，导演面临最大的挑战是制作逼真的特效。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据◆Dune:PartTwo部分中的“Thatpatienceshouldpayoffwiththesecondpartofhissci-fiepic.(这种耐心应该会在他的科幻史诗的第二部分得到回报。)”可知，Dune:PartTwo是科幻电影，故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据◆Spider-Man:AcrosstheSpider-Verse中的“Openingin:June2023(开幕日期：2023年 6月)”，◆Oppenheimer部分中的“Openingin:July2023(开幕日期：2023年7月)”和◆Dune:PartTwo中的“Openingin:November2023(开幕日期：11月)”可知，文中这几部电影都提到了其发布日期，故选D。BMassimoBottura,athree-Michelin-Starredchef,hasextendedhisculinary(烹饪的)empireglobally.However,hesaysthatthepeakofallofhisachievementsisMilan’sRefettorioAmbrosianoandthefollowing12globalbranches.AtRefettorioAmbrosiano,dinnerguestsaregreetedbyname.Theydineonfinechinaattablescreatedbythecountry’smostsought-afterfurnituredesigners.Thewaitersarepolite,andthechefshavebeentrainedunderthefinestrestaurateursintheworld.Thesetmenuchangeseveryday,dependingonwhatcomesinwiththemorning’sdelivery.Thismorning’sdeliverycontainsdryarugula(芝麻菜),chickenclosetoitssell-bydateandtoo-ugly-to-be-soldoranges.Bydinner,however,thesupermarketcastoffshavebeentransformedintoathree-coursemeal.The100orsodiners—refugees,thehomeless,andtheunemployed—enjoythemealwithobviouspleasure,laughingwiththevolunteerwaiters,praisingthevolunteerchefs,andforgetting,atleastforanhour,thechallengesofalifelivedonthestreets.ThebrightestgemsinBottura’sculinaryempirearenotrestaurantsatall.Hethinksofthemasspacesthatshinealightonthedignityoftheirguestswhilefocusingattentiononthefood-wasteproblembyturningfoodsthatwereotherwisegoingtobeheadedtowardrubbishbinsintoMichelinGuide-worthymeals.BoturafirstthoughtofRefettorioAmbrosianoasapop-upconceptforthe2015WorldExpoinMilan.Theorganizershadinvitedhimtocookforthegrandopening.Botturaproposedsomethingdifferent.Hewantedtoinvitetheworld’sbestchefstocookwithhimforthecity’shomeless,usingleftovers.Thatideasoongotsupportedandturnedintosomethingmorepermanent.TodaytheRefettoriois“amovement,”Botturasays.“Itisamodelforfightingfoodwasteandisolationonthefrontlines.Anditstartsbylookingatanoldcarrotorapieceofhardbreadandcatchingsightofgold.”4.HowdotheRefettorioAmbrosianosdifferfromBottura’sotherrestaurants?A.Thewaitersarewell-trained.B.Thetablesarecustom-made.C.Theyarethree-Michelin-starred.D.Dailydeliverydecidesthesetmenu. 5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheeventatRefettorioAmbrosiano?A.Aneveninggatheringforlocalchefs.B.AcharitysaleofsupermarketcastoffsC.Awealthymealfortheless-fortunate.D.Avolunteertrainingforthehomeless6.WhatdoesBotturathinkoftheRefettorio?A.It’shisbestprofitablerestaurant.B.It’sagoodprojectforfoodsafety.C.It’sapop-upconcepttoextendhisbusiness.D.It’swin-winfortheenvironmentandsociety.7.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.LessWaste,MoreTaste.B.ADinnerofDignityC.BestRestaurant,BestService.D.ThePowerofFood【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了米其林三星级厨师MassimoBottura创办了RefettorioAmbrosiano餐厅，用超市里丢弃的食物为一些难民，无家可归者和失业者提供美味的大餐，这减少了食物浪费。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thesetmenuchangeseveryday,dependingonwhatcomesinwiththemorning’sdelivery.(套餐每天都在变化，这取决于早上送来的是什么。)”可知，RefettorioAmbrosianos餐厅与Bottura的其他餐厅的不同之处在于套餐是由每天的送货来决定的。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“The100orsodiners—refugees,thehomeless,andtheunemployed—enjoythemealwithobviouspleasure,laughingwiththevolunteerwaiters,praisingthevolunteerchefs,andforgetting,atleastforanhour,thechallengesofalifelivedonthestreets.(大约100名用餐者，包括难民、无家可归者和失业者，享受着这顿美餐，他们与志愿服务员一起大笑，称赞志愿者厨师，至少在一个小时内，他们忘记了街头生活的挑战。)”可知，为不幸的人准备的丰盛大餐，能最好的描述在RefettorioAmbrosiano餐厅发生的事，故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today,theRefettoriois“amovement,”Botturasays.“Itisamodelforfightingfoodwasteandisolationonthefrontlines.Anditstartsbylookingatanoldcarrotorapieceofhardbreadandcatchingsightofgold.”(今天，Refettorio是一场“运动”，Bottura说。“这是在第一线与食品浪费和隔离 作斗争的一个模式。它开始于看着一根老胡萝卜或一块硬面包，然后看到金子。”)”和上文提到的Refettorio为难民、无家可归者和失业者提供大餐可推知，Refettorio对环境和社会都是双赢的。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“However,hesaysthatthepeakofallofhisachievementsisMilan’sRefettorioAmbrosianoandthefollowing12globalbranches.(然而，他说他最大的成就是米兰的RefettorioAmbrosiano和接下来的12个全球分支机构。)”，第三段“Thismorning’sdeliverycontainsdryarugula(芝麻菜),chickenclosetoitssell-bydateandtoo-ugly-to-be-soldoranges.Bydinner,however,thesupermarketcastoffshavebeentransformedintoathree-coursemeal.The100orsodiners—refugees,thehomeless,andtheunemployed—enjoythemealwithobviouspleasure,laughingwiththevolunteerwaiters,praisingthevolunteerchefs,andforgetting,atleastforanhour,thechallengesofalifelivedonthestreets.(今天早上送来的货包括接近保质期的干芝麻菜鸡和难看到不能卖的橙子。然而，到了晚餐时，超市里丢弃的食物已经变成了三道菜的大餐。大约100名用餐者，包括难民、无家可归者和失业者，享受着这顿美餐，他们与志愿服务员一起大笑，称赞志愿厨师，至少在一个小时内，他们忘记了街头生活的挑战。)”和第四段中“Hethinksofthemasspacesthatshinealightonthedignityoftheirguestswhilefocusingattentiononthefood-wasteproblembyturningfoodsthatwereotherwisegoingtobeheadedtowardrubbishbinsintoMichelinGuide-worthymeals.(他认为这是一个照亮客人尊严的空间，同时关注食物浪费问题，把本来要被扔进垃圾桶的食物变成米其林指南中值得一吃的食物。)”可知，文章主要讲述了米其林三星级厨师MassimoBottura创办了RefettorioAmbrosiano餐厅，用超市里丢弃的食物为一些难民，无家可归者和失业者提供美味的大餐，这减少了食物浪费，A项“少浪费，更多美味。”适合做文章标题，故选A。CYoungandoldalikecanbecrazyaboutanewfindingbyresearchersatOhioStateUniversityandtheUniversityofChicago.Thereishopeforusallwhenitcomestocreativity,theysay.Accordingtothestudy,whichfocusedonthe31mostnotableNobelPrizewinnersineconomics,therearetwotypesofcreativitythatcanblossomatdifferentpointsinaperson’slife.Conceptualinnovatorstendtodotheirbestworkintheirmid-twenties,whileexperimentalinnovatorspeakintheirfifties.Theyexplaininthepaperthatthereareconceptualthinkers,whoseektocommunicatespecificideasoremotionsandhaveprecisegoalsfortheirworks,planningthemcarefullyinadvance,andcarryingthemoutsystematically.PabloPicassoandAlbertEinsteinbothdidtheirgreatestworkinyouth.However,experimentalinnovatorsbuildontheirknowledgeandaccepttheoriesthroughouttheircareersandultimatelyfindnewandinnovativewaystoanalyze thatknowledge.Thesethinkerstendtodotheirbestworklaterinlife.ThepapercitesVirginiaWoolfandCharlesDarwinaslatebloomers.Thestudystates,“Manyscholarsbelievethatcreativityisonlyassociatedwithyouth.Two54-year-oldHarvardscholarsweredeniedoffersoftenuredprofessorships(终身教授)duetoconcernsoftheso-calledproblemof“extinctvolcanoes.”Theirfindingssuggestthatthiskindofbiased(有偏见的)thinkingleadstobaddecisions.Itignoresthefactthattherearedifferenttypesofinnovatorsandthatdifferentproblemsdemanddifferentkindsofcontributionsandsolutions.Theyhopetheirworkwillgraduallyremovetheworld’sfavoritismforprecociousgeniuses(早熟的天才)anditsignoranceofthecreativitythatcomeswithage.Weinberg,theco-authorofthestudy,said,“Webelievewhatwefoundinthisstudyisn’tlimitedtoeconomics,butcouldapplytocreativitymoregenerally.”8.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlined“blossom”?A.Fullydevelop.B.Suddenlychange.C.Graduallyfade.D.Repeatedlyemerge.9.Whatdeterminesaperson’smostcreativeperiodaccordingtothestudy?A.Ageorcareer.B.Educationbackground.C.Typeofthinking.D.Exposuretodiverseideas.10.Whatdoesthewriterwanttostressinthelastparagraph?A.Creativitybreedssuccess.B.Creativityknowsnoagelimit.C.Solutionsneeddiversecreativity.D.Favoritismforgeniuseslimitscreativity.11.What’sthewriter’sattitudetothenewfindings?A.Doubtful.B.Objective.C.Positive.D.Critical.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了俄亥俄州立大学和芝加哥大学的研究人员发现，创造力没有年龄限制，我们所有人都有希望有创造力。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“Conceptualinnovatorstendtodotheirbestworkintheirmid-twenties,whileexperimentalinnovatorspeakintheirfifties.(概念创新者往往在25岁左右做最好的工作，而实验创新者则在50岁左右达到顶峰。)”和划线单词所在句子“therearetwotypesofcreativitythatcanblossomatdifferent pointsinaperson’slife.(在一个人的一生中，有两种类型的创造力可以在不同的时刻blossom。)”可知，概念创新者往往在25岁左右做最好的工作，而实验创新者则在50岁左右达到顶峰，这说明具有这两种创造力的人在不同的时刻会做到最好，即得到充分发展，所以画线单词“blossom”与A项“充分发展”意思一样，故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Theyexplaininthepaperthatthereareconceptualthinkers,whoseektocommunicatespecificideasoremotionsandhaveprecisegoalsfortheirworks,planningthemcarefullyinadvance,andcarryingthemoutsystematically.PabloPicassoandAlbertEinsteinbothdidtheirgreatestworkinyouth.(他们在论文中解释说，有一些概念思想家，他们试图传达具体的想法或情感，并为他们的工作有明确的目标，事先仔细计划，并系统地执行它们。巴勃罗·毕加索和阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦都在青年时期完成了他们最伟大的作品。)”可推知，根据这项研究，一个人最具创造力的时期是由思考方式来决定的，故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Theyhopetheirworkwillgraduallyremovetheworld’sfavoritismforprecociousgeniuses(早熟的天才)anditsignoranceofthecreativitythatcomeswithage.(他们希望他们的工作将逐渐消除世界对早熟天才的偏爱以及对随着年龄增长而产生的创造力的无知。)”可知，作者想在最后一段强调创造力没有年龄限制。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Theirfindingssuggestthatthiskindofbiased(有偏见的)thinkingleadstobaddecisions.Itignoresthefactthattherearedifferenttypesofinnovatorsandthatdifferentproblemsdemanddifferentkindsofcontributionsandsolutions.(他们的发现表明，这种有偏见的想法会导致错误的决定。它忽略了这样一个事实，即有不同类型的创新者，不同的问题需要不同类型的贡献和解决方案。)”可知，作者认为这项新的研究既有有点也有缺点，由此可推知，作者对该项新研究的观点是客观的，故选B。DNetwork-basedtechnologieshavebecomeincreasinglywidespread,andtheyarenowbeingusedbycountlessindividuals,professionals,andbusinessesworldwide.Despitetheiradvantages,mostnetwork-basedsystemsarehighlyatriskofmalicious(恶意的)attacks.Theconsequencesofamaliciousattackonnetwork-basedsystemscanbeextremelyharmful.Forinstance,anattackonapowerplantnetworkcouldleavemillionsofindividualsandofficeswithoutelectricity,whileattacksonsocialmedianetworkscanleadtoexposureofuserinformation.Toovercometheweaknessesofnetwork-basedsystems,computerscientistsworldwidehavebeentryingtodevelopadvancedintrusiondetectionsystems(IDSs)(入侵检测系统)thatcouldhelptoidentifymaliciousattacks, increasinganetwork’ssafety.Inrecentyears,machinelearning(ML)algorithms(机器学习算法)havebeenfoundtobeparticularlypromisingforautomaticallydetectingattacksandintrusionsonanetwork’sfunctioning.AnimportantstepinthedevelopmentandtrainingofML-basedIDSsistheselectionofdatafeaturesthatamodelcanrelyorfocusonwhenmakingpredictions.Ideallybyanalyzinglargedatasets,researchersshouldbeabletoidentifythemostsuitablefeaturesforsolvingagiventaskusingMLtools,andthiscanalsobeappliedtointrusiondetection.ResearchersatCanadianUniversityDubaiintheUAEhaverecentlydevelopedanewfeatureselectionmethodthatcouldenablethedevelopmentofmoreeffectiveML-basedIDSs.Thismethodwasfoundtoperformremarkablywellwhencomparedwithothercommonlyemployedfeatureselectiontechniques.Usingthefeaturestheyidentifiedasmostimportantforintrusiondetection,theresearcherscreatedahighlyefficientML-baseddetectionsystem.ThissystemwasfoundtobecapableofdistinguishingbetweenDDoSattacksandharmlessnetworksignalswith99%accuracy.Inthefuture,thefeatureselectionmethoddevelopedbytheresearchersandtheirfindingscouldhelpthedevelopmentofnew,highlyeffectiveIDSs.Inaddition,thesystemtheycreatedusingthefeaturestheyidentifiedcouldbeappliedinreal-worldsettingstodetectmaliciousattacksonrealnetworks.12.Whatdoesparagraph1focusonaboutnetwork-basedtechnologies?A.Theirtargetedusers.B.Theirpopularity.C.Theirpotentialrisk.D.Theiradvantages.13.HowcanIDSsincreasethesafetyofnetworks?A.Bytrackingmaliciousattacks.B.Bystartinganti-virusprograms.C.Bysortingoutuserinformation.D.Byrecognizingmaliciousattacks.14.WhatisthekeytothedevelopmentofML-basedIDSs?A.Solvinggiventasks.B.Selectingreliabledatafeatures.C.Makingaccuratepredictions.D.Analyzinglargeenoughdatasets.15.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.TointroduceanewtechniqueforIDSs.B.Topromotenetwork-basedtechnologies.C.Toraisepeople’sawarenessofnetworksafety. D.Todiscusswaystodealwithmaliciousattacks.【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了IDSs(入侵检测系统)相关技术和发展。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Despitetheiradvantages,mostnetwork-basedsystemsarehighlyatriskofmalicious(恶意的)attacks.(尽管它们具有优势，但大多数基于网络的系统都很容易受到恶意攻击。)”可知，本段主要想要指出系统都很容易受到恶意攻击，即具有潜在的风险。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Toovercometheweaknessesofnetwork-basedsystems,computerscientistsworldwidehavebeentryingtodevelopadvancedintrusiondetectionsystems(IDSs)(入侵检测系统)thatcouldhelptoidentifymaliciousattacks,increasinganetwork’ssafety.(为了克服基于网络的系统的弱点，世界各地的计算机科学家一直在努力开发先进的入侵检测系统（IDS），该系统可以帮助识别恶意攻击，提高网络的安全性。)”可知，该系统能够识别恶意攻击，提高安全性。故选D项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“AnimportantstepinthedevelopmentandtrainingofML-basedIDSsistheselectionofdatafeaturesthatamodelcanrelyorfocusonwhenmakingpredictions.(开发和训练基于ML的IDS的一个重要步骤是选择模型在进行预测时可以依赖或关注的数据特征。)”可知，选择可依赖的数据特征是该系统的重要核心步骤。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Toovercometheweaknessesofnetwork-basedsystems,computerscientistsworldwidehavebeentryingtodevelopadvancedintrusiondetectionsystems(IDSs)(入侵检测系统)thatcouldhelptoidentifymaliciousattacks,increasinganetwork’ssafety.(为了克服基于网络的系统的弱点，世界各地的计算机科学家一直在努力开发先进的入侵检测系统（IDS），该系统可以帮助识别恶意攻击，提高网络的安全性。)”可知，本文主要为了介绍IDSs(入侵检测系统)。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Afuturewhereinsectsmakeupalargepartoftheworld’sdietisonthehorizon.Despitetheunpleasantnatureofsuchcuisine,insectshavebeenconsideredadelicacyinsomepartsofworldforcenturies.Theirbeinglow-fatandhigh-proteinmakesthemaperfectchoiceforreducinghunger.___16___Animalproteinfromlivestock(家畜),suchascows,chickenandpigs,takesup80percentoftheentireworld’s farmland,despiteonlymakinguplessthanone-fifthofcaloriesconsumedglobally.___17___Thusitwouldsupportavarietyofbiodiversityasnatureintended.Insectssuchasgrasshoppers,mealwormsandcricketsarepackedfullofproteinwithmuchhighervitaminlevelsthanporkorbeef.___18___Greenhousegasemissionsthroughthisprocessarealsoverylittle,withinsectwastemakingexcellentfertilizer(肥料)foragriculturalsoil.Itseemsthatinsectsareanidealsolutionformanyissuestheworldtodayisfacedwith.___19___UrbanareasofAsia,EuropeandNorthAmericaaremostlikelytoassociateinsectswithdirtinsteadofasatastymeal.Timesarechanging.TheEuropeanUnionlastyeardeclaredthatmealwormsweresafeforhumanconsumption.Cricketproteinpowderisalsoincreasinggreatlyinpopularity,withCanadarapidlybecomingthelargestmarketfortheproduct.___20___Asweexploreoursolarsystem,efficientmeansofproducinganimalbased-proteinswillbecomevital.Nonearemoreefficientspace-wisethaninsects.AndthecoloniesofthefuturecouldwellfindthemselvesenjoyingfriedcricketswithapintofbeerwhilewatchingtheMartiansunset.A.Theyalsohaveahostofenvironmentalbenefits.B.Insectsreproducequicklyandhavehighgrowthrates.C.Unlikeagriculture,insectsproducefarfewergreenhousegases.D.Theyrequirelittlespace,waterandtechnologytoraisecomparedtolivestock.E.However,makingthemadeliciouscuisinecanbeachallengeinseveralcultures.F.Byfreeinguplivestockspace,hugeexpansesoflandcouldbereturnedtonature.G.Afuturewhereinsectswillbecomeinvaluabletospaceexplorationisalsoupcoming.【答案】16.A17.F18.D19.E20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了用昆虫制作美味佳肴的好处。昆虫低脂肪和高蛋白使它们成为减少饥饿的完美选择，而且用昆虫制作美味佳肴还能带来许多环境效益。【16题详解】上文“Despitetheunpleasantnatureofsuchcuisine,insectshavebeenconsideredadelicacyinsomepartsofworldforcenturies.Theirbeinglow-fatandhigh-proteinmakesthemaperfectchoiceforreducinghunger.(尽管这种烹饪方式令人不快，但几个世纪以来，昆虫一直被视为世界上某些地区的美味佳肴。它们的低脂肪和高蛋白使它们成为减少饥饿的完美选择)”指出昆虫成为美味佳肴的原因，A项“它们还有许多环境效益。”承接上文，继续描述昆虫成为美味佳肴的原因，故选A。【17题详解】 上文“Animalproteinfromlivestock(家畜),suchascows,chickenandpigs,takesup80percentoftheentireworld’sfarmland,despiteonlymakinguplessthanone-fifthofcaloriesconsumedglobally.(来自牲畜，如牛、鸡和猪的动物蛋白，占据了全世界80%的农田，尽管只占全球消耗卡路里的不到五分之一)”指出牲畜占据了全世界80%的农田，F项“通过释放牲畜的空间，大片的土地可以回归自然。”承接上文，指出释放这些空间，会有好处，故选F。【18题详解】上文“Insectssuchasgrasshoppers,mealwormsandcricketsarepackedfullofproteinwithmuchhighervitaminlevelsthanporkorbeef.(蝗虫、粉虫和蟋蟀等昆虫富含蛋白质，维生素含量比猪肉或牛肉高得多)”指出饲养昆虫的好处，即昆虫富含蛋白质，维生素含量比猪肉或牛肉高得多，下文“Greenhousegasemissionsthroughthisprocessarealsoverylittle,withinsectwastemakingexcellentfertilizer(肥料)foragriculturalsoil.(通过这一过程的温室气体排放量也很少，昆虫废弃物可以作为农业土壤的优质肥料)”也是在讲饲养昆虫的好处。由此可知，空处也应围绕饲养昆虫的好处来写，D项“与畜牧业相比，它们需要很少的空间、水和技术来饲养。”承上启下，符合语境，故选D。【19题详解】上文“Itseemsthatinsectsareanidealsolutionformanyissuestheworldtodayisfacedwith.(昆虫似乎是当今世界面临的许多问题的理想解决方案)”指出用昆虫制作美味佳肴能解决许多问题，下文“UrbanareasofAsia,EuropeandNorthAmericaaremostlikelytoassociateinsectswithdirtinsteadofasatastymeal.(在亚洲、欧洲和北美的城市地区，人们更倾向于将昆虫与泥土联系在一起，而不是将其作为美味的一餐)”指出有些地区不用昆虫来做美味佳肴。由此可知，E项“然而，在不同的文化中，做出美味的菜肴是一个挑战。”和上文是转折关系，且下文具体说明了E项内容，故选E。【20题详解】下文“Asweexploreoursolarsystem,efficientmeansofproducinganimalbased-proteinswillbecomevital.Nonearemoreefficientspace-wisethaninsects.(随着我们探索太阳系，生产动物蛋白质的有效方法将变得至关重要。在空间利用方面，没有什么比昆虫更有效率)”指出昆虫在太空探索方面发挥的作用。由此可知，G项“昆虫将成为太空探索无价之宝的未来也即将到来。”引起下文，符合语境，故选G。第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。JimQuickgrewuponafarminOrchardHill,Georgia.Therehelearnedhow___21___beesaretothefoodweeat.Whenhewas11,hisgrandfatheraskedhimtostartabeehivetokeepthe___22___growingstrong.“Forty-twoyearslater,andI’mstill___23___,”Quicksaidinarecentinterview.Beforehisretirement,themaster beekeepertaughtentomology(thestudyofinsects)attheUniversityofGeorgiainAthens.Quickisstilllearningaboutbeesonthefarmwherehegrewup.Butheisworried:Thebee___24___isindanger.Nearly40%ofbeehivesintheUnitedStateswere___25___in2021alone.This___26___Quickandotherscientistsbecausebeesareessentialtofood___27___.Theypollinate(授粉)floweringcropsandplants,___28___theproductionofseedsandfruits.Thedecliningbeepopulationcanbe___29___byseveralfactors,includingparasites(寄生物)thatkillorweakenthehives.Habitatloss,____30____,andclimatechangearealsotoblame.Pesticidesgetintothenectar(花蜜)ofplants,whichisessentialtoabee’s____31____.Poisonoussubstancesinthenectarharmthebees’memory.Scientistsaresearchingfor____32____tohelpthebeepopulation.ButQuickalreadyhasa(n)____33____.“Setupabeehiveatschool,”hesaid,“andlearnmoreaboutpollinators.”Kidsaren’ttooyoungto____34____.Afterall,justattheageof11Quick____35____hisfirstbeehive.“Wecouldgrowmorebees,”hesaid,“ifwehadmorepeopletodoit.”21.A.vitalB.friendlyC.addictedD.sensitive22.A.beesB.bushesC.cropsD.roots23.A.tryingB.workingC.learningD.teaching24.A.growthB.migrationC.diversityD.population25.A.lostB.movedC.collectedD.discovered26.A.disappointsB.concernsC.shocksD.challenges27.A.safetyB.storageC.flavorD.production28.A.relyingonB.resultinginC.speedingupD.controllingover29.A.causedB.identifiedC.worsenedD.limited30.A.enemiesB.disastersC.diseasesD.chemicals31.A.sizeB.lifeC.dietD.memory32.A.cluesB.solutionsC.volunteersD.donations33.A.jobB.ideaC.choiceD.schedule34.A.helpB.rememberC.decideD.communicate35.A.decoratedB.designedC.startedD.bought【答案】21.A22.C23.C24.D25.A26.B27.D28.B29.A30.D31.C32.B33.B34.A35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了蜜蜂对我们的食物至关重要，但是蜜蜂种群正处于危险之中， Quick和其他科学家正在寻找帮助蜜蜂繁殖的办法。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他了解到蜜蜂对我们食物的重要性。A.vital至关重要的；B.friendly友好的；C.addicted沉迷的；D.sensitive敏感的。由下文“becausebeesareessentialtofood”可知，蜜蜂对我们的食物至关重要，故选A。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他11岁的时候，他的祖父让他建一个蜂箱来维持庄稼的生长。A.bees蜂蜜；B.bushes灌木丛；C.crops庄稼；D.roots根部。由上文“Therehelearnedhow__1_beesaretothefoodweeat.”和下文“becausebeesareessentialtofood”可知，蜜蜂对我们的食物至关重，由此可推断出，建一个蜂箱是用来维持庄稼的生长，故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Quick在最近的一次采访中说：“42年过去了，我仍然在学习。”A.trying尝试；B.working工作；C.learning学习；D.teaching教。由下文“Quickisstilllearningaboutbeesonthefarmwherehegrewup.”可知，Quick仍然在学习，故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是他很担心：蜜蜂种群正处于危险之中。A.growth成长；B.migration迁徙；C.diversity多样性；D.population人口；种群；族群。由下文“indanger”可知，蜜蜂种群正处于危险之中，故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：仅在2021年，美国就有近40%的蜂箱损失。A.lost丢失；被损坏；B.moved移动；C.collected收集；D.discovered发现。由上文“Thebee____4___isindanger.”可知，蜜蜂种群正处于危险之中，由此可知，此处指仅在2021年美国就有近40%的蜂箱损失，故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这引起了Quick和其他科学家的担忧，因为蜜蜂对食物生产至关重要。A.disappoints使失望；B.concerns关心；使担忧；C.shocks震惊；D.challenges挑战。由上文“Nearly40%ofbeehivesintheUnitedStateswere___5__in2021alone.”可知，仅在2021年，美国就有近40%的蜂箱损失，这引起了Quick和其他科学家的担忧，故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这引起了Quick和其他科学家的担忧，因为蜜蜂对食物生产至关重要。A.safety安全；B.storage储存；C.flavor风味；D.production生产。由下文“Theypollinate(授粉)floweringcropsandplants,____8___theproductionofseedsandfruits.”可知，蜜蜂对食物生产至关重要，故选D。 【28题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：它们为开花的作物和植物授粉，从而产生种子和果实。A.relyingon依靠；B.resultingin导致；C.speedingup加速；D.controllingover控制。由上文“Theypollinate(授粉)floweringcropsandplants”和下文“theproductionofseedsandfruits.”可知，蜜蜂为开花的作物和植物授粉，从而产生种子和果实，故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：蜜蜂数量的减少可以由几个因素造成，包括杀死或削弱蜂巢的寄生虫。A.caused引起；造成；B.identified认出；C.worsened变坏；D.limited限制。由下文“byseveralfactors”可知，蜜蜂数量的减少可以由几个因素造成，故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：栖息地丧失、化学物质和气候变化也是罪魁祸首。A.enemies敌人；B.disasters灾难；C.diseases疾病；D.chemicals化学品。由下文“Pesticides”可知，化学物质也是导致蜜蜂数量减少的原因，故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：农药进入植物的花蜜中，花蜜对蜜蜂的饮食至关重要。A.size尺寸；B.life生活；C.diet饮食；D.memory记忆。由上文“Pesticidesgetintothenectar(花蜜)ofplants,whichisessentialtoabee’s”可知，蜜蜂吃花蜜，所以当农药进入植物的花蜜中，会对蜜蜂的饮食造成危害，故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家们正在寻找帮助蜜蜂繁殖的办法。A.clues线索；B.solutions解决方法；C.volunteers志愿者；D.donations捐赠物。由下文“tohelpthebeepopulation.”可知，科学家们正在寻找帮助蜜蜂繁殖的办法，故选B。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但Quick已经有了一个想法。A.job工作；B.idea主意；想法；C.choice选择；D.schedule计划表。由下文““Setupabeehiveatschool,”hesaid,“andlearnmoreaboutpollinators.””可知，Quick已经有了一个想法——在学校里建一个蜂巢，让学生学习更多关于授粉者的知识。故选B。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们还没小到不能帮忙的地步。A.help帮助；B.remember记住；C.decide决定；D.communicate交流。由上文“Setupabeehiveatschool,”hesaid,“andlearnmoreaboutpollinators.”可知，在学校里建一个蜂巢，让学生学习更多关于授粉者的知识，这能让孩子们对蜜蜂的繁殖有所帮助，故选A。【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，Quick仅仅11岁就开始了他的第一个蜂箱。A.decorated装修；B.designed设计；C.started开始；D.bought买。由第一段做“Whenhewas11,hisgrandfatheraskedhimtostartabeehive”可知，Quick仅仅11岁就开始了他的第一个蜂箱，故选C。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。DidyoueverimaginethatonedaywecouldenjoythebenefitsofTraditionalChineseMedicineinacupofcoffee?TraditionalChineseMedicine,orTCM,is___36___approachusedtohelppeoplere-balancetheirhealthandmind.AtypicalwayofmakingaTCMformula(配方)istogetaprescriptionfroma___37___(license)doctor,shopforallthemedicinalmaterials,andthenbrew(煎)themwithwaterinapot.Thesematerials___38___(say)tohavearestorativeeffectbyre-balancingone’snaturalenergy,orQi,___39___runsthroughseriesofinvisiblemeridians(经脉)throughoutthebody.ButifyouaskyoungergenerationsofChinese,fewvisitTCMshopsnowadays,letalonebrewthesetime-testedremediesfor___40___(they).However,socialmediahasrecentlyseenatypeofcoffee___41___(feature)gojiberryjuicegetpopular.TheconceptofcombiningTCMherbs___42___populardrinkscouldmakeyoungpeopleaccessTCMmoreeasily.ThekeyofTCMis___43___(prevent).Bytryingsuchdrinks,youngpeoplecantakemorecareoftheirhealth,andnipsicknessesinthebud.Mostpeople,attractedinsuchacafebythe”newTCMdrinks“atfirst,wouldalsobeofferedotherTCMproductslikedriedherbsandteas,afterwhichtheystay___44___(learn)moreaboutTCM.AsTraditionalChineseMedicinebecomesmore___45___(access)toyoungpeople,manyareintegratingtheseancientdrinksintotheirdailywellnessroutines.【答案】36.an37.licensed38aresaid39.which40.themselves41.featuring42.with##and43.prevention44.tolearn45.accessible 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了传统中医，现在许多年轻人正在将中医药融入到日常健康生活中。【36题详解】考查冠词。句意：中医（TCM）是一种用来帮助人们重新平衡健康和心理的方法。结合语意可知，此处表示“一种方法”，空处应用不定冠词表示泛指，approach是元音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词an。故填an。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：制作中药配方的典型方法是从有执照的医生那里获得处方，购买所有的药材，然后在锅里用水煮。空处修饰名词doctor，应用形容词licensed，表示“得到正式许可的”，作定语，符合题意。故填licensed。【38题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：据说，通过重新平衡人体的自然能量（即气），这些药材具有恢复作用，气流经全身一系列不可见的经络。根据句中runs可知，句子使用一般现在时，say与主语thesematerials之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语thesematerials是复数，be动词应用are。故填aresaid。【39题详解】考查定语从句。句意：据说，通过重新平衡人体的自然能量（即气），这些药材具有恢复作用，气流经全身一系列不可见的经络。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Qi，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。【40题详解】考查代词。句意：但如果你问年轻一代的中国人，现在很少有人光顾中医店，更不用说为自己煮这些经过时间考验的药物了。结合语意可知，此处表示“年轻一代的中国人为他们自己煮中药”，空处应用反身代词themselves，表示“他们自己”，作介词for的宾语。故填themselves。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，社交媒体最近看到一种以枸杞汁为特色的咖啡变得受欢迎。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，feature与逻辑主语coffee之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式featuring作后置定语。故填featuring。【42题详解】考查固定短语。句意：将中药和流行饮料相结合的概念可以让年轻人更容易地接触到中药。combinesth.with/andsth.为固定搭配，表示“把某物和某物相结合”。故填with/and。【43题详解】考查名词。句意：中医的关键是预防。结合语意以及常识可知，空处应用名词prevention，表示“预防” ，作句子表语，符合题意。故填prevention。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一开始被“新型中药饮料”吸引到这样的咖啡馆的大多数人，还会得到其他中药产品，如干草药和茶，之后他们会留下来了解更多关于中药的信息。结合语意可知，“他们留下来是为了了解更多关于中药的信心”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填tolearn。【45题详解】考查形容词。句意：随着年轻人更容易接触到中医药，许多人正在将这些古老的饮料融入他们的日常健康生活。空处在as引导的时间状语从句中作表语，应用形容词accessible，表示“可接近的，易接近的”，符合题意。故填accessible。第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.你校将在6月6日全国爱眼日到来之际，举行“健康用眼健康生活（HealthyEyes,HealthyLife）”主题活动，请你写一则倡议书，发表在校英文报上。内容包括：1.倡议原因和目的；2.倡议内容；3.呼吁参加。注意：1.词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。2.可适当添加细节，以使行文连贯。Dearfriends,WearewritingthislettertocalloneveryonetotakepartintheHealthyEyes,HealthyLifecampaign.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Withbestwishes,TheStudents’Union【答案】DearFriends.WearewritingthislettertocalloneveryonetotakepartintheHealthyEyes,HealthyLifecampaign.Aswespendmoreandmoretimegluedtoscreens,thenumberofthestudentswithpooreyesightisontheincrease.Inorder toprotectoureyes,wepropose:Giveyoureyesregularbreaksanddoeyeexercises.Makeuseofelectronicdevicesproperlyandwisely.Haveabalanceddietrichinvitaminsandmineralstoprotectandnourishtheeyes.Let’sstartdoingwhatwecantoreducetheriskofexposuretoharmfulbluelight,reduceeyestrain,andimproveouroverallqualityoflife.Withbestwishes.TheStudents’Union【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。你校将在6月6日全国爱眼日到来之际，举行“健康用眼健康生活（HealthyEyes,HealthyLife）”主题活动，请你写一则倡议书，发表在校英文报上。内容包括：倡议原因和目的；倡议内容；呼吁参加。【详解】1.词汇积累正在增加：beontheincrease→beincreasing为了：Inorderto→Soasto利用：Makeuseof→Takeadvantageof提高：improve→enhance2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Haveabalanceddietrichinvitaminsandmineralstoprotectandnourishtheeyes.拓展句：Haveabalanceddietwhichisrichinvitaminsandmineralstoprotectandnourishtheeyes.【点睛】[高分句型1]Aswespendmoreandmoretimegluedtoscreens,thenumberofthestudentswithpooreyesightisontheincrease.(运用了as引导的状语从句)[高分句型2]Let’sstartdoingwhatwecantoreducetheriskofexposuretoharmfulbluelight,reduceeyestrain,andimproveouroverallqualityoflife.(运用了what引导的宾语从句)第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Reubensatonthebenchduringgymclass,daydreaming.Ashisclassmatesfoughtcomparativelyupanddownthebasketballcourt,hewasimaginingadifferentgame—oneinwhichagroupofcolorfulbricksturnedaroundquicklyandside-steppedanddunked(扣篮).Atthecenterofthisspinningcirclehecouldseeagiantbasketball…madeoutofLegobricks(乐高积木). Afewweeksearlier,hehadbuiltexactlythatkindofhugeLegobasketball.Itwasforacity-wideartcontestthateveryonewasexcitedabout:theprizewasa$100checkforthestudentartistandavisittothewinner’sschoolbytheworld-famousbasketballteam—TheLakers.Sincehehadsubmittedhisentry,Reubenkeptdreamingabouthiscreation,imaginingitwouldshowhisclassmateshowgoodhewas.atsomething!Reubenwascaughtupinhisbasketballballet,imaginingthebricksmovecloser...andcloser..Suddenly,asharpwhistleabruptlyinterruptedhisthoughts,followedbyanurgentshoutfromtheteacher:“Reuben!”Surprised,hejumpedtohisfeet.“Whereisyourattention,youngman?Ihadtocallyouthreetimes.NowgotakeLamar’splace.”“Who,Reuben?He’stoobusybuildingLegothingsinhishead,”Lamaryelledastheirclassmateslaughed.OfcourseLamarwasright.Worsestill,Reubenwasthetallestboyinhisclass,andhiscombinationofhisheight,longarms,andwiryfingersscreamed“basketballplayer”.Therefore,Reubenwasexpectednotjusttobegoodatbasketball,hewasexpectedtobegreat!Buthewasneither.Chasingandshootingballswasnothisthing.Hewasclumsy(笨拙的)onthecourt.Helovedtobuildanddesignanddrawthings.Once,heevenrecreatedamousetrap,makingithumane(人性化的).“Whyworryaboutmice?”momcomplained.“Theyeatourrice!”“Butmicesingtocommunicateandfeelempathyforothermice,Mom.Andthatsomecarryseedstootherpartsoftheenvironment,whichhelpsthingsgrow!”“Huh,”hismomsaid,thenfrownedandreplied,“Evenso,micearenousetonoone.”“Micemattertoo,Mom!”Reubenreplied.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph1:Backonthecourttoday,Reubenfeltlikeanoversizedmousehimself.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Justafterthegymclass,anexcitedvoicecameovertheloudspeaker.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】范文1Backonthecourttoday,Reubenfeltlikeanoversizedmousehimself.Hewascaughtinaflurryofarms,elbows,andmorescreechingsneakersslidingacrossthegymfloor.“Shoot,Reuben,shoot!”heheardLamaryell.Reubentossedtheballtowardthenet,prayingitwouldgoin.Wouldit?Couldit?Nope,itbarelyreachedthebackboardandbouncedaway.“Niceshot,Reuben!”Lamartauntedfromthebench.Handsonknees,Reubengraspedforair,desperatelyscreaminginside:Whydidn’tpeopleseehisusefulness?Thebasketballcourtwasn’ttheonlyplacethatcounted,wasit?Justafterthegymclass,anexcitedvoicecameovertheloudspeaker.“Goodafternoon,students,”saidtheprincipal.“Thecitywideartcontesthasmadeitschoice,andthewinnerisoneofourstudents!”Reuben’sheartskippedabeat.Coulditbehim?“Congratulationstofifth-gradeReuben!”theprincipalcontinued,“Besides,TheLakerswillbecomingtoourschoolnextmonth.”Reuben’sclassmatescheered,andevenranuptoofferhimahigh-five.Andfromthebend,heheardavoicecall,“Hey,dude,lookslikeyoufinallyfoundawaytowin!”ReubenturnedaroundandsawLamarholdingupathumb-up.“Finally,thismousematters,”Reubenthought.“Finally,thismousescored!”范文2Backonthecourttoday,Reubenfeltlikeanoversizedmousehimself.Hismovementswereclumsyandhehadtroublekeepingupwiththepaceofthegame.Suddenly,oneteammatepassedtheballtohim,butsofastdidtheballflythatReubenwastoonervoustojumpforit.Theballfellonhisshoulderheavilyandtheopponentseizedit.“Anothermiss,Reubon!”shoutedLamar.Thoughfeelinggreatpainontheshoulder,hersmiledawkwardlywithoutaword.Hisfaceflushing,ReubonwasdyingforthewhistleofthedismissalJustafterthegymclass,anexcitedvoicecameovertheloudspeaker.“Reubenwinsthefirstplaceinthecity-wideartcontestandtheLakerswillvisitourschoolnextMonday.”announcedtheheadmaster.Afterashortsilence,therewentthunderousapplesauceandcheerscomingfromthestudents,whowerecrazyfansoftheLakers.SomestudentscameovertocongratulateReubenandthebigsmileonhisfaceshowedhowproudhewas.Atthatmoment,hekneweveryonecanbegoodatsomething,justlikehim.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了上体育课的时候，同学们在打篮球，Reuben坐在长椅上，满脑子想的都是他参加艺术比赛的作品——由乐高积木组成的巨大篮球。突然，体育老师打断了他的思绪，让他上场，取代一位同学的位置。但是Reuben不擅长篮球，他喜欢建造、设计和画东西。 【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“今天回到球场，Reuben自己都觉得自己像只超大号的老鼠。”可知，第一段可描写Reuben在篮球场上的拙劣表现。②由第二段首句内容“体育课刚结束，一个兴奋的声音从喇叭里传来。”可知，第二段可描写校长宣布艺术比赛的获胜者是Reuben，其他同学对他表示祝贺。2.续写线索：回到球场——表现拙劣——同学嘲笑——体育课结束——校长宣布Reuben是艺术比赛的获胜者——同学祝贺——感悟3.词汇激活行为类①大喊：yell/scream②重要：count/matter③继续：continue/goon情绪类①好的：nice/good【点睛】[高分句型1]Reubentossedtheballtowardthenet,prayingitwouldgoin.（由非谓语动词作状语）[高分句型2]Thebasketballcourtwasn’ttheonlyplacethatcounted,wasit?（由关系词that引导限制性定语从句）